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WHAT IS TO BE DONE WITH THE PROFITS FROM
THE SALE OF THIS BOOK.
Besolred, That the Howard Association of Memphis thanks Mr.
J. M. Keating for the very generous gift of his work, entitled: "A
History of the Yellow Fever," the copyright, and all rights, title
to, or profits in which he has transferred to the Howard Association
of Memphis ; and,
liesolvcd, That the proceeds of the sale of such work, after the first
edition of five hundred copies, which are hereby reserved for free
distribution by the Association, shall, as he requests, be applied to
the building of a Monument to the Physicians, Nui'ses, Members of
the Howard Association and Citizens' Relief Committee, who died in
Memphis during the epidemic of 1878.
Adopted unanimoushj, January 6, 1879.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
THE
YELLOW FEVER EPIDEMIC
OF 1878,
IN MEMPHIS, TENN".
EMBRACING A COMPLETE LIST OF THE DEAD, THE NAMES OF THE DOCTORS AND
NURSES EMPLOYED, NAMES OF ALL WHO CONTRIBrXED MONEY OR MEANS,
AND THE NAMES AND HISTORY OF THE HOWARDS, TOGETHER WITH
OTHER DATA, AND LISTS OF THE DEAD ELSEWHERE.
By J. M. KEATING.
"God is pleased with no music below so much as the thanksgiving songs of relieved widows, of supported
orphans, of rejoicing, and comforted, and thanliful persons."— Jeremy Tavloe.
MEMPHIS, TENN.:
PRINTED FOR THE HOWARD ASSOCIATION.
1 879.
copykighted, 1879,
By the Howard Association of Memphis.
ELECTROTYPED AT
PRANKLIX TYPE FOUXDBT,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
WRIGHTSON i CO..
PRINTERS AND BJXDKRS,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
DEDICATION.
TO THE MEN AND WOMEN
WHO VOLUNTEERED THEIR LIVES FOR THE FEVER-STRICKEN CITIZENS
OF MEMPHIS IN 1878 ; TO ALL WHO CONTRIBUTED FOOD, CLOTHING, OR MONEY
TO SUCCOR THE SICK, RELIEVE THE DESTITUTE, AND BURY THE DEAD,
THIS HISTORY OF A TERRIBLE SCOURGE AND RECORD OF A GREAT
PUBLIC CALAMITY, IS GRATEFULLY AND RESPECTFULLY
DEDICATED,
By J. M. Keating.
GRATEFUL AND HEARTFELT THANKS.
Towards the close of the epidemic of 1878, the Howard Association and tlie
Citizens' Eelief Committee, in the name and in behalf of the dead, of the sick, the
Convalescent, and the suiferiug citizens of Mempliis, thanked the jjeople of the
world in terms of heartfelt gratitude for the kind consideration, sympathy, and
generous charity of which, in common with their fellow-citizens of other cities
and towns of the South, tliey had been the objects and recipients during the
awful visitation. On the 28th of November, 1878, being Thanksgiving Day,
at au immense mass-meeting composed of representatives of all classes of the
lately returned people of Memphis, the following preamble and resolutions were
unanimously adopted :
WHEFiEAS, We, the citizens of Memphis, who were absent during the recent
pestilence, mindful of the individual heroism displayed in behalf of our deeply-
afflicted people, and of the generosity, consideration, and aid extended to them
by a sympatlietic world, desire to testify our appreciation in a manner which
will not only prove acceptable, but in a way by which it will be sure to reach
all those to whom we owe so much ; therefore, on this the 28th day of Novem-
ber, 1878 — a day set ap%rt by the President of the United States, and by the
Governor of this State, as one of thanksgiving and prayer — we, deeming such
day and such time most appropriate, and being in solemn mnss-meeting assem-
bled, do hereby publicly express our gratitude —
First, — To the President of the United States, the Secretary of War, and
other members of his cabinet.
Second, — To the Governor and Treasurer of the State of Tennessee.
Third, — To the municipal authorities, merchants' exchanges, chambers of
commerce, cotton exchanges, bankers and underwriters of the United States
and Canada.
Fourth, — To the commercial bodies of Europe, and the representatives abroad
of the American Government.
Fifth, — To the churches, Sunday-schools, and benevolent associations in. all
sections of the Union.
Sixth, — To the press of the United States.
Seventh, — To the theatrical managers and members of the dramatic and
musical professions.
Eighth, — To the officers, members, nurses, and employes of the jNIemphis
Howard Association.
Ninth, — To the Howard Medical Corps, its officers and members.
Tenth, — To the volunteer physicians and nurses from other sections.
Eleventh, — To the officers, members, and employes of the Citizens' Relief
Association.
Twelfth, — To the officers and employes of the commissary departmer.t of the
Citizens' Relief Association.
(V)
vi
GRATEFUL AND HEARTrEl.T THANKS.
Thirteenth, — To tlie clergy and religious orders of Memjjhis, and volimteers
from abi-oad.
Fourteenth, — To the employes in the Memphis post-office.
Fifteenth, — To the Memphis daily press.
Sixteenth, — To the working committees of the Odd Fellows, Masons, Knights
of Honor, Knights of Pythias, Ancient Order of Workingmen, Independent
Order of iNIutual Aiders, and other benevolent organizations.
Seventeenth, — To the maj'or and other city officials, and to the police and
fire departments of Memphis.
Eigldee)itli, — To the military companies, uhite and cclored, who remained
on duty during the pestilence.
Nineteenth, — To the Memphis and Louisville, the IMemphis ar.d Charleston,
the IMississi]ipi and Tennessee, and other railway lines ; and to the Memphis
and Ohio River and the Anchor Line Packet Companies.
Twentieth, — To the officers and employes of the Memphis banks, of the South-
ern Express Company, and of the Western Union Telegraph Company.
Twenty -first, — To the charitable of the known and unknown people not con-
nected with any charitable or philanthropic association — persons from every
walk and station in life, both lofty and humble ; and to the many who, sacri-
ficing interest, safety, the ties of kindred f.nd the comforts of home, risked all
in the humanitarian mission to which they had dedicated their lives.
Tiventy- second, — To the women of America, whose hearts went out towards
the sick and afflicted of the land.
Twenty -third, — To the martyred dead, we feel but can not express our grati-
tude; yet, in all tlie days to come, their memories shall be kept green, and their
names go down in the annals of our city, honored, revered, and blessed. It
w'oukl be a pleasing thougl; melancholy task to call the roll of our illustrious
dead, and let our grateful hearts respond in fitting tribute to their many vir-
tues: but to a list so long, wiiere every virtue is conspicuous, your Committee
believes this to be not the time nor the place to mention individual merit. To
do justice to the memory of any one of a hundred whose names might be sug-
gested, w ould occupy more time than is now at your disposal ; hence it is we
restrain our inclination to mention names, and leave to each of you the sacred
privilege of recalling the pleasant memories which cluster around our hallowed
dead.
PREFACE.
This history of the yellow fever, and record of the epidemic of 1878, in
Memjihis, had its origin in the wish exjaressed ])y a large number of intelli-
gent citizens, at home and abroad, who desired that the origin, progress, and
results of the recent epidemic, esjjecially, might be rescued from the evanes-
cent columns of the daily press and put in an enduring form — a monument
testifying to the sufferings of the people of IMemphis, the unparalleled losses
of life, to the humanity and overflowing charity of their fellow-countrymen of
all the States, and the people of many of the nations of Europe ; and, above
all, to the heroism of the women and the men who illustrated, as physicians
and nurses, with a sublime self-abnegation, the first and chiefest of Christian
virtues.
All the known and well autlienticated sources of infiirmati(jn have been
freely availed of, and it is believed that nothing has been omitted that could
increase the value of the book as a history of the yellow fever and comijlete
record of the epidemic of 1878, from the occurrence of the first to the date
of the last known case.
Tlie author has, it will be seen, confined himself to focts, and has not in-
dulged, as he could wish, and tiiey deserve, in extended panegyrics of those
who so nobly perished at the post of duty, or of those who, doing their duty,
survived the ordeal of death. Want of space firliade. The nature of their
employment will sufficiently speak the added danger, if any, encountered by
each, whether Howard or citizen ; and the official station they filled will mark
those for special remembrance by the Avorld, Avho, l)y their courage, zeal, and
efficiency, were the life and inspiration of the comparative few who performed
what, to them, was a sacred duty.
(vii)
viii PREFACE.
All cause of jealousy, complaint, or offense has been studiously avoided,
Avhile nothing has been omitted that was deemed essential to the "truth of
history." The time allowed for the work has been brief, but it is hoped it
will be found worthy alike of the living and the dead; a record of duty done,
a history of those who have passed away, leaving us a lesson of' gentle minis-
trations, of heroic warfare, of strained endurance, of patient resignation, of
cool, calm courage, and of Christian fortitude.
The epidemic of 1878, when the numbers exposed, the numbers who sick-
ened, and those who died, are taken into account, must be set down as one of
the gi'eatest calamities of modern times, marking an epoch in our history and
expressing a period memorable for all time.
Trusting that the lesson it teaches will not be lost upon those whom it most
immediately concerns, the author commits his work to the considerate judg-
ment of his readers, praying their indulgence for such demerits as to them
may appear.
Memphis, il/ay, 1879.
CONTENTS.
TAfi E
HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER 11-7:^
CHRONOLOGY OF YELLOW FEVER 75-9-S
EPIDEMIC IN MEMPHIS, 1878 99-144
INCIDENTS OF THE EPIDEMIC 145-194
METEOROLOGICAL 195-206
THE DEATHS OF 1878 207-266
QUARANTINE AND SANITATION 267-326
APPENDIX (Reports of Howards, etc.) 327-448
INDEX 445-454
HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
(xi)
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
I.
The Yellov/ Fever, or, as Dowell prefers to term it, /e6ris typhus iderodes,
or febris mm nigro vomito, tlie ficvre jaime of the Frencli, and negro vomito
of the Spanish, was known to the Caribs, according to Breton, who wrote in
1655, by the French equivalent of coup de barre, expressive of the muscular
pains of the fever, as if produced by blows from a stick. Like Asiatic chol-
era and the small-pox, it is assigned to that class of diseases known as xpnatie
(from x'jma, the Greek word for yeast). These diseases are produced by in-
visible germs floating in tiie atmosphere, which, taken into the blood tlirough
the lungs, are afterward propagated by the excreta and invisible emanations
of the patients. The yellow fever is claimed by some to have originated and
to have prevailed epidemically* in Africa, though Cortez found it prevailing
lu Mexico, to whose people it was known by the name of matzlazalumtl ; and
the Indians of San Domingo and other West India Islands were decimated
by it before and soon after the discovery of America. It is unknown in Asia,
Australia, or the islands of the Pacific ; and it was unknown to Europe until
after the discovery of America by Columbus. Dowell says that "it was un-
doubtedly introduced from Africa to America [he does not say when, nor
does he tell us why, if it is an African fever, the negroes in this country
are so largely exempt from it] ; that it existed in Africa, eastern Asia, and
southern Europe, long before the establishment of the Greek and Roman
empires, is generally well established by Hertado, even running back a thou-
sand years before Christ ; that it has now become endemic along the coasts,
of Africa — both east and west — as well as in the West Indies and northern
coast of South America, no one doubts [and he ought to have added the
Epidemic diseases are those wliich attiick .nt tlie same time a great number of pec-,
pie, depending on some temporary accidental and generally inappreciable canse: differ-
ing, in this respect, from endemic diseases, or those developed under the inflnence of
some constant or periodic cause. Many diseases, ordinarily sporadic, may become epi-
demic (as* yellow fever) under certain ill-understood conditions; or some new disease,
introduced by contagiim or other favorable circumst^mces, may spread epidemically.
(13)
14
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
coast of Mexico and Gulf and south Atlantic coasts of North America]; and
that in all these districts its has its epidemic years and its years of nearly
entire exemption is also well known." Dowler, on Avhose authority Dowell in
other respects lays great stress, states that, on the contrary, "The slightest
notice of yellow fever is nowhere found among ancient writers, altliough
they have not failed to record, incidentally or directly, the time, place,
and progress of numerous epidemics with more or less particularity, so that
these characteristics may now, after the lapse of so many centuries, be
ascertained. It is now nearly 3,000 years since the first temple arose in
honor of ^sculapius; four or five centuries later, he was worshiped at Rome,
where epidemics became both frequent and fatal. Homer opens his great
poem by alluding to an epidemic that destroyed dogs, mules, and men :
another, 430 years before Christ, most destructive at Athens, was very
minutely described by Tliucydides, himself having suffered by it. An epi-
demic also fell under the observation of Hippocrates, whose treatment of
it was reckoned so successful, that he was presented with a massive ciown
of gold and the highest public honors. Five years later, Athens was again
visited. Many epidemics jjrevailed at Rome before our era. In 263 and
212 (at the siege of Syracuse), and in 131 before Christ, the Roman and
many other nations suffered from pestilential visitations, as mentioned directly
or indirectly by ancient authors. Near the commencement of the Christian
era, Celsus, and in the next century, Galen, gave the world their learnfed
works on medicine. In the sixth century the plague was general; and, in
A. D. 565, small-pox was first described in France, as it was in the tenth
century by the Arabian physicians, Rhazes and Avicenna. Before the mid-
dle of the 13th century, medical schools existed at Montpelier and Damas-
cus. The Parisian College of Surgery soon followed. Descriptions of scurvy
and plica were soon after recorded. Books on medicine, too, appeared in
greater number; and some new diseases were described in the 14th and
15th centuries, such as whooping-cough, the sweating sickness, and St. Vitus'
dance, which later was epidemic dn the Rhine. During this lor.g period,
so briefly sketched, yellow fever does not appear to have been noticed until
the discovery of America by Columbus. Had it prevailed in ancient times,
its jirominent features, so very remarkable, at least in its advanced stages,
would, doubtless, have been recorded."* It is said to have made its fil'st
appearance on this side of the Atlantic in the West Indies, in 1647; but the
late Noah Webster has shown that it prevailed among the Indians of New
England in 1618, and again in 1746, and at other periods. It is also said
to have scourged Mexico many years before the Spanish conquest. It cer-
tainly prevailed in Central America in 1596. Epidemics of it have occurred
as far north as Quebec, as far south as Montevideo, as far east as Spain, and
as far west as Mexico. It is endemic in Brazil, the West Indies, Venezuela,
New Grenada, Mexico, the Gulf coast, and along the south Atlantic coast of
* The weight of evidence is with Dowler, and yellow fever would seem to be an Amer-
ican, and not an African fever.
A HI3TORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEK.
15
tlie United States, as far north as Clmrlcston. It is nncommon in elevntcfl
regions, but deaths have occurred from it at New Castle, Jamaica, at tiie
height of 4,000 feet; and, if the statement be true that ancient Mexico was
visited by it, then it has been epidemic at a height of between 7,000 and
8,000 feet above the level of the sea. Dowell says, " Tiiat along the sea
coasts and in the islands of the troi>ics it has never occun-ed above 3,000
feet, while under the equator it has occurred at 4,000 feet." (Since 1668 it
has many times prevailed epidemically in the New England, the JMiddle, the
Western, and tlie Southern States of the Union, at a fearful sacrifice of life
and cost of money. Dowell, writing in the first part of 1878, before the
dreadful visitation of that year, which cost the country more than 25,000
lives and $200,000,000, says, "That yellow fever had [up to 1877] visited
228 cities and towns and 28 States of the Union, appearing 741 times, and
causing 65, 311 deaths" [of which we have record, and as many more, per-
haps, of which we have not]. Dr. Bell, of Louisville, declares it an indisputa-
ble truth that, beyond 45° north latitude and 23° south latitude, the disease
is but rarely or never felt, and it is rigidly confined between 20° east longi-
tude and 30' north. In the West India Islands, on the west coast of Africa,
and the continent of America the ravages of yellow fever are most fre-
quently felt. The conspicuous zones for it are Barbadoes on the east, Tampico
on the west, Bio Janeiro on the south, and Charleston on the north. Within
this area the disease is perpetually present at some {)oint." Dowell says,
" That it can not live in a temperature above 212° nor below 32° Fahrenheit,
or 100° centegrade; consequently, no patient will take the disease where the
temperature is below freezing [see contradiction a few lines below], and you
ma}'' steam a ship to boiling, and kill out all contagion, and make it clean and
health}^ by raising the heat to 212° [or, as some others insist, by freezing it
by the new refrigerating process of Gamgee] ; that he has known non-inter-
course to prevent it; but, after a slight frost or two, the men. were permitted to come
to toicn, and there occurred several cases and. one death, in 1865, January 5th
[and yet he says no patient will take the disease at a temperature below freez-
ing point]; and that the cause is increased by meteorological changes of months'
duration; and this is the cause of the belief of some that it comes in the
air. It develops in from two to nine days, but cases have been known
where patients have had it in them 23 days. The true cause is an animal-
culte, so small that we have been unable yet to develop it, though there are
some efforts being made in that direction, which foreshadow success." But
they have not yet made their appearance. Dr. Bennett Dowlcr, an authority
who shares the esteem of all students of the subject with Stone, Flaget,
Bell, and many others, declares positively that it has originated spontane-
ously in more than one instance in the United States: and, so originating,
has raged epidemically. The Commission appointed by the Board of Health
of New Orleans in 1853, to inquire into the causes of the epidemic of that
year, declared positively that it originated there, and was aggravated to a
fearful intensity by the filthy condition of the city. The medical experts
recently appointed by Congress, deny the position of Dowler, of the New
2
16
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
Orleans Commission of 1853, and of Bell, although these, as ■v\ill be shown
later on, are fully sustained by a weight of authority at least equal to
that of the Commission, and by the fact that yellow fever has become nat-
uralized in the West Indies,* in Mexico, in Brazil, and in New Orleans.
They declare that " yellow fever is not domiciled in the United States, and
that every epidemic that has occurred has been in chronological sequence
to the countries south of us, with which we are in communication." They
deny that it has ever originated indigenously in this country, and assert
that it is always the result of importation, and invariably prevails in some
sea-port before attacking the interior. Yet they say cases have occurred
here where the specific poison, when hidden from the cold in sheltered
places, has given rise the succeeding summer to scattered cases. It is
transmitted, they also contend, by steam and sailing vessels, barges, per-
sonal clothing, baggage, ordinary merchandise; also by yellow fever patients,
who are responsible for more epidemics, they say, than all other causes,
though instances are not wanting where they failed to occasion other cases.
The yellow fever is a fever of one paroxysm continuoush' from 24 to 72 and
and sometimes 96 hours. According to Dr. Faget, of the faculty of Paris,
V>'ho, during a residence of 2b years in NeAV Orleans, has closely observed it, "it
is strongly individual in its characteristics. For, whereas, in paludal fevers
there are generally two or more paroxysms, sometimes a continued series of
them, j^ellow fever has but one single parox3'sra. And, whereas, in the former
the period of defervescence, during which the temperature regains its normal
degree, is only from 30 to 48 hours, in the latter it averaged 96 hours. In
2)aludal fevers there is a perfect concord between the line of the pulse and that
of tlie temperature, while in yellow fever the line of the jiulse descends, but
that of the temperature maintains itself or rises." According to the observa-
tions of Dr. Faget and othere, made during the epidemic of 1870, in New
Orleans, "it should be six or seven days (6 X 24 = 144 hours)." In summing
up the march of the temperature. Dr. Faget says, the fever "is characterized
by a unique paroxysm, with an effervescence of one to three days, followed by a
defervescence of four to seven days, without any stationary stage." The duration
of the yellow fever is stated by Dr. La Roche to be three days — "a febrile
stage of about seventy hours' duration, more or less, is succeeded by a period
of complete cessation of fever."
Dowler declares it to be non-contagious and to result fi-om an antecedent
Avholly unknown. And Dupuy de Chamberry, whom he quotes, states positively
that "the yellow fever of this place (New Orleans) is a disease sui r/eneris, the
product of local cavises, find is never contagious or exportable." Dr. Dowell, the
latest medical writer on yellow fever, describes it "as an eruptive or exanthe-
matous fever, infectious or contagious from persons or clothes under circum-
stances not yet known." The medical experts appointed by Congress in De-
cember, 1878, declare it to be a specific disease produced by the introduction
into the human organism of a specific poison, and that, though this specific
If it did not originate there or in Mexico.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
17
poison has never been chonically or nilcrosco])ical]y (lenionstratecl, nor in any
way made evident to the liiunan sense, tliey deem it safe to assume tliat it is
material and particuhir, is endowed with ordinary properties, and is subject to
the ordinary hnvs of material substances. They also hold that it is orp-anic —
is endowed with the vital ])roj)erties of growth and reproduction; tliat it is not
Tiialarial; but the concurrence of local conditions favorable to the evolution of
it seems to be necessary to the evolution of yellow fever epidemics. Atmosj)heric
air, they admit, is the usual me(jium through ^vhich the infection is received into
the human system; it is not carried by atmospheric currents, they say, nor by
any modes or vehicles of conveyance other than those coiniected witli human
traffic and travel. The white race is most susceptible to it, and all colors inter-
mediary between that and the negro less and less in degree as the}' approach
the African, who suffers least of all from it. The period of incubation, tiiey
hold, varies from two to five days — second attacks are of rare occurrence —
and it can be destroyed by extreme heat and cold and by chemical disinfectants
where they can be concentrated. Dr. L. S. Tracey, in the Popular Sclcitre
Montldy, a publication of the highest scientific character, regards the germ and
develo])ment theory with favor. He says: "Yellow fever occujiies a singular
positi(m between the contagious and non-coutagious diseases. The poison is
not, like that of small-pox, directly communicable from a sick person to a well
one ; but, although the emanations of the sick are connected with the spread
of the disease, they seem to require an appropriate nidus in which to germinate
and develop. This nidus must be warm and moist, and there the germs, what-
ever they are, lie and grow or, in some way, develop luitil they are able to mi-
grate. The germs are poi'table, and may be conveyed in l^aggage or merchan-
dise {fom'de-i) for hundreds or thousands of miles. If not so conveyed, its progi'ess
is very slow. In 1822, in New York, when it gained a foothold in Rector
Street, it appeared to travel aljout 40 feet a day until killed l)y tlie frost. It
often leaves a house or a block intact, going around it and attacking those be-
yond, with no assignable reason. A thin board partition seems to have stopped
it on Governor's Island in 1856, and an instance is related where it attacked
the sailors in all the berths of one side of a shij:) before crossing to the other.
Such apparent vagaries are, in the present state of our knoAvledge, inexplica-
ble." * Dr. William Schmoele, of Philadelphia, in an essay on the cause, the
fusion, localization, prevention, and cure of cholera and yellow fever, holds to the
same theory, but lays particular stress on propagation by the patient. He says:
"The parasites causing the j^ellow fever, although also of exclusively tropical
origin, appear somewhat capable to be reproduced, during the heat of summer,
wherever the thermometer of Fahrenheit ranges above 86 degrees, in more
northern latitudes, outside of the human alimentary tube, especially if impoi'ted
by patients, and deposited with their excrements, in warm, damp, and filthy
localities, presenting all the additional conditions of development of minute
vermin. Their chief diffusion, however, in northern climes, is efiected by
* They have always been characteristic of it. All the medical and ne'W!3paper records
treat of them.
18
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER,
reproduction of the seeds in the bowels of patients, and by their direct
dissemination through the vapors of the excrements, Avhich deposit them on
articles of food, or in the mouth of new victims, thence to be carried, with the
food, into the digestive tube." Dr. Chopin, Health Officer of New Orleans, a
medical authority of high repute and yellow fever expert, describes yellow fever
most nearly in accordance M'ith the general experience in Memphis in 1878. He
says "it is an exotic, and that its germ is a living organism capable of rapid
reproduction under given conditions ; that it multiplies itself, first on surfaces
and then in the atmosphere, until it becomes epidemic. It is a self-limited dis-
ease, like all specific diseases; that it must run its course, and nothing that we
know of can stop its progress. Like scarlet fever, measles, small-pox, and
cholera, it will go on unchecked as long as the poison is in the system. Then,
through the influence on the nervous system, tissue changes occur, which produce
disorganization and death, unless it is checked." Dr. J. M. Clements, of Louis-
ville, attributes the yellow fever poison to some order of fungus plants indigenous
to the tropics, but as yet undiscovered, and says "that the germs or spores are
transported by strips, and finding in the place attacked the conditions of filth, heat
and moisture breeds in such numbers as to poison the air and lay human life under
"contribution." He rests his theory upon the experiments of Prof. J. H. Salis-
bury, of Cleveland, Ohio, who claims to have ascertained that intennittent and
remittent fevers are caused by the introduction into the system of cells or spores
emanating from certain species of algoid plants, called Palmellse, which belong
to the lowest known vegetable organism. To these species of plants he applies
the generic name, Semiasma, signifying earth miasm, and he also calls them
ague j)lants. Prof. Salisbury claims that this discoveiy is based on the follow-
ing facts: "A microscopical examination of the salivary secretions and mucous
expectoration, in the morning, of persons living in a malarious region showed
cells of an algoid type, resembling strongly those of the palmellae, to be the
only bodies constantly present; and these bodies were invariably absent from
the same secretions examined from persons residing above the summit plane of
ague. The palmelloid cells were obtained by suspending plates of glass, over
night, near broken ground, in places whence malarious emanations were known
to arise. The so-called ague plants were invariably found in numerous localities
in which intermittent fever prevailed, and in no instance were they found where
this disease did not occur. Cakes of surface soil from a malarious locality, which
were covered with the palmellse, were carried to a high, hilly district, situated
five miles from any malarious locality, Avhere a case of malarial fever had never
been known to exist. These cakes were exposed on the sill of an open second-
story window, opening into the sleeping apartment of two young men, A plate
of glass suspended over them during the night was found to be covered with pal-
melloid cells and spores. Both the young men had intermittent fever, one on the
12th day, the other on the 14th. No other members of the family were affected."
The theory of Prof, Salisbury, accounting for the origin of remittent and in-
termittent fevers, and which is thus advanced by Dr, Clements, of Louisville,
to account for the origin of yellow fever, is sustained by the experiments of
Dr, Emil Querner, of Philadelphia, whose investigations into the causes of
A HISTOKY OF THE YELLOM" FEVER.
19
diphtheria leads him to the following coiielusions: "After a lahorioiis and scru-
tinizing investigation into tlie cause of a large nunilier of cases of di]jhtheria
that have come under my care during several years j^ast, I have almost arrived
at the conclusion that tiie priuKuy infection of an individual comes from the
fungi wliicli arc found as spots of different colors on the exterior of fruits, par-
ticularly a])ples. As far a.s the j)o\ver of my microscope has shown, these fungi
seem identical with the fungi from a diphtheritic ulcer, and last autumn I
traced a number of c;uses, at one time five together in one family, back to the
eating of apples picked from the ground in orchards without previously clean-
ing the fruit by rubbing or washing. The 2>i'evalence of this dreadful disease
in the last three decjides nia}^ be well accounted for by the fact that the appeai-
ance and flourishing of lower vegetable and animal organisms is j^eriodical, of
which we have examples in the potato-disease, the disease of the grape-vine, and
cholera, wdiich latter has been ascribed to a fungus growing on the ears of rice
in East India, and carried in the human bod}' as a contagion all over the globe,
and in many other cases. Of course, any ^wrson infected with the disease from
the primary cause may l)e the center of infectio)i for others. Why many per-
sons eat fruit with fungi on them with impunity is explainable simply on the
ground that the susceptibility for disease differs greatly in individuals, and that,
for instance, for the propagation of fungi upon the nuicous mendirane upon
the pharynx there may exist a previous catarrhalic affection, with a spongy
condition of the same. It is my opinion that in times of epidemic diseases
almost ever\^ one takes the contagion into his sj'stem, but that for the develop-
ment of the disease a certain predisposition, or some additional cause, is neces-
sary. Thus, cholera breaks out in an individual only after the cooling off of
the abdomen ; and small-ix)x attacks timid persons often after being frightened
by the sight of a pitted face of a convalescent patient from a distiince. Thus,
alsf>, the impunity of physicians who treat such diseases with a zealous and
investiLiating mind, and with a fearless interest in every case, may be ticcounted
for; their nervous energy resisting the tendenej'of their vital power to succund)
to the contagion. By this, I wish only to give a hint for further investigation
in this matter, for certainly it is time that the mediial profession should discover
more of the hidden causes of zymotic diseases, which bring so nmch havoc
among the human race."
Dr. J. P. Davidson, of New Orleans, very emphatically agrees with the ex-
perts apjxMnted by Congress. He says "that yellow fever is exotic, and never
originates locally except under peculiar circumstances of limited domestica-
tion, as when an epidemic has prevailed, or in certain years when a few
■cases have occurred, and periodically, after imjxirtation, the ensuing winter
has Tteen so mild that the mercury has not fallen repeatedly below 32° — the
special cause, germs, if you will, survive the winter, and when the sunnncr
heat attains its nuiximum, they multiply sufliciently to impart the disease."
He also holds "that it is due to a living, organized microscopicentity, vege-
table or animal, which generateil out of pre-existing germs under favorable
circumstances, propagates itself indefinitely when these peculiar and essential
conditions exist." Dr. GaiUard, of Louisville, Ls of opinion that yellow fever
20
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOAV FEVER.
■will not originate out of its zone ; that cai-ried beyond it and introduced into
filthy cities, its favorite, if not essential nidus, it will spread and decimate,
and will bring ruin and desolation in its train. Dr. Hapi)holdt, who was
conspicuous as a volunteer jjhysician in Memphis during the epidemic of
1873, and who had previously had an extended experience with yellow fever
as Health Officer of Charleston, in a pamphlet historj' of that visitation, de-
clares that "yellow fever is peculiarly a disease of cities, where large num-
bers of persons are crowded together, and effete animal matters arc allowed
to putrefy in the atmosphere ; but it is not proved that filth, garbage or nox-
ious gases from rotthig animal or vegetable matter can any more produce
yellow fever than they can small-pox; though it is almost certain that they
do so vitiate the atmosphere as to render it a proper nidus for the reception
and proliferation of the essential epidemic germ, be it what it may; whether
of fungoid growths, or germinal masses derived from normal cells, or analo-
gous to yeast or other ferment, which, by virtue of catalytic action, is capa-
ble of producing deleterious changes in the constituents of the body. Assum-
ing that all the destructive changes which the blood undergoes in yellow
fever are due to the contact of certain infinitesimal j^articles, it may be read-
ily conceived that after entering the organism and affecting its vital constitu-
ents, they may reproduce themselves, and, from their extreme minuteness,
permeate the tissues and escape from it by the skin, the breath, and the ex-
cretions. When without the body, they may continue to multiply them-
selves indefinitely if the surrounding atmosphere be in a favorable condition ;
and floating about the air, impregnate water and food, and attach them-
selves to clothing, bedding, or other material, and so admit of trans23ortation,
and gaining access to the bodies of j^ersons suitable for their reception ; or
these particles may lose a portion of their contagious vitality and be no
longer capable of originating other germs that can propagate the disease, or
being introduced into localities not favorable to their develoj^ment, occasion
only a few sj)oradic cases. But ^\•e are not assured that all the germs perish,
after the cessation of their action, by the intervention of cold weather.
Many may but hibernate in sheltering situations to be revivified and aroused
into action by warm weather and other favoring circumstances." Assistant
Surgeon Harvey E. Brown, of the United States Army, holds that the yel-
low fever is an acute, infectious disease, which originated in Africa,* and has
become naturalized in the West Indies, and that it never has had an exist-
ence in the United States except in consequence of the importation and sub-
sequent development and production of its active or germinal principle. The
nature of the germ is unknown, and he says that "the transmission of yel-
low fever is not eflTected by means of a contagion or exhalation given off from
the bodies of the sick, as is the case with small-pox, erysipelas, and the
eruptive fevers, but the unknown poisonous principle probably exists in ex-
tremely minute particles or germs which impregnate and render noxious the
*He does not say when or in wliat part of Afiica, and in that regard is as vague and
indefinite as the majority of liis brethren.
A HI.STOrvY OF THE YELLOW FEVEPw
21
discharges from the stomach, bowels, ami skin of any jicrson undergoing an
attack of the disease. Tlicse germs ii.ay attach themselves to clothing, bed-
ding, carpets, and furniture in a sick-room ; they may penetrate the ■walls and
M ood-work of a house, or the liokl of a ship ; when, by the general })reva-
lence of the disease they become numerous, they may poison the a(mo^pl;cre
of a street or even of a whole town ; they inay ccntaminatc and render dan-
gerous drinking water, cess-pools, privy-vaults, and all places where the ofiiil
of houses is thr(.)wn. They have tlie power of self-production outside of the
luunau body ; hence but an infinitesimally small quantity of the original
virus need be imported to produce a Avide-si)read epidemic, lliey are killed
i>r rendered innocuous by certain substances known as disinfectants, among
wliich may be mentioned a high degree of heat, carbolic acid, sul[)hate of
iron (commercial cojjijeras), nitrous and sulphurous acid gases, cte. A tem-
perature of 32° Fahrenheit destroys their vitality. Should any of these
germs hil)ernate and survive through a winter, it is f(jund that on the return
of warm wejither they are revivified, Init have parted with a portion of their
vitality, and are no longer capable of self-rejiroduction ; hence in the second
season they only give rise to isolated or sporadic cases, and do not produce
an epidemic. It has been found by actual experience that those cities and
towns exposed to the disease, which are neglectful of sanitary laws, those
localities in towns which are the filthiest, and those individuals who are the
most Ciireles.s or indifferent in their moral and physical habits are the greatest
sufferers." It follows from the foregoing that while neglected streets, alleys,
and yards, and defective drains and sewers, vaults, sinks, and cess-pools,
rotten vegetable matter, or filth of any kind, can no more originate yellow
fever than they can .small-pox, yet their presence in the vicinity of human
habitations affords a richly-manured soil for the imported germ to arrive at
its fullest malignancy. The danger to a community cognizant of and having
a due regard for the well-Icnown laws of modern sanitation Ls reduced to a
minimum, that to one ignorant or indifferent to them is intensified to a max-
inmm. Dr. Hughes, of St. Louis, also contends for the germ theory and that
an atmosphere below 32° kills. Dr. Mitchell, of Memphis, and nearly the
whole corps of medical experts under him during the epidemic of 1878 took
the same view.
Dr. Ford, of St. Louis, believes, on the contrary, iii the principle of fer-
mentation— that yellow fever was existent in the form, of dry particles of
dust everywhere it had been once, but that the cold would repress their
activity — in that cold would render the j)erson less receptive, and his body
would not be in a condition to induce the fermentation of the dry dust. He
says that "a person might go into a cold climate with the dry dust or active
principle of yellow fever upon him, and while he remained in that cold climate
he would not be afflicted with the disease, but if he went to a warm, malarial
climate, he would be very apt to be stricken down. In other words, cold did
not kill the vitality of yellow fever, but simply repressed it." He, however,
admitted the efficacy of proper sanitary regulations to prevent a man's system
from getting into the condition necessary to fermentation of the particles.
22
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
Professor P. StiUe, of Mobile, diffei-s from all the preceding authorities,
and advances a novel theory to account fur the origin of yellow fever.
He attributes it to the Gulf Stream. Calling attention to the equable
atmospheric conditions of the tropical lands of both hemispheres, he says :
" Coming up the south-east, across the torrid zone, is an ocean current which,
where it sweeps around the north coast of South America, is called the Gui-
ana Current. It makes its way directly into the Gulf of Mexico, where it
takes the name of the Gulf Stream. After washing the smaller islands of
the West Indies, it forces itself with great strength through the narrow chan-
nel between Cuba and Yucatan, and rushes all around the shores of the gulf,
taking its turn toward the east, and quitting the land immediately after pass-
ing the southern point of Florida. Within the gulf its temperature stands
at from 85° to 89°, but soon after having passed Florida its temperature
goes suddenly down to 65°, and finally to 54° and 50°. Now, if we examine
every part of the sea we shall find no other spot where a warm current
washes the land at any thing like so high a temperature as is exhibited iu
the Gulf of Mexico. A goodly portion of the time the temperature of the
water stands entirely above that of the air, consequently a heavy mist is
taken up. In other words, the atmosphere is completely saturated with
moisture to such an extent as to render it too heavy to rise in obedience to
the usual laws governing evaporation, the high temperature of the land pre-
venting condensation. As a result, there lies upon the surface of the low
country a thin stratum of air so heavy and so damp as to tempt us strongly
into coining subaqueous as a designation by which to represent its condition.
For proof that such conditions do arise in all cases where the water stands at
a temperature higher than that of the air, we refer you to Fitch's F]iysical
Geographij, page 142 ; and for proof that they exist in the West India
Islands, see 'Humboldt's Island of Cuba, page 172. And here, in my humble
judgment, we have arrived at a knowledge of the main conditions necessary
to the propagation of the yellow fever: A stratum of atmosphere saturated
with moisture to such an extent as can only occur under like circumstances as
exist in the AVest Indies, and a tropical clime such as prevails there, and is
every now and then, as I contend, carried into regions far above its natural
lines. This thin stratum of heavy atmosphere is carried from the ocean
equator and thrown upon our shores from the gulf breezes, so called, but in
ordinary seasons the low temperature of the earth condenses the moisture per-
manently before it has passed far inland. In seasons like the present, how-
ever, when there have been two summers together, as it were, the earth with
us is too warm to admit of permanent condensation. A portion of the moist-
lu-e may fall as heavy as dew, but the I'ising temperature of the morning will
take it up again, and hence it will be carried on, wave after Avave, as it were,
until it has reached its final stopping point, possibly many degrees above the
shores of the Gulf of Mexico. The immediate agent Avorking in yellow fever
(be it living atom or fungus) is semi-aquatic in its nature, perhaps, and there-
fore always finds itself at home in this peculiar character of heavy and wet
atmosphere; hence it flourishes wherever a footing can be secured in it, and
A IIISTORY OF THE YF-LLOAV FEYKE.
23
fattens upnn iis liiiniaii victims the more the furtlier it gets from its luirsery
hed and fiids t'aem the less acclimated against its efll'cts. This heavy atinos-
l)hcre theory would cxphiiu why yellow fever is mainly confined to the low
grounds — in all cases waves of heavy atnicsphcre, like cuircnls of water, find
their ways through the depressions upon the sui-f;ice of the carlli. If our
Gulf breezes should drive them inland, they would very naturally I'oll uj) the
valleys of our rivers." Dowlcr quotes a similar theory advanced hy the Fac-
ulty of Paris, in 1G(J5, to account for the ravages of the black plague'- now
threatening the world in southern Eussia and norlliern Brazil. He savs:
"In France, the medical faculty of Paris assembled in order to find out the
causes and devise sanitary measures to arrest the progress of the e])idoniic.
The doctors, after due deliberation, in a solemn official manifesto, or medical
l>ull, decided in the most positive manner that the epidemic was 'owing to
the constellations which comliatted the rays cf the sun, and tlie warmth of
the lieavenly fire which struggled violently with the waters of the sea, origi-
nating a vapor in the great eastern sea of India, corrupted with fish, envelop-
ing itself with fog. Should the same thing continue not a man would be left
alive, except the grace of Christ preserve him. AVe are of opinion that the
constellations, with the aid of nature, strive, by virtue of tlieir divine right,
to protect and heal the hunuui race, and to this end, in union with the rays
of the sun, acting through the jiower of fire, endeavor to break through the
inist.' The faculty at the same time joredicted, in the most oracular manner,
the future movements of the aforesaid constellations: 'Accordingly, Avithin the
next ten days, until the 17th of the ensuing month of July, this mist will be
converted into a stinking, deleterious rain, whereby the air will be much pu-
rified. Now as soon as this rain announces itself by thunder or hail, every
one of you should protect yourself from the air; and rs well as after the rain,
kindle a large fire of vine wood, green laurel, wormwood, chamomile, etc.,
until the earth is again completely dry, and three days afterwards no one
ought to go about; only small river fish should be used; rain-water must be
avoided in cooking; bathing is most hurtful, and the least departure from
chastity fi.ital "'
Dr. Labadie, in his report of the epidemic of 1864, at Galveston, reviewing
the existing theories as to the origin and means of propagation of yellow fever,
rather favors the explosive theory. He says: "What causes the rise and prog-
ress of this disease is a question hard to answer. Some say it is caused hy a
mai-sh miasm, under an atmosphere of over 90° Faiireidieit. Others contend
that it is a pectdiar sul)tle poison that explodes in the air, like an inflam-
mable substance, communicates itself to certain points; and those who may
hajiiien to inhale or swallow more or less of it come under its influence after
a certain number of hours— to as long as twenty-four days — which, Avhen
exploded in the stomach, or is absorbed by the blood from the lungs, finds
its seat of infection in the stomach, which it first inflames to such a degree
as to cause those vi(.)lent pains witnessed ; leaving its impress there, it soon
* Which, Dowcll says, appears to resemble yellow fever in many respects.
24
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
leaves to do its work. The system becomes so depressed, so exhausted, that
all the muscular force is gone. The walls of the stomach, no longer pro-
tected bj the muscular fibres, a degree of relaxation follows; the capillary-
vessels relaxed soon bleed; this blood, mixing with a rank acid of the
stomach or bowels, they neutralize each other, hence chocolate-colored vomit ;
but if this blood meets a strong acid, it becomes black, and, perhaps, car-
bonizes at times in small particles, hence black vomit more or less profuse."
Dr. \Varren Stone, an authority held in as high esteem as any other, and
a physician whose name in New Orleans was, for more than thiity years,
as a houseliold word, in the course of a lecture, delivered in Bellevue Hos-
pital in the winter of 1867, sustained the wave or cycle tlieory, but as to
other points agreed with Dowler and Dowell. He says: "It is a disease
peculiar to warm latitudes, but its limits could not be defined by any
exact temperature or climatic conditions, for exceptions would frequently
occur to falsify any such restrictions. Nothing more definite can be said
than that it is a disease incident to warm climates, and induced by a pecu-
liar poison, totally intangible, and disconnected from any known causes of
disease. There is no combination of filth, no combination of circumstances
calculated to deteriorate healtli and excite typhoid or typhus fevers that
had any thing to do with the generation of yellow fever. This remark-
able fact is not generally known. Some Federal oflicers have taken credit
to themselves for keeping yellow fever out of New Oideans during their
occupation of tliat city; but it is a notorious fact that the city was not
cleaner then (1862) in the suburbs aud lower districts than it had often
been before. The weather happened to be cooler, and there was less rain ;
-but there was no material difference in any other respect. The city of
New Oi-leans had been exempt from the fever for some j^ears previously,
when there was no quarantine whatever. Yellow fever has existed upon
high and healthy latitudes, and proved as virulent there as in low regions.
The Magnolia ridge, back of New Orleans, is one of the healthiest regions
in the world, yet the yellow fever has proved quite as destructive there
as in less favored regions. Indeed, the disease has always been more
violent in the country', when it once j^revails there, than in cities. In
regard to the ietiology or causes of yellow fever, there has always been
much dispute. It has been a question whether it is imported or is of local
origin. It certainly has not been imported in ships. The epidemic influence
is wafted through the atmosphere in waves or cycles, and always made grad-
ual and regular ajiproaches ; so that in New Orleans we know when it is
coming by its prevalence in the islands of the gulf and places south of us.
In the year 1851 it began in Brazil, and after passing over the northern
part of South America and the West India Islands, it reached New Orleans
ni 1853. In 1855 it had traveled as far as Memphis, and was severe in
many of the interior towns. Its history in New Orleans the present year
is remarkable. It first appeared in a mild form, and in several places at
once, in the month of June, and, although the weather was favorable to
its spread, it did not increase in intensity, and only about nine cases
A HISTORY OF THE YELLO'W FEVER.
25
occurred per week. These cases evidently oriL^inated in the city. But
later in the season a fresh wave approached Iroin the direction of i\Iexico,
appearing in a violent form in Indianola, Galveston, and New Iberia, and,
lastly, iu New Orleans, where it appeared in a severe form and in increas-
ing ratio, although the weather was of the kind considered unfavorahle to
its propagation. This was the general history of the disease. It fixed
upon a place and ran its course, increasing in a definite ratio, declining in
the same way, and finally disappearing, but, lor the time boing, aflecting
all who were subject to attack and exposed to its influence. Debility and
other reasons render some persons more susceptible than otliers to the pecu-
liar poison; but this is the case with all diteases." Dr. P. V. .Schenck,
of St. Louis, in an exhaustive treatise, published during the epidemic of
1(S78, also upholds the wave theory. He says: "Yellow' fever is an infec-
tious disease, but it is neither miasmatic iior contagious. The poise n of
yellow fever is not generated in the human system ; it is generated exter-
nally; it attacks persons, and may be carried in vessels and trunks; lor tb.e
presence of the disease an imported germ, or descendant f)f an imported germ,
is necessary. The old discussions which have so long disturbed the profession
are at an end, and the mind will lie no longer swayed like a pendulum be-
yond the point of a stable equilibrium. Even when the Eoyal Academy
of ]\Iedicine were undergoing a lively debate; and when Dr. Chevrin was
on his six years' journey of investigation; and when Drs. Pym and Bryson,
of England, were quarreling over the facts in the Bann and Eclair cases;
Avhile the stupid Health Board of England were ti-ying to break down
quarantine ; while old Dr. Hosack, of this country, was venting his wrath on
those who believed in non-contagion, 'as juniors in knowledge and in years,
and as the unfledged opinion and speculations of men of the closet, who have
had but few ojsportunities to test them at the bedside,' — even then, if you
"will carefully examine the facts, you will find it to be impossible, out of the
many old epidemics, to affirm of any one of them that it had Ijeen intro-
duced by contagion. Bancroft has brought a mass of testimony and fact
upon this subject. Dr. Porter, w'ith his vessels, meets in mid-ocean with an
infected vessel: his officers and crew intermingle, and they leave unharmed.
A vessel lying at Havana, surrounded by infected vessels, in front of an
infected city, is unharmed. The fourteen men who went to New York from
Governor's Island, visited in the most thickly and filthy portions of that city;
nine of them died, yet none of the citizens took the disease — indeed, so far as
known, no case is on record in which a person having the disease in a pre-
viously healthy quarter, has become the starting point of a local epidemic.
In yell(jw fever we meet with a non-contagious disease; the living person,
though sick, will not propagate it — it is not re])roduced in his system; the
disease is of exotic origin, and, in order to become epidemic, it must be
carried by the wave. It has its periods of rest and of activity. It travels
three times as fast in tropical regions as it does higher up. It may hiber-
nate, and resume its march the summer following; it may take one-half of
a city this, and finish its work the next summer. It travels at the rate of
26
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FLVE?..
about forty feet a day. Dr. Stone used to compare its course and mode of
travel to a tax-collector — from house to house along a street before it diverges.
It is most active in its operations near the surface of the earth, attacking a
larger proportion of persons on the ground floor; it is more active at night
than in the day-time; it may attack a single block or district in a city, as,
for instance, in 1870, New Orleans suffered from yellow fever. It Mas con-
fined to a portion of the second district, twelve blocks by four. In 1872 it
was in the fourth district. In 1873 it appeared in all the districts in the
city, and was epidemic, but disinfectants so modified the disease that it did
not become a general epidemic, whilst higher up the river, Shreveport and
Memphis passed through the terrors of a fatal epidemic. In 1874, New
Orleans again escaped, while Pascagoula and Pensacola suffered. Walls may
stop the progress of yellow fever; as, for instance, the inmates of the cala-
boose in New Orleans generally escape; even a partition of boards may inter-
vene, as reported by Dr. Nott, from Governor's Island, in 1867. Dr. Parkes
says that in the West Indies it has re]3eatedly attacked a barrack, while no
other place on the island was affected. At Lisbon, Cadiz, and many other
j^laces, it has attacked only one side of a street. In the West Indies it has
repeatedly commenced in the same part of a barrack. It has been known to
attack every house in a neighborhood save one; to attack all the sailors in the
berths on one side of a man-of-war before reaching over on the opposite side."
Dr. W. A. McCully, of Independence, Mo. , a very intelligent physician, who
volunteered and was devoted to the work in Memphis in 1878, writes of his ex-
perience during that epidemic, and one that prevailed at Key West, Florida, in
1864, while he .was a surgeon of volunteers in the Federal army. It will be seen,
from what he says, that notwithstanding a strict quarantine, enforced by an ade-
quate military force, there were some seemingly spontaneous cases of fever in 1865.
He says : "In the winter of 1864 and 1865 stringent sanitary regulations were
enforced on the island of Key West and Fort Taylor. In March, 1865, a strict
quarantine was ordered by Brig. -Gen. John Newton, which I enforced with the
assistance of the army and navy. A number of cases occurred during the sum-
mer of that year, but all of a mild type, the mortality being but two per cent.
The local conditions were such that the germs could not propagate, and in my
opinion to them we must generally ascribe the malignancy of the disease. I
left Key West in 1866, and never saw yellow fever again until the recent epi-
demic at Memphis, Tenn. The disease there exhibited the same phenomena
as at Key West and Havana, except that it was frequently comi:)licated with
malarial fever. Patients sometimes would have intermittent fever precede,
and at others follow yellow fever. Relapses were more frequent. A failure
to treat the miasmatic complications was the cause of considerable mortality,
I thought, at Memphis. I made thirty autopsies at Key West, and a number
at Memphis, with almost identical results. The same lesions were observed
in all, modified by malaria, suppression of urine, or some other complication.
The observations made at these places lead me to the following conclusions :
" 1st. That yellow fever is produced by a specific germ.
"2d. That the impression on the individual organization is as specific as
A IIISTOKY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
27
that produced by typhoid or the eruptive fever, and protects it from subse-
quent attacks.
"3d. That race or acclimation affi)rds no protection against contractino- the
disease. Tliat the African race sutlered less with small mortality, while the white
race, especially tliose of sanguine temperament, suliered severely with heavy mor-
tality. Being accustomed to the climate certainly diminished the mortality.
"4th. That the germs propagate within and without the bodv; the spread
of the disease depending on cess-pools, sewers, filth and persfinal contact, tiie
temperature and other meteorological conditions being faYi)ral)le.
" 5. That a temperature below 70° is unfavoraljle to the ])ropagation of the
germs, and if continuous will destioy them.
"6. That where the temperature produces frost suflicient to exterminate the
germs it is probably a prevental)Ie disease by quarantine alone; but should it
l)e intioduced, its benign or malignant type will depend entirely upon the
sanitary condition of our villages, towns and cities.
"7. I believe the disease may be introduced into any part of our country
where there is a continuous daily temperature above 72° for two months."
The Commission of x\llopatliic Pliysicians* appointed l)y the Congressional
Committee to investigate and rej)ort upon the oiigin and causes of the yellow
lever epidemic of 1878, state that "the concurrence of local conditions favorable
to the evolution of the yellow fever poison seems to be necessary to the evolu-
tion of yellow fever epidemics; but, as to the nature of these favorable local con-
ditions, we have no positive knowledge. In a negative way, we know that yellow
fever often fails to swell into epidemic pievalence when high summer heat, at-
mospheric moisture, maish malaria, and abundant filth are all i)rcsent; so that
there must be some conditio sine qua mm other than any or all of these. The
discovery of this unknown factor in the generation of yellow fever epidemics
would be a great boon to humanity." Dr. P. V. Schenck, of St. Louis, who,
in a well-prepared paper — from which one quotation has already been made —
shows that 3X'llow fever has a home lacking in sanitary conditions; it mi-
grates ; it is carried in baggage and in the hold of ships, and by a wave
power; and that it requires humidity and a continuously high temperature.
But these are not causes. He says: "It is not generated by bilge- water; un-
sanitary conditions won't produce it. Constantinople has filth and the plague,
but no yellow fever ; India, heat and cholera, but no yellow fever. Heat
and humidity exist without the disease. Mauritius, in the Eastern, compared
with Jamaica in the Western, Seas, has a mean annual temperature (80°
Fahrenheit) almost the same ; the fluctuations and undulations are not ex-
cessive, and the humidity nearly the same. The rain-fall (sixty-six to seventy-
six inches) is similar; the geological formations not dissimilar. Yet, with all
these points of similarity, the diseases are very diflferent. At Jamaica the
"The following are the names of the gentlemen composing the Commission : John
M. Woodworth, M. D., President; Stanford E. Chaille, M. D., Secretary; S. M. Bemiss,
M. D. ; .Terome Cochran, M. D. ; M. S. Craft, M. D. ; Samuel A. Green, M. D. ; Thomas
S. Hardee, C. E. ; E. W. Mitchell, M. D.; Jacob S. Mosher, M. D.; W. H. Eandle, M. D. ;
Louis A. Fulligant, M. D. ; R. M. Swearingen, M. D.
28
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
yellow fever is often epidemic, at Mauritius it is u'.ikiiown. The ground is
not tenable, therefore, that has been t.iken by some of the most eminent
English practitioners in the West Indies, as well as prominent men, in this
country, that the yellow fever may be occasioned through the agency of a
tropical sun, independent of any other cause. Dr. Bryson, who has studied
this question, thinks that yellow fever is not a distinct disease, but only an
exaggerated bilious fever, and quotes the celebrated case of the ship Bann,
where there was no fever when they left — the first case was nothing but
malarial fever. The cases after this assumed the type of yellow fever, which
became so bad that they were compelled to abandon the cruise and go to As-
cension Island for relief. He also quotes the Leclair case ; and he accounts
for these cases, that the disease, owing to local cause, changed its type. Dr.
Fenner says that, in regard to yellow fever in New Orleans, the fevers there
are intermittent, remittent, and continued, alternating in type, and running
into each other. In summer and autumn they have a decided tendency to
crisis by hemorrhage; this makes yellow fever. Dr. Hanson has observed
that often malignant intermittent fevers precede the outbreaks of yellow fever
epidemics.* The cause of miasmatic diseases is a specific excitant of disease,
known as miasm, which propagates outside of, and is disconnected from, a pre-
viously diseased organism. But this disease does not occur, like marsh fevers,
at regular periods; it occurs where there is the least malaria; it avoids the
country, with its marshes, and seeks the city. In Charleston the people flee
to tlie marsh lands in order to avoid the disease. Others contend it is owing
to decomposing animal or vegetable matter; in other words, to an unsanitary
condition of our large cities. Under such circumstances the disease could be
produced at will, but we find that sanitary measures, in the ordinary accepta-
tion of the term, have no power to arrest an epidemic wave. Besides these
migrations of yellow fever have not occurred when the most unsanitary con-
ditions would tempt it. During the whole of the war of the Revolution, and
of the late war, when the military and naval operations on our coast, and the
communication with the West Indies, were greater than at any other time;
when, during the Revolution, large bodies of troops were accumulated in the
Antilles and landed in our country direct from there, and every circumstance
seemed combined that could generate and propagate disease, still during that
time yellow fever was a disease entirely unknown, and unknown at points where
it previously and has since prevailed with terrific force. When we state that
yellow fever will attack the healthy villages equally with the dirty alleys of
cities, the jialace with the hovel, do not understand that a person placed un-
der superior hygienic conditions is as liable to receive disease and that he will
not recover from it sooner than one otherwise placed. From the earliest cul-
tivation of medical science, certain states or conditions of the atmosphere
have been recognized as powerfully influencing the production of the cause of
disease. Hippocrates and Galen attributed to change in the air, though the
" This was the cause in Memphis in 1873 and ]878. In the first named year cholera
and small-pox also prevailed.
A IIISTOKY OF THE YELLOAV FEVER.
29
former speaks of unknown divine principle, to the operation of which lie
supposed pestilential diseases might he owing. Some attrihute to an electric
operation; others speak of the epidemic constitution of the air; othei's, to
some hidden or occult qualities derived from exhalations of the bowels oi' the
earth. But now these ideas are, since the discovery of germs, ^'ut down
among the curiosities of our literature."
The Homeopathic Commission, Avhose expenses were Itorne by that philan-
thropic lady, Mrs. Tiiompson, of New York— who also paid the expenses of
the Wood worth (or Allopathic) Commission — after some weeks of jiersonnl in-
vestigation at the princii)al points affected by the fever in 1873, mad-c a report
of fifty-six pages, which contains matter of great value, l)ut whicl) unfortu-
nately is interwoven with much of aggressive criticism of allopathic treatment
which, in tlie eyes of those at least who are attached to the old school, is re])re-
hensible especially in view of the importance of the subject under investioati(jn.
Treating of the causes of yellow fever this Homeopathic Commission * reports
that it is a specific disease, entirely independent of malaria, occurj'ing I'ai'cly
a second time in the same person, infectious and capable of transmission to
any distance by means of fomites or infected material. The yellow fever
germs — for we accept provisionally the germ theory of the disease — ai-e indige-
nous to the West Indies and perhaps to the west coast of Africa, and have been
thoroughly naturalized in many localities in the soutlicrn portion of the United
States. They -Avere imported into New Orleans during the last quarter of t!ie
eighteenth century, and have existed in tlie soil or atmosphere of that place
ever since, either in a latent or an active condition. They may lie dormant for
many years consecutively, and they require a concurrence of causes to develop
them into a state of disease-producing activity. Some of the factors which seem
to be favorable to the excitation of the yellow fever germ are the following ;
Low, swampy ground, near the level of a tropical sea.
Long continuance of very high temperature, following heavy rains.
Long continuance of south and east winds.
Aggregations of human beings with the excreta of their bodies in small
spaces. A crowded and dirty shiji may be a nidus for yellow fever, as well
as a crowded and dirty city.
Long continuance of calm weather, nnbroken by thunder-stoi'ms.
Exposure of decaying vegetable and aiiimal matter to a buiuing sun.
Inefficient drainage and the general accumulation of filth, especially the
city garbage.
Deficiency of ozone in the atmosphere.
Pestilential exhalations from an uj^turned soil.
*This Commission was composed of tlie following named gentlemen: AVm. H. Hol-
combe, ^I. D., of New Orleans, Chairman ; T. S. Verdi, M. D., of Washington City, Sec'y ;
Buslirod W. James, M. D., of Pliiladelphia, Penn.; W. L. Breyfogte, M. D., of Louis-
ville, Ky.; .J. P. Dake, M. D., of Nashville, Tenn.; E. H. Price, M. D., of Cliattnr,ooga,
Tenn.; F. 11. Orme, M. D., of Atlanta, Ga. ; L. A. Falligant, M. D., of Savannali, Ga.;
Ivucins I). ]\[orse, M. D., of Menipliis, Tenn.; W. J. Mnrreii, M. D., of Mobile, Alaljama;
Thomas J. Ilaipcr, M. D., of Vicksburg, Miss.
30
A HISTORY OF THE YELI.O"SV FEVER.
When the yellow fever germ hr.s been waked into activity by these causes,
it may be transported to places where none of them exist. It seems that a
certain concurrence of several of the above factors is necessary to the genera-
tion of yellow fever. There is probably one combination in one epidemic, and
a somewhat different combination in the next epidemic. An epidemic may
be mild or severe according to the number and force of the concurring causes.
There may also be other unknown but discoverable factors, which may be
necessary at one time to produce an epidemic and not necessary at another.
No one of the above suggested causes could excite an epidemic by itself, and
it is not probable that they all ever concurred equally to the formation of the
disease. The most extensive collections and comparison of facts are necessary
to illumine the very great darkness which lies upon these complex questions.
The naturalized yellow fever germs may receive so slight a stimulus as to
produce only a few sporadic cases. Or they may be vitalized in certain local-
ities to such a degree as to occasion quite an outbreak in those localities, not
easily communicated to other quarters. Or, thirdly, the disseminated germs
may be vivified in all directions, and a general epidemic excited. Or, lastly,
the naturalized germs may lie entirely quiescent until fresh and active germs
are brought in from foreign ports, which then act as sparks to ignite the in-
flammable material already existing. We thus have four shades or degrees
of yellow fever visitation : sporadic cases, local and limited outbursts, ejii-
demics from naturalized germs, and epidemics from importation. In sporadic
cases and limited outbreaks the specific nature of the fever is not clearly
brought to liglit, and it is sometimes difficult to diagnose it from the dominant
malarial or bilious diseases. The imported epidemic, whether from Havana
to New Orleans or from New Orleans to Memj^his, etc., etc., is always a more
quick-spreading and malignant disease than that arising from our naturalized
germs. The comparative mildness of the late epidemic in New Orleans is
one out of several reasons for believing that the disease was of local origin.
The yellow fever of domestic origin can only be prevented by local sanitary
measures. So long as the public authorities ignore the crying evils at home,
and watch only for the enemy at the sea-side, we shall continue to be scourged
with repeated epidemics of yellow fever. Quarantine may or may not keep
out the tropical foe, but our utmost energies should be concentrated against
the enemy which has been domiciliated in our households for nearly a century.
Is there any personal prophylactic against yellow fever? None whicb has
the least scientific value. Quinine is probably serviceable when malarial
fevers are simultaneously prevailing, not because it has any power against yel-
low fever, but because au attack of malarial fever, preventable by quinine,
might, if allowed to occur, precipitate an attack of yellow fever. Quinine
for intermittents, belladonna for scarlet fever, and vaccination for small-
pox, are the only ^prophylactics which have commanded even the partial
belief of the profession. They are all confessedly homeopathic in their ac-
tions ; and Ave confidently believe, if prophylactics for yellow fever, or any
other disease, exist, that they will be found only by study and experiment
in that direction. The poison of the rattlesnake jiroduces an artificial dis-
A HISTORY OF THE YET.T.OW FEVER.
31
ease bearing a reiiiarkuljle reseiubhiiu'e to yellow fever, and it lias proved
a remedy of considerable value in the malignant forms of that affection.
Lioculation with tin's poison was used extensively at Havana many years
ago, under the auspices of an erratic genius who, it is said, assumed the vener-
able name of Humboldt. The results are diHerontly stated by tlie friends and
enemies of the experiment, but, as the quantity inoculated was entirely too
great, and large doses of antidotal remedies were simultaneously adminis-
tered, it may be fairly presumed that such an experiment had no real scien-
tific value. Whether the poison, cautiously used, either hypodermically or
in small doses by the mouth, may not ju-oduce a substitutive disease, which,
for that season at least, might prevent an attack of yellow fever, is a (jues-
tion certain to command further consideration." It will thus be seen that
the liomeopathists do not bi'lieve in prophylactics, as little do the allo-
pathists, who have had a wider and nun-e extended experience with the
fever. Beyond the reach of successful contradiction, it may be asserted
that there is no known preventive of yellow fever. This has been proven
in every epidemic ; but especially in the last, that of 1878 in INIemphis,
and so, strongly as to set tiie question at rest forever. Those who re-
sorted to lime-water, to sulphur in the boots, shoes or stockings, to sulphur
and gin, to regulated quantities of gin, to liver-pads, to garlic, to onions,
to quinine, to cathartic \nlh, caloniel, chlorinated lime, or any thing else,
invariably ^iroved easy victims, and died rapidly. The system Avas, by
means of these poisons — for such they proved — either diseased or depleted;
every additional dose or every additional eflbrt only increasing or intensify-
ing the fear which induces a resort to prophylactics. One case of many
such within the authoi-'s knowledge may be mentioned. It was that of a
man who ordinarily enjoyed good health, who left the city at the outset of
the fever, but returned for the purpose of transacting some business. By
the time this was accomplished, shot-gun quarantines were established, and
he was compelled to remain. Demoralized by this enforced imprisonment
in the doomed city, he had recourse to garlic and onions, which he used
three times each day; and to sulphur, which he used in his stockings; and
to sul2:)hur and gin, of which he drank as his fears prompted. He was
taken with the fever and died on the fourth day. All the physicians of
experience advised against prophylactics, though there were not wanting a
few of the faculty who had a pet preventive. Dr. Luke P. Blackburn, writ-
ing of his experiences in Hickman, in 1878, says that "those who had been
taking quinine as a preventive also fell an easy prey. Quinine was an
irritant, and usually opened the system to the attack of the disease. In
my opinion much of the mortality of Memphis, CJrenada, and other cities
was due to the extravagant use of quinine and the saturation of the air
with carbolic acid. Instead of the latter assisting in the suppression of the
disease, it but increased the effect of the poison and made the fever more
deadly. Those who had escaped easiest were those who lived temperately,
were not frightened, and did not take ' i)reventives' too often recommended."
A clergyman, who writes as if he had had some experience, says what every
3
32
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
sensible layman as Avell as physician must endorse, as follows: "For indi-
viduals who are obliged to remain in an infected locality, there is no pre-
ventive so effectual as keeping the system in a general state of good health.
Let a man breathe fresh air as much as possible, eat nutritious food mod-
erately and regularly, take plenty of sleep at seasonable hours, bathe freely,
and above all avoid the use of stimulants; by so doing he will reduce the
danger to a minimum and be likely to escape, -while strong men of irreg-
ular habits are stricken down by his side. An equable mind, Avhich comes
of a firm trust in God and an implicit reliance on His providence, is not the
least valuable ijreventive of this as of every other disease."
II.
Spoeadic or epidemic yellow fever is not alwaj's to be attributed, to the
same causes, notwithstanding Dr. Dowell, of Galveston, says that in nineteen
cases out of twenty it will be found to have been introduced or imported. Dr.
Bennett Dewier, in his excellent pamphlet, "The Epidemic in New Orleans,"
tells of an outbreak of it in Gallipolis, Ohio, in 1796, which killed one-
half the army and the inliabitants in ten days. This place, which also sufiered
in 1878, was at that time a new settlement, quite in the wilderness, and
isolated from all others, having communication with the Atlantic cities only
at long intervals and under favoring conditions of Aveather and of roads.
Mr. A. Elliott, in his journal of a voyage down the Ohio in that year,
referred to in the report of the surgeon-general of the army, says the dis-
ease raged violently, the fatal cases being generally attended Avith black
vomit. "The fever," he says, "could not have been taken there from the
Atlantic States, as my boat was the first that descended the river in the spring.
Neither could it have been taken from New Orleans, as there is no com-
munication up the river at that season of the year." In the fall of 1823,
yellow fever of a high grade suddenly appeared at Fort Smith, Arkansas, and
prevailed epidemically, without so much as a suspicion of exposure to conta-
gion, according to the official report on file in the ofBce of the surgeon-general
of the army. The theory here suggested, that this disease, if not localized or
indigenous to this country, may originate under favoring conditions, is borne
out to some extent by a tabulated statement furnished in an article that ap-
jDeared in De Boiv's Review for December, 1853, immediately after what was,
until last year's experience in Memphis, considered the most dreadful of its
visitations in this country. The table shows the number of cases and deaths,
from the year 1822 to 1849, inclusive, which occun'ed in the Charity Hospital.
The figures are perfectly authentic, having been taken from the official rec-
ords. These figures bear very significantly upon the proposition with Avhich
the writer prefaces his remarks, to wit: "That the yellow fever originates here,
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
33
no instance of its ever having been imported being as yet well proved." The
table, be it understood, represents only the cases and deaths at the Charity
Hospital for the years resi^ectivcly mentioned:
TOTAL CASES. DEATHS.
YEARS.
TOT.\L CASES.
DEATrrs.
182'2*
337
239
i COD • ,
6
5
1823
1
1
1837* .
993
442
1824
167
108
1838
22
17
1825
99
49
1839* .
1,086
453
1820
24
5
1840
3
3
1827
372
109
1841* .
1,114
425
594
1828
290
130
1842* .
211
1829
436
215
1843* .
1,086
487
1830
256
117
1844* .
109
83
1831
3
2
1845
1
0
1832* .
18
26
1846
146
96
1833® .
422
210
1847* .
2,479
895
1834® .
150
95
1848* .
1,226
1 ,055
420
1835* .
505
284
1849
545
Total,
. 12,913
6,332
It thus appears that during these twenty-eight years there were thirteen epi-
demics in New Orleans, and at least five other seasons of heavy mortality from
yellow fever when it did not please the authorities to declare an epidemic. It
will be seen that there was not a single year in which the yellow fever did not
appear at the Charity Hospital, and that the average number of deaths annu-
ally from that cause was more than 200. The author of this article in De Bow
argues from the statistics of the year 1853, and from those of all the preceding
years as far back as 1822, that the yellow fever is indigenous to New Orleans,
and that it depends ujion j^urely local conditions from year to year wdiether or
not it will become epidemic. All accounts agree — and he quotes copiously fi-om
the contemporaneous jwess — that the sanitary conditions in 1853 were unusually
and unprecedentedly bad ; that at no time within the memory of man had the
streets been as filthy and the policing of the city as negligently and criminally
mismanaged. To these causes is attributed the frightful mortality of 1853 as
comjiared with other years. Strengthening these conclusions, Dr. Simonds, of
New Orleans, declared (and gave the figures to prove) that the yellow fever
was treated in the Charity Hospital every year for thirty years, up to 1849.
"So," as Dowler says, "that the stream of yellow fever, with whatsoever of
contagion it may possess, is uninterrupted, no year having been wholly ex-
empt in this institution, not to name the city at large." The commission
appointed by the Board of Health of New Orleans, in 1853, to inquire into
the origin, propagation, or mode of transmission of the then late ejjidemic
of yellow fever, — sew-erage, quarantine, and the sanitary condition of that
city, — after a long and laborious investigation, reached the same conclusion.
They say "that yellow^ fever is not a disease personally contagious; that its
infectious properties are only communicable in a foul or infectious atmosphere;
that is, that a foul vessel or individual with the disease will only propagate it
under atmosjiherical and local conditions similar to that which furnished its na-
* The years marked (*) are those in which the fever was declared epidemic.
34
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOV/ FEVER,
tivity. That although vitiated or infectious air may be conveyed in goods and
in various ways to distant places, ventilation speedily dissipates it; and that
if disease results, where it is much concentrated, or with very susceptible in-
dividuals, it extends no farther, except under the conditions above specified.*
But further than this, the commission — after most careful scrutiny into the
actual occurrences of the first irruption of the fever, its spread, the character
of its localization, the persons most liable and suffering, from whatever class
and country — have converted presumptive proof into positive certainty, that
the fever originated with us; that its fatal malignity and spread were justly
attributable to a very remarkable concurrence and combination of atmos-
pheric and terrine causes, alwa) s particulaily fatal to human health and life."
Dowler strengthens this indigenous theory by the citation of another instance
of epidemic yellow fever which could not otherwise be accounted f )r. It occurred
in 1797, at New Design, a small town fifteen miles from the Mississijipi River
and twenty from St. Louis. It carried off* one-fourth of the inhabitants. Not
even one person had visited the place from places where the fever prevailed.
Still another instance is furnished hy the same distinguished author. He says
*Dr. Drake, of Nasliville, at a meeting of the Davidson County Medical Society, on
the lotli of March, of this year, 1879, in a speecli worthy of the subject and of the dis-
tinguished body before whicli it was made, sustains the position taken hy the New Orleans
Commission of 1853, and fortifies it by facts as follows: " Tlie testimony of Dr. Wilkes and
others suggest some very important deductions. Dr. Webb returned from Memphis [in
1878] to his home carrying the germs of yellow fever about his clothing. His wife and chil-
dren took the disease and died, and yet he escaped. How was this ? His duties kept
him in the open air, more or less, while the female inmates of his family were more or
less confined to the house, where the germs found a lodgment from his cast-off clothing.
In this room the poison evidently existed in the greatest quantity; and the constant oc-
cupants were the first to suflfer. At Jackson, a gentleman who had been to Memphis [IS7S]
hung up his clothes in a wardrobe, the weather being warm. After several days his wife
opened the door and took tlie garments out. We would suppose that in a close, hot room
the poison would multiply itself in this time until the air would be heavy with it; and
so it seemed in this case, for the lady took the yellow fever and died, followed in due
time by the rest of the family. Why was not the importer of the disease the first to take
it ? He had the germs with him most certainly. Evidently, the poisoned atmosphere
around him while cn route was too much diluted by fresh air to affect him beyond his
poweis of ordinary resistance. The inmates of his house were differently situated; con-
fined in-doors, they breathed the poisoned atmosphere generated in unwholesome quanti-
ties, and so were the first victims, while his habits led him out into the open air, and lie
only took the disease when he was confined at home ministering to the sick. Again: the
inhabitants of the tents in the neighborhood of Memphis principally escaped for the same
reason, namely, that they were not exposed to an atmosphere sufficiently charged with
the poison to produce morbific effects. This seems to be the only solution; for, if the
active malific cause was general in its operations — atmospheric, and not specific — then
those people would surely have suffered and died as they did at the city a few miles
away. So it seems, from all this, that the danger from yellow fever grows in proportion
to the stagnation and confinement of the air in a given quarter. Infected rooms become
dangerous in proportion to the want of ventilation; and cellars, for obvious reasons,
would be charged to saturation. The holds of vessels und the apartments of freight cars
would become particularly dangerous."
A mSTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
35
that e.irly in tlie siiinnier of 1800, " the tlien luteiidant of Cul)a, El Sr. Don
Pablo Valieiite, chartered the sliip Dolphin to take himself, familj', and suite
to Sixain, touched at Charleston, and, having anchored in the Bay of Cadiz, he
■vveut ashore with his party two days after, on the 8th of July. A month later
the yellow fever appeared in Cadiz; whci-eupon Yaliente was arrested upon a
criminal charge, for having impoited yellow fever contagion fi'om Havana and
Charleston. The former he left in ]\Iay, the latter he touched at on June 2d,
and left eight days after. At neither place was there any yellow fever. No
yellow fever appeared on board of the Dolphin during the voyage, though three
of the sailors had died. The Intendaut, after eleven months' imprisonment,
was acquitted at Seville, and was afterwards promoted by the government,
probably as a compensation lor his wrongs." Another case is that of the vis-
itation in Philadelphia, in 1853, which was attributed to the bark Maiularin,
which had arrived from Cienfuego. An investigation by Dr. W. Jewell, of the
College of Physicians, resulted in the declaration that — " 1st, No disease of a
malignant type prevailed in the city previous to the arrival of the Mandarin;
2d, That none of the seamen of the Mandarin sickened ; 3d, That none of the
laborers employed in unloading the Mumlarin had taken the disease; . . . .
6th, That in no case has the disease been coin niunica ted to any person visiting
or engaged iu attendance upon the sick ; and, 7th, That not a single instance
can be met with having its origin to the south of where the Mandarin lay last."
Dr. Heustis — in his work on Ejiidemic Fevers, published at Cahawba, Alabama,
in 1825 — in his account of the epidemic in Pensacola, in 1822, offers additional
testimony in the same direction. He .says: "It was pretended by the advo-
cates of imported contagion that the fever was brought in a vessel which arrived
from New Orleans about the beginning of August. The captain of this vessel
was among the first that sickened and died of the malignant fever, and this after
his arrival in Pensacola The opinion of one of the most respectable
physicians in Pensacola was, that the disease originated entirely from local
causes. Such, al.«<j, was the conviction of tlie Board of Health." Dowell, on
page 1.9 of his Yellow Fever, although favoring quarantine, says: "Yellow fever
occasionally leaves its habitual, assumes a migratory character, traveling over
great extents of country, not ini'requently breaking through the most rigid quar-
antine. But in these migrations it seems to have a prescribed course, along
which it paj^s no respect to any impediments placed in its way; but places in
its line of travel [as in 1878] are often protected bv non-intercourse, and hence
the importance of quarantine." Quoting from such high authorities as Doctors
Warren Stone, J. C. Nott, Hunt, Jones, Fenner, and Bennett Dowlcr, Dr.
Dowell continues: "These great migi-ating epidemics revolve in a wave, hurl-
ing their terriljle influence in a great and sometimes very extended area, often
continuing their march during successive years — as the one which coninienced
in Rio Janeiro, in 1850, and culminated its devastating course at Norf ilk, in
185C), putting to flight all tlieories about local origin and the protections of
sanitary cordons or quarantine restrictions." Illustrating the irresistible force
with which these great yellow fever epidemics sweep over the country, the
following is cojjied from Dr. Bennett Dowler, j^erhaj^s the first among med-
36
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEK.
ical authorities ou yellow fever. He says: "The geographical area of yellow
fever ia 1853, as compared with former invasions, was greatly extended, in-
cluding Florida, Alahama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas. Six
States of the Union* — a vast territorial expansion of alluvial, diluvial, and
tertiary formations ; valleys, dry prairies, elevated plateaus, irregular terraces,
low undulating hills, bluiis, and pine woods, interspersed with bayous, lakes,
shallow basins, shaking prairies, large bays, dense cypress swamjis, cane-
brakes, colossal grasses, inundated plains — a vast region, undisturbed by vol-
canic action, where the geological or telluric causes of disease, if such be really
regarded as causes, must be nearly uniform. Of these States, five are washed
by the almost tideless Gulf of Mexico, presenting a vast, depressed, marshy,
sandy, shelly, rockless literal, which covers from the Rio del Norte to the
peninsula of Florida, deejaly indenting the Temperate, yet approaching the
Torrid Zone ; having low, outlying islands in front and numerous great rivers
flowing through the background ; bringing detrital matter from the high lands
and primitive formations of several mountain chains, with tertiary limestone
and coral reefs trending along its eastern portion upon the Floridian peninsula."
The British report on yellow fever and quarantine of 1852 enumerates ninety-
six towns and villages of Spain wherein yellow fever has prevailed in this cen-
tury, many of them far inland, high, dry, rocky, and hilly, and among the
mountains; as, for instance, Gibraltar, where it has prevailed fatally. Ben-
nett Dowler also mentions the fact that the yelloAV fever prevailed in Tam-
pico and Vera Cruz in 1846, '7, '8, and in New Orleans in 1847; and that,
though a large proportion of the American army, going to and returning
from the Mexican war, passed through those places, they did not contract
or spread the disease, nor did it prevail among the American shipping. Dr.
T. J. Heard, of Galveston, who has treated yellow fever, and is one of the
most eminent physicians of that city, says that from the " year 1839 to
1853 he had no reason to believe in the communicableness of the disease,
either by infection or contagion. In 1853, however, Mr. B. E. Eucker,
Postmaster at Washington, on the Brazos River, was taken down with the
fever. Washington at that time was a distributing point for the sur-
rounding country, and the Galveston and Houston mails came to the town
at night, Avhen Mr. Eucker would open them. Yellow fever was at that
time raging in both Galveston and Houston, and Mr. Eucker undoubtedly
caught the disease from infected mail-bags, f He conveyed the disease to
his family, but further than this it did not spread. About the mid-
dle of October, 1853, Mr. Eichard Niblett, now of Brenham, owned a
drinking saloon in Washington. He received his ice from Houston every
night, and opened it personally. He had a most violent attack of fever.
"In 1878 it was confined to eight States (embracing five of the above six): Kentucky,
Tennessee, Alabama, Missouri, Ohio, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Louisiana.
tTlie postmaster at Covington, Tenn., was the only person there who had the fever in
1878. He died. He received a heavy mail that had been detained at the ISfemphis oflSce
for some time, opened it, and from it inhaled the poison which in three days killed him.
A HISTOEY OF THE YELLOV.' FEVEE.
37
About the last of the same moiitli, Joseph Brooks and wife, of Navascta,
had the fever in New Orleans and came to Washington, stopping at the
house of a Mr. Hurse, in the suburbs of the city. Mr. Huise, his Avife,
and two children, caught the fever and died. In 18G3, about October 1, a
man from Orange came to Houston with his wile and stoj^ied at a house
near Kennedy's mill. When Dr. Heard arrived the man was dead, and
his wife lay dying of yellow fever. The disease extended in the immediate
neighborhood, and took a direct course along Buflalo Baycu, following the di-
rection of the i^revailing wind. About Decendier 1, 1864, Mrs. Vincent, sis-
ter of ex-Lieut. -Gov. Henderson, fled from Houston on account of the yellow
fever. A negro left behind took the disease, and, as there was a great lack
of blankets, au old carpet was used instead. On his recovery the carpet
was stowed away in the garret. Six weeks afterward IMrs. Vincent returned,
and, going into the garret, took the carpet out to air it. Four days after
this she had a most violent attack." The Katdwz Democnd published the
statement, during the epidemic of 1878, that the year 1819 was distin-
guished by the prevalence of a remarkably malignant type of yellow fever:
"The weather was generally hot and sultry, and there were few and light
showei-s of rain. Unlike its usual course, the fever did not spread, but
broke out in widely difierent localities at one and the same time, raging on
the same day in Boston and New Orleans. The 2">estileuce ascended the
southern rivci-s, attacking not only the large cities, but extending also into
the countr}\ . . . Of the southern cities Natchez was the greatest sufferer.
A destructive flood had lliat j-ear swept over the lower town and surrounding
countr^^ and when the watei-s sid)sided they left the usual amount of sedi-
ment and debris, covering hundreds of acres. This was not removed, and
the heated rays of the sun i-eiidered it a putrid mass of infected matter. Be-
sides, the streets weie overflowed and the cellars filled w ith water. Early in
July intermittent and remittent fevers began to prevail, which gradually as-
sumed a malignant tyjie. By September yellow fever was fully developed,
and Ijecame so general and so deadly that as many of the population as
possibly could fled, and only nine hundred and ten remained to take their
chances. The pxir were removed to a more healthy locality, and cared for
at the city's exj.ense. Those wlio remained suilercd terribly, and, as was the
case with the epiJemie of 1878, no class escaj)ed. Many domestic animals
were infected with th.e disease and died, and even the wild deer in the adja-
cent forests are said to l.ave died from it." Dr. Labadie, of Galveston, says:
" . . . Tiiat it takes its origin amnng-st us, I believe that all old settlers will
agree with me; hence quarantine laws and regulations must always iDecome a
dead letter. Our city Fathers did once pass a cpiarantine law, and built a
hospital on Mosquito Island, now Fort Point. By day ar.d by night they
had men and drays clearing yards, alleys, etc. Every blade of grass Avas
pulled up. Never Avas a town more clean aiid nice. Whilst Ave Avere com-
forting oui-selves in our happiness and certainty in our supposed security, and
no steamship to arrive, as they had left for the North to be repaired, aud no
arriA-ak from New Orleans or any other port, a serA'aut, a German girl, in the
38
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
employ of W. J. Berlocher, living on the strand, was taken sick and died
■\vith the black vomit before any one was aware of her real disease. She
was a stranger, had not been out of the house for weeks, and had only been
about four months at this place from Germany. About that time many were
taken sick, and it went on increasing. The poison had inflamed all strangers
and the atmosphere: our quarantine had become a dead letter. It spread out
rapidly, destroying about 400 lives before i'rcst put an end to its eflects. A
few years ago it bi'oke out in one house on Tremont Street, and, before three
days had p:issed, two deaths were reported. On the following day seven new
cases were reported, and it went on as usual, doing its Avork of death. There
had been no communication within two weeks previous. The first victims
had been living here only a few months. It carried many natives to their
long home as Avell as 300 unacclimated persons. It is believed that yellow
fever can not be personally communicated : it must be inhaled : it is an
atmospheric poison. If so, the strong gulf wir.ds that visit us at this
season seem to be unable to blow it away. If it proceeds from the soil,
we have seen the waters of the gulf rise and wash over a great portion of
our town to the bay ; much rain has fallen upon cur streets and yards, fill-
ing every sink, washing the Avhole surface of the soil as clean as sand coidd
be washed, yet the disease pi'ogressed in its direful work steadily, as if neither
winds, thunder and lightning, overflows or rains, had visited us at all. It is
attached to the sills and under-floors of our houses (perhaps so, in a shape
most imperceptible to the eye). This matter or animalculse may be carried
from place to place in goods, clothing, packages, etc., and, finding a suitable
atmospheric pressure, may easily multiply or propagate itself in the air. So
it may go on increasing, advancing slowly from place to place, even con-
trary to strong currents of wind, and harbor in particular places to increase.
In this belief quarantine regulations may be of service. This animalculis
matter, or subtle poison, once inhaled, may be some days in the stomach or
linings before it takes effect on the sj'stem ; hence a person may travel many
days before he is taken sick. It matters little Avhere he goes, it will do its
work sooner or later. I have read of cases of black vomit in Chicago being
traced to New Orleans. I have seen cases in St. Louis of twenty-four days
from New Orleans — in 1828; some often twenty days from that infected port
die of black vomit. To see new cases of yelloAV fever ten, and even twenty,
days after the appearance of a white frost, sustains me in the opinion that it
is not possible to know who has inhaled or Avho has not inhaled the poison on
leaving an infected place: and who can tell when this poison Avas inhaled? I
dare say it Avill be difficult to contract the disease twentA' days after a white
frost. Doubtless, a frost does destroy this matter, or this subtle poison, yet many
times this mysterious and awful disease comes and goes Ave know not how. ... *
For many years my thermometer has stood from 90 to 100°, j et no yellow
* In Alexandria, La., the lieavy frosts of October and November, 1853, had no appre-
ciable effect upon it. The epidemic, wluch almost decimated that town, went on to its
limit of life regaidlcs.s of conditions.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
39
fever appeared among us. Wlieii writers say it requires a heat of 90° or
upward to produce the poison, there must be other conditions in the atmos-
phere to iDriiig it about, or to cause tliis matter to hatch and nndtiply. Does
it not require a peculiar state and exposure to the atmosphere to cause Aveevil
to breed in a grain of corn or in a barrel of flour? Some years these are
more in number than usual. If it is in the air or atmosphere, has it a cen-
ter to hold itself? can not the strong gulf winds that we have blow it away?
We know they have uo influence oyer it whateyer. Tiie present epidemic
has passed away from us without a frost, yet we witness no peculiar change
in the season from any other It has appeared for several years in
succession after hard frosts and winters ; it has followed or continued its
deadly march after very, mild winters; hence, we haye no possible means
of telling what portion of the South will be exempt. It comes without giv-
ing warning, and we only know it is among us by seyeral cases being taken
down within a week, and by its unmistakal)le marks on the body after death,
and by black yomit." Dr. J. M. Reuss, accounting for the e])idemic of In-
dianola, Texas, in 18C7, says the feyer was introduced by a pair of second-
hand blankets,* sold by some 2:)ersons connected with a small craft which had
ari'iyed from Vera Cruz, where it was raging a few days before the 20th of
June. Two young men, avIio had only examined these blankets, vere at-
tacked, and one of them died of black vomit. A negro woman, who nursed
one of them, also died of well-maiked yellow fever. A lad}^ from New Orleans,
where the fever also raged, vas taken sick at the hotel, and is supposed to
haye been another medium for its spread. Besides, as was the case in ]\Iem-
phis in 1873 and 1878, feyer of a continued and dangerous form j^reyailed,
which confused the physicians. Dr. Reuss says he himself had several cases
of feyer of a more malignant type than the common climatic feyers of that
region. The first death occurred on the 24th of June, and in less than a
Aveek the whole business part of the town was struck down as by lightning,
there being by that time between 125 and 150 cases, out of a population of
1,000. It reached its acme in two weeks, and lingered in the suburbs for
oyer a month. The poison was most fatal at night, and generally took hold
of nurses and doctors when it reached their places of residence. Dr. S. W.
Welsh, of Galyeston, traces the origin of the epidemic in that city in 1867
to a young German, who arrlyed from Indianola on the 28th, and to a per-
Dr. Jacob S. West, of Texas, cites two cases where the yellow fever was introduced
by sacks of cofiec. ISoth occurred in 18(57. At Liberty, Texas, a sack of coffee landed
two miles from the town, from the steamboat Ruthven, wliich, coming from Galveston,
■was refused permission to land at the town. This sack of cotTee was taken to Liberty on
a drav, through an atmosphere, up to that time, perfectly healthy; but all who shared
the coffee were taken with yellow fever, which spread with disastrous effects. The second
case was that of a sack of coffee hauled fifteen miles iu an open wagon, from Corpus
Christi, where the fever prevailed, to a point near Meansville, where it was divided
among the pui-chasers. Not one of these escaped ; all of them were seized with yellow
fever, and many of them died. But those who did not so share were, singularly enough,
exempt. The conditions necessary to its .spread were not there.
40
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
SOU who arrived on the 22d from New Orleans. In a few days the fever had
complete i^ossession of about a square mile of the city, "while," he says, "its
origin would not seem to be connected with any particular meteorological con-
ditions adequate to account for the disease, it is unquestionably true that the
climatic conditions were highly favorable to its spread, given a starting point.
The month of May Avas temperate, showery, pleasant, and remarkably exempt
from all febrile diseases; nor was there anf thing to be observed in the type
of diseases to foreshadow yellow fever. June, however, was a month of un-
interrupted hot weather, the thermometer ranging daily from 85° to 90,°,
with a breezeless and stifling atmosphere. Toward the close of the month,
from the 20th of June to the 5th of July, a period of two weeks, there was
heavy falls of rain daily, literally floodiug the streets, and accompanied by
unusual electrical phenomenon. In the intervals the sun shone brightly and
with intense heat. The city was in good sanitary condition, and every pre-
caution taken, and every thing had been done by the authorities that could
Avard off the dreadful visitation. Notwithstanding this, by the end of July
the fever prevailed epidemically. It spreard to Houston and to all the
towns on the Central Railroad, committing ravages far beyond decimation.
The popular and oft-expressed belief that a frost was absolutely required to
put an end to — to arrest and extinguish — an epidemic of yellow fever, Avas
falsified by the events of this season. There Avas, up to the 8th of Janu-
ary, more than tAvo months after the cessation of the epidemic, no frost, no
freeze, and only a few days of cool north Avind. YelloAV fcA'er obeys, I am
l^ersuaded, certain laws, as fixed and immutable as those Avhich goA^ern the
groAvth, development, and decay of organized matter. In the execution
of such laws, the rise and fall of the thermometer can exert only a limited
and temporary influence, can only retard and hasten the march of epidem-
ics. Look to Havana, Vera Cruz, and other localities Avhere yellow fever
is indigenous, and Avhere the temperature ncA-er falls to the freezing point,
and yet in those cities the disease, after having run its course, obeys the
laAVS Avhich must everywhere control it, subsides, and finally disappears in
the latter part of summer or first of autumn, to return Avith rencAved viru-
lence the succeeding spring, and run its destined course and subside as before."
Dr. Welsh, concluding his report, extended so as to cover all the points
in Texas attacked in 1867, says: "The remarkable uniformity in all the
reports from all parts of the epidemic district, as respects the range of tem-
perature, Avinds, and rains, must have arrested the attention of the reader.
The Avinds Avere, with few exceptions, from the north, north-east, and south-
Avest. The Aviud from these quarters during the summer months are not
Avhat are knoAvn as northers proper, Avhich are, as a rule, associated Avith a
low range of temperature, and blow Avith great force continuously for tAVO
or three days, and are very dry, having been Avrung of their moisture in
their course over the high range of mountains between Texas and the
Pacific ; but are mere puffs alternating Avith dead calms, the temperature be-
ing at the same time extraordinarily high, and the atmosphere saturated
Avith moisture. Singular influences clearly obtained throughout all the region
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
41
of the State denominated the epidemic district There seems to
1)6 but one opinion, so far as I have l)een able to extend my inquiries,
as respects the putrid state of the atmosphere in all the localities attacked
hy the fever. The odor, which was broadcast in the atmosphere of the cities
and towns where the epidemic raged, Avas offensive in the extreme. This
is an odor so peculiar as that, to be appreciated, it must be experienced.
It is not confined to houses, but often pervades the atmosphere of certain
districts of the infected locality, where it most seemingly c(jnccntrated ; then
a larger proportion of the susceptible are attacked and the disease is most
malignant. Is this one of the sensible properties of yeIIov> fever poison, or
does the poison determine certain chemical laws with an atmosphere reeking
with almost every imaginable impurity consequent on active dccDmposition
and exhalation of animal and vegetable matter, tliat result in the produc-
tion of this odor ? Is this the subtle and mysterious intluence which, while
it casts a death-like torpor over the vaso-nervous system, determines the
most intense hypenesthesia of the nerves of common sensation ? Time and
future observation must resolve the problem. I infer a relatively small
amount of ozone to exist in such an atmosphere." Dr. R. H. Harrison, in
his account of the epidemic at Columbus, Texas, in 1873, says: "The
health of the town was much worse than usual. During June, July, and
August the Avind was steady from the south, sweeping whatever of malarial
or other poison might have been developed along the river away from the
town. Intermittent, remittent, and bilious fevers prevailed, with nothing
unusual to mark their course. In one or two instances there was a marked
hemorrhagic tendency. One such case ended in black vomit. Cases after
this continued to multiply, aggravating, perhaps, the cause of the visitation.
The low lands near the river had been overflowed four or five times between
the months of April and Xovember. One of these, occurring about the 25th of
August, was remarkable for the enormous quantity of dead fish which floated
down stream. The column of floating putridity was scarcely l)roken for two
days and nights, and, the current being strong, the quantity which passed is
altogether beyond computation. Occasionally they were floated away from
the main current and lodged in the drift-wood of the overflowed land, where,
coated with a thin sediment from the midday flood, vast quantities of them
■were left to swelter and decay. The source from whence they came and
the cause of their death are questions that, up to the present time, have
defied scrutiny. On the 2d of October the last of these (Overflows occurred.
The weather was hot and sultry, and although there was no dead fish to
be seen in the turbid waters, the stencli from it was intolerably nauseating —
the odor of rotting fish and weeds comliined. Occasionally the skeleton of
a fish with fragments of flesh in an advanced state of decomposition might
be seen floating just beneath the surface. Otlier carcasses were also floating
down the muddy torrent in abundance, some in advanced states of decompo-
sition, and others but recently dead. The condition of aflliirs was now cal-
culated to excite the most alarming apprehensions in all reflecting minds.
Surrounded by a flood of filthy, stinking waters; the streets and vacant lots
42
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
of the town covered with a rank growth of matured weeds, which were
falling down and rotting rapidly under the influence of repeated rains and
a high temperature; numbers of carcasses of dead hogs and dogs were found
decaying in various parts of the town; privies were unpoliced; and, to aggra-
vate this multitude of evils, a city government that, whenever it was
addressed upon the subject of a sanitary police, insisted upon establishing
quarantine against some 2)lace that it imagined had yellow fever. And, as if
intent to precipitate us into an epidemic, at this juncture this government
passed an ordinance requiring the hogs, our only scavengers, to be removed
from the streets, thus leaving the offal from our kitchens to add its noisome
effluvia to the mass already on hand. The result is not difficult to imagine.
While the city government continued from time to time to adopt quarantine
ordinances, the health of the town grew gradually worse, the number of cases
increased, and the attacks were more A'iolent, frequently terminating on the
seventh or ninth day. By the 7th of October every member of the faculty
was busy, and, by the 18th, yellow fever was announced, and the usual de-
moralization of the whole population set in. Calvert was prepared for the
yellow fever in 1873 by the prevalence, during July and August, of malarial
fever of an obstinate and unyielding character. While in this condition a
young man named Hughes arrived from Shreveport, who was taken down with
the yellow fever a few nights after his arrival, and in a few days died. Dr.
Coleman, who attended him, made an attempt to have his bedding burned and
the room fumigated, but the bedding, instead of being burned, was thrown upon
the roof of a little house almost at the foot of Main Street, and left there
three weeks in the sun. The prevailing wind blowing u]) the street, the whole
town soon became impregnated with the poison." Dr. McCraven insists that
the yellow fever which prevailed epidemically in Houston in 1848 originated
there; that the city was badly drained and filthy, and there was not much
rain during the latter part of summer, making it remarkably dry. He be-
lieves that no one had a second attack, as did Dr. Stone, of New Orleans ;
and he believes that animal filth is the food of the yellow fever, and that it
will not spread in a clean city. Dr. Bennett Dowler declares that, from
1796 to 1853, it is almost certain that several cases of yellow fever have
occurred every year in New Orleans, often only four or five. Baron de Ca-
rondelet, in 1801, recommended that the stagnant waters of the city be drained
into Canal Carondelet : he regarded them the cause of much mortality from
fatal fevers, amoifg which he included yellow fever. Dr. Cartright and
Dr. Merrill (lately of Memphis) state that, in their opinion, the epidemic
of 1823 originated in Natchez, and was not imported. In 1853, according
to Dowler, the heavy frosts at the close of October and beginning of No-
vember did not appear to have any marked influence upon the epidemic.
He also says that about the 25th of October — and until frost apjjcared for a
few nights at many of the interior towns of Louisiana, but which did not
in a marked degree arrest the march of the epidemic — warm weather, how-
ever, soon returned, but this did not revive the epidemic in places where it
had declined, — as in New Orleans and many other places, where the return
A HISTOKY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
43
of absentees and the influx of strangers did not reproduce the epidemic.
In Clinton, La., Avhere the fever began a montli before the frosts above
alluded to, the fever did not disappear ; on tlie contrary, after the lOtli of
December many persons died, among them several negroes. "All the les-
sons of philosopliy teach," says Dowler, " tiiat yellow fever has a cause or
combination of causes, without which it can not a])pear; witli which, it can
not fail to appear, being not tlie less certain because unknown in the
present state of science. Its antecedents and sequences must prove when
known as invariably connected and simple as any part of pliysics. Fortu-
nately the conditions if not the causes of yellow fever are to a considerable
extent known: for example, it is known to be connected, no matter liow,
with the warm season of tlie year; with uuacclimated constitution?;- with
aggregations of people in towns and villages, and it rarely attacks rural
populations unless they crowd together so as to become virtually towns."
And he might have added, tliat it is subject to a law of periodicity, tliat
it reaches its zenith in a given time and declines without regard to climatic
conditions or other influences, such as the continued unsanitary state of the
public highways. In New Orleans, in 1853, the climax was reached on the
53d day of the epidemic; in 1858, on the 5Gth day; in 1867, on the 56th
day; and in 1878, on the 57th day. In INIemphis, in 1867, the fever reached
its climax on the 40lh day; in 1873, on the 40th day; and in 1878, on the
44th day — in every instance declining in the same ratio as it advanced.
That yellow fever can be imported and may be engrafted by conditions
which, if they do not originate, certainly promote it, is apparent in the case
of Louisville, from which we have this tardy confession in the Age, a weekly
paper remarkable for its candor, for its freedom from sectional or political
bias, from personal considerations or control, and that is amongst the best
of our current publications for fair dealing, truth-telling, and trenchant,
fearless criticism. It says, in the number for February 22, that "Many
credulous persons in Louisville, relying implicitly upon the opinions of the
doctors and the solemn assurances of newspapers last summer, laughed at
the idea that indigenous yellow fever existed in the city. It is we believe
with a single excej)tion admitted now, however, that the dreadful disease
not only existed here, but proved quite fatal in a number of cases. Fortu-
nately it was not developed until late in the season, and the cool weather
of September, followed by the frosts of October, retarded its propagation.
It is hiteresting to discover the methods that were adopted to mislead the
j'jublic. One of our most prominent physicians, writing in a late number
of the Medical Xews, frankly discloses how the result was accomplished secun-
dum artcm. 'W. M. ,' says he, 'had all of the usual symptoms of yellow
fever, well marked, and died on the fifth day,' but, 'knowing that a puljlic
announcement of a death from this cause in a citizen would be disastrous to
the business interests and social quiet of Louisville, it was decided to call the
disease ' gastro enteritis.' The death certificate, however, was brought to the
physician in charge, ' filled out as malarial fever,' and the physician signed it.
The cloud was a camel, a weasel, or a whale, any thing to suit the exigencies
44
A HISTOKY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
of the case." And here it is proper to remind all the communities north of
Memphis, even so for as St. Paul, that yellow fever has many times prevailed
epidemically even in bleak and cold New England ; that it only needs condi-
tions to prevail again and play havoc among the people of the Northern cities
as it has within the past forty years among the people of the Southern. It
must be remembered that the conditions necessary for the propagation of the
disease one day are not those of another, hence the best doctors, like Chopin,
of New Orleans, are not ashamed to confess that they know nothing about it,
save as it develops itself in patients.
From the j)receding it Avill be seen that, on the best authorities, every
theory advanced touching the birth in Africa and origin in America,
or its islands, of yellow fever, has been contradicted, and that the
theories of geographical or zone limit, of altitude, of germ or fermentation
origin, of development, of contagion or infection, of its naturalization in the
United States and the effect of sanitary conditions to increase and intensify
it, all have partisans who contend for each with zeal, every one of them
furnishing more or less data Avith which to fortify positions that are taken
only to be destroyed by others. It only remains, then, to furnish a case, or
cases in contradiction of the power of frost to kill it, and the conclusion of
Dr. Chopin, of New Orleans, is irresistible, that we really hioiv nothing about yel-
low fever; that it is a law unto itself in its tenacity of life as ivell as in its incep-
tion, groivth, and progress in development, hoiv long it takes to incubate in the human
system and the strength it must reach to jirevail epidemically, to leap, as it did in
Memphis in 1878, in three days, from one to one hundred cases. First, Ave have
the case of Mr. Joyner, a well-known merchant of Memphis, who had not been in
the city during the epidemic, and who went down to George Hunt's plantation,
near Horn Lake, Miss., to look after the estate of a deceased relative, late in
December. He slept, it is said, in a bed occupied by a person who had died
of the fever during the epidemic. However that may be, he contracted the dis-
ease in that place, and died at his home in Memphis, Avhither he had been re-
moved. There had been much cold Aveather for a month before, the thermom-
eter ranging loAver than 32°, and the house Avhere the disease Avas contracted,
like nearly all houses in the South, Avas built more Avith a view to comfort in
the heats of summer than to repelling the extreme colds of Avinter, so that it
must have been thoroughly exposed and brought under the influence of the
very Ioav temperature Avhich prevailed before his arrival. New Orleans fur-
nishes another case that shames the temperature theory (an exceptional case,
to be sure, like that of Joyner's), still a case that can not be ovei-looked. The
New Orleans Times made a full report of it, giving names, locality, date, and
the temperature of the room of the patient before and after the attack, and
during sickness. It said: "Probably the most remarkable case of yelloAV
fever ever recorded, and one which stands seriously in the Avay of many
accepted theories, is that Avhich has recently occurred in this city, in the per-
son of Nellie, daughter of Mr. S. E. Carey of this city, aged fi\'e years.
After an absence from the city of seven months, the child left Chicago De-
cember 18, Avheu the temperature Avas 0 — 2° Fahrenheit, in the sleeping-car
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
45
'Autocrat,' which, ^vith bedding just waslied, had been exposed to the intense cold
f )!• fifty-one hour^. She arrived in this city at noon, December 21, and 'was im-
mediately conveyed to Mr. Carey's residence. No. 199 Louisiana Avenue. The
house had been thoroughly cleaned in the spring, freshly kalsomined and
frescoed, and moreover had not had a case of fever in it during the summer.
On the 26th, Dr. Joseph Scott was summoned. He found the child suffering
from severe supra-orbital, temporal, and e]iigastric pains; surface of liody cool
and slightly perspiring; pulse, 120; temperature (lietween teeth and check),
104f°. Temperature of the room, 41°. He visited her five times during the
next twenty-four hours, pursuing the usual exjicctant treatment. Shortly after
the last of these visits he was hastil}' resummoned, and found that black vomit
had supervened. Dr. Josej^h Jones examined the discharge and pronounced it
to be from true yellow fever. Dr. Scott speedily checked the vomit. The
fever lasted eighty-one hours, ■with thermal and sphygmic lines horizontal; then
the pulse and temperature gradually declined to noimal. On the second and
third days albumen was found, and the sclerotics were imbued with the usual
tint. In fine, every pathognomonic symptom of yellow fever was strongly
marked, so much so that this might be regarded as a tyjiical case. The
theory that yellow-fever poison is destroyed by a temperature of 32° Fahren-
heit is strongly controverted in the fact that the house had been exposed to
even greater cold. The view that a temperature of at least 60° is required
for its development finds contradiction in that the temperature of the room
where the child sickened was only 41°. Surely it can not be urged that the
period of incubation extended from May to December; and on the other
hand, what might have been the fomites conveying the germ, M'hen it is an
assured fact that there had been no fever in the house during the summer,
and that neither had the child been outside the house nor had any one
visited it. In fact, all accepted etiological and semeiological princijiles in
yellow fever science seem to have been utterly set at defiance in this truly
remarkable case. It surely can not be claimed that this was a case of bilious
remittent fever, or of malarial type, wdien every symptom was in perfect
accordance with the most marked type of yellow fever in its monoparoxysmal
form. Here avc have strong confirmation of the germ theory, and the
alleged power of the seeds to hibernate; evidence adverse to the theory that
cold will kill the poison, or that a test of 60° is necessary to develoj) it; and
fiicts strongly pointing to the spontaneous rejiroduction of the disease at all
times, even in cleanly and healthy localities. So clear and easily attainable
are the circumstances surrounding it, that it is eminently worthy of rigid
investigation and of being placed upon the records of science."
46
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
III.
Having thus given many, if not all, of the various theories advanced touch-
ing the origin, causes, propagation or means of transmission of yellow fever,
the diagnosis and treatment of it are next to be considered. Dr. Happoldt,
before referred to as a physician of high standing, gives the following as the
result of his experience in Memphis in 1873: "Most cases," he says, "of
whatever nature, were ushered in by a chill, followed by a fever, with a pulse
and temperature to which the succeeding phenomena would correspond. The
attack was so violent in some cases that death occurred within thirty-six hours.
Great prostration was frequent from the beginning, in serious cases. The eye
did not often exhibit the bloodshot, glistening appearance, and inquisitive,
anxious stare; but frequently presented a mere sufi'usion with an expression
of apathy; sometimes there was pain in the eye-balls, with intolerance of light.
The face was sometimes injected, pale or waxy. The tongue was rarely furred
at first; it would become red, cracked, and dry in hemorrhagic cases, and
sometimes became darkly discolored, even when black vomit did not occur.
Headache and rachialgia were generally constant during the first and second
days; and pains in tlie joints common in children; and sometimes in adults
they would simulate those of gout, rheumatism or dengue. The skin was
most generally moist from the beginning, and became more so as the disease
progressed; in some cases the perspiration was profuse and clammy, emitting
a peculiar, disgusting odor; but its abundance afforded no relief to the
patient — not apparently affecting the temj^ei'ature. Insomnia and restlessness
were constant during the febrile paroxysm. Delirium — mild or furious —
was not uncommon, especially in female and nervous persons. Thirst was
frequently an nrgent symptom from the first. Anorexia was constantly
present throughout the disease ; the loathing of food was sometimes so great
that liquid nourishment would induce nausea in many instances, even in those
which terminated favorably. Pain and tenderness over the region of the
stomach were sometimes distressing, even in favorable cases, and occasionally it
would extend to the abdomen. In some cases, chiefly among adults, nausea and
vomiting of bilious matter occurred in the inception of the disease, generally
followed by biliary dejections, and accompanied with an icterio hue of the skin ;
pain in the region of the spleen usually attended these symptoms. Hemorrhages
occurred, generally, late in the disease, mostly passive, and from the mucous sur-
faces. Uterine hemorrhage was constant in menstruating females; many miscar-
riages occurred ; some women were delivered of still-born children at their full
term. The temperature frequently fell during convalescence much below the
normal standard. The pulse, whatever may have been its force and frequency,
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW PEVEE.
47
after it had declined, generally became weak and slow, sometimes falling be-
low forty beats to the minute. In these cases convalescence was jirotracted ;
the appetite was perverted ; and dyspeptic symptoms, with a weak heart,
remained for months afterwards. Cutaneous eruptions of various kinds
ajjpeared in many cases after the subsidence of the febrile paroxysm, and also
during convalescence. In some instances the eruption was confined to jiartic-
ular parts of the body — generally to the thorax, back, arms, and thighs; and
sometimes to the brow alone. Tlie urticarous, roseolous, and eczemous were
the most common. The eruptions which appeared during and after convales-
cence were the most annoj'ing, continuing longer than a week, and giving
rise to intolerable itching ; and in some cases the desquamation of the cuticle
was as great as that occurring in a pronounced case of scarlatina. During
and after convalescence boils and abscesses frequently made their appearance;
they were confined to no particular part, and were sometimes so numer-
ous, and gave rise to so much discomfort, as to confine the patient in-doors
for several weeks. Swellings of the salivary glands, gums, and tongue were
of common occurrence during the latter part of the disease. Suppuration of
one of the parotid glands occurred in several cases ; but in one case only, in
the practice of Dr. W. J. Armstrong, did ' both of the parotid glands become
inflLimed quickly after the attack of the fever ; and rapidly went on to sup-
puration and total destruction of the glandular structure, with sloughing of the
parenchymatous tissues, leaving a cavity behind each angle of the lower
maxilla an inch deep, by three-fourths of an inch in diameter.' In some cases
a typhoid condition substituted convalescence ; in many, an icteric hue of the
skin and eyes remained for weeks. Bright's disease and albuminuria were
among the sequelae ; generally occurring some weeks after convalescence, and
were of the most serious character. Relapses occasionally occurred, and
were almost always fatal. Death appeared to be due to feebleness of the
heart. The greatest number of fatal cases appeared to be due to the direct
sedative action of the poison of the disease. Death l)_y coma and convulsions
was most common in women and children. Uraimic poisoning, with or with-
out black vomit, was most generally the outlet of life among adults, whose
stomachs and kidneys had been impaired in function or structure from habit-
ual dietetic indiscretions, from pernicious drugs, or from having undergone
super-sudation. Whatever views may have been entertained of the special
pathology of individual cases, occurring during the epidemic, it was from
the master poison that the greatest danger was to be apprehended, and to
which all efforts were to be directed. Every kind and variety of diseased
action would wear its livery; and it was folly to burden the mind with use-
less distinctions, and attempt to tieat any other disease Mithout being ever
conscious that the exhibition of special means sht)uld not be these inimical
to the medical constitution existing at the time. For reasons before staled,
a diversified treatment was required, according to the character of the ciise
presented ; and remedies were as varied as the diverse opinions entertained
of the nature of the epidemic. Mercury and quinine were relied upon
chiefly by some. Dr. Mallory, in his account of the epidemic, str.tcs liiat
4
48
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
he gave a cathartic dose of calomel in the commencement ; and that ' after
purgation, the remedy was continued in small doses until ptyalism was in-
duced.' His patients 'recovered without manifesting any inconvenience, in
many instances, from its employment. Suppression of the urine did not
appear in a single instance among the eightj'-one patients on whom this
treatment was employed.' One of those who used quinine in all cases, gave
it in one-grain doses, in combination with the same quantity of calomel,
every hour, until ten doses had been taken ; and then gave the quinine
alone every two hours until the fourth day, when stinnilants were given as
required. Dr. Luke P. Blackburn, of Louisville, who had charge of the
Walthall Infirmary, believing yellow fever to be similar to the exanthemata,
treated it with warm drinks and foot-baths, with sufficient covering. Neither
purgatives nor diuretics were given until convalescence was established ;
though the vinous and stronger alcoholic stimulants were freely allowed.
He believed that the poison Avas eliminated by the skin solely; and he
looked upon 'the fsecal matter, coated over with bile, as being the most
soothing coat which the bowels can have in the first stage of the disease.'
According to his judgment, quinine was fatal in yellow fever. Some phy-
.sicians employed neither mercury nor quinine, using gentle purgatives or
aperients at first, and enemata when needed later in the disease. During
the febrile paroxysm, warm diluents, as orange-leaf tea, etc., were generally
resorted to. By some lemonade was preferred, and champagne and other
wines allowed. To promote the action of the kidneys, the salts of potash
or ammonia, with or without the spts. nitric ether, were commonly used.
The effort was made by some to abort or resolve the febrile paroxysm by
means of such depressing agents as gelseminum, aconite, digitalis, or veratrum
viride; and for irritable stomach, chloroform, creosote, nux vomica, and Fow-
ler's Solution of arsenic were prescribed. The hydrate of chloral and bromide
of potassium, or morphia, were used to promote sleep. Carbolic acid and the
:Sulpho-carbolat8 of sodium were tried when black vomit occurred. The
spirits of turpentine, acetate of lead, and the preparations of iron were given
for the relief of hemorrhages. Vinous, distilled and fermented liquors were
almost always used during convalescence. These are among the articles of
materia medica asserted to have been prescribed. Hot mustard pediluvia
were invariably used by all, and cold sponging of the upper extremities by
many. Sinapisms or blisters to the epigastrium to relieve gastric distress
•were in general use. Dry and wet cups, blisters, and warm fomentations
were applied to the region of the kidneys in cases of suppression. jMy views
of the j^athologv and treatment of yellow fever have undergone no essential
change since 1854, when I denied the efficacy of Blair's formula expressed
by the symbol XX by XXIV; and those of my acquaintances who attempted
to carry out his precepts have been forced to abandon it. Quinine in scruple
doses, in some epidemics, may do good when it is combined with calomel,
hut I believe that the beneficial effect is due more to the mercurial than the
alkaloid. While rejecting this heroic treatment of Blair's, I also rejected the
expectant as well as the sedative, which has not yet gone out of fashion
A HISTOKY OF THE YIOLLOW FEVER.
49
Avlth some; neither can I attach inucli importance to the internal adminis-
tration of diuretics or diaphoretics, wliich have l)ecn thought eliiiiiaative, in
consequence of tlieir nauseating effects on the stomach. If we can not re-
move the cause of diseased action, we should attempt to annul it or coun-
teract its cfi'ects. The cause cf yellow fever, now ix'cognized to Ije a ]>eculiar
zymotic poison, acting as a destructive ferment, de})resses and perverts tlic
vital and functional f »rces, gives rise to great excitement of the circulation
and torpor of the glandular and secretf>ry organs. The intense ereniacau.-is
of the tissues, and high comhustion acting through the blood, may produce,
in a short time, destructive changes in the most important organs of the
body. The indications for treatment are ()l)vious, and are to remove all
offending matter {rum the -prinuv via' and rouse the emunctories to acti(.in,
and are best fulfilled by the administration of mercui'ials and salines, and
promoting their action by wai-m diluents ; at the same time that we attempt
to reduce the temjicrature l)y sponging the uj)per extremities with ice-cold
Avater, and assist in equalizing the circulation hy revulsives to the surface
of the abdomen, and hot stimulating pediluvia. These are, I believe, the
best means of disgorging the glandular apparatus and equalizing the circu-
lation preparatory to the use of agents -which tend directly to counteract the
destructive fermentation which is going on in the blood. All spoliative and
depressing medication should now cease, though the action of the skin and
kidneys should be promoted witliout disturl)ing the stomach ; for upon the
proper perfornaance of their functions will depend the progress of the case
and the impending lesion of the heart. Here judgment comes into play;
and upon a recognition of the true pathological conditions of each individual
case, and a knowledge of the therapeutical properties of the remedial agents
adapted for its relief, will dejiend the result; always pi-ovided that the patient
can be placed in a position suitable to his condition, and have all the agree-
able surroundings which are required. Bland and nutritious liquid food
shduld be regularly given to sheatlie the lining of the stomach, and neu-
tralize or dilute the gastric juice; but warm drinks for other pur])oscs are
to be discontinued. Crushed ice, or ice-water, may be used for their refrig-
erant efiect only; but the urgent thirst, which necessarily ensues from the
elimination of the watery elements of the blood by the induced catharsis,
must be allayed by cool, pure water, or refrigerant, agreeable bevci-ages,
mixed with good wine; otherwise, inspissated blood engorge the kidneys,
and the case vill be materially injured. The ju-aclilioner will always liave
to regard the idiosyncrasy of his jjJitient, and be governed by the peculiari-
ties of each case. After sufficient catharsis has been induced, Avinc, and
even the stronger alcoholic stimulants, are more efficient than any other
class of medicines. They will be found, ia manageable cases of yellow fever,
almost a sine qua non, preventing, cden iKtrihus, the supervention of the de-
structive changes Avhich might otherwise occur, thus making a simple, mild
case, which, if allowed to run its course expectantly, or attempted to be
jugulated h.eroically, would become a "full-fledged" one, either to drag its
slow course along, or terminate fatally. After congestions or other compli-
50
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEE.
cations have occurred, it is too late to expect a specific action from the
preparations of alcohol ; but still, either with or uithout quinine and citric
acid, its supporting action is required to stimulate the heart and equalize the
circulation ; and in malarial complications, its combination with quinine is the
best for the exhibition of this salt. For irritable stomach, when tlie tongue
is red and dry, and the thirst urgent, ice will not succeed so well as ice-cream
or sherbet, or cool vinous drinks delicately prepared to suit the taste of the
patient. Stimulating embrocations, sinapisms, or blisters over the epigastrium,
in connection with the above treatment, have given relief to the most dis-
tressing symptoms. The hydrate of chloral and bromide of potassium, or the
salts of morphia and camphor-water, are of questionable utility in this disease.
If no complications arise, no drugs are to be given ; the patient should be
made comtbrtable by a proper regulation of diet and hygiene ; and if there be
no contra-indications, vinous, fermented, or distilled liquors, in quantities and
combinations to suit the condition of the patient, should be allowed. The use
of alcohol in the treatment of pysemia, and its property of lowering the tem-
perature in pyrexia, has, of late, attracted much attention ; and the medical
reader is competent to form an opinion on the subject.* I Avill briefly sum
up, from the results of my own researches and those of others, the theory of
the modus operandi of this agent, and would most respectfully call the atten-
tion of the profession to its action in yellow fever. In a state of health, alco-
hol does increase the animal heat, especially when the system is depressed by
cold ; when there is diminished capillary circulation and reduced temperature,,
by virtue of its combustible nature; and it resolves congestion of the lungs in
incipient pneumonia by arousing the nervous tbrces and equalizing the circu-
lation. In a state of fever it diminishes the temperature at the same time
that it sustains the action of the heart; and this is explicable from the fact,
that while rapidly oxidized itself, it prevents the oxidization of the tissues ;
therefore, by arresting the frightful combustion which obtains in yellow fever,
it diminishes the temperature ; and by arousing the latent vital energies, it
equalizes the circulation and relieves engorgements or congestions. Another
explanation is, that it acts within the animal economy as it does without, by
preventing or arresting the putrefactive or fermentative process, each of which
is attended by heat. It may yet be proved to be the best antidote to all
zymotic poisons, as well as to the bites of venomous animals. When the
temperature of the blood is too much increased, as it is in yellow fever, its
saccharine elements can not be converted into alcohol (as I contend does
take place in a state of health) ; but the acetous fermentation is induced in-
stead, similar to what always occurs wlien the mash — prepared for the in-
duction of the alcoholic fermentation — is subjected to a too -great degree of
heat. Under the conditions present in a marked case of yellow fever, we can
readily conceive how, in a short time, the whole mass of the blood may be-
come acetified, and so changed that the eraunctories cease to act at all, and
Dr. Austin Flint, Jr., of New Yorli, has rocently declared himself in favor of
alcohol as a specific in cases of fever.
A HISTORY OF THE YEIJ.OW FEVER.
51
the functions of the economy arc in abeyance, in consequence of the circula-
tion of a fluid other than tliat wiiicli nature lias designed for the maintenance
of their action. The kidneys becoming as impermeable and useless as a
foreign body, the abnormal death fluid seeks the great work-shop of the sys-
tem, and oozes through its parietes, to be known to the observer as hiack
vomit. The moral treatment is by no means uuimj)ortant in yellow fever.
Fear being the most potent agent for evil, the patient should not be alarmed
by being made acquainted with the nature of his case ; neither shonld those
nearest him be better informed, unless absolute necessity arises. The medical
attendant should never betray doubt or anxiety as to the result; a confident
look, kind words, and a manifestation of a friendly interest in behalf of the
patient, encouraging him to h.ope for a successful issue, will do more good
than medication. None but congenial, cheerful, and discreet persons should
be allowed access to the sick-room; the exclusion of all disagreeable f)r de-
pressing influences should be enforced, and the patient sliould be relieved of all
personal cares of wdiatever nature, and feel himself perfectly secure in the hands
of those to whom his physician has intrusted the management of his case."
Dr. R. W. Mitchell, recently appointed a member of the National Board
of Health, who, as IMcdical Director of the Howard Association of IMempliis,
in 1878, enjoyed unusual opportunities for obtaining a thorough knowledge
of the effects of yellow fever upon the human system, and of the value of
almost all the known remedies, and who enjoyed the confidence of every
physician who served under him as well as that of the public at large, by
request furuislies the following as his method of treatment, which, it may
be remarked, was very successful: "The natural histor}' of yellow fever
suggests the plan of treatment which observation and experience have proven
to be the best. Being a self-limited disease, and one of very short duration,
what could possibly be the aim of rational treatment beyond warding off'
complications and sustaining nature? To fulfill this indication, I have sought
always to enforce absolute rest of mind and l)ody during the entire course of the
disease, to the full establishment of convalescence; to protect my ])atients fi-om
all perturbing and deleterious influences, such as might arise from the conversa-
tion of injudicious friends, or from changes of temperature; to watch the bodily
secretions, and insure as perfectly as possible the performance of the various func-
tions. The first objects requiring attention in a case of yellow fever, are the
bringing about of reaction after the chill, and free evacuation of the bowels.
The first is quite easily att:iined by means of the hot mustard foot-bath, and
moderate covering with Idankets, The second is, in most instances, best
accomplished by a dose of castor-oil. Sometimes, ^\hcn the attack is ushered
in with nausea and a coated tongue, a few grains of calomel, followed in six
hours by oil, or one of the saline aperients, is better practice. Having attended
to these matters, I now lay medicine aside, unless the pains in the head and
back are vicdent or delirium is present. To relieve these symptoms I prefer
to make use of a combination of bromide potassium and tincture gelsemium —
15 grains of the first, and as many drops of the second — every two hours
during the first day of the fever. Gentle perspiration, not free sweating, should
52
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
be maintained for 15 or 18 hours by the foot-l)ath, suitable covering, and warm
sage or orange-leaf tea. As a rule, no food of any kind should be adminis-
tered during the continuance of the fever, uuless the patient is very feeble, or
the fever is disposed to run over three days. Under such circumstances, milk
and lime-water, or rice-water, in small quantities, should be given at short
intervals. Pellets of ice may be given to all patients in the beginning, and to
the close. Having discontinued those remedies calculated to keep up perspira-
tion, the closest attention should be given to the bodily temperature. If the
clinical thermometer shows that this temperature is not above 102°, I instruct
the nurse to sponge the entire body, under cover, every few hours Avith com-
mon whisky. If, however, the temperature goes above this figure, and reaches
104° or 105°, the whisky must be freely ap23lied every hour, and as cold as
ice can make it. To he effectual, each sjjonging should be continued for 20 or 30
minutes. A faithful nurse, who does not mind hard work, will in a few hours
bring the temperature down two or three degrees. Patients thus treated, long
for a return of the time for sponging, and will often beg for it: it relieves
pain, soothes the troubled nervous system, and induces sleep. It also insures
proper action of the kidneys, and serves to ward off that state of thing-s in the
stomach Avhich gives rise to black vomit. The essence of treatment, then, in
yellow fever, is to be found in keeping the digestive organs at perfect rest, by
giving them nothing to do; in keeping the temperature of the body as near
the normal as possible ; and in warding off congestion of the liver and kidneys
by making appeals to the skin. Should suppression of urine arise in a patient
with high temjjerature, the best means of relief is the application of poultices
of ice and salt over the loins. This application is made for 15 or 20 minutes,
then removed and reapplied in half an hour. For the relief of suppression of
urine in one whose temperature is nearly normal, I know nothing of much
value. Allusion has been made to the good effect of cold sponging in keeping
off black vomit. In addition to this, mustard piaster or blisters oA^er the pit
of the stomach may be required; but to do good they must be applied early.
The nausea and vomiting Avith Avhich attacks of yelloAV fever are ushered in,
are not usually serious, and no special medication is required for their relief.
When the fever subsides, Ave begin to repair the shattered strength of the
patient by the administration, at short intervals, of a teaspoonful of milk and
lime-Avater. After aAvhile, chicken-Avater or beef-tea may be substituted for
this. Thii-st may now be allayed by Avater in small quantities, and by the
German seltzer-Avater. Should the temperature fall below the normal, and the
pulse drop down to 50 or less, a little brandy may be added to the nourish-
ment ; but as a rule it is very seldom that stimulants can he used advanta-
geously or safely Avith temperate subjects. Jluch harm has been done, and many
lives destroyed, by the administration of champagne and Avhisky during the
stage of calm Avhich follows the subsidence of the fever. We go on, then,
adding little by little to the nourishment, but not allowing solid food until
nearly a Aveek of convalescence has been reached. During all this time con-
finement to the horizontal position is rigidly enforced. When the blood has
been renewed by food, and the strength in a measure restored, the patient is
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
53
allowed to leave his bed. The reaetiimary fever, whieh ii; man}' cases follows
the stage of calm, is usnally very moderate, and ix-quires no treatment but
sponging. In very many cases malarial fever appeal's about the fourtli or fifth
day of convalescence : it comes in the eveiu'ng, very insidiously, and the ])aticnt
complains of liaving had a i-eslless night. Tins is repeated for two or three
davs, and the patient dies. I saw many sucli cases during tlie past summer,
and also observed that these attacks yielded to quinine if given promj)tly.
Late in the season, I found it an advantage, in cases in which there seemed
to be a malarial element, to commence the treatment of the disease by the
administration of one or two ten-grain doses of quinine. Some patients seem
stricken Avith death at tlie vei-y outset of their attack, and for these no treat-
ment is of any avail. In a large majority of the cases recovery ensues if the
plan of treatment here described be scrupulously followed."
Dr. G. B. Thornton, who, like Dr. Mitchell, had the fullest public experi-
ence during the yellow lever epidemics which scourged Memphis in 1867 and
1873, was, as in the latter year, in charge of the City Hospital in 1878. A
victim of tlie fever twice, he writes as one should who adds to knowledge
acquired by an extended practice, that of a personal nature. He gives the
following, by request, as his metliod of treatment: "Believing that yellow
fever is a specific disease, a blood poisoiung caused by a peculiar miasm
against which medical proi)hylaxis has proven inefficient, and that active
heroic medication to arrest it, when once established, is not only useless but
positively injurious, the successful treatment has to be by such medication and
management as will alleviate suffering and assist natui-e to throw ofi' or
eliminate this poison from the system. Tliere is a fixed course the disease
must run, or, in other words, an evolution which must follow as a consequence
of this blood toxemia. Tlierefore, assuming that the treatment must be essen-
tially of this auxiliary character, it becomes an important question to do
nothing that will interfere with the efl^orts of nature to eliminate this puison.
While the disease can not be cut short or aborted, as an ordinary malarial
fever, it can be modified and rendered more tolerant to the patient by judicious
medication and nursing. Ordinarily I commence my treatment l)y a mercurial
cathartic, followed, if necessary, in six or eigiit hours, Ijy castor-i)il. After
the bowels are once thorougidy moved cathartics are no longer indicated
during the course of the disease. Quinine, if admissible at all, should be
administered early in the attack, in the cold stage whicli precedes the fever.
In anticipation of the fever it is tliought, and I will not assert to the contrary,
that given at this time in a positive dose, say ten grains, the fever is modified,
and the temperature kept down. After the febrile stage is once established,
my experience and observation is, quinine is positively injurious-. It does no
good towards eliminating this poison, and only complicates the case by aggra-
vating the gastric and cephalic disturbance. After a warm foot-bath, the
patient should be placed between blankets, and blankets enough useil as cover,
as not to oppress but keep the skin gently acting without exhausting perspira-
tion. Woolen blankets are the best covers for yellow fever patients; they ab-
sorb perspiration without causing the inconvenience that these fluids would on
54
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
cotton goods; tliey also allow the exhalations of the body to escape through their
meshes without injury. Bedding should not be changed until convalescence is
well established. Such medication should be used as will promote and keep
up the action of the kidneys and this mild perspiration. To alleviate thirst,
drinks possessing some diuretic property should be given in such quantities and
at such intervals as not to offend the stomach. When equally agreeable to
the patient, and not contra-indicated by any symptom that may exist, I prefer
warm drinks, or, at least, of the temperature of ordinary cistern water, to either
ice or iced water. The latter produces a decided unpleasant feeling in the
stomach, amounting in some instances to a pain (at least that was my experi-
ence), and has no advantage over the former in allaying thirst. Rinsing the
mouth with cold water, contributes A'ery much towards alleviating this symp-
tom. To relieve muscular soreness and promote gentle perspiration, and some-
times induce sleep, sponging the body and limbs with warm or tepid water, or
Avater medicated with vinegar, ammonia, alcohol, or whisky. This should be
done without exposing the patient to the air, or subjecting him to physical
exertion. Unless it is properly done it had best not be attempted. Mental
and physical quietude is an essential feature in the treatment, and every thing
should be done to preserve this that does not interfere with the course of the
disease. Opiates, as a rule, should be prohibited. There are some instances
in which a cautious use of them is not only admissible, but demanded; but,
like quinine, they can not be used indiscriminately : the judgment and dis-
cretion of the practitioner can alone decide when to use either. "When good
does not follow their use, harm certainly does. Opiates are likely to be fol-
lowed by irritability of stomach and arrested action of the kidneys: to pre-
serve the integrity of these organs is an important and may be an essential
feature. In the secondary fever, as a rule, where there is bo complication, no
medication is required. A judicious administration of diet then takes the place
of medication. This should be of a fluid character, given in such quantities
and at such intervals as the stomach Avill appropriate without causing unpleas-
ant symptoms. Approaching convalescence should be watched as closely as
the first stage of the disease. Stimulants of some character are necessary in
the majority of cases, and no arbitrary preference can or should be for a par-
ticular stimulant. Brandy or whisky are, as a rule, my preference, though
in some cases one of the wines act better; and with some, as convalescence
progresses, the malt liquors are preferred and act best. Special symptoms, as
they arise during the course of the disease, such as diarrhoea, irritjible stomach,
black vomit, hemorrhage from any outlet, suppression of urine, and delirium,
of course demand specific medication to combat. To guard against or meet an
indication which may arise from a preexisting infirmity, the general principles
of practice are applicable, guarding against any therapeutic remedy that may
be contra-indicated by the main disease."
Dr. R. B. Nail, surgeon in charge of Camp Joe Williams,* who was so fort-
* Situated seven miles from Memphis, on the luie of the Mississippi and Tennessee
liailroad.
A HISTORY OF THK YELLOW FEVKR.
55
iinate, iiotwitlistanding the exposures liis patients were necessarily subjected to,
not to have even one case of relapse, furnished, by request, the following as his
method of practice : "To deal iu the various theories advanced by men who have
spent years of devotional industry in the attempt to explain the nature of the
insidious matris niorbi of yellow fever, is beyond the intention of this paper;
the object is to prove that whatsoever has been administered to the sick as a
curative agent, based either on scientific principles rr emp^•rical notions, have
all alike been barren of fruit. The sanitarian and scientist, assisted by the
charity and generosity of the educated masses, have failed to check its fearful
ravages, even under favorable meteorological conditions. The inhabitants of
Camp Joe Williams were composed in the m;iiu (,f citizens of what was then
known as the "infected district" (Poplar, Yv'ashir.gto;), Adams, etc.), who
were removed by a detailed j)olice force, under the vigilant supervision of
the Citizens' Relief Committee, to the cam}). (Jn their arrival, every
article of clothing or bedding which favoj-cil the propagation of the dis-
ease, was, by order of the surgeon iu charge, consumed by fire. Of
course, among so many hundred people, cases were soon developed, and
most of them run that fatal course which is so characteristic of the dis-
ease. The remarkable and favorable feature of Camp AVilliams was that
the disease did not spread among the inhabitants, i;or did those who visited
the camp from the surrounding country contract the disease. Those who
visited the city soon died, or were quite ill f )r a time, while he or she who
feared the place of death steered clvar. Parties from the infected district
joined those from the non-infectetl, living in common, occupying at niglit a
small A tent — the former die, the latter escape. Every case which happened
substantiated these facts. The details of several cases may not be out of place.
The first case that happened was i\Ir. E., a pninter; the di.-ease run the usual
fatal course, and on the fourth day l;e died. He was cared f ir assiduously Ity
two friends, a lady and gentleman. Neither of these took the disease. Mrs.
D. arrived at camp from the iirfected portion of the city. She took the fever a
few days after her arrival. She and her husband occupied a small, close tent,
during her illness, even sleeping together in the same bed. She recovered ; he
escaped the fever entirely. Another striking illustration of the non-contagious
character of the disease is the following: INIrs. S. , aged 40, the mother of four
children, developed a case of fever. She was ordeied to the hospital, her chil-
dren to be cared for some distance from the hos])ifal, in tents. One day these
children took advantage of a favorable opportunity, stole away to the hospitid,
in which their mother lay sick of the fever, and in \\ liich several had died. Dur-
ing my evening visit to the mother, I found them gathered around her bed. My
first intention was to have them immediately removed to their isolated quarters.
But the children wept and entreated that they might be permitted to remain
with their mother, while she argued that she could not survive, and begged that
I would let them remain with her. The mother recovered ; none of the children
were attacked. In the wards of the male hospital were employed eight male
nurses, five of whom, after nursing for three or four weeks among fifteen or
twenty patients in all stages of the fever, thinking themselves proof against
56
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
the disease, determined to go to the city and there offer their services, because
of the liigher price paid nurses by the Howard Association. I advised them
fully as to the dangers of the city, nevertheless they went and remained there
several days. The sick were all bountifully supplied with nurses from a dis-
tance ; they were therefore unable to obtain positions, and consequently re-
turned to camp. Four of these men died of the fever in the hospital in which
they had nursed, the otiier was found dead between the city and the camp,
a short distance from the latter — the result, I believe, of debauchery and fever.
The three nurses who did not visit the city, but remained in the hospital dur-
ing the epidemic (seventy-two days), nursed and buried their confederates, but
were not attacked themselves. Every physician, except Dr. T. O. Summers, of
Nashville, who was officially connected with the camp, and who visited the
city, either died or had the fever, while I, who left the city early and never
visited the infected district before I left for camp, escaped the disease. During
the fatal illness of the late Dr. Sample, of Austin, Miss., I remained in the
tent with him the whole time — four or five days; I was convalescing from
a severe attack of bilious fever, but entirely escaped the fatal disease. From
observations of Camp Joe Williams, I am driven to the conclusion that yellow
fever, under favorable meteorological conditions, intense heat and humidity —
particularly the former — finds a nidus or pabulum in the exhalations which
emanate from the excreta of human beings."
Dr. Laski, a German physician, who, according to his own statement, had
some experience in Asia with the black plague, and in Africa with the cholera,
before settling in Memphis, where he has practiced for years, and where he had
three experiences of epidemic yellow fever — in 1867, 1873 and 1878 — treated
his patients very successfully. He gave them castor-oil in simple doses so
long as the discharges from the bowels were hard and dark ; camomile tea to
keep up perspiration ; washing the body \mder the clothes with a wash com-
posed of water tempered by alcohol, ammonia, camphor and common salt. To
tone up the patient, he gave good cognac or the best whisky.
Dr. Luke P. Blackburn, of Kentucky, a noted yellow fever expert — whose
experience is equal to that of any living physician, extending, as it does, not
only over this continent, but to the Bermudas and the West India Islands, his
latest experience being at Hickman, Ivy., in 1878 — gives his treatment as fol-
lows: "The patient should be placed in bed in a horizontal position; should not
under any circumstances be allowed to arise from that bed ; should be well cov-
ered with blankets ; a foot-tub of hot water without mustard should be intro-
duced under the blankets; the patient lying upon his back, should flex his
lower limbs and place his feet in the tub ; the covering should be tucked well
around him, close up to his neck ; he should be given hot tea, composed of balm,
sa2;e, elder blossom, boneset, corn-shock, or oran<re- or lemon-leaf. At the same
time he should be permitted to drink ice-water or to take crushed ice in suffi-
cient quantities to allay his thirst. Free and continuous perspiration should be
kept up. After the foot-tub has been removed, if the action of the skin should
cease and the forehead become dry, the feet should be at once replaced in the
tub and the ptisan, or hot tea, should be used as before. The fever will continue
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER
57
from twenty to ninety lioiir.<. A^'hen it lias passed off the lilankets should be
gradually -withdrawn from the patient; stimulants, such as ale, porter, pure
rum, and French brandy should l)e freely given. I jjrefer Cook's Imperial St.
Louis native wine to any stimulant I have ever used. Isourishment, such as
rice-water, or corn-meal gruel, or chicken-water should be given cautiously and
sparingly. Should there be a spi^ntaneous movement of the bowels, as will
occur in many cases from the irritation of the mucous coat of the stomach and
bowels, that tissue which is first assaulted by this disease, give no opium, no
preparation of opium, nor any thing to cheek that action. It is the crisis of
the disease as it is in measles. The fever will pass off in five hours, and the
patient will recover rapidly without tear of a relajise. Should the perspiration
have a glutinous, gummy touch, you may expect your patient to recover with
watchful and careful nursing. But should tlie perspiration have a sensation
like that of pure water, showing that there is no vicarious action by the skin,
which gives relief to the liver and kidneys, you may know that your patient is
in great danger. You will find uj);>n an examination the tongue red and trem-
ulous, covered with a short white fur, with great gastric fetor of the breath. It
is then all important to apply the cups or leeches to the pit of the stomach in
order to prevent that degree of inflammation \\hich destroys the coat of the
stomach. If neither cups, leeches, nor blisters l)e applied, the patient will com-
plain of the sensation of a ball in his stomach in thirty-six hours. And in
twelve hours thereafter he will throw off blood that is exuded into the stomach,
known as black vomit, which has the appearance of coflee-grounds floating in
an amber-colored fluid. If there be any doubt as to the character of the
matter ejected from the stomach, you can at once decide upon its character by
dipping a white handkerchief or linen clolh into the matter ejected from the
stomach, and ex])0sing it to the sun for a few moments. If it be the vcnnito, or
genuine black vomit of yellow fever, it will impart a sanguine or bloody tinge
to the cloth or handkerchief. If it be bile, which never occurs in yellow fever,
it will impart a yellow tinge."
Dr. Marvin Huse, Physician of the Yellow Fever Hospital, of Louisville, where
nearly two hundred cases were treated, "found that there were two classes of cases :
one in which the temperature ranged from 100° to 106°, with a hot dry skin;
and a second, where the temperature ranged between 97° and 100°, with a
cold, clammy, and much yellower skin. The latter variety was more fatal.
The symptoms were, iu the main, like those of former epidemics, but a iiiiudier
of interesting characteristics were noted. The juilse was always so iiregular as
to be of help in the diagnosis. It ranged from thirty-five to one hundred and
forty beats a minute. It bore no relation to the tem))erature. The fever was a
continued one. It had remissions, but not intermissions. The fiiuces were red
and swollen; the tongue, eventually, dry and cracked, unlike the flabby and
enlarged tongue of malarial fever. From the skin there exhaled the peculiar
rotten-hay odor always noticed. Herpetic eruptions about the month and nose
were frequent. The urine had at first a high specific gravity, falling as the
disease progressed. It was small in amount at first, also, and suppression with
uriemia was always to be looked out for. It generally contained bile, and
58
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEK,
alwaij.i albumen, the amount, however, varyhig very much. There ■were also
granular casts. Tho amount of albumen and casts was in proportion to the
severity of the disease, and furnished a valuable aid in prognosis. Vibrios and
bacteria were found in tiie breath and the blood. The proportion of white
blood-corpuscles was increased. Black vomit occurred in half the cases, and
did not prove so very unfavoi-able a symptom, as a third of those thus affected
got well. There were melsenic stools, as usual. A hemorrhagic tendency was
constant, but was easily controlled by a spray of IMonsel's solution. The blood
oozed from the month, eyes, nose, ears, etc. Just before death, the tempera-
ture generally fell to 97°. After deatli it gradually rose, sometimes to 106:|-°
in the axilla, the body remaining warm for twelve hours. The average dura-
tion of the disease was four days. Very careful post-mortem examinations
were made, tlie kidneys and liver giving the most uniform lesions. The
stomach showed no erosions, congestion, or catarrh. The hemorrhages from
it were passive ones. The liver was enlarged, and generally of some shade of
yellow. The microscope showed more or less fatty infiltration and fatty de-
generation, with occasionally increase of connective tissue. The kidnej's always
showed, under the microscope, the tubules choked with finely granular (Ubris
and epithelium, or in other places empty and denuded of epithelium. There
were no important changes in tlie other organs. The treatment consisted in
at once exerting the emuuctories to action, especially the skin and kidneys.
The patient was then kept cinchonized, and the various symptoms com-
bated as they arose. The cases brought to the hospital were uniformly
bad ones, the disease genei'ally being in the second stage when they were
received. The patients had previously sufl^ered from neglect and exposure,
and the mortality therefore of thirty-one is not considered high. None
of the ))hysicians, attendants, or visitors at the hospital caught the disease,
although no especial pains were taken in the way of protection and disinfec-
tion."
Dr. Chopin, President of the New Orleans Board of Health, in his instruc-
tions to the people of that city, at the outbreak of the late epidemic, says of
the 3'ellow fever, that its "onset is more apt to be sudden and violent than
that of the other fevers which prevail here, and more apt to occur at night.
Frequently, but not invariably, a chill precedes the fever. There is violent
pain in the forehead at the beginning, soon followed by severe pain in the
lower part of the back. The eyes are red and glistening. Any individual
affected as above described, should immediately go home, go to l)ed, and send
for a physician without delay. Witiiout waiting for his arrival, a hot foot-
bath should be taken, and ])erspiration encouraged by warm drinks and a
moderate cover in bed. If there should be any delay in the arrival of the
physician, a simple purgative should be ttdven; and, if the attack comes on
soon after eating, an emetic of ipecac or mustard would be nd\ isable. Prompt
treatment is of the utmost importance in this disease; and it should be under-
stood that persons ought not to walk about after falling sick, nor get up at all
after once going to bed, until the attack is over."
Dr. William H. Fall, of Cincinnali, gives his method of treatment as fol-
A HISTORY OF TlIK YELLOW FEVER.
59
lows: "In the case of the sponge and vapor baths, the results -were of un-
doubted benefit. The patients always expressed themselves as feeling much
better after their use, and frequently requested that they might have them
more often. I did not resort to hot or tepid-water baths, as I fuund the i-ponge
and vajwr baths to answer all purposes. I higlily apjjrove of ihcir use in this
disease, provided the patient is strong enough to bear tliem ; but where there is
much prostration, they are objectionable. Absolute lest of mind and body is
of the greatest importance, and whatever occurs to mar it is injuricus to the
patient. A^apor and sponge baths may be given to the patient while in bed,
and therefore can not i)roiluce any injurious results, while on the other hand
they may be of decided benefit. They may be used in any stage of the disease.
Every thing necessary for their use is to be f^und in every household, while
jiortable bath-tubs are frequently absent. In reference to the use of the cold
bath in this disease, I can not speak from experience, as I did not resort to it.
It can not, however, be made use of, except in the first stage of the disease, and
even then I doubt the projjriety of its use. Ice-pellets and crushed ice were
given freely to each j^atient, and were taken with relish. Lime-water was
successful in allaying the irritability and acidity of the stomach, even after
black vomit had occurred, and I regard it as one of the best agents we can
emi^loy. Iced champagne was made use of in cases Nos. 3, 4, and 6, and
was very refreshing to the patient, agreeable to the taste, and arrested irrita-
bility of the stomach. Lemonade was given in two cases, but in each dis-
agreed with the stomach, and was vomited. I do not approve of its use
because of its excessive acidity. The salicylate of soda was given in three
cases, and good results were obtained from its use. In the case of Smith,
who recovered, no urine was passed fi)r twenty-four hours, ])ut alter com-
mencing the acid, the flow was reestablished. I think if it had not been
resorted to, condjined with the use of the bath, he wruld most certainly have
died of uremic jioisoning. Cases 4 and 5 did well under its use until Tues-
day night, when the sudden change of temperature produced sirch a change
f<jr the worse in their condition, that they did not rally from it. It has been
remarked that northern breezes are killing to yellow-fever patients, and such
was the result in these cases. I was forcibly struck with the effect the change
of terapei-ature produced upon them, and although every eflxirt was made to
shield them, it was unavailing. The salicylate of soda is a diuretic, diapho-
retic, and antiseptic, and the symptoms and course of the disease clearly in-
dicate it as a proper remedy in the treatment of yellow fever, and I think' we
are justified in giving it a further trial."
Mr. J. Livingston, of 52 Camp Street, New Orleans, who joined the Howard
Association as far back as 1841, and has passed through every epidemic in tliat
city, in a pamphlet published after the epidemic of 1878, offers to tlie puljlic
the ammonia cure, which, if the results he gives are well establislud, voidd
seem to be advanced beyond the domain of theory and into that of fact. He
says: "During last summer I talked much about my treatment. Physicians
would not listen, and non-professional persons had their doctors, who, in their
opinion, could give yellow fever the fits. Occasionally son)e of the unlearned
60
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
thought they would, if occasion required, use the remedy suggested. One old
man, a stranger to mc, was particular in writing my prescription. A few
weeks after lie sent me word that his child was saved by the application.
He could get no physician, a:id so expended twenty-five cents for ammonia
and camphor and applied it as directed. The second day the physician came
and found the child out of dangei-, and that his services were not required.
In riding in the cars one day I explained my theory to a lawyer. Not
long since I met him and he thanked me for saving his two children; 'for,'
said he, ' two days after my conversation with you two of my children were
taken with the fever, and on applying the liquid it acted as described.'
He employed a homeopathic physician and explained what he had done.
There were other cases reported to me, but as I never saw any of them I
can not assert positively that the remedy was effectual, relying upon statements
to me as to the results. I will cite particularly one case under my own obser-
vation. The patient, about forty-five, was in the early part of October taken
with the fever. It was an aggravated case, with great heat, excruciating jiains
in the back and head, and with hemorrhage of the nose and gums, injected or
congested eyes, tongue on the sides very sore, palate and roof of the mouth
the same. It was a genuine case of hemorrhagic yellow fever. The hemor-
rhage commenced with the attack, and I was fearful that there Avas internal
hemorrhage, or that it would soon take place. Cases of this description are
nearly always fatal, and terminate with black vomit. This was niy experience.
As soon as I could I applied aqua ammonia, with an equal portion of
spirits of camphor, commencing at the head, rubbing it well, then the spinal
column — in fact, all over the body. But two applications were made. In an
hour or less time the temperature of the body was much reduced and the pains
all gone. The patient seemed, after the second application, inclined to sleej^.
The heat and pains never returned. Hemorrhage from the gums and nose con-
tinued for several days. On the arrival, in the evening, of an homeopathic
physician, he- found his patient free from fever and jmins. On the third day
he advised rubbing spirits of turpentine over the region of the kidneys, and
gave a few drops of the spirits of sweet nitre, to be followed by watermelon
tea. The urine Avhich flowed after Avas not bloody, but of such a deep red
color as to appear as if it Avas bloody. No nourishment Avas taken until the
fifth day, and then in the shape of beef-tea. After this I gave chocolate, and
eggs boiled very soft, stimulants in the way of Aveak brandy and water, a little
krug, and Englisli ale. I told the patient that all the internal organs Avere
similar to the nose, gums, tongue and eyes, and that as soon as all the soreness
and inflammation disappeared the inflammation of all the other organs Avould
also be gone. From the externals I judge of the appearance and condition of
the internals. On the tenth day the patient sat up and could take more nour-
ishing food. Any indiscretion in eating, in this case, before the healing of the
nose, gums, etc., had taken place, would haA^e brought on a relapse. This AA-as
an undoubted case of very malignant yellow fcA^er. The application used ter-
minated the fever, arrested combustion, prevented internal hemorrhage, and
rendered black vomit impossible. It is my conviction that no medical skill
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
61
could have saved this patient. A continuance of the fever for twenty -four or
forty-eight hours could not but have produced black vomit. T!ie alkali neutral-
ized the poison, and the fever disappeared. This and other cases impressed
upon me the conviction that the right remedy had been applied at the right
time. My next and concluding article will suggest the course to be pursued in
the treatment of this fever. I have never observed any benefit from the ad-
ministration of drugs. My conclusions were these : the process of digestion lo-
gins in the mouth, where the food is cut, crushed and gr(,)un(l. As it is reduced
to a pulp it is moistened by the saliva, a digestive fluid, which is secreted from
the blood by three sets of glands called the parotid, submaxillary, and sublin-
gual. As soon as the food is mixed with this saliva it enters the stomach, and
it there is acted upon by the gastric juice which is secreted by the glands of the
stomach, and is converted into what chemists call chyme. It then passes into
the intestinal canal, is acted upon by the jmncreatic juice, and by the bile from
the liver. These change the chyme into chyle, and in that condition it is then,
by innumerable absorbents, distributed to the various parts of the system, sup-
plying such matter as these various parts need. After all the nutriment is ex-
tracted, the chaff and husks, if I may so say, pass out of the system. In a
healthy organization but very little goes out as excrementitious matter. This
Avhole digestive apparatus, so very complicated, becomes inactive by the action
of the j)oison, and all know that food can not be digested by a yellow fever
patient. A piece of good beefsteak would l)e as fiital in the early stages of this
fever as poison. Now, since the j^rocess of digestion is arrested, how is it pos-
sible for drugs to be acted upon, and how, since every absorbent is inactive,
could the drugs be distributed throughout the system ? It is impossible, ac-
cording to my view. Hence, no treatment is preferable to medicines. As soon
as combustion ceases, which it docs after the poison is neutralized, the whole in-
ternal organism is left in an inflamed condition, just as the gums, nose and
tongue were, in the case described, or I might say the whole was in a raw con-
dition. Medicine can not be applied to a raw surface. Mucilaginous drinks
should first be given. They are emollients and soothe the irritated surface.
They contain also some nourishment. I would give gum aralnc water, flax-
seed tea, mucilage of boiled okra or slippery-elm bark. At first the mildest
emetic should be given, and then a purgative of some of the preparations of
magnesia, or a cooling cathartic, and afterwards diuretics, if necessary. But
in comparatively mild cases diuretics will not be needed, for if the mixture is
applied soon after the fever appears, combustion ceases, the internal organi.-m
will in two or three days be restored to its normal condition. The profession
have a mistaken idea that the yellow fever has a particular spite against the
kidneys. They are in no worse condition than the other glands ; but because
there is no visible manifestation that the kidneys do secrete, ergo the conclusien
has been that the kidneys are in the most disorganized state. Every gland is
in the same condition as the kidneys. The system, after the poison is de-
stroyed, must have time to heal, and food and medicines arrest the healing
process. It is known to all that any indiscretion in eating when the patient
feels well, but before strength has been gained, is apt to produce a relapse,
62
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
often terminating fatally. Keep the patient in bed as long as possible; a day
or two more, even after he feels well, may prevent a relapse. Mucilaginous
beverages, chocolate, eggs boiled very soft, and stimulants, the hrst few days
■will suffice. In conclusion I have demonstrated, I think — my theory — that the
fever is caused by an acid poison — that aqua ammonia, being an all^ali, de-
stroys tlie poison and ends the lever. I always add about equal parts of spirits
of camphor, acting under the impression that campliorisa sedative, and slightly
narcotic, and that it has the tendency to quiet the nervous system. My theory
is a plain remedy, cheap and always at hand, and if it does not cure, it can
not kill."
Dr. Dowell, in his diagnosis and cure of yellow fever, says that " this disease
usually comes on with slight chilly sensation, even preceded by a few hours or
a few days of languor and general malaise. These chills or rigors last for a few
minutes or a few hours, and terminate in a fever of not a very high grade :
pulse about 100, respiration about 20, and heat about 36 centigrade, (102 F.);
acute pain in head, back, and loins, sometimes vomiting mucous and undigested
substances, _and when severe mixed with specks of blood, which is a grave
symptom in the first twenty-four hours of the fever. Patient very nervous,
tremulous, easily excited, startles at any noise. Tliis is especially so in chil-
dren; fever continues regularly for twenty-four to sixty-four hours, generally
abating in thirty-six hours, when there is a calm ; this calm lasts for a few
hours or a day, when it terminates in convalescence, or the fever will return.
In four or five days, say about the fifth day, patient's eyes will become tinged
with yellow, and finally the whole skin will become yellow, like the yellowness
of slight bruise or contusion. The skin does not turn yellow in more than one
case in six, and many die before there is the least yellowness even in the eyes;
not more than one in three turn yellow that die of black vomit. When there
is vomiting and sick stomach from the rise of the fever, the patient is liable,
between or after the third day until final recovery, to vomit up specks of blood
and mucous, which will become blacker, and finally a blackish brown-red, cf
the consistency of chocolate or coffee, but free from lumps. This is the pure
vomito pristo, or black vomit, which is the only positive sign of the disease,,
and I believe it is unlike any thing seen in any other pathological condition. I
have not seen any thing like it in my professional life. I have seen, in con-
gestion of the stomach, black matter, sloughs of the mucous coat, f.nd specks
of blood, generally with some small green specks. This is common with mala-
rial fevers with congestion of the stomach, and these symptoms may occur in
yellow fever, but the brownish black semi-fluid effusion in yellow fever is very
different. This effusion may be in small quantities, leaving specks on the hand-
kerchief or on the bed, or it may come up involuntarily, or may be spit up, or
there will he pint after pint for hours, or even for two or three days. Patient
at this stage is very restless, sighs, halloos, screams, attempts to get up, falls
about, half conscious, and can't tell why he can not lie still, nor can he give
a reason why he cries out. Skin begins in this stage to become yellow, if pa-
tient does not die in a few hours; first a bright jaundice yellow, then a livid
yellow, almost a contused black. In spots over the body blood will ooze out,
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEK.
63
•nose will bleetl, blistered and ciii^ped surfaces will bleed, and show no disposi-
tion to heal. Urinie is generally natural in this stage; will not stain the shirt,
as it always does in jaundice. This fact is very important, for this yellowness
occurs in hienn\turi;i juiasmatica, and the species of delirium also occurs in that
disease, but we sekh^ni liavc liomorrhage from the kidneys in yellow fever.
Most often there is a suppression of urine, and tliough it may be scant, it is
rarely mo:e yellow than natural. Black vomit is tlie hist symptom, for the
patient generally dies either in a few hours or a few days after throwing it up.
The quantity thrown up does not indicate the fatality or hasten dissolution, for
oidy a few mouthful.s seem to be as fatal as bowls full. This bhick stuff' is
often found in the bowels when not vomited up, and not more than one in tlu'ee
that die throw it up. Hence the great difficulty in diagnosing this fever. I
summarize the following symptoms, to be sj^ecially noticed in the order I have
put them down :
"1st. Chill, rigors along the spine.
" 2d. Pain in head, very severe in most cases.
" 3d. Fever not very high, tending to perspiration if kept free from a draft.
" 4th. Stage of calm about third day. Fever lasts but tuenty-four hours, at
least in children, and may run on without iutei-ruption for at least five days.
"5th. No second chill unless 2:)atient has been sulyect to intermittent fever,
when he will often have regular paroxysms each day, or eveiy day for three
days, when it will assume a typhoid type, with red edges to tongue, daik brown
coat in center, and on the fifth and later there will be more or less dryness,
and a disposition to crack and bleed. This will be especially tlie case if the
patient is kept from hot water or made to drink hot teas." Dr. Dowell gives
his treatment as follows: "No nurse should be put in charge of a case who
will not follow directions of doctor or doctors in attendance. This is a great
curse in this city, many taking upon themselves to change their medicines
as well as openly violate the doctoi-'s instructions; such .should always be dis-
charged— the doctor or nurse should be discharged at once. There must be n(j
divisions of these persons, or the 2)atient will most assuredly die. There are S(j
many opinions as to how a patient should be nur.sed; I will only give my own
plan, and what I wish all imrses under my directions to follow; but one thing
all should rememljer, to make no change from doctors' directions. Doors should
not be opened that were ordered to be closed, nor windows. All drafts of a
sudden character should be stiictly avoided — what I think a nurse should do
and might do without the instructions of a doctor — and this is what I recommend :
When chill comes on patient should be put to bed and comfortably covered,
not too hot nor too cold, patient's feelings to be duly consulted in this. If
patient has eaten only a few minutes before, an emetic of nuistardor ipecac may
be given, to remove all the undigested svdjstances in the stomach, as well as make
the patient sweat, and to stoj) the chill. If, however, he has eaten one or two hours
before, a dose of castor-oil witli a little brandy should be given, and repeated if
it does not act, to remove all indigestible substances from the intestinal canal,
which if left might irritate and cause serious gastric congestion, and finally
prepare the way for the black vomit. If by this time the chill is over, the
64
A HISTORY QF THE YELLOW FEVEK.
patieut is perspiring morlerately, he should l>e left alone. But if there is a diy
«kin and thirst, he should have warm teas : orange-leaf is perhaps the best, but
flax-seed is good, sage is good, and even China tea. This should be taken as
freely as patient wants, but should not be Ibrced upon him. Feet should also be
put in hot mustard bath, and kept in a sufficient length of time to cause per-
spiratif)n, and then returned to bed and free from draft, wliich I think is bad at
any and all stages of the disease. If patient gets too warm or sweats too pro-
fusely,^ the cover should bo partially moved, and if there is pain in the head,
the temporal arteries beating, cold cloths should be freely applied, with cither
nitre or muriate of ammonia in tlie water, or ice, if deemed necessary; but
tihese should be used Avith caution, and, when once begun, must be continued,
i use them but seldom, preferring plain cistern water, which may be discon-
tinued or renewed at the desire of the patient. If patient vomits, no emetics
should be used ; no hot teas, especially if there be specks of blood in the vomit.
Mustard plasters should be put to stomach at once, and ice pounded like snow
used if j)atient desires it, instead of teas. If the vomiting continues or tlie
stomach becomes sore, then patient should be cupped at once and freely. This
being done, then for the doctor's prescription. When the fever appears to run
high, and the pain in the back and head is great, I give the following:
" R : Hyd. ch. mitis ;
Quince suli)liati.s;
Opii et ipecac pulvis:
(F. charts, No. 4 :) ua grs. sij.
Sig— One every three hours.
" This is repeated as long as the fever lasts, lessening the dose or increasing the
length of the intervals, from three to six hours, according to circumstances. All
tending to congestions is carefully guarded against, and remedies directed to the
point; all local pains are at once subdued. These are generally done by mus-
tard plasters, cups, and blisters. If skin is still hot I give tincture of aconite,
in ten-drop doses, ever)' two or three hours, sometimes using sweet spirits of
nitre with aconite. This treatment is continued until the fever subsides and the
stage of calm comes on, which would be in thirty-six or fifty-six hours after the
fever rises! If patient is much exhausted and pulse feeble I give brandy toddy,
as much as patient wants, but will not force it on him ; if there is restlessness I
give valei-ianate of zinc, in from five- to ten-grain doses, as often as necessary.
This is better than morphine; but I have used morphine with good results, if
patient can not sleep. If there is retching or vomiting at this stage, I have used,
with the best results, the following :
"R : Brandy, §iv ;
Creosote, 3j ;
Morphine, grs. iv : M.
Sig. — Give tablespoonfiil every three hours, or ac-
cording to circumstances, in a little water.
" I generally put a blister over the stomach, which is generally swollen, sore
and tender to the touch at this stage of the disease. Blister is closely watched
and cuticle kept on if possible, dressed with glycerine and covered with oil-silk,
A HISTOKY OF THE YELLOW FEVER,
65
for they are apt to bleed, and will mcrtify if they are not well attended to.
Should black vomit come in spite of all our eflbrts to keep it back, I continue
the brandy and creosote mixture, and alternate with tincture chloride iron, in
five to thirty drops every two hours, between the brandy or the solution of
perchloride of iron or tannin. The latter does not corrode. By this treatment
twenty-three cases of black vomit recovered under my charge, in 1867. I never
give cpiinine in this stage of calm, or while the fever is off, to a patient with
yellow fever: just the reverse of intermittent fever. It chills the patient, makes
the skin very cold, and causes a cold and clammy sweat, very weakening to the
patient. I allow my patients lemonade, as they want, throughout the disease;
and this must be closely watched or it Avill produce serious ptyalisni, which
should be avoided. When only partial it is a good, favorable sign; but if severe,
will often prove fatal by producing sloughs and hemorrhages. Where the
kidneys do not act I use freely sweet spirits of nitre, tincture of buchu, or
spirits of turpentine, in the usual doses. If a stimulant is necessary in this con-
dition I use gin instead of brandy. Patient should be allowed food whenever
called for, which should be light and nutritious, such as beef-tea, tea and coifee,
to suit patient's taste. Black meats, as pigeons, ducks, Guinea chickens, venison,
etc., in moderation. Patient must be gently fed when fever goes off, if there
is no bad symptoms, or he will sink and the stomach prey on its own membrane,
and nausea and vomiting will follow. There is no disease that requires as close
watching as yellow fever, and none in which judiciously administered medicines
will do more good. Patient should be watched from the stage of calm, or after
the fever leaves, until complete reaction is restored, and should not be allowed
to get out of bed, if possible, using bed-pan on all occasions. They will faint
easily, and to faint is very dangerous at this stage, as the blood is so fibrinated
that clots will form in the heart and arteries and patient die from embolism.
Patient must take no unusual exercise for six weeks, or be exposed to damp or
wet; must carefully avoid all sudden changes, all mental excitement as well as
physical. Relapses do not often occur from very trifling causes, and a relapse
is much worse than the original disease, and must be combated with the same
remedies, but as a general thing will have to be used in much smaller doses, or
the patient will sink. I have thus given the plan with which I have treated
over two thousand cases, with about twenty-five percent, loss, in hospital, taking
all the cases as they come, and in private practice about ten. In children about
five per cent. In 1867 I treated fifty-nine cases from the time they took their
bed until their final recovery, in the hospital (all grown persons — sailors and
employes), and only lost three — my assistant sui'geon, laundress, and one sailor
from a revenue cutter. In 1867 I treated forty-tw o children, and did not lose a
single case (I mean children under twelve years). Three had black vomit."
Dr. Warren Stone, in his Bellevue Hosjjital lecture, diagnoses the disease
and prescribes his treatment of the disease as follows : " In the well-marked cases
there was rigor, pains in the head, back, and limbs, and sometimes a peculiar
capillary engorgement, particularly in the eye. If the patient is placed in bed
at once, with a little assistance he breaks into a sweat, as in common intermit-
tent fever ; this gives some relief, but not much. The pains continue ; but if
66
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
the case is favorable, it will go on until the sweating and heat subside together
at the end of three days. The patient must be kept perfectly quiet; and if he
is then nourished, he will have no return of the suffering. He must not even
be allowed to raise hi.s head. If he gets up, a faintness comes over him, and
the whole process is often renewed, with the addition of nausea and loathing
of food. In this case he almost certainly dies. Tiiis is the history of favorable
cases. Purgatives are not essential, and many do much harm. A mild dose
of oil may be given if there is any thing in the stomach likely to ferment and
prove irritating. A simple injection may prove useful. If patients were seen
in the beginning, I gave them, as soon as perspiration began, a full dose of
quinine. There is no doubt of its good effect in quieting pains and promoting
perspiration. Sometimes a second dose would be advisable the following morn-
ing. This was all that could be done, beyond reguhiting the drink and nourish-
ment. There was nothing more to do. There was no organic disease. Nothing
was revealed by dissection. The poison caused a peculiar condition of the
blood, which afterwards showed itself in the skin. There were many little
points in the treatment which, in the aggregate, were of vast importance. In
regard to the application of ice to relieve the puins in the head, it was common,
but not advisable, and afforded only temporary relief. The reaction from it
was dangerous. Cups to the head, stomach, and back were much used at one
time ; but only in cases of plethora were they of service. Simple applications
of mustard were generally sufficient to relieve the pain in the back. Absolute
rest and nourishment were of the highest jaossible importance. Any form of
stimulant may be given that the patient prefers ; but malt liquors are the best.
Brandy may often be given, even with the fever. Beef- tea is necessary, and
if the stomach can not retain it, it must be given by injection. Where there
is acidity of the stomach, small doses of bicarbonate of soda, combined with
the one-thirty-second part of a grain of morphia, had often an excellent effect.
Sponging the patient is grateful and appropriate, but on no occasion must he
be disturbed by the treatment. There is much in anticipating certain symp-
toms. If there is a disposition to delirium and Avandering, it may be guarded
against by mild anodynes and stimulants. If this delirium is allowed to con-
tinue, the patient becomes comatose, and dies. It must be remembered that
yellow fever patients are wholly irresponsible, and though they may talk rea-
sonably, they do not appreciate their own condition. It was exceedingly
difficult to keep patients quiet in bed ; yet it was the most essential part of the
treatment. I once saved an intelligent sea captain, during one of the epi-
demics, by threatening to cut his throat if he dared to stir from a given posi-
tion in the intervals of my visits. The treatment of yellow fever is simple.
In old times, people thought because it was a mighty disease it needed mighty
remedies; and, when I first went to New Orleans, it was customary to give
sixty-grain doses of calomel, and even more than that; and yet some patients
even then got well. With rational treatment, a large proportion will recover.
The chief difficulty lies in preventing the patient fi-om committing fatal actsi
of indiscretion in the absence of his physician. It should be remembered that
every thing depends on rest and nutrition, and that nothing can be gained by
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
67
depletion. It is even better to allow the bowels to remain unmoved for five
or six days than to run the risk of giving active purgatives."
Samuel B. Washburne, late a captain of the volunteer navy of the United
States, furnishes the following method of treatment. He says: "My first
knowledge of the pestilence was in New Orleans, at the time it prevailed so
frightfully in 1847. I think that was the year. I was then the first mate of
the ship Herculean, Captain Isaiah Chase. We went to New Orleans in the
month of August, to take in a cargo of cotton for Liverpool, and were in port
for weeks when the fever was at its height, and expecting every day to be
stricken down. During tliis time I watched the progress and treatment of the
disease; and Captain Chase and myself determined on the treatment we would
pursue in case either of us or any of our crew should be attacked. Having,
after great delay, got our cargo on lioard, with much difficulty we shipped a
crew. The shipping-agent delivered the men on board one evening, and we
were immediately taken in tow, and on the next morning we were in the
Balize. Early in the day symptoms of the fever were developed among the
crew. Without losing a moment, Captain Chase and myself applied the
remedies we had agreed upon. The patient was covered all over with thick
■woolen blankets, and his feet put into a tub of very hot water, well charged
with mustard. After half an hour, and when in a full perspiration, two men
with coarse, dry towels gave liim a thorough ruljbing down, until the whole
body was in a glow, and the circulation in a good state. He was then put to
bed and covered with blankets. In another half-hour an immense dose of
castor-oil was administered. The patient was not permitted to leave his bed,
but was kept very quiet, and limited to a very light and careful diet. No
other medicine was given except r,n occasional dose of oil. We had four cases,
and all recovered. In July, 1850, I found myself at Para, under the equator,
in command of the ship Edward Henry. The yellow fever was then raging
there with a malignity and fatality almost without a parallel. All business
was suspended for more than two months, and the death rate was fearful,
particularly among the shipping. There were many vessels in port that lost
every man on hoard, officers and crew. Every single man on my ship was
attacked. I was fully prepared, and had determined to apply the same treat-
ment as on the Herculean. The American consul advised me, in the event of
the fever breaking out, to send my men to the hospital on shore ; but I declined,
preferring to treat them myself. It was well I did so, for scarcely a sailor
who went to the hospital ever came out alive. As soon as a man showed the
least symptoms of the fever, I put him through the same course of treatment
as I have stated, and every man recovered. As for myself, I happily escaped
the fever both in New Orleans and Para, but had an attack of it at Brashear
City, Louisiana, in the summer of 1863, when in command of the United
States iron-clad steamer Nyanza. My attack was a liglit one, and yielded
readily to the remedies I had so successfully applied to others."
Two contrasting cases are those offered by Dr. George W. Moore, of the
Hernando Road, near Memphis, and Dr. E. J. Pitts, of Shreveport, La.
Tiie latter gives his personal experience of the ice treatment. He cays: "In
68
A HISTORY OF THE TEI.LOW FEVER.
Navisota, Texas, in the fall of 1867, I ^vas attacked about midiiiglit, but did
not call a physician (Dr. Jones) until next morning, and he pronounced it yellow
fever of the most malignant type, as did all other physicians whom he con-
sulted. I was given a most active i3urgative, of which I think the principal
ino-redient was calomel, and took quiuiue during the day in great quantities;
but my fever did not abate in the least, but rather grew wor-^e. The next day
I was so reckless of life tiuit I resolved to try an experiment to kill or cure;
my main object was to relieve myself of pain. So I hired the waiter to bring
a tub of cold water m my room and put sufficient ice in it to make it almost
in the freezing state. I drank often of ice-water, though little at a time, and
swallowed pounded ice in lumps ahnost as large' as my thumb; this threw the
heat on the outward surface. I then wet my head and neck, and gradually
got in the tub of ice-water and bathed my whole body freely for five or ten
minutes, until I felt un})leasantly cold, and then immediately got in bed and
wrapped up- warmly, and soon got in a profuse perspiration, and i'ell into a
pleasant slumber which lasted four or five hours. When I aw'oke I was entirely
free from fever and from all pain, and was entirely Avell in a few days."
Dr. Moore's treatment is of another extreme, and is thoroughly heroic. He
says: "I may premise by stating that I have a long experience in a disease
known to the profession as 'malarial htematuria' or 'swamp fever.' It has
prevailed extensively in the jNIississippi swamps. The treatment which I jiur-
sue has been successful in every case, no matter how malignant. Now, as I
consider malarial htematuria nothing more than a bastard form, or rather the
twin-sister of yellow fever, I have adopted the same course of treatment in the
present epidemic; and I am happy to add, that in every case, no matter how-
malignant, my cases have got well when called before the death symptoms (of
black vomit or suppression of urine) have supervened. Now- for a slight synopsis
of the treatment I pursue. If called early in the disease, I give calomel ten
grains, with one-half grain of ipecac; in four to six hours I scour out the
bowels with oil and terpentine; on the first decline of fever I give from three
to five grains of quinine every two hours until twenty or thirty grains are
taken : sometimes combine a small portion of Dover's powders to allay nerv-
ousness and restlessness. From the beginning I order hot foot-baths, with
23louty of mustard, also large mush and mustard poultices over the bowels. I
also use a saturated solution of the chloral of potassa all through the disease to
act on the secretions. As a nourishment T use beef-tea or chicken-w-ater."
Two other and equally remarkable contrasts in treatment are furnished, the
one by Mrs. Jane G. Swisshelm — who recommends hot water compresses and
jiacks, with homeopathic medicines for internal treatment — the other Dr. S. Alex-
ander, of Clinton, Miss., w-hieh is almost as heroic as Dr. Moore's, though w-ith
different (root) remedies. He says: "The treatment should be varied accord-
ing to present indications, but always cleansing, stimulating, and sustaining.
If you find your patient in the fiist stage with the chill upon him, give him
strong, stimulating teas, as good composition or bayberry, African and w-ild
ginger, equal parts-; or ginger and bayberry in sage tea ; or sage, or catnip,
bayberry and cayenne ; or bavberry, boneset, and ginger. If a free use of any
f
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
69
of the preceding teas should have a tendency to produce vomiting, give a tea-
spoonfal or more of lobelia-powder in a cuj) of the tea, to make him to do it
Mell and thoroughh', and prevent that congestion -which makes him vomit too
nuieli. Nine cases out of ten should be vomited at once to cleaase the stomach.
Much attention should be paid to the surface. It should be thoroughly cleansed
either by the vapor bath, the warm bath, or warm water and soap (the first is
the best), and if hot, dashed with cool alkaline water after it; if cool, rubbed
with a liniment made of a tablespoonful of caj'cnne in half a pint of good
cider vinegar. While chill or fever is on, the thirst can be allayed by acidu-
lated drinks, as with vinegar, lemonade, sunuichberries, simple gi'ape-juiee,
apple-water, etc. Good tonic bitters should be freel}' given after the system is
thoroughly cleansed and the fever is off — not before. If the bowels are inactive;
give enemas of a tea of etjual piarts of cayenne, lobelia, and slippery elm. ; If:
they are too loose give one of these, and follow its action with one of .bayberrv
for some other good astringent) and ginger and cayenne. Remember to bring
the action to the surface as soon as you can, and maintain it there in a gentle
softness of the skin, not profuse persjiii'ation, which would prostrate, but just a
comfortable freedom from heat and dryness. As soon as the stomach is
cleansed and the action of the surface is restored, give enough of the following
to move the liver and the bowels gently: sny, one grain of the extract of man-
drake, two grains of the extract of black root, and five gi-ains of rhubarb..
Should tliis dose fail to act in fi'om six to eight hours, use the best Alexandria
senna, in small do^es, until the object is accomplished. Before and after the
action of the medicine give a wine-glass of Virginia snake-root tea, with sage
or pepper tea as a sudorific. The stomach cleansed, the action of the surface
being restored, the liver and bowels being relieved, all that is wanting to com-
plete the cure is good nursing, close attention, a judicious repetition of the same
means as the exigencies of the case may demand. Convalescence of this dis-
ease requires to be watched with peculiar care."
Dr. Masderville, physician to Charles IV, publi-shed in New Orleans, in a
work dedicated to the Governor Baron de (Jarondelet, in 1796, the following a:?
a safe treatment: "An antimonial mixture, in viper water ; five ounces of
emetic wine; one ounce of cream of tartar; a tcaspoonful for a dose. After
the fifth day give an eleetuar}^ of salt of wormwood, tartar emetic, and Peru-
vian bark, in divided doses." The third and last remedy (lavement), called
the blessed laxative, was composed of antimonial wine-water, honey, and oil.
He i-ejected cordials, blisters, and blood-letting. He considered life as residing
in the blood, as declared by Moses (Leviticus xvii, 14), and denounces venesec-
tion as dangerous for tliat reason, as life and health depend u])on it. He main-
tains that his method is a true specific against all tlie fevers of S[)ain and
America, as he knew from an experience of twenty years. His most Catholic
Majesty commanded the Spanish physicians to follow his prescription and to
prescribe nothing else. He blamed the physicians of Havana for not having,
adopted this " blessed" method of treatment.
Dr. Mitchell, of New York, who was born in 1763, and died in 1831, Dow-
ler says, learned alike in jihysic, physics, and politics, influential at home and
70
A HISTORY OF THE YKF.I.OW Jb'KVKR.
abroad, exercised at the beginning of the present century an influence over the
l)ublic mind rivaling that of Dr. Rush. This great New York professor and
M'jmber of Congress claimed to have discovered tlie demon of all epidemics, p-ir-
ticularly that of yellow fever, called by him Septon, that reigned by virtue of the
principle of Acidity in the earth, air, and water, causing corruption everywhere ;
v.'hereiipon, lie inaugurated Alcalinity into power with a scrub broom in one
hand and a bucket of lime-water or soap suds in the other, by which only
" Grim Septon" could be conquered. Dr. Mitchell moved, in Congress, the ap-
pointment of a committee with tlie view of reporting on the purification of
sliips by alkalies in order to destroy this pestilential Septon. The Secretary of
tlie Navy adopted the theory, or at least the practice, Avhich latter he ordered to
be carried into effect. Books, pamphlets, and letters soon appeared against
Septon and for Alcalies. The next year an article appeared in the Medical Re-
pository, having the title following: "Dr. Chalmers on the Acidity of the At-
mosphere of South Carolina." The fading of goods, the rusting of metals, and
other effects of atmospheric acidity were gravely announced as indubitable
proofs of this theory. Dr. Hosack and many others adopted Dr. Mitchell's
theory of Septic acid as being the cause, and alkalies as the preventive' of yel-
low fever. Lime-water and the like Avere reckoned to be vastly important in
neutralizing the Septic acid, which was considered very corrosive, particularly
after black vomit appeared. Dr. Cathrall, of Philadelphia, read a paper before
the American Philosophical Society on the analysis of black vomit, in wliich
he asserted that there was an acid in this liquid which was inert to the taste and
smell, and harmless when swallowed.
In their report to Congress, the Homeopathic Yellow Fever Commission of 1878
.state that, in their treatment for yellow fever they did not have recourse to any of
the allopathic remedies. Some acknowledged the occasional use of an anodyne
to produce sleep in cases of extreme wakefulness or restlessness. Some gave a
little carbonate of soda for sick stomach, or sulphurcarbolate of soda for black
vomiting, or frictions or enemata of quinine in collapse. One supplied a blis-
ter or two, a kind of coarse, external iionieopatby ! another gave watermelon-
«eed tea for suppression of urine. Foot-baths, sponging, enemas, warm and
■cold applications, frictions, stimulants, regulations of diet and of covering, of
tlie temperature of the sick room, and ventilation of the same, were resorted to.
"The great therapeutic question of the first stage," they say, "is how to re-
•duce the extreme high temperature, which, if long continued, will inevitably
"destroy the integrity of the blood and arrest the processes of nutrition in the
molecules of every organ of the body. The homeopathic physician would take
Aconite, the great homeopathic antiphlogistic, and giving it in very small doses
frejuenthj repeated, would equalize the circulation, quiet the nervous system, and
reduce the temperature in a gradual and satisfactory manner, without the pos-
sibility of doing the least harm. Leaving nature all her strength and her re-
:sourc2s unimpaired, he would do the greatest amount of good practicable under
the circumstances of each case. The whole secret consisted in selecting the
Temedy according to the homeopathic law, and in using it in very small doses
'frequently repeated. The last fact we can best illustrate by saying that water
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
71
dropped, drop by drop, upon a stone, will make more impression upon it than
a thousand times the quantity dashed against it at once. The liomeopatliic
pliysieian has more genuinely homeopathic remedies for the second stage than
for the first, among them the giants arsenic, crotalus, and carbo vegetabilis.
Here, too, he gives smaller doses, and with still better effect. He has more re-
coveries af.er black vomit. He checks hemorrhages without the use of thiit
relic of su 'gical barbarism, the actual cauter}^ which was actually used upon a
little child in New Orleans last summer. He restores the secretion of urine
without diuretics. He rouses liis patient from a deeper collapse, and saves him
from the most desperate condition. The action of homeopathic remedies in the
second stage of yellow fever frerpiently reminds us of their similar etficiency in
tlie collapsed stage of Asiatic cholera."
The homeopathic coinmissiini quote, as an endorsement which they .seem
to lay particular stress up ni, the treatment followed by Dr. Charles Belot, of
Havana, Cuba, who has passed through eighteen epidemics, and has treated
about a thousand patients annually. That gentleman says: "One very good
auxiliary, wdiich should never be neglected in resisting local congestion, and
to diminish the phisticlty of the blood, is the tincture of aconite. This remedy,
given in doses of six droi)s in twelve ounces of water, administered by spoonfuls
every hour, has a truly mngical power. The pulse becomes softer, and its fre-
quency diminishes, whilst the heat of tbe skin subsides as perspiration is estab-
lished. It should never be neglected in the first or congestive period." Dr. Belot
has also discovered that arsenic, pronounced by the concurrent voice of all our
physicians to be the best remedy in the second stage, is, in reality, a magnificent
remedy in the malignant cases of yellow fever. Hear him again: "Towards
the end of the second period, when the vomiting c!in not be arrested, when the
patient has continual nausea, when the vomit contains bile or mucosities, filled
with blackish or .sanguinoleat streaks, there is no better remedy than arsenic.
Prescribed under fitting circumstances, arsenic often brings unhoped-for ame-
lioration. As for arsenic, whilst it may be difficult to appreciate its action in
theory, its happy infiuence in this case is as certain as that of sulphate of
quinine in intermittent diseases."
The Rev. C. K. Marshall, of Vicksburg, a gentleman who enjoys the confi-
dence of all who know him ; who has always been held in the highest esteem
by his fellow-citizens of Mississippi, and who has had a life-time experience with
yellow fever, warmly endorses the homeopathic treatment, and predicts its
triumph over all others in the future He says, writing in 1878: " The result
of my observation is, that no treatment yet compares with the homeopathic. I
will give some fact?: One lady here has treated from fifty to seventy cases
without the loss of one. Slie is a brave, woinanly woman, who had never had
the fever, and went among her neig'nbors, colored and white, because physicians
could not be had, until stricken down herself, and iier husband also. But they
were treated by the same method, and recovered. I know several other ladies
of clear heads, cool and calm spirits, who have done the same thing, only not
to the same extent, but with success. Our regular homeopathic physicians were
both originally allopaths. They both are quite advanced in years, but somehow
72
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
have not faltered on account of years, though one of tliem fell sick of the fever;
but he is all right again. They have been most laborious; and probably no
two physicians have seen as many i>atients or lost as few, for no remedies can
save all. One of these physicians had three sons, young men, away in busi-
ness in places where the fever: had not jdantad its black banner. He sent
for them, one at a time, to come home and be sick, have the fever, and pre-
jiare for more useful lives as physicians. They came, and he has got all through
but one, and he is waiting, as confident his father will bring him through as
he is of his name. Indeed, I could fill pages with interesting facts about this
treatment. But it will be treated with respect hereafter; and why not ? The
allopathic physicians have each a method of cure. Of forty together, it is
doubtful if five practice alike. The populace see this. Dr. Chopin, of gi-eat
and just celebrity, says to the physicians of New Orleans: 'Experiment! ex-
periment!' The people have seen, what they call by pretty hard names, the
sacrifice of valuable lives by these dreadful ' experiments.' Is it to be wondered
at that they are trying experiments with the ' little sugar pellets that amount
to nothing? ' The system makes converts here daily."
It was remarked by Dr. Dowell, and other well known medical experts, who
practiced in Memphis in 1878, that the yellow fever of that year was peculiarly
virulent and violent, and particularly fatal. Most of the methods of treat-
ment given in this chapter were resorted to, and often with gratifying results.
Others not here reported, which wei'e of a thoroughly heroic character, were in
some cases remarkably successful. But generally, the treatment set forth by
Dr. Mitchell was that resorted to, and which proved most satisfactory in its
results and most successful. ■ In New Orleans, also, experience forced the con-
viction that the vi sitation which last year afflicted so large a scope of country
was not only wholly unparalleled, but phenomenal. The veteran of half a dozen
epidemics did not pretend to disguise his amazement. " The disease," the New
Orleans Times reported, " admitted the bewilderedvdisciple of Esculapius into
entirely new realms. Tenets which in that region had been articles of faith
for more than half a century, suddenly collapsed and vanished into thin air.
No sooner did the astonished believer in the immunity cf all who were 'to the
manner born' find himself confounded by the death of half a score cf native
patients, than he is met with the new heresy — judicious nourishment is not a
death warrant. From a time when the memory of man runneth not to the con-
trary, it had been an axiom in this city, that an era of convalescence is an era
of starvation. Bronzo John invariably came in the orthodox way; light fever,
gradual delirium, a sharp tussel, slow convalescence, and almost total abstenu-
ousness. The convalescents of 1853 went for three months without daring to
eat a full meal. ' Miintenant nous avons change tout cela.' There were patients
of the epidemic of 1878, on the contrary, who ate the leg of a broiled spring
chicken forty-eight hours after the fever made his conge. The jJopular belief
in blankets seemed to be completely extinguished. Light covering, often a
single sheet, and perfect ventilation, appeared to be the triumphal path towards
rapid recovery and wholesome recuperation. The reasons eet forth for this
phenomena are thus set forth by a physician : 'I,' he says, ' can divide my
A HISTORY OF THE YET>LOW FEVEPw
73
cases into two general classes — wet and dry. All are different, l)nt tliis subdi-
vision sejiarates them sufficiently to be clearly understood. A s'ck person with
a moist skin yields readily to the ordinary treatment, and can be j)urged and
quiniiied to one's heart's content; but the dry skin and liot fever is a dangerous
subject, and a physician is justified in adopting any method that will take him
out of that dilemma. Slieets dipped in h(jt water, fanning, constant sponging,
if they will diminish temperature, should be resorted to; but, very naturally,
each individual requires special treatment, and tliat is the only general rule.' An-
other successful practitioner gave light nourishment, even at the risk of slightly
increasing the temperature, insisting that the jiatient should be sustained to
withstand a fearful drain up:)n the vitality. There were many physicians who
clung to the ancient methods, insisting upon low diet with as much tenacity as
thej' did thirty years ago. Many of these were successful, Init all conceded
that the disease which afflicted the Soutli in 1878 was extiemely dangerous in
type, peculiar in character, and, in short, wholly different from the yellow fever
as heretofore experienced and known." There is not a word of this that tliose
■who have ex})erienced the fever, or who have hiul experience in yellow fever
epidemics, will not endorse, and with it the following very positive utterances
of Di". dhojiin, as to remedies : " We liioiv of iioiJiiiif/ in, ilie vaij of remedies ifJiieli
.ii'tll dicck the dmase. I know of mne. Eveiy kind of trentment meets with
about equal sncce.'^s, or the results vary very little. Of course, common sense
in the ajiplication of the treatment will do more than cnuld be obtained without
its exhibition. Yet we are at a los.t to know how to eheck the mvuges of the fever
when it attacks the human liody."
CHRONOLOGY OF YELLOW FEVER.
(75)
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEK.
77
CHRONOLOGY OF YELLOW FEVER.
The visitations of yellow fever to this and other countries, whether epidemic
or not, so far as any record of them has been preserved, follow in regular
sequence, its origin, causes, methods and means of jjropagation and of trans-
mission, diagnosis, and cure. It has never made its appearance in Asia nor in
Australia ; nor in any of the Islands of the Pacific Ocean ; and it has only
been felt sporadically on the Pacific coast of North and South America. In
Eui'ope it has invaded Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, and England. In South
America it has prevailed in British Guiana, Columbia, Peru, Bolivia, Buenos
Ayres, and the Brazils. In North America it has invaded Honduras, Mexico,
all the West India Islands, Canada, and the following States of the Union:
Maine, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Connecticut,
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New Yoik, Delaware, Maryland, Illinois, Indiana,
Missouri, Ohio, Kentucky, West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, Mississippi, Ai-kansas, Louisiana,
Florida, Texas; also the Indian Territory. It is said to have originated in
Africa ; but of this we know nothing. Except the reference to Hertado, by
Dowell, we have not a word with which to hinge that continent to the scourge.
We have no data of its ravages on the " dark continent," no record of its visit-
ations. So far as these have been preserved, they are confined to Europe, to
North and South America, and to the West India Islands, as will be seen from
the following chronological statement:
1596 to 1C99.
The first authentic record we have of the appearance of the yellow fever is
that which occurred in Central America in 1.596. Subsequently we hear of it in
New England among the Indians in 1618. After that in the Island of St. Lucia
in 1664, where it killed over 1,411 out of a population of 1,500 soldiers, being in
the ratio of 1 in 1.06 of the whole number. We next hear of it in the same
place in 1665, when, out of 500 sailors, 200 died, being 1 in 2.5; and again in
1666, when every man, wonum, and child of 5,000 died. New York, in 1668,
"Was visited by it for the first time ; Boston in 1691 , and again in 1693. Philadel-
phia was visited, for the first time, in 1695. In 1699 it again visited that city,
the mortality being given as 220, which no doubt was very heavy, as the inhabi-
tants were but few in numbers, the place being then only seventeen years old,
78
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEB.
having been laid out by William Penn in 1682. Charleston, S. C, was also
visited for the first time this year, but what the mortality was we have no means
of knowing.
1702 4o 1799.
1702. —The yellow fever broke out in New York and raged with great fury
until the thirtieth of September, the mortality reaching 570. It also appeared
at Biloxi, Miss., in that year, which was its first visitation on the Gulf coast.
1705. — Mobile, and at the same time in Cadiz, Spain — its first appearance in
Europe.
1728.— Charleston, S. C.
1731. — Cadiz again suflfered.
1732. — Charleston, S. C. In this year it commenced in May and continued
until October, a period of nearly four months, some weeks beyond the limit it
usually takes — ninety days.
' 1733.— Cadiz.
1734. — ^Cadiz ; also in St. Domingo, where the mortality Avas as high as 1
in 5 of the population, and 1 in 2 of the number of cases. Charleston
also suffered in that year.
1739.— Charleston, S. C.
1741. — Philadelphia suffered a loss of 250. New York was also visited in
that year; and the village of HoUiston, Middlesex County, Mass., twenty-five
miles from Boston, suffered a loss of 15 souls.
1742. — ^New York and Philadelphia were both visited.
1743. — New York and Philadeljihia again visited, the former losing 217 per-
sons. New Haven, Conn., had this year its first visitation, and Catskill on tho
Hudson River.
1744. — It appeared almost simultaneously in Philadelphia and Cadiz.
1745. — Charleston, S. C, New York, and Stamford, Conn., were invaded.
1746. — Albany, N. Y., commencing in August.
1747. — New York and Philadelphia; also Norfolk, Va., for the first time.
1748. — New York and Charleston again, the latter after an interregnum of
two years.
1753.— Charleston, S. C.
1755.— Charleston, S. C.
1761. — Charleston, S. C.
1762. — New York, Charleston, and Philadelphia. In the latter city it began
in August and continued until November.
1763. — Nantucket Island, Mass., lost 259 persons by it, which must have
been a very severe mortality.
1764. — Pensacola, Fla. , received its first visitation. Cadiz also received a call.
1765. — It broke out afresh in Pensacola, Fla., and carried off 125 persons.
Mobile also suffered from it during that year.
1766. — Mobile again.
1768. — Charleston.
1769. — New Orleans.
1770. — Charleston.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
79
1790. — Xew Yoi'k, comniciiciug in August and ending October loth.
1791. — New York, New Orleans, and Philadelphia.
1792. — Charle.^ton and New Yoik.
1793. — In New Grenada it appeared among the sailors, the proportion of
death.? to ca.ses amounting to 1 in 3 of .sailors; soldiers and white inlialv
itants, to 1 in 5 ; and of a total of l,13t) of the soldiers alone, 630 dieil,
Ijeing in proportion to population 1 in 1.8. It also visited New York, New
Orleans, Southwark, and Kensington, both the latter in Philadelphia County,
Pa.; also the city of Philadelphia, commencing there in the month of
August and ending in December, the deaths footing up the fearful total of
4,041 ; the ratio of mortality being 1 in 10 of the population.
1794. — It occupied a wide extent of territory — Catskill, N. Y., New York
City, New Haven, Conn., Providence, R. I. Philadeli)hia, Norfolk, Va.,
Charleston, S. C, New Orleans, and Baltimore. The same year it prevailed in
Havana, Cuba, where the mortality in proportion to numbers was 1 in 1.1 on
some ships, and 1 in 1.1 in jM-oportion to the whole number of cases. It also
this year (1794) attacked Sir Ch. Grey's Army, in the Windward and Leeward
Islands, and of an estimated 2)opulation of 12,000, there was a mortality of
6,012— being 1 in 2. »
1795. — It appeared for tlie first time in AVest Neck, Suffolk County, N.
Y., and in New Oileans, Baltimore, Boston, Charleston, Norfolk, Va. , and
New York. In the latter city there was a mortality of 730. In Hunt-
ington, Suffolk County, on Huntington Bay, N. Y., the di.sease also ajipeared,
and at Bristol, R. I., on Narragansett Bay; also at Providence, R. I.
1796. — It appeared for the first time in Chatham, Middlesex Co., Conn.,
commencing in August, and resulting in a mortality of 9. New Orleans
also suffered that year, Dowler says, for the first time. New burj'port, Mass. ,
■was also visited this year for the first time ; and Boston, Ma.«s., commencing in
August; also New York, and Gallipolis, Ohio, on the Ohio River, where half
the garrison and many of the French settlers died in ten days. It also
appeared in Philadelphia, Bristol, R. I., Charleston, S. C, Norfolk, Va.,
Wilmington, N. C, and St. Nicholas in the Island of San Domingo, where
the mortality is .set down as 1 in 2; also the Island of Guadaloupe, where,
out of a population estimated at 20,000, there was a mortality of 13,807, being
a proportion to population of 1 in 1.47. In the same island (in 1796), out of
367 artillerymen there was a death-list of 129, being a proportion to population
of 1 in 2.8. It also prevailed in New Grenada that year.
1797. — It prevailed in New Orleans and Baltimore, commencing in August
and ending in Noveml)er; also in New Design, St. Louis Co., twenty miles
below St. Louis, Mo., where 57 deaths resulted, being more than one-
fourth of the inhabitants. In New York, Charleston, S. C, and Philadelphia,
commencing August 1st and ending October 15th, Avith a mortality of 1,300 —
1 in 50 of the entire population. In Norfolk, Va., Bristol, R. I., and
Providence, R. I., commencing at this last mentioned point August 13th, and
ending the same month, with a mortality of 45.
1798. — It prevailed in Hartford, Conn., New London, Conn., on Thames
6
80
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEYER.
River, three miles from the ocean, commencing August 26th and ending
Xoveniber, ■with a mortality of 81. Also in Norwalk, Conn., Stonington,
Conn., on Long Island Sound; N^ew Castle and Wilmington, Del. The
last-mentioned place suffered a loss of 255 persons. Baltimore also lost 200
persons. Boston and Salem, Mass., -were visited; also Portsmouth, N. H.,
three miles from the ocean, commencing in August and ending in October,
inortality, 100. It swept Burlington, N. J., twenty miles from Delaware Bay;
also Port Elizabeth, N. J., commencing August 9th and ending in September,
Avith a mortality of 6. Woodbury, N. J., Albany, N. Y., Greenfield, Sara-
toga Co., N. Y., far inland, Huntington, N. Y., New York City, com-
mencing in August and ending in November, the mortality being 2,080.
Chester, Pa., on Delaware River, mortality 50. Marcus Hook, Pa., on
Delaware River, Philadelphia, Pa., commencing August 1st and ending
November 1st, with a mortality of 3,500, being 1 in 15.50 of the entire popu-
lation. Westerly, R. I., on Pawcatuck River, Charleston, S. C, Norfolk, Va.;
Petersburg, on Appomattox River, also City Point, on James River, Ya.,
both for the first time; also the Island of St. Domingo, where, out of a popula-
tion of 25,000 soldiers, the mortality in proportion to population was -1 in 1.14.
1799. — New Orleans, Baltimore, New York, commencing in July and
ending in November, mortality 76. New Berne, N. C, on the Meuse
River, for the first time. Bald Eagle Valley, in tlie center of Pennsylvania,
Nittany, Centre Co., Pa., far inland, Philadelphia, commencing in July and
ending in November, with a mortality of 1,000; the Island of Guadaloupe.
Charleston suffered a mortality of 239. Norfolk, Va. , was also visited. This
year, on the ship Delaware, where the number of cases reached 40, there was
n mortality of 20, being a proportion of 1 in 2.
1800 to 1879.
1800. — This year the yellow fever appeared in Hartford, Conn., New Orleans,
Baltimore, Boston, New Bedford (on Buzzard Bay), Mass., New York, com-
mencing in September and ending October 14th. The mortality in the ]\Iarine
Hospital in that city Avas 21. Washington, N. C, on Tar River, Philadelphia,
Pa., Providence, R. I., where 134 died; Charleston, S. C, which sufiered a mor-
tality of 184; Norfolk, Va., commencing July 26th, ending October 30th, mor-
tality 250; Wilmington, N. C, Vera Cruz. In Cadiz, out of a population of
71,491, 57,499 remained in the city. The number of cases was 48,520, the mor-
tality 7,387, being in proportion to the entire population 1 in 9.56, and to popu-
lation remaining 1 in 7.67. The deaths, in proportion to cases, were 1 in 6.42.
In the Cadiz Hospital, the proportion of deaths to cases was 1 in 2. At
Zeres, Spain, witli a population of 33,000, the number of cases aggregated
30,000, mortality 12,000 to 13,000, being in proportion to population 1 in
2.54, and to cases 1 in 2.5, or 1 in 3. At Puerto Santa Maria, counting
a population of 20,000, the mortality was 400, being 1 in 50. At San
Lucas, with a population of 18,000, the mortality was 3,000 — 1 in 6.
At Ecija, containing 40,000 inhabitants, the number of cases was 400, mor-
tality 100 — 1 in 4. At Seville, with a population of 80,568, the number
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
81
of cases is recorded at the extraordinar}^ figure of 76,488, the nioi-talit}- bein^,'
14,685; in proportion to population, 1 in 5.5, in iiroportiou to cases, 1 in 5.21.
At the General Hospital, in the same city, the number of cases was 2,365,
mortality 1,556, l)eing 1 in 1.45. At Santa Caridad ((Seville) the number of
cases was 81, mortality 44, proportion 1 in 2. In Havana, 9,977 perished
from yellow fever.
1801. — IS^ew Orleans, Baltimore, and New Bedford, INIass., ucre visited;
al.so New Yoi'k, commencing Scptendicr and ending Octol)or; moi'tality, 16.
One hundred and forty died, in October, at Queensborough, Orange Co., N. Y.
Philadelphia, Pa. (sporadic). Black Island, R. I., on Long Island Sound, some
continuing for nearly six months, commencing in June and endir.g in Decem-
ber. Norfolk, Va. At Seville, number of cases 1,100, of which 66)0 resulted
fatally, being a proportion of 1 in 1.75. Savannah, Norwich, Couu., Charles-
ton; Havana, population within and without the walls 95,000, mortality 2,366.
Vera Cruz, Jamaica, St. Domingo, Medina, Sedonia (S^min). At Leghorn,
Italy, 150 died daily for several months.
1803.— P(jrtsniouth, N. H., deaths, 10; A7ilmington, Del., mortality 86;
New Orleans, Baltimore, Boston, mortality 60; New York, mortality (at Marine
Hospital) 2; Philadelphia, mortality 307; Charleston, S. C, mortality 96 —
more than half the attacked recovered; Norfolk, Va.; St. Domingo, population
40,000 (principally soldiers), estimated number of cases, 27,000, mortality
20,000; proportion, 1 in 2, proportion to cases, 1 in 1.33, 1 in 1.2; Martinique,
population, 11,085 (principally soldier.s), estimated number of cases, 8,673,
mortality, 2,891; proportion to population, 1 in 3.8; proportion to cases, 1 in 3;
Guadaloupe (1802), 7; population, 16,363, mortality 5,057; proportion to
population, 1 in 3.2. INIortality (in 1802) in West Indies, among French troops,
57 per cent. Vera Cruz, 428 cases admitted into the Hospital of St. Sebas-
tian, of which nundier 60 died; in the city 1,500 died of fever.
1803. — Alexandria, Va., commencing August 1st, mortality 200; New
Haven, Conn., New York, commencing July 18th and ending in October,
mortality 6,700; Lisburn, Pa., nine miles from Harrisburg, commencing in
August; Philadelphia, mortality 195; Charleston, S. C, 200 to 300 deaths;
Winchester, Va., Norfolk, Va., Catskill, N. Y., commencing August lOtli and
ending September 28th, mortality 8. Martinique, last six months of 1803 and
first six months of 1804,* nundier of cases, 2,462, mortality 546; propoi-ti(Mi to
cases, 1 in 4.5; Guadaloupe, 3,500 troops, mortality 2,700; proportion to
population, 1 in 1.3. Out of 3,700 population 2,900 died. Vera Cruz
(hospital), population 16,000 to 17,000; number of cases 428, mortality 69;
proportion to popvdation, 1 in 2.40, proportion to cases, 1 in 6.2; total mor-
tality, 1,310. Mortality in West Indies (in 1803) among French troops was
3.5.7 percent. At Malaga, 48,015 inhabitants remaining out of 51,745, 16,517
eases resulted, of which 6,884 proved fatal, being 1 in 4.1 of remaining popu-
lation, and 1 in 2.4 of cases. Some accounts say that 12,000 to 13,000 died.
At Barcelona, of 73 cases 30 died, beins: 1 in 2.43. In Havana 4,766 died.
* This is the most extraordinary t>f all .the extraordinary freaks of this terrible disease.
82
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
1801. — At Cadiz the number of cases is stated to have been 5,000, and the mor-
tality from 2,000 to 2,800, being about 1 in 2. At Ecija the mortality was
3,802, being in proportion to population 1 in 10. At Carthagena, with a pop-
ulation of 33,222, the mortality amounted to 11,445; other accounts say
14,940. At Malaga, out of a population ren.aiuing hi the city of £6,054,
11,464 died, being 1 in 1.67. Other accounts say, out of a population of
110,000 only 7,000 escaped — 26,000 dying in four weeks. At Alicant,
population 13,000, number of cases, 9,000; the mortality was 2,471, being
1 in 3.64 of number of cases. Tlic pojndation of Spain diminished one
viilUon; the ojjUcial repmi of deaths from yellow fever amounted to 124,000 /or
the year."^- At Gibraltar, the population being estimated at 10,000, the
mortality reached 5,946, being a proportion of 1 in 2. At the hospital in
Gibraltar, out of 2,754 cases 894 proA-ed fatal, being 1 in 3.1; other accounts
say, out of a population of 15.000 nearty 2 out of 5 fell victims. At Leghorn
48,000 inhabitants out of 60,000 remaining in the city, there was a mortality
of 655. In the hospital (same city) number of ca^es, 164; 56 died, being 1 and
3. In Spain (during 1804) not less than twenty-five cities and towns were visited
by the fever, the population of which amounted to 427,228, of which 52,559,
or 1 in 8.12 perished. In some places, the number of persons affected
amounted to 1 in 2.78 of the population, the extreme being 1 in 1.18 and 1 in
5. In twenty-one, the average proportion of deaths to the number afflicted was
1 in 3,087, the extreme being 1 in 1.3 and 1 in 6.42, while tAvo hospitals gave a
mortality of 1 in 2.15 of the number admitted, with extremes of 1 in 11 and
1 in 2.82. New Haven, Conn., New Orleans, West Point, N. Y., Charles-
ton, S. C, Norfolk, Va., Winchester, Va., tAventy miles from the Blue Eidge
Mountains, during the month of July. Hie mortality in the West Indies,
among the French troops, was 29.3 per cent.
1805. — New Haven, Conn., Baltimore, Boston, Gloucester City, N. J., on
Delaware River, New York, commencing in June and ending in October,
mortality 340 (302). Quebec, near the 47th parallel of north latitude, more
than 300 feet above tide- water, Avas for the first and last xime invaded by the
fever in the middle of August; but September setting in very cold, the disease
was not of long duration, though it Avas nearly as scA'ere as that of the West
Indies in malignity, especially among the troops. Of one company of 55, belong-
ing to an English regiment, all perished except six. In Barbadoes, of 278 soldiers
recently arrived from England, 70 died in 23 days. Chester Co., Pa., on Del-
aAvare River, Philadelphia, mortality 3,400. Westerly, R. I., on Pawcatuck
River, Charleston, S. C, Norfolk, Va. Mortality in the West Indies, among
French troops, 40.4 per cent. Providence, R. I., commencing July 19th
ending August, 30 cases, 10 deaths. In Havana, 85 out of 100 American
seamen died.
1806. — New York, commencing in June, ending in November. No mortal-
ity reported in Marine Hospital. NeAvport, R. I., Richmond, Va.
1807. — St. Augustine, Fla., on Matanzas Sound, 2 miles from the sea; Sa-
*The heaviest mortality from yellow fever on record.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
83
vannah, Ga. New York, mortality (at Marine Hospital) 3 (20 cases in all).
Philadelphia, mortality 3. Charleston, S. C, mortality 162.
1808. — Savanuah, Ga. New York, mortality (at Maiine Hospital) 1. Saint
Mary's, Ga., nine miles from the sea, commencing September 5th and ending
in October, mortality 84 — half the population of the town which remained.
1809. — New Orleans, Brooklyn, N. Y., commencing July, ending Septem-
ber, mortality 40. New York, mortality (at Marine Ho.spital) 2. Philadelphia,
Pa. (sporadic), Charleston, S. C, (sporadic).
1810. — New York, niortality (at Marine Hospital) 1. Philadelphia, mortality
3. Havana, 4,305 deaths, Gibraltar (sporadic), Cadiz and Carthagena severe.
1811. — Pensacola, Fla., New Orleans, Saint Franci.sville, La., on the MLssLs-
sippi River, Perth Aniboy, N. J., Philadelphia, Pa., mortalit}' 5.
1812. — Philadelpliia, mortality 3. New Orleans, Charleston, S. C, St. Cin-is-
toplier, W. I., number of cases 422, luortalit}- 118 ; proportion to ca.ses 1 in
3.58. Cadiz, epidemic.
1813. — Pltiladelphia, Pa., mortality G; also prevailed in Spain.
1813. — At Cadiz, population 130,000, the mortality is estimated at 4,000,
being 1 in 32.5. At Gibraltar, 12,501 remaining out of a }K)pulation of 20,501,
the number of cases amounted to 2,847, and the mortality 904, Ijeing 1 in
3.4 of projwrtion to cases,
1814. — Philadelphia, Pa., mortality 7. At Gibraltar (in hospital) number
of cases 726, mortality 114, being 1 in C.36; among civili;ins tliere were 132
deaths, Cadiz, epidemic.
1815. — Philadelphia, mortality 2. New York, mortality (at jMarine Hospital)
7. Island of Jamaica, proportion to cases 1 in 4.
1816. — New York — no mortality noted at Marine Hospital. Philadel])hia,
Pa., moi-tality 2. Martinicpie, from August, 1816, to close of 1817, number of
cases 327, mortality 61; projwrtion to cases 1 in 5.36. Barbadoes, 390 men,
mortality 90; proportion to cases 1 in 4.33; twenty-five officers, mortality 10;
pro[>ortion to cases 1 in 2.5.
1817. — New Orleans, from June ISth to December, mortality 800 ; other
accounts say mortality for five months 1,142. Natchez, INIiss., commencing
September and ending November 9th, mortality 9; other accounts say 134
died, Whitsell's Landing, twenty miles below Natchez. New York, mortality
(at Marine Hospital) 4; Charleston, S. C, commencing in July an<l ending in
■November, mortality 272. Mt. Pleasant, S. C, on Winguw Bay, West
Feliciana Parish, La., Baton Rouge, La., on Mississippi River.
1818. — New Orleans, mortality 1,151. New York, mortality (at Marine
Hospital) 4. Martinique, num1>er of cases 1,982, mortality 697 ; proportion to
cases 1 in 2.82. Trinidad, W. I., proporti(jn to cases 1 in 2.54.
1819. — At Xeres, population 45,000, number of cases 1,262, mortality 408.
At Cadiz, population 72,000, number of cases 48,000, mortality 5,000. At
Seville, number of cases 346, the moitality being 217. Fort Claiborne, Ala.,
on Alabama River, commencing July 4th, ending ' December 1; Fort St.
Stephen, Ala., on Tombigbee River, conmiencing July 4tb, ending Decendier
1 ; Mobile, Ala., commencing August 15th, ending in November, mortality
84
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
274. New Haven, Conn., S.ivannah, Ga., Alexandria, La., on Eed Piiver, New
Orleans, commencing July 1st, mortality 2,190. Mr. Nuttal, the naturalist, iu
liis book of travels, estimates the victims at from 5,000 to 6,000, Avhich very
much exceeds jirobability. West Feliciana Parisli, La., Baltimore, commenc-
ing July 21st, ending October 30th, Natchez, Miss., commencing September and
ending December, mortality 180. New York, commencing in August, mor-
tality 37. Philadelphia, mortality 13. Charleston, S. C, commencing in
August and ending iu Oc|;ober, mortality 177. Boston, Baton Rouge, La., on
Mississippi River, Jamaica. Li 1819, '21, '27, proportion to cases 1 in 2, 1 in
4, 1 in 1.08. In 1819, '22, '25, '27, proportion to cases 1 in 2. In 1819 two
regiments, proportion to cases 1 in 2, 1 in 1.7. Bermudn, number of cases
208, mortality 32 : proportion to cases 1 in 13. Havana, 5,162 victims.
1823. — -Middletown, Conn., commencing in June, . Savannah, Ga., Bay of
St. Louis, La., at mouth of Mississippi River, commencing in August, New
Orleans, commencing in July, deaths in hospital, 82. Baltimore, Shieldsboro,
on St. Louis Bay, commencing August 20th. New York, mortality (at Marine
Hospital) 2; 150 died from August 21st to October 20th. Philadelphia, Pa.,
commencing July 24th, mortality 84. Barbadoes, proportion to cases 1 in
2.56; At Xeres the proportion to cases was 1 in 2. At Siguenza, number of
cases, mortality 212, being 1 in 1.8. At Carlotta, population 733, remaining
^473, cases 195, mortality 122.
1821. — Mobile, Ala., St. Augustine, Fla., commencing in August, mortality
140. Forty deaths took place in the garrison in a body of 120 soldiers. Balti-
more; New York, mortality (at Marine Hospital) 16. Wilmington, N. C.^
commencing August 9th. Norfolk, Va., commencing August 1st. Martinique;
number of cases 686, mortality 235 ; proportion to cases 1 in 3. Malaga,
number of cases 21, mortality 17, being 1 in 1.3. Tortosa, 5,000 remaining
out of 15,000 inhabitants — 2,356 died. Barcelona, 70,000 remaining out of
145,000, number of cases 14,000, mortality 9,730; proportion to cases 1 in
1.33. At Seminary Hospital (same city) 1,739 cases, mortality 1,265; Gen-
eral Hospital, 830 cases, mortality 749 ; Marine Hos^^ital, number of cases
79, mortality 55. Lazaretto of V. Queen of Peru, number of cases 56, mor-
tality 39. City and suburb, according to Adonard, number of cases 20,625,
mortality 1,600 to 1,700. Palma, 12,000 inhabitants remaining, number of
cases 7,400, mortality 5,341.
1822. — Mobile, Ala., Pensacola, Fla., commencing August 12th, ending
October 10, mortality 257. Alexandria, La., on Red River, Baton Rouge, La.,
on Mississippi River, mortality 00. New Orleans, La., commencing September
1st, mortality 239. Baltimore, New York, commencing July 10th, ending
November 5th, mortality 230 ; other accounts say 243 out of 414 the number
attacked. Charleston, S. C. , commencing in June, ending in August, mor-
tality 2.
1823. — Fort Smith, Ark., on Arkansas River, yellow fever of high grade
prevailed without a suspicion of exposure to contagion. Ascension, La., on
Mississippi River, New Orleans, commencing August 23d, mortality 1 (only
2 cases). West Feliciana Parish, La. , Natchez, Miss. , commencing August 10th,
A IIISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
85
ending October 18th, mortality 312. Brooklyn, jS". Y., Xew York, mortality
(at Marine Hospital) 5. At Martinique (hosi)ital) tlie proportion of deaths to
cases was 1 in 2.5, 1 in 3. Port du Passage, seven leagues east of Bayonne, i)op-
ulation 3,000; 1,200 remaining — 101 cases, mortahty 40, being 1 in 2.5. This
locality, one of the finest ports in Europe, is represented to be un.surpa,ssed for
general salubrity.
182-1. — ^Mobile, New Orleans, commencing x\ugu.st 4th, mortality 108. ISTew
York, mortality (at Marine Hospital) 8. Charleston, S. C, commencing in
August, ending in November, mortality 235. Key West, Fla.
1825. — Mobile, Ala., commencing in September. Pen.sacola, Fla., New
Orleans, commencing June 23d, mortality 49. Natchez, Miss., commencing
August 20th, ending November, mortality 150. Washington, Miss., near
Natchez (inland), commencing August, ending November, mortality 52. New
York, mortality (at Marine Hospital) 1. Charleston, S. C, commencing August,
ending September, mortality 2. Martinique, number of cases 1,464, mortalit}^
388; proportion to cases 1 in 3.8.
1828. — Apalachicola, Fla., on Apalachicola Bay, New Orleans, commencing
I^Iay 18th, mortality 5. New York, mortality (at Marine Hospital) 2. Norfolk,
Ya. , commencing September 1. Guadaloupc, number of cases 380; mortality
128 ; proportion to cases 1 in 3.
1827. — Mobile, Ala., commencing in August. Pensacola, Fla., vSuvamiah,
Ga., Alexandria, La., Baton Rouge, La., Donaldsonville, La., on Mississippi
Eiver, New Orleans, commencing July 19, mortality 109. West Feliciana Parish,
La., Natchez, Miss. New York, mortality (at Marine Hospital) 4. Charleston,
S. C, commencing in August, ending in November, mortality 64. Jamaica,
W. L, population 300, mortality 184; proportion to population 1 in 1.6.
1828. — Mobile, New Orleans, commencing June 18th, mortality 130. New
York, mortality (at Marine Hospital) 0. Charleston, S. C, commencing in
August, ending in September, mortality 26. Gibraltar, population 20,652;
cases 6,715, mortality 1796, being 1 in 3.73; troops 3,652, ca.ses 2,014, mor-
tality 515—1 in 3.91; civiliams, 17,000; ca.sos 4,701, mortality 1,281, being
1 in 3.6.
1829. — Mobile, commencing September 14th, mortality 130. Key West,
Fla., Baton Rouge, La., on iNIississippi River, New Orleans, commencing IMay
23d, mortality 215. Opilousas, La., seven miles from head of navigation.
West Feliciana Parish, La., commencing September 22d. Natchez, Mi.ss.,
commencing September 1st, ending November, mortality 90. Rodney, Miss.,
(Ml IMississippi River, Shieldsboro, on St. Louis Bay, commencing August 5th.
New York — no mortality at Marine Hospital.
1830. — Bay St. Louis, mouth of Mississippi River, New Orleans, commencing
July 15th, mortality 117. New York, mortality (at Marine Hospital) 1.
1831. — Alexandria, La., on Red River, New Orleans, commencing June 9th,
mortality 2.
1832. — New Orleans, commencing August 15t.h, mortality 18. New York,
mortality (at Marine Hospital) 1.
1833. — New Orleans, commencing July 12th, mortality 210. New York,
86
A HISTOEY OF THE YELLOW FEVEE.
mortality (at Marine Hospital) 2. Coliinabia, Texa?, on Brazos River, Guada-
loupe ; Basseterie, W.I. (.soldiers), muiiber of cases 137, mortality 47.
1834. — -Peiisacola, Fla., commencing August 23d. Jvew Orleans, commencing
August 28th, mortality 95. New York, mortality (at Marine Hospital) 1.
Charleston, S. C, commencing August, ending October, mortality 49.
1835. — New Orleans, commencing August 23(1, mortality 284. New York,
mortality (at Marine Hospital) 2. Charleston, 8. C. , commencing August, ending
September, mortality 25. Suwanee, Fla., on Siiwanee River; New Orleans,
commencing August 24th, mortality 5.
1837. — Mobile, commencing September 20th, ending November, mortality
350. Alexandria, La., on Red River, Baton Rouge, La., on Mississippi River,
New Orleans, commencing July 24th, mortality 442. Opelousas, La., com-
mencing October 20th, ending November. Placjuemine, La., on Mississippi
River, Washington, La., Natchez, Miss., commencing September 8tii, ending
November 25th, mortality 280. Havana, 1 in 10 ; Havana (Belot's Hos-
pital) 1 in 6.48.
1833. — St. Augustine, Fla., two miles from the sea, on Matanzas Sound,
Mobile, New Orleans, commencing August 25th, mortality 17. New York,
mortality (at Marine Hospital) 8. Charleston, S. C, commencing August, ending
November, mortality 351. Martinique, W. L (in 1838, '39), number of cases
1,344, mortality 223; proportion 1 in 6. October 1 ('38 to September 30,
'39), number of cases 1,202, mortality 150 — 1 in 8'. Barbadoes, proportion to
cases 1 in 4.25. Dominica, population 131; soldiers, number of cases 100 men,
6 officers, mortality 35 men, 3 ot?icers ; proportion to cases 1 in 3 men, 1 in 2
officers. Georgetown (Demarara), Seamen's Hospital, number of cases 2,071,
mortality 404 ; proportion to cases' 1 in 5. .12.
1839. — Pensacola, Fla., St. Augustine, Fla., cammencing August 15th.
Tampa, Fla. (head of Tampa Bay), Mobile, commencing August 11th, ending
October 20th, mortality G50 (average mortality to cases 1 in 7). Augusta, Ga. ,
Alexandria, La., Franklin, La., on Teche River, Natchitoches, La., on Red
River, New Iberia, La. (southern part of La.), New Orleans, commencing July
23d, mortality 452. Opelousas, La., commencing August, ending November.
Plaquemine, La., on JNIississippi River, Port Hudson, La., on Mississippi River,
West Feliciana Parish, La., commencing August 28th, St. Martinsville, La.,
on Teche River, Washington, La., Blloxi, Miss., after an interval of 136 years,
Natchez, Miss., commencing September, ending November, mortality 235.
Shieldsboro, Miss, (on St. Louis Bay), Vicksburg, Miss., New York, mortality
(at Marine Hospital) 4. C'larleston, S. C. , commencing June, ending October,
mortality 22. Galveston, commencing September 30t]i, ending October 11th,
mortality 250. Houston, Texas, Martinique, W. I., first three months of 1839,
92 cases, 19 deaths ; proportion 1 in 4.5.
1840. — New Orleans, commencing July 25, mortality, 3; Charleston, S. C. ,
c jmmencing August, ending October, mortality 22.
1841. — Pensacola, Fla., St. Augustine, Fla., mortality 26; St. Joseph,
Fla., near Gulf of Mexico, Mobile, Key West, commencing June, mortality i
26; New Orleans, commencing July 27, mortality 594; Port Hudson, La., ^
A HISTOKY OF THK YKI.LOW FEVER.
87
commencing September, ending October; Cliarleston, S. C, Barbadoes, W. I.,
pi-oportion to cases, 1 in 2. Dominica, 204 cases, mortality 55 ; proportion
to cases, 1 in 3.7.
1842. — Pensacola, Fla., Mobile, commencing August 20, mortality 69;
New Orleans, commencing July 30, mortality 211; Opelousas, La., Barba-
does, W. I., proportion to cases, 1 in 5.6.
1843. — Pensacola, Fla., Moljile, commencing August IS, ending November
5, mortality 240; B.iton Rjuge, La., commencing October; New Orleans,
commencing July 5, mortality 487; Port Hudson, La., West Feliciana
Parish, La., commencing August 28; R-odney, ]Miss., connnencing iSepteinber
G ; New York, mortality (at Marine Hospital ) 5 ; Charleston, S. C, Guadaloupe,
W. L (sailors and troops), population, 2,757; number of cases, 772, mortality
183; French war steamer Gomez; number of cases, 165, mortality 17; pro-
portion, 1 in 9.7. Guadaloupe, B.isseterie, 96 cases, 64 deaths.
1844. — Pensacola, Fla., Mobile, New Orleans, commencing July and end-
ing September, mortality 148; Natchez, Miss., Woodville, Miss., New York,
mortality (at M.irine Hospital) 2; Galveston, Texas, commencing July 5th,
mortality 400 ; Houston, Texas.
1845. — Pensacola, Fla., New Orleans, mortality 2; Boa Vista, W. I., Porto
Sal Key, proportion to cases, Portuguese, 1 in 1.8, English and American, 1 in
1.1, natives, 1 in 13.4; Boa Vista, in all localities, Europeans, 1 in 1.16, na-
tives, 1 in 15.4.
1846. — Pensacola, Fla., New Orleans, commencing August and ending
October, mortality 160; West Feliciana Parish, mortality 1; Thibodeaux, La.,
, commencing September 20th and ending October; New York.
1847. — Pensacola, Fla., mortality 76, avei-age mortality to cases 1 in 7;
Alexandria, La., on Red River, Algiers, La., opposite New Orleans, Baton
Rouge, La., on Mississippi River, Bayou Sara, La., on Mississippi River,
Burat Settlement, on Mississippi River, Covington, La., 45 miles north of New
Orleans, INIandeville, La., on Lake Pontchartrain, Lafayette, La., near New
Orleans, commencing June 22d; New Orleans, commencing August and end-
ing in December, mortality 2,259 ; Plaquemine, on Mississippi River, Biloxi,
Miss., Pascagoula, I\Iiss., Pass Christian, IMiss., Rodney, Mi.ss., Vicksburg,
Miss., New York, Galveston, commencing October 1st and ending November
26th, mortality 200; Houston, Texas.
1848. — Pensacola, Fla., Mobile, mortality 75; New Orleans, commencing
June and ending November, mortality 850; West Feliciana Parish, La.,
Natchez, Miss., commencing June and ending November ; New York, com-
mencing August 12th, witli a mortality of 12 at ]\rarine Hospital; Stapletou,
Staten Island, New York, commencing August 23d; Tompkinsville, Staten
Island, commencing August 23d; Mt. Pleasant, S. C, Houstcm, Texas.
1849. — Moliile, mortality 50; New Orlean-, commencing August and end-
ing December, mortality 737; Charleston, S. C, commencing August and
ending November, mortality 125.
1850. — New Orleans, commencing July and ending Oct., mortality 102 ; Cay-
enne, W. I. (hospital), number of cases 685, mortality 148; proportion 1 in 4.63.
88
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
1851. — Mobile, New Orleans, moitiility 16.
1852. — Savamiah, Ga. , mortality 19 ; New Orleans, commencing July and
ending December, mortality 415; Washington, La., Woodville, Miss., New
York, mortality of 1 at Marine Hospital; Charleston, S. C, commencing
August and ending November, mortality 310 ; Ft. Moultrie, in Charleston
Harbor, Mt. Pleasant, S. C, on Wingaw Bay, Indianola, Texas, commencing
iii September; Norfolk, Va., commencing August 7th; Portsmouth, Va.,
Port Royal, W. I. (population 12,611), mortality 727—1 in 17.34; St. Pierre
(population 20,360), mortality 1,200, jn'ojwrtion to population, 1 in 17; Barba-
does, W. I., troops (population 1,380), number of cases 879, mortality 173;
])roportion to population, 1 in 7.9, proportion to cases 1 in 5.08; steamer fiom
St. Thomas to Southampton, month of November, number of cases 124, deaths
50; projwrtion, 1 in 2.3.
1353. — Milton, Fla., near Pensacola Bay, Peusacola, Fla., commencing
July 9th; Tampa, Fla., head of Tampa Bay, commencing in September; Mo-
bile, commenchig July 13th and ending Nov. 1st, mortality 115 (Dr. Dowler
gives an estimate of 1,072) ; Cahawba, Ala., on Alabama River, Citronelle, Ala.,
on Mobile & Ohio R. R. , Dog River Cotton Factory, Ala., five miles from Mo-
bile, commencing Aug. 8lli; Demopolis, Ala., on Tombigbee River, Hollywood,
Ala., on Tombigbee River, Montgomery, Ala., on Alabama River, commencing
September and ending November, mortality 35; Selma, Ala., commencing
Sept. 17th and ending Nov. 13th, mortality 32; SjDring Hill, Ala., Columbia,
Ark., coriimencing in June; Grand Lake, Ark. (on INIississipj^i River), Napo-
leon, Ark. (on Mississippi River), Key West, Fla., during August, mortality
112; Savannah, Ga., Alexandria, La., the disease cairied off from one-fifth
to one-sixth of the population ; Algiers, La. (opposite Ne\V Orleans) , Bay St.
Louis, La Bayou Sara (on Mississippi River). New Orleans, commencing
May, ending December, mortality 7,970, or variously estimated at from
8,000 to 10,000. Dr. Dowler says the greatest number of deaths in New
Orleans was in August, amounting to 5,189, or, by adding all the deaths,
6,235, an average exceeding 201 per day — about 9 every hour, 1 every six
or seven minutes for a whole month. His total, from May 26th to October
22d, by yellow fever, is 7,782; total unnamed (mostly yellow fever), 669;
in all, 8,228, without enumerating deaths from October 22d to December
22d. He estimates the whole mortality at 8,400. Dr. Edward H. Barton,
in his report to the Commission, states that the total mortality during the
year, not only those certified to be such, but a large proportion of the "un-
known," supposed to be such from a want of proper records, is estimated,
upon all grounds of probability, to have been 8,101 The total
number of cases of yellow fever in 1853 was 29,020, which was the largest
number of cases of yellow fever which ever afflicted this city (New Or-
leans). But 8,101 deaths out of that great number of cases is only 27.91 per
cent., or 1 in 3.58, the least mortality which had ever occurred in a great
and malignant epidemic of the dread disease. Centreville, La. (on Teche
River), commencing September 18th, ending November 18th; Clinton, La.,
commencing September 1st, ending December, mortality 75; Cloutierville,
A HISTORY OP THE YELLOW FEVER.
89
La., coiuinencing August 14th, ending December 14th; FrankHu, La., com-
menchig October 19th, ending November 24th, mortality 2; Lake Providence,
La. (on Mississippi River), reported to have lost 120; 02)elousas, La., Patter-
sonville. La. (on Teche River), commencing August 8th, ending December,
mortality 4-5; Plaquemine, La. (on Mississippi River), commencing Septem-
ber, ending October; West Feliciana, La., -St. John Baptiste, La. (on Mis-
sissippi River), Shrevep;>rt, La. (on Red River), commencing September,
ending December, destroying about one-fourth of the population; Tiiiho-
deaux. La. (on Bayou La Fourche), mortality 160 — moic than one-third
of the 500 persons remaining; Trenton, La. (on Washita River), Vidalin,
La. (on Mississippi River), commencing August 15th; Washington, La.,
commencing August 15th; Biloxi, Miss, (after an interval of five years),
Brandon, Miss., commencing September 15th; Clifton, Mi-s., commencing
August 28th, ending October; Natchez, Miss., commencing July 17th. Foi-t
Adams (about 200 miles above) vas visited vith the fever. Grand Gulf,
Miss, (on Mississippi River), Greenwood, Miss, (on Yazoo River), mortality 9;
Jackson, Miss, (on Pearl River), Pass Christian, Miss., Petit Gulf Hills, Miss,
(on Mississippi River), Port Gibson, Miss., Ri)dney, Miss., Woodville, Miss.,
commencing August 9tli; Pascagoula, JMiss., Yazoo City, ]\Iiss., commencing
September 1st; New York (14 mortality at IMarine Hospital), Philadel})hia,
commencing July 19th, ending October, mortality 128; Brownsville, Texas
(on Rio Grande), commencing September 23d, ending December 23d, mor-
tality 50; Memphis, Tenn. (cases brought from New Orleans), Hackley,
Texas (near Buffalo Bayou), Houston, Texas (on Buffalo Bayou), Lidianola,
Texas, Liverpool, Texas, commencing August, mortality 4; Cypress City,
Texas, Galve.ston, Texas, commencing August 16th, ending November 28th,
mortality 536 ; Richmond, Texas (on Brazos River,) Saluria, Texas (on Mat-
agorda Island). Baton Rouge, La., was, early in November, reported officially
to have lost 202 by the epidemic. Natchitoches (more than 400 miles from
New Orleans, on Red River), suffered severely. Dr. Dowler says: "The
maximum mortality of the yellow fever of 1853 arrived sooner in the season
than usual, and is more truly represented by that of the plague in London,
in 1665, namely, June, 590 deaths ; July, 4,129; Augu,-.t, 20,046; Septem-
ber, 26,230; Octob9r, 14,373; November, 3,449; total,''68,817."
1854. — Pensacola, Fla., IMobile, ]\Iontgomery, commencing September, ending
November, mortality 45; Key West, Fla., Augusta, Ga., Savannah, Ga.,
commencing August 5th, mortality 580 ; Alexandria, La. (Burat Settlement,
below New Orleans), commencing September 22 ; Cloutierville, La., on branch of
Red River, Franklin, La., Jeanneretts, La., commencing October 7th; Jesuits'
Bend, La., commencing September 12th ; New Orleans, commencing July,
ending December, mortality 2,423; Pattersonville, La., commencuig Septem-
ber; Point a la Hache, La., on INIississippi River, commencing in October;
St. Mary's Parish, La., on Gulf of Mexico, commencing Sejitember, ending
October; Thibodeaux, La., commencing September 12th, ending October;
AVashington, La., Brandon, Miss., on Pearl River, commencing September
23d, ending November 18th ; Jacksonville, Miss., St. Louis, Mo., 2 deaths. New
90
A HISTOKY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
York, mortality (at Marine Hospital) 20; Beaufort, N. C, Pliilade]i:)liia,
Charleston, S. C, commencing August, ending November, mortality 627;
Columbia, S. C, Georgetown, S. C, commencing August 20th, ending October
28th; Mt. Pleasant, S. C, Galveston, Texas, commencing August 9th, ending
November 5th, mortality 404; Houston, Texas, Portsmouth, Va., Norfolk,
Va., commencing October, ending November 2d, mortality 3.
1855. — Milton, Fla., near Ptnsacola Buy, Montgomery, Ala., commencing
September, ending November, mortality 30 ; Alexandria, La., commencing
September 13th; Carrollton, La., commencing May 18th; Centreville, La. (on
Teclie River), commencing September, ending October, mortality 1; New
Orleans, commencing June, ending December, mortality 2,670; Paltersonville,
La. (on Teche River), commencing September; Canton, Miss., Cooper's Wells,
Miss., commencing August 23d, mortality 13; Natches, Miss., Pass Christian,
Miss., Woodville, Miss., commencing September; St. Louis, Mo., commencing
August 14th ; New York, mortality (at Marine Hospital) 5 ; Memphis, Tenn.,
mortality 65; Bellville, Texas, 110 miles east of Austin, Gosport, Va., on
Elizabeth River,' Norfolk, Va., commencing June 30th, and ending October,
mortality 1,807 ; Scott's Creek, Va., commencing June 29th, and ending July
29th; Portsmouth, Va., commencing August 1st, ending October, mor-
tality 1,000.
1856. — New Orleans, commencing August, ending November, mortality 74;
Bay Ridge, Long Island, N. Y., Brooklyn, N. Y., commencing July 14th ;
Governor's Island, New York Harbor, commencing July 29th ; Gow'anus, near
New York, Red Hook, on Hudson River, N. Y.,. Yellow Hook, N, Y.,
Charleston, S. C, commencing August, ending November, mortality 211;
Mt. Pleasant, S. C.
1857. — Jacksonville, Fla., New Orleans, commencing June, ending Decem-
ber, mortality 199; Cliarlestou, S. C, commencing September, ending No-
vember, mortality 13 ; Mt. Pleasant, S. C.
1858. — Pensacola, Fla., Mobile, Savannah, Ga., Baton Rouge, La., Algiers,
La., oj^posite New Orleans, Franklin, La., McDonoughville, La., New
Orleans, commencing June, ending October 10th, mortality 3,889; Plaque-
mine, La., Biloxi, Miss, after an interval of four years; Natchez, Miss., Pass
Christian, Miss., Vicksburg, Miss., Woodville, Miss., Charleston, S. C, com-
mencing July, ending December, mortality 717 ; Fort Moultrie, Charleston
Harbor, conmiencing August 15th ; Galveston, commencing August 27th,
ending November 14th, mortality 344; Houston, Tex., Lidianola, Tex., on
Matagorda Buy, Brownsville, Tex., on Rio Grande River, commencing August,
ending November, mortality 41.
1859. — Brazoria, Tex., near Gulf of Mexico, Cypress City, Tex., Edinburgh,
Tex., on Rio Grande, commencing in July, mortality 13; Hou.ston, Tex.,
Indianola, Tex., Richmond, Tex., on Brazos River, Sugarland, Tex., on Brazos
River; New Orleans, only 91 deaths.
1860. — New Orleans, 15 deaths.
1861. — Not a single case reported from any quarter.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
91
1862. — Tortugas, Fla. , Gulf of Mexico, mortality 4; Key West, Fla., com-
nieiieing June 20th, and ending October, mortality 71 ; New Orleans was
attacked after an escajie of three years; Smithville, N. C, Wilmington, N.
C, commencing August 6th, ending xsovemher 17tli, mortality 446; Charles-
ton, S. C, Hilton Head, S. C, commencing Seiitember 8th, ending October
25th; Corpus Christi, Tex., Indianola, Tex., Matagorda, Tex., mortality 120;
Brownsville, Tex.
1863. — Pensacola, Fla., commencing August 2.5th ; New Orleans, nearly 100
cases, with two ofKcially recorded deaths; Beaumont, Tex., on Neches River,
Matagorda, Tex., on Matagorda Bay, Sabine City, Tex., commencing July,
ending October 1st, mortality 14.
1864. — Key We.st, Fla., New Orleans — more than 200 cases, with 57 deaths;
Beaufort, N. C, commencing September 2.5th, ending November 17th, mor-
tality 68; New Berne, N. C, commencing September, ending November,
mortality 700 ; Charleston, S. C, commencing July 27th, Galveston, com-
mencing September 1st, ending November 20th, mortality 259; Houston, Tex.,
IMillican, Tex.
1865. — Key West, Fla.
1866. — Memphis, Tenn. (sporadic cases); Galveston, Tex.
1867. — Pensacola, Fla., commencing July 24th, mortality 34 ; Tortugas, Fla.,
commencing July 4th, mortality 38 ; Fort Morgan Island, J\Iobile Bay, com-
mencing August loth; Montgomery, Ala., on Alabama River, commencing
August 13th; Key AVest, Fla., New Iberia, La., New Orleans (after an escape
of two years), commencing June 10th, ending December 22d, mortality 3,093;
Ojielousas, La., Washington, La., Alleyton, Tex., commencing September 4th,
ending December, mortality 45 ; Anderson, Tex. (140 miles east by north of
Austin), Austin, Tex. (above navigation on Colorado River), Bastrop, Tex. (on
Colorado River), Brenham, Tex. (twenty miles from Brazos River), Calvert,
Tex. (between Brazos and Navasota River), Chapel Hill, Tex. (near Brazos
River), commencing August 6th, ending December, mortality 123; Corpus
Christi, Tex., commencing August; Danville, Tex.; Memphis, Tenn., mortality
231 ; Goliad, Tex. (on vSan Antonio River) ; Galveston, commencing June 26th,
ending November, mortality 1,150; Harrisburg, Tex. (on Butlalo Bayou);
Hampstead, Tex. (fifty miles from Houston), commencing August 9th, ending
November 26th, mortality 151 ; Huntsville, Tex., commencing August 9th,
ending October 19th, mortality 130 ; Independence, Tex. (80 miles south of
Austin), Indianola, Tex., commencing June 20th, mortality 80; Lagrange,
Tex., commencing August, ending November, mortality 200; Liberty, Tex.
(on Trinity River), Millican, Tex., commencing October 15th, ending Novem-
ber 12th, mortality 4; Navasota, Tex., commencing August 12th, ending
December, mortality 154; Oldtown, Tex. (near Indianola), commencing Octo-
ber 13th, Port Lavaca, Tex., commencing July 3d, ending October 29th; Rio
Grande City, Tex., mortality 150; Victoria, Tex., commencing August 1st,
ending December 25th, mortality 200.
1868. — Baltimore — a few imported cases.
92
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
1869. — Milton, Santa Rosa County, Fla. (near Pensacola Eaj-), Hampton
Roads, Va., in Harbor.
1870. — Montgomery, Ala., commencing August 22d, ending November
19tli, New Iberia, La., New Orleans (after an interlude of two years), com-
mencing Muy 16tli, ending in December, mortality 587 ; Port Barre, La;,
Ville Platte (on Bayou Teche, La.), Governor's Island (New York Harbor),
commencing September, ending October 26th, mortality 49 ; Philadelphia,
commencing June 29th, mortality 18; Houston, Tex., ending in October,
mortality 1.
1871. — Tampa, Fla., head of Tampa Bay, Cedar Keys, Fla., Gainesville, Fla.,
New Orleans, commencing August 4th, ending October, mortality 55 ; Vicks-
burg. Miss., Beaufort, N. C, Cincinnati, Ohio, Charleston, S. C, commencing
July 19th, ending November, mortality 213; Beaufort, S. C, commencing
August 5th, ending November 21st, mortality 7.
1872. — New Orleans, La., commencing August 28th, ending November 30th,
mortality 40 ; New York.
1873. — Pensacola, Fla., commencing August 14th, ending November 19th,
mortality 62; Montgomery', Ala., commencing September 4th, ending Nov-ember
10th, mortality 102 ; Pollard, Ala., Little Rock, Ark., Bainbridge, Ga., on Flint
River; Cairo, 111., at junction Ohio and Mississippi River, commencing September
21st, ending September 25th, mortality 17; Louisville, Ky. , on Ohio River,
commencing September 22d, ending October 15th, mortality 5 ; New Orleans,
commencing July 4th, ending November 18th, mortalit}- 225 ; Shreveport, La.,
on Red River, commencing August 12th, ending November 10th, mortality
759; New York, commencing May 23d, ending October 30th, mortality 18;
Cincinnati, Ohio ; Memphis, commencing September 14th, ending November 9th,
mortality 2,000; Baltimore; Columbus, Texas, on Colorado River; Corsicana;
Texas (180 miles north-east from Austin) ; Corpus Christi.
1874. — Cuba ; Pensacola, vessel in harbor with a few cases on board.
1875. — Key West, Fla., epidemic; Vera Cruz, Mexico ; Fort Barrancas, Fla.,
Fort Pickens, Fla.; Pascagoula, Miss.; Cuba; Mobile; New Orleans; New York,
vessel in harbor with crew sick.
1876. — Savannah, Ga., epidemic; New York, 2 refugees fi'om Savannah
died ; Cliarleston, S. C. (sporadic).
1877. — Havana, and Fernandina, Fla., epidemic.
1878. — Abingdon, Washington County, Va., Judge L. V. Dixon, refugee from
Memphis, died September 17th; Athens, Ala., 2 cases, 2 deaths; Augusta,
Ark., on White- River, 7 cases, 7 deaths; Bartlett, Shelby County, Tenn.,
(eleven miles from Memphis) population 350, 35 cases, 23 deaths — proportion
of deaths to cases 1 in 1.2; Baton Rouge, La., jiopulation 6,500, number of
cases 2,716, deaths 201 — proportion of deaths to cases 1 in 13; Bayou Sara,
La., on Mississippi River, population 700, number of cases 250, deaths 13 — -
1 in 19 ; Bay St. Louis, Miss, (summer resort), population, including visitors,
6,000, number of cases 546, deaths 83 — 1 in 6.2 ; Bayou Goula, La., on
Mississippi River, 1 death — a refugee; Beech Grove, Tenn., 1 death— a refugee;
Bell's Depot, Tenn., 5 cases, 3 deaths; Berwick City, La., population 150,
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER. 93
cases 50, deaths 1; Bethel Springs, Tenn., 1 case, deatlis 1 ; Biloxi, Miss.,
poiiiilation 960, number of cases 216, deaths 56 — 1 in 4; Bolton, Miss, (twenty-
seven miles from Vicksburg), population 200, number of cases 168, deaths 47 —
1 in 3.2; Bovina, Miss., ten miles from Vicksbui-g, population 100, number
of cases 65, deaths 17—1 in 4; Bowling Green, Ky., number of cases 48,
xleaths 26—1 in 2 ; Brooklyn, N. Y., Navy Yard, 2 deaths; Broussard, La.,
1 death; Brownsville, Tenn., population 4,020, nundjer of cases 844, deaths
212 — 1 in 8 ; Buntvn, Tenn., hve miles from Memphis, included in Memjjhis
report; Buras, La., 2 deaths; Byram, Miss., cases included in Jackson report;
Cairo, 111., on Mississippi and Ohio rivers, population 6,300, number of cases
43, deaths 32 — 1 in 1.34; Canaan Landing, La., on Mississippi River, num-
ber of cases 28, deaths 6 — 1 in 5; Canton, Miss., twenty-three miles from
Jackson, population 2,143, number of cases 936, deaths 176 — 1 in 5.3.
Cayuga, Miss., on Big Black River, number of cases 38, deaths 9 — 1 in 4;
Caledonia (on the Ohio River), one case from the steamer Golden Crown;
Chattanooga, Tenn., on Tennessee River, population 12,500, nundier of cases
693, deaths 197 — 1 in 4 ; Cincinnati, Ohio, number of cases (all refugees), 49,
deaths 19 — 1 in 1.2; Clintun, Hickman County, Ky., 2 cases, no deaths,
Clinton, La., poj^ulation 1,000, number of cases 187, deaths 43 — 1 in 4;
Collierville, Tenn., twenty-five miles from Memphis, population 500, number
of cases 121, deaths 48 — 1 in 2.2; Cook's Landing, La., population 35,
number of cases 15, deaths 4 — 1 in 4; Courtland, Lawrence County, Ala.,
1 death — IMemphis refugee ; Covington, Tenn., population 1,200, the Board of
Health advising, the population fled the town — 1 death occurred ; Cox's Land-
ing, Miss., number of cases 12, deaths 4 — 1 in 3; Dalton, Ga., 3 cases, 2
deaths — refugees from Chattanooga; Danville, Ky., 1 death — a refugee from
Holly Springs ; Dayton, Ohio, on Miami River, 1 death and some few cases-
all refugees fi-oni the South; Decatur, Ala., population 1,200, number of cases
187, deaths 51 — 1 in 3.3; Delhi, La., forty miles from Vicksburg, population
250, number of cases 168, deaths 34 — 1 ini 5; Donaldsonville, La., and
Ascension Parish, on Mississippi River, population of town 1,500; number of
cases 484, deaths 83—1 in 5.3 ; cases in parish, 1,373, deaths 179—1 in 7.3;
Dry Grove, Hinds County, Miss., and vicinity, number of cases 203, deaths 50—
1 in 4; Duck Hill, Montgomery County, Miss., number of cases 36, deaths
14—1 in 2.3 ; Dunboyne, a plantation near West Plaquemine, La., 3 deaths:
Durant, Holmes County, Miss., 1 death ; Edward's Depot, Hinds County,
Miss., 3 deaths; Erin, Houston County, Tenn., population 723, number of
cases 38, deaths 10—1 in 4; Eureka, La., 1 death; Fernandina, Fla., on
vessel in harbor, 3 seamen died; Fillmore, Ky., 1 death— a refugee from New
Orleans; Florence, Ala., population 2,500, number of cases 138, deaths 50—
1 in 2.3; Frayser Station, Tenn., included in Memphis; Friar's Point, Miss.,
on Mississippi River, population 1,200, number of cases 25, deaths 7—1 in
3.3; Fulton, Ky., population 1,700; number of cases 12, deaths 5—1 in 2;
Gadsden, Tenn., population 350, number of cases 6, deaths 4—1 in 1.3;
Galway, Fayette County, Tenn., poptdation 60, numlier of cases 13, deaths 8 ;
Gallipoli^, O'aio, on Oliio River, population 3,700, number of cases 51, deaths
94
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOAV FEVER.
31 ; Galman Station, Miss., deaths among Vicksburg refugees; Garner Station,
Miss., population 200, number of cases 31, deaths 13; Geruiantown, Shelby
County, Tenn., population 253, number of cases 81, deaths 45; Gills Station,
Tenn., three miles from Memphis, 1 death; Grand Junction, Tenn., on M. &
C. R. E., 201 cases, 82 deaths — 1 in 2.2 ; Greenville, Miss., on Mississippi
River, population 1,350, number of cases 1,137, deaths 387 — 1 in 3.40; Grenada,
Miss., 100 miles from Memphis, population estimated at 2,000, number of cases
1,468, deaths 367 — 1 iu 4; Gretna, La., three miles from Algiers, population
900, number of cases 210, deaths 60—1 in 3.2 ; Halifax, Jsova Scotia, H. M. S.
Bullfinch , most of the crew down ; mortality heavy ; Handsboro, Harrison County,
Miss., population 400, number of cases 110, deaths 15 — 1 in 7 ; Harrisonburg,
La., on Ouachita River, population 275, number of cases 30, deaths 10 — 1 in
3; Haynes' Bluff, Miss., on Yazoo River, number of cases 160, deaths 19 — 1
in 8; Henderson's Landing, La., on Mississippi River, population 25, number
of cases 16, deaths 5 — 1 in 3 ; Hernando, Miss., population 1,000 ; number of
cases 179, deaths 75 — 1 in 2.2; Hickman, Ky., on Mississippi River, popula-
tion 1,950, number of cases 454, deaths 180 — 1 in 2.2; Holly Springs, Miss.,
population 4,000, number of cases 1,240, deaths 346 — 1 in 3.2; Huntsville,
Ala., number of cases 33 (all imirorted), deaths 13 — 1 in 2.2; Jackson, Miss.,
pojiulation 3,000, number of cases 326, deaths 77 — 1 in 4.4; Key West, Fla.,
population 5,000, number of cases 162, deaths 39 — 1 in 4; King's Point, Miss.,
on Mississippi River, 92 cases, 6 deaths — 1 in 15 ; Knoxville, Tenn., the only
cases were refugees — not recorded ; La Fourche Crossing, La., population 1,800,
number of cases 235, deaths — 1 in 12; Labadieville, La., and vicinity, 760
cases, 150 deaths — 1 in 5; Lagrange, Tenn., population 712, number of cases
152, deatlis 37 — 1 in 4; Lake, Scott County, Miss., population 400, number
of cases 268, deaths 64 — 1 in 4; Lawrence Station, Miss., number of cases 16,
deatlis 5; Lebanon Church, Miss., total cases 192, deatlis 44 — 1 in 4.2;
Leigh ton, Calvert County, Ala., 1 refugee died; Lewes, Delaware, on
Delaware Bay, 4 out of a crew of 8 died on a vessel in the Bay ; Lockport,
N. y., a Memjihis refugee died; Logtown, Hancock County, Miss., 40
cases, 9 deaths — 1 in 4.2; Louisville, Ky., number of cases 126, deaths
34 — 1 in 4; McCombs City, Pike County, Miss, cases 7, deaths 3;
McKenzie, Carroll County, Tenn., 14 cases, 4 deaths; McNairy (a plantation
six miles from Dry Grove, Miss.), 36 cases, 9 deaths — 1 in 4; Mandeville, La.,
a few cases, with 3 deaths ; Martin, Weakly County, Tenn. (population 515),
number of cases 126, deaths 34 — 1 in 3.3 ; Mason, Tipton County, Tenn. (poj^ula-
tion 260), number of cases 61, deaths 24 — 1 in 2.2 ; Memphis, Tenn., number of
cases 17,600, deaths 5,150 — ratio of mortality to cases, 1 in 3.3, to population,
reduced to about 19,500, a fraction less than 1 in 4; Meridian, Miss, (population
3,000), number of case 382, deaths 86—1 in 3.4; Michigan City, Benton
County, Miss., 2 cases, 2 deaths; Milan, Gibson County, Tenn, (population
2,025), number of cases 26, deaths 11 — 1 in 2.2 ; Mississippi City, Miss, (pop-
ulation 300), number of cases 165, deaths 19 — 1 in 8.2; Mobile, Ala. (popula-
tion 32,000), number of cases 288, deaths 80—1 in 3.2; Morgan City, La.
(population 1,000), number of cases 540, deaths 108 — 1 in 5 ; Moscow, number
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
95
of cases 75, deaths 33 — 1 in 2.4 ; Mulatto Bayou, Miss., 1 case, 1 deatli ; Nash-
ville, Tenn., 96 cases (all refuges from infected places), deaths 18 — 1 in 5.4.
On the 6th of August fever broke out on the steamer Manj Houston at New
Albany, Ind. , which had recently arrived from New Orleans, creating alarm
there and at Louisville. Fondy Carroll, from the same vessel, had previously
died in Louisville of the fever, on the 1st of August. New Yoi'k City, four
Memphis refuges died— no otiier cases; Norfolk, Va., several cases on vessel in
harbor, 1 proving fatal; Nubbin Ridge, Slielby County, Tenn., 2 cases, 2
deaths; Ocean Springs, Jackson County, Miss, (population 450), number of
cases 86, deaths 28 — 1 in 3 ; Ozyka, Pike Co., Miss, (population 450), number of
cases 350, deaths 53 — 1 in 6.2 ; Paincourtville, La. (population 400), number
of cases 159, deaths 13 — 1 in 12 ; Paris, Tenn., 118 cases, 28 deaths — 1 in 4;
Pass Christian, Miss, (population 1,250), number of cases 200, deaths 27 — 1 in
7.3; Pascagoula, Jackson County, Miss, (population 650), number of cases 17,
deaths 4 — 1 in 4; Patterson ville. La., and vicinity, number of cases 300,
deaths 93 — 1 in 3.4; Pearlington, Hancock County, Miss, (population 500),
cases 5, deaths 1; Philadelphia, Pa., 2 Vicksburg refugees, the only cases
known; Pensacola, Fla., crew of a brig in harbor the only cases; Pittsburgh,
Pa., 1 death, from Steamer Porter;'-^ Plaquemine, La., on Mississippi River
® The history of the steam-tug John I). Porter is one of the most interesting episodes
of the epidemic of 1878. For two months she, with two barges, moved up the Missis-
sippi and Ohio rivers, a floating charnel-house, carrying death and destruction to nearly
all who had any thing to do with lier. Twenty-three persons died on her from the time
she left New Orleans until she ancliored near Pittsburgh. From her the fever was taken
to Gallipolis, Ohio, where, out of 51 persons attacked, 31 died. When the Porter landed
three miles below Gallipolis, on the morning of the 19th of August, the engineers
refused to remain any longer at their post of duty. A strong guard was placed over
the tug and her barges to prevent any one from landing from her. There were ten cases
of fever on board at the time, three of them very ill, among the number the Captain,
John Bickerstaff. Engineer Charles De Grelmr n, of Pittsburgh, and William Koehler,
from Pomeroy, had previously died. Notwithstanding the guards, some of the crew-
went ashore, and were eventually followed by all the rest but two, who were too sick to
leave. With these Dr. Carr, of the Board of Health of Cincinnati, remained, heroically
refusing to leave his post of duty until one of them died and the other recovered. After
this result, he went ashore at Gallipolis and did what he could for the plague-stricken
people. While there, among others, his attention was called to a case of yellow fever
ten miles out from the place, and, in company with a resident physician, he rode out in
a buggy to the house of a small farmer by the name of Buck, or Burke, whose son was
the victim. Dr. Carr arrived at the place after night-fall, and found the farmer sitting
at a watch-fire of pine-knots in front of his domicil, afraid to enter it, lest he should
catch the yellow fever. The doctor made known the object of his visit. The man was
glad to see him, for he said that all the rest of the family had gone, scared away by his
boy's horrible sickness. He thought his boy was dead, for he had not heard him for
several hours, and did not dare to enter the house. While they were talking a groan
was heard in the house. Dr. Carr took a brand and entered, and, following the direc-
tions of the father, found the bedroom, but not the patient. The place was in a state
of disorder, and was filthy. An abominable stench pervaded it, and the three ground-
floor rooms were smeared all over with black vomit and other unutterable excreta of the
wretched victim. It was a sickening sight. Dr. Carr came out and told the father that
96
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
(population 1^500), number of cases 950, deaths 117 — 1 in 8; Point a la
Haelie, La., on Mississippi River, 4 cases, all fatal; Point Pleasant, La.,
GO cases, 13 deaths — 1 in J. 2 ; Port Eads, Ln., 62 cases, 14 deaths — 1 in 4.2 ;
Port Gibson, Miss, (population 1,500), number of cases in town and vicinity
1,340, deaths 294 — 1 in 4.2; Port Hudson, La. (population 200), number
of cases 74, deaths 12 — 1 in 6; Raleigh, Tenn., 9 miles from Memphis, cases
64, deaths 18 — 1 in 3.2 ; Richoc, a jjlimtation near Franklin, La., 62 cases,
18 deaths — 1 in 3.2; Rocky Springs, Miss., cases 127, deaths 39 — 1 in 3f ;
St. Gabriel, La. (population 425), cases 132, deaths 38 — 1 in 3f ; St. James,
La., 36 cases, 4 deaths — 1 in 9; St. Louis, Mo., 116 cases, 46 deaths — 1 in
2.2— principally among refugees ; Senatobia, Tate County, Miss, (population
1,400) cases 26, deaths 7 — 1 in 4; Somerville, Fayette County, Tenn. , number
of cases 151, deaths 66 — 1 in 2.3; Southwest Pass, on Mississipjii River, cases
26, deaths 8; Stephenson, Ala., 5 cases, 2 deaths; Stone ville. Miss., and
vicinity, 110 cases, 80 deaths — 1 in 1.2; Summit, Pike County, Miss., a few
cases and 3 deaths; Sunflower, Miss., on Mississippi River, 48 cases, 15
deaths — 1 in 3; Talliilah, La., and vicinit}', number of cases 33, deaths 4 — 1
in 8; Tangijiaha, La., and vicinity (population 300), number of cases 178,
deaths 69 — 1 in 4 ; Terry, Hinds County, Miss, (popidation 225), number of
cases 10, deaths 5 — 1 in 2 ; Terrene, Ark., on White River, cases 21, deaths
19 ; Thibodeaux Parish, La., total cases in parish 1,800, deaths 175 — 1 in 10;
the young man was not inside. "He must be in there somewhere," replied the man,
"for I heard him groan just now." Dr. Carr replenished his light and reentered, and
after a careful search found what he thought at first was a negro, covered with black
and filthy clothing, in a dirty corner behind the cooking-stove. It was the wretched,
abandoned, and dying youth, covered with filth, who, in his delirium and search for
water, had crawled all over the dirty floors of the cabin, and, finally exhausted, sank
down in the corner to die. Dr. Carr learned that for twenty-four hours no one had
boon near the poor wretch. His own flesh and blood forsook him and fled, and there he
suffered and died in a manner that freezes one's blood to think of. Such was the dread
which the pestilence originated, and such the fearful condition of brutal indifference to
all but self, which it in many instances developed. The Porter was afterward put in
projjor sanitary condition by her owners, and her two barges were destroyed. Many
other steamers pa.ssed up from New Orleans in August, to which was refused clean bills
of health. Among them the John A.Scudder, on which one case developed on the 7th of
August — a lady — who was put off at Refuge Landing, Miss., and there died. The
Golden Croxm, which jjassed up some days before, and at Memphis put off several pas-
sengers, was not allowed to land at any of the points above. She tried to evade the
quarantine, it was said, as she did at Memphis, notwithstanding Dr. Lawrence refu.sed
to give her a clean bill of health, and Dr. John Erskino compelled her to anchor in the
stream. William Warne, one of the first cases (the first reported by the Board of
Health), had been a deck-hand on the Golden Crorvn. At Cairo she was ordered off, but
at Mound City she landed all that remained of her passengers on the 19th, all well. At
Shawneetown, 111., as she approaclied, a military company was sent down to the river to
prevent her landing. Her answer to this demonstration was what the local papers
termed a piece of bravado. She fired one gun, as a salute to the military, and all hands
turned out on the decks, and Went to fiddling, dancing, and frolicking. The steamer
Mary Houston also passed up with fever on board, which developed at New Albany, on
the 6th, to an alarming extent, several of those attacked dying.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
97
Tiisciimbia, Ala. (population 1,300), nearly all left, and disease was confined
to Memphis refugees and colored people of the town; cases 119, deaths 31 — 1
in 4; Tuscaloosa, Ala., 2 cases, 2 deaths; Valley Horn, Miss. (Horn Lake),
cases 30, deaths 17 — 1 in 2; Vicksburg, Miss., Washington, D. C, 5 cases, 5
deaths — all refugees from infected places ; Water Valley, Miss, (population
3,000), number of cases 146, deaths 47—1 in 3 ; White Haven, Slielby
County, Tenn.; Whistler, Ala., a few cases of refugees, one of whom died;
Williston, Tenn. (pojiulation 200), cases 16, deaths 11 — 1 in 1.2; Winchester,
Tenn., one refugee died ; Winona, Montgomery County, Miss., of a popula-
tion of 1,700 all fled l)ut 200, number of cases 27, deaths 9—1 in 3; Wythe
Depot, five miles from Memphis, 16 cases, 7 deaths — 1 in 2.2; Yazoo City,
Miss., on Yazoo River, number of cases 17, deaths 7 — 1 in 2.2.
1879. — Rio Janeiro, Para, and the north-western provinces of Brazil. Also
Santo Domingo, and Cuba, West Indies. New Os'leans, La., one case (im-
ported), March 31st; The United States steamer Plipnouth, which sailed from
Boston March 15th, for a cruise to the West Indies, returned to that city
April 4th, yellow fever having broken out when three hundred miles soutli-
east of Bermuda. The boatswain died of the disease. Tlie ship returned
from the West Indies last autumn with yellow fever on board, and it was
thought that fumigation and the frosts of a very severe winter in Boston had
destroyed all tiie germs.* The IMoblle Kcics, of the 16th of April, states tliat
*■ The first two cases were announced on the 23d, eight days from the date of departure
of the Plymouth from Boston, the vessel being in good condition and the crew in perfect
health. She was on her way to Guadaloupe, but when she reached latitude 22 north, a
short distance from Bermuda, the fever made its appearance. The Pli/nwuth had several
cases of yellow fever on board her while at Santa Cniz, in November of 1878. Two of
them resulted in death, the others recovered. She sailed at once for the north, where she
could be frozen out during the winter, as that had usually been considered a perfect
preventive of the spread of the disease. She lay all winter in Boston, where every
thing known to sanitary science was used to disinfect her of the germs of yellow fever.
She was entirely broken np, the stores landed and exposed to a freezing temperature,
and the ship thoroughly fumigated several times. A part of the time the ship was in a
dock, where large quantities of ice remained, and the temperature frequently reached a
point below zero. The water in the tanks and buckets in the store-rooms were con-
stantly frozen, and when she was removed from the dock and fires lighted mider her
boilers, she was so thoroughly chilled that for several days the water remained frozen
in her bilges. When the Plymouth left Boston all men of weak constitution or suscept-
ible of climatic influences were removed from her, and she went to sea with a crew
entirely healthy. Yet, notwithstanding all these precautions, yellow fever made its
appearance, as above stated. But the most curious and remarkable fact of all is that
the first man attacked, Eichard Sanders, machinist, had his hammock slung in the pre-
cise place of the man who first showed symptoms of yellow fever in Santa Cruz in
November last. For the present the Plymouth is in quarantine ofTthe Portsmouth navy-
yard, where every precaution has been taken to prevent intercourse with the sliore.
All the sick on board were taken to the quarantine hospital, and all her crew have
been removed from on board. There was, after her arrival in Boston, one death from
yellow fever, Peter Egan, the boatswain's mate, who was the second and last case on
board. Eichard Sanders, who was the first to show symptoms of the disease, recovered.
This experience of the Plymouth agrees with the two cases of death by yellow fever —
98
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER,
the bark Viscount Canning, Murphy, arrived in the lower bay on Monday, in
ballast, from Rio Janeiro, having left that port on the first of February.
There had been two deaths from fever, the last one on February 14th. Cap-
tain Murphy visited the city on Tuesday, to see if the bark Avould be allowed
to come up. The Board of Health took the matter under consideration, and
in the meantime Captain Murphy was asked to return on board until some
definite action was taken, for, although there might be no danger of contagion,
yet, in the feverish condition of public sentiment, it was best to run no risk.
one in New Orleans, the other in Memphis — given in the closing pages of the first
division of this book, and enforces the conclusion there stated that frost does not kill
the germs ; yet it is only just that Mr. Gamgee's opposing views be given, especially
since the National Government has appropriated $200,000 for the purpose of fully
testing his freezing apparatus. He says that the "United States vessel Plymouth was
not thoroughly disinfected by the operation of natural frost, as alleged, while last winter
in Boston. The report is that fire was kept up uninterruptedly in the captain's cabin,
and moreover that the presence of water around the hull would preserve a temperature
on the decks below the water line sufficiently high to keep the germs alive. Mr. Gamgee
insists that cold air must be forced into the lower holds of ships by artificial means to
make the freezing process successful."
The Surgeon-General of the U. S. Navy has furnished the following facts in regard
to the last outbreak of yellow fever on the United States steamer Plymouth: "On Nov.
7, 1878, four cases of yellow fever occurred on board the vessel while lying in the har-
bor of Santa Cruz; these were removed to the hospital on shore, and the ship sailed to
Norfolk. Three mild cases occurred during the voyage, and the Plymouth was ordered
to Portsmouth, N. H., thence to Boston. At the latter port every thing was removed
from the ship and all jiarts of the interior freely exposed to a temperature which fre-
quently fell below zero, the exposure continuing for more than a month. Ihiring this
time the water in the tanks, bilges, and in vessels placed in the store-rooms was frozen.
One hundred pounds of sulphur was burned below decks, this fumigation continuing
for two days, and the berth-decks, holds, and store-rooms were thoroughly whitewashed.
On March loth [1879] the ship sailed from Boston southward ; on the 19th, during a severe
gale, the liatches had to be battened down, and the berth-deck became very close and
■damp. On the 23d two men showed decided symptoms of yellow fever, and on the
recommendation of the surgeon the vessel was headed northward. The sick men were
isolated, and measures adopted for improving the hygienic condition of the vessel and
crew. The surgeon reported that he believed the infection to he confined to the hull of
the ship, especially to the unsound wood about the berth-deck, all the cases but one
having occurred within a limited area ; and that, while the Plymouth is in good sanitary
condition for service in temperate climates, should she be sent to a tropical station,
probably no precautionary measures whatever would avail to i^revent an outbreak of
yellow fever."
THE EPIDEMIC IN MEMPHIS, 18T8.
(99)
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER,
101
THE EPIDEMIC IN MEMPHIS, 1878.
I.
To reach some of the causes inducing the awful havoc of the yellow fever
epidemic in Memphis, during the months of August, September, October, and
November, 1878, and the impoverished and helpless condition of her people,
it will be necessary to review a part at least of the history of that city. By
a mismanagement, the result of the ignorance of the city legislators and the
indifference of the better cla.s.ses of her people, during a few years, Memphis
was reduced, in January, 1878, to bankruptcy. Her debt, floating and bonded,
tlien amounted to more than $5,500,000. Her taxable wealth, which before
the civil war was estimate<l at $28,000,000, was reduced to $18,000,000, and
of that $6,000,000 had been bought in by the State at tax sales, having been
delinquent for years. The population had doubled, but the volume of trade
was only a slight increase over tliat of 1860. Negro&s, who, under the system
of slavery, which prevailed up to tlie breaking out of the civil war, had been
productive laborers in the cotton fields of the adjoining States, attractetl l)y
the excitement it affords, flocked to the city, where at least one-third of them
were added to the ranks of the very poor, and either as petty tliieves or
wortldess paupers, depredated upon the industrious few of their own color, but
for the most part upon the thrifty whites. Thus the non-producers — those who
consume without laboring and live without the least regard for the obligations
of good citizenship — were increased to the proportions of a small army. Be-
sides this, taxation was high. Economy in public as in private affairs was un-
known. The period between 1865 and 1873, it will be remembered, was one of
extravagance throngliout the Union. Municipalities were freely bled for, in some
cases, unnecessary public and semi-public improvements. Appropriations of
public monies were made in the most reckless way. There was no provision for
the morrow, no consideration for the future. Promises to i)ay were lavishly
issued. Wall Street was in many instances supplicated to take the bonds
of solvent corporations at two-thirds of their face value. Capital was aggress-
ive, predatory, and supreme. Nearly every county and town was busy
issuing scrip or bonds. It was a pei iod of wanton waste that by the light of
the intelligence usually charnctei-istic of the American j)eople is without
excuse. Thousands of miles of raili-oad were built that have not and will not
for years to come pay dividends. The life insurance mania was at its height.
To incur obligations without the means to meet them when pay-day came
round seemed to be the order of the day. Extravagance raged as an
102
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOAV FEVER.
epidemic. Swindlers and rogues were everywhere reveling in ill-gotten gains.
Tlie people were blind to their folly, and infatuated by the fictitious evidences
of progress. The destructive demon of bankruptcy was hovering over the
land preparing for his work. Memphis was no better than New York. Theft
was net committed was the case in the great metropolis, but ignorance and
incapacity Avere working as great a wrong. Taxes were levied, but were not
collected. The current expenses could not be met. >Scrip was resorted to.
The city government went into the banking business, and scattered its promises
to pay broadcast. There was at one time as much as $960,000 of it afloat.
It was sold as low as twenty-three cents on the dollar. When the policemen,
firemen, and other employes could not get par for it, they petitioned the
General Council to have the difference made up to them. This was for some
time done, but always by a fresh issue of sciip. The county, at the same
time, under the government of commissioner.^, was engaged in the same
method of slow hut sure financial suicide. Tlie press expostulated; it was
not heeded. Those who controlled municipal afiairs had no regard for public
opinion. The property owners seemed to be, if they were not wholly, in-
different. The merchants were too busy with their private afKiirs to pay any
attention to those of the public, and the people generally were so absorbed
in tiie work of rehal)ilitating their homes despoiled by the war as to be care-
less of the recklessness of their representatives. They did not see, they would
not see, that a crop of wholesale ruin was being sown in a soil all too pro-
ductive. There were not wanting spasmodic attempts at " letrenchment and
reform," but these occurred at rare intervals. The stream of ruin steadily
increased in volume and violence until at last it reached a point where a halt
was called to prevent utter and entire lo,-s. When the debt had reached the
enormous sum of $5,500,000, the State, as has been stated, had taken posses-
sion of one-third of the realty for delinquent taxes, leaving only §12,000,000
worth to bear the burdens imposed for the support of the State, county, and
city governments. The city, while this monument of folly was in course of
construction, had passed through six epidemics — one of war, one of recon-
struction, two of yellow fever (1867 and 1873), one of cholera, and one of
small-pox. Up to 1878, for twenty years, Memphis had been the center of an
extraordinary political agitation, of the passion and prejudice of the two
sections, of the heat and strife of civil commotion, the un charitableness of
sectional animosity and the bitterness of party politics. In all that time there
was not a single year of repose, of quiet, steady conservative endeavor, such as
was before the war characteristic of the cities and towns of the South. The pub-
lie pulse beat feverishly, and the ver}'^ uncertainties of life became a provocation
to wastefulness and extravagance. That under such circumstances Memphis
survives to-day is a special wonder to all fiimiliar with her wayward and
untoward history. In any other country, and by any other people, she would
long since have been abandoned and given over to decay and ruin. Having
tluis suffered, and living in a constant ferment of excitement, it is not to be
wondered at tliat in August of 1878 the mere rumor of a possible epidemic
of yellow fever precipitated a panic among tlie people. This was initiated
A HISTORY OF THK YELLOW FEVER.
103
early in May, wlien the question of quarantine was agitated with a view to
prevent a visitation of the disease then known to prevail in epidemic form
in the West Indies. This agitation monopolized the public mind for several
weeks, but Avas eventually disposed of by the General Council, which,
although petitioned thereto by the whole Ijody of merchants and business
men, refused to permit its estal)lishment. On this Dr. Mitchell, Piesident
of the Board of Health, resigned, and was succeeded by Dr. Saunders wlio,
aided by a prompt subscription of funds by tlie merchants,* immediately
set about improving the sanitary condition of the city, which was disgraceful
in the extreme. Miles of Nicholson pavement were decaying and sending
forth a poison that none in the city limits could avoid, and tlie soil was
reeking with the offal and e.xcreta of ten thousand families. There was no
organized scavenger system, no means by Avhich the ashes and garbage could,
as it should be, daily carted away. The accumulations of forty years were
decaying upon the surface ; a bayou dividing tiie city, and which was the
receptacle of the contents of privies and Matei'-closets, was sluggisii and without
current, owing to the want of water and the fact that there had been scarcely
any rain for several weeks. Dead animals were decaying in many parts of it,
and the pools which had formed at the abutments of the several bridges were
stagnant and covered with a scum of ])utridity, emitting a deadly efHnvia.
The cellars of the houses in the leading thor(jng]ifares were also alembics, in
which were manufactured noxious gases which stole ovit and made the night
air an almost killing poison. The streets were filthy, and every affliction that
could aggravate a disease so cruel seemed to have been purposely prepared
for it by the criminal neglect of the cit}' government, who turned a deaf ear
to the persistent ajipealsof the press. But they were not wholly to blame ; the
charter, under M'hich they acted, was so worded as to provide but little funds
for sanitary relief, and no relief in case of the dreadful emergency of an
epidemic, notwithstanding 1867 and 1873. Every interest was carefully
guarded and provided for, save that of the health and lives of the peojile.
They must either take care of themselves — that is, be prepared to abandon
their homes when yellow fever or cholera made its apjiearance — or be ready to
meet death. Ignorant of the laws of life, its framers denied to themselves and
their fellow-citizens the advantages of a growing intelligence in regard to san-
itary affairs. But even these were not much to be blamed ; their ignorance of
sanitation curses every city in the land ; f )r what municipality in the Union is
to-day in a condition to resist epidemic disease if once it secures a foothold
under the conditions necessary to its rajud propagation ? Perhaj)s Boston, no
other could. Defective sewerage,"!' if nothing else, dominates all attempts at
— . — I,
*Tlie city treasury was empty.
t Dr. T. P. Corbally, in an article on the " Brooklyn sewers," which appeared in the
April (1879) number of the Sanitai-ian, takes tlie ground that "The system is ratlically
wrong, and that the sewers, accepting them as they are, have been managed with a
degree of negligence which becomes criminal in view of the danger which such negli-
gence causes to the health and the lives of the people." To sustain this position, he
adduces a great deal of proof, the best of which is contained in an extract, which he
104
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
pei'fect sanitation, and the clamors of the gutter politicians are more effective
than the warnings and appeals of skilled sanitarians. Seaboard cities have
permanent pools of filth at every dock, and those inland pour into the rivers
on the banks of which they are built a continuous stream of nameless nasti-
ness that increases with the population. The quarters of the very poor are,
for want of suitable provision or accommodation, as bad as those of many of
the older cities of Europe. Instead of being an example, as Ave are in so many
other respects for the world, ours, in sanitary matters, are, many of them, little
better than the poorest cities of the least advanced nations of Europe. We
have gas and water in our houses, but we have also water-closets, Avhich
are so many means of escape for the most subtle of all the life-destroy-
ing gases.* After tlie experiences of 1873, it was hoped by the press that
the citizens of Memphis, so far as they could, would compel a reform that
would enhance the value of human life. Instead of that they permitted the
passage of the new charter, Avhich cheapened it by preferring remedies for
quotes from the Keport of the Engineer to the Board of Health of Brooklyn, as follows:
"During' storms, when the sewers are in a measure gorged, and the increased flow
within them is backed into the house-drains, the rush of water with so great a fall
through the leader will render its use as a ventilator for the drain entirely out of the
question, and the gases in the drains will be forced somewhere into the house. Its
failure as a ventilator occurs during the very time when it is most needed, by reason
of the increased pressure having been brought upon all the traps communicating with
the drain." Again, "The inhabitants are clamorous to be free from foul sewerage in
their cellars, and to be saved the expense of cleaning them whenever thej' are flooded.
Tlie property has been assessed for the construction of these sewers, and successive
Health Boards have compelled the owners to connect their houses with these elongated
cess-pools" — cess-pools that make life as cheap on tlie average in Brooklyn as in Xcw
Orleans, which, as Dr. Holt, of that city, claims, rests upon a dung-heap. And Xew
York, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Chicago, St. Louis, and, no doubt,.
San Francisco, are quite as bad. The sewerage systems of these, and nearU- all our
cities, are nothing better than so many " elongated cess-pools," from which the gases
escape "somewhere in the houses," resulting in typhoid fever, small-pox, scarlet fever,
diphtheria, croup, and meningitis, which carry off so many jjersons as to bring the
average of deaths up to, in some cases above, that of New Orleans. From this death-
dealing poison there is only one escape, and that is by the destruction by fire of excreta,
ashes, and debris and offal of every description. Fire is the purifier. In every ward
of every city in the country, and in every town, furnaces for this pui-pose should be
erected. Water-closets should be done away with, and the sewers should alone be used
for carrying ofT the surface water of the streets and the waste water of the houses ; and
from them large ventilating pipes should lead into the sanitary furnaces, so that any
lurking or latent poisons might be drawn' off" by the draught created by the fire, into ,
which it would pass to be consumed. Sewer-gas is to-day killing more persons every!
year than the yellow fever in its worst periods of ejjidemic, a«d so long as water-closets
are allowed to exist it will continue to kill, just as, until a better sanitary system
obtains in the southern cities, visitations of yellow fever may be expected.
■•■ Among the many disorders which may arise from the effluvia of drains and sewers,
two additional ones have been recently mentioned in the English journals for the first
time, viz., abscess of the cervical glands, and a tendency on the part of ulcerated surfaces
to become sluggish and to yield to no ordinary management. Sometimes these ulcers
take on a diphtlieritoid appearance.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
105
every thing el-e but the public safety. A few thousand dollars were set apart
for that purpose, scarcely enough for a month of effective sanitary work. An
efficient Board of Health thus found its hands tied. It could do next to
nothing, and confronted by an ignorance so obtuse and besotted as to reject all
instruction, its members became disheartened. In this condition the rumors
of yellow fever ftll upon the public ear full of evil portent, and the hope of
the people fell to zero. Apprehensions thus awakened were quickened almost
beyond control by the jiublication, in the morning papers of the 26tli of July, of
the fact that the yellow fever had made its ajtpearance in New Orleans and threat-
ened to become epidemic. The tardiness with which this information readied
the doomed city was not due to any want of diligence on the part of the State
or city health authorities. Dr. i\Iaury, of the State Board, wrote to Dr. Chopin,
of the New Orleans Board, on the 21st of May, asking for information. He
received a curt reply that l:e (^lauiy) would receive official information regu-
larly, and that he (Chopin) would not conceal any thing from the public. He
stated additionally that the Boruma, from Liverpool, via Havana, was then
quarantined below the city with six cases of yellow fever on board. Dr. Chopin
was evidently on the qui vive. But notwithstanding his vigilance, the steamer
Sudder passed up to the city wharf on the 23d. The purser of that vessel,
who had evaded quarantine, sickened and died of yellow fever. In him it is
asserted that the ejiidemic had its origin, and from him it spread. Dr. Maury
continued to receive the New Orleans weekly health reports, according to the
health officer's promise, but no cases of yellow fever were found in them ; nor
was any warning of even the existence of the disease conveyed until the
26th of July, when the newspapei'S of the country published Dr. Chopin's
letter to Dr. Woodworth, Supervising Surgeon of J\larine Hospitals at Wash-
ington, although it is well known that cases occurred before, and were re-
ported about the 13th of July, and that the malady had been making
havoc in the neighborhood of the refuge of the purser and mate of the death-
freighted Sudder. But slow as the sad news was in reaching Memphis, it came
all too fast. So soon as it was verified, the herdth officer, Dr. John Erskine, noti-
fied the city authorities, who, at last, but only when the whole population was
worked up to a point of dread, in some cases bordering on insanity, gave consent
to the establishment of the quarantine which they had refused to provide for
only a few days before. The doctor, a noble example of official zeal, profes-
sional enthusiasm, and manly independence, at once jierfected arrangements, and
quarantine stations were established on the Memphis and Charleston Railroad,
at Germantown, some twelve miles from the city, on the Mississijipi and Ten-
nessee Railroad, at Whitehaven Station, eight miles from the city, and on the
river at the lower or southern point of President's Island. It was believed that
this would prove effectual, especially as the railroad and steambont officials had
promised to second it by a rigid surveillance over passengers and baggage; and
the peojjle on the lines mentioned, and all along the river, for their personal
safety, talked of or had already taken measures to enforce, in each case, local
quarantine, by a decided exhibit of pjwer in the form of a hastily formed mili-
tia or police force. These measures and assurances had some effect with most
I
106
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
of the people of the city, but there were a few who, in a purely idle spirit, some of
them because they had nothing else to do, went about expressing their own fears,
and with an assumption of wisdom wliich neither their experience, habits, or
education would warrant, predicted the direst consequences to the city. The
uneasy feeling thus kept alive by the shiftless and thriftless gossips of the street,
Avas aggravated by the announcement, on the 2d of August, of a case of yellow
fever at the City Hospital — a steamboatman, who died at quarantine on the 3d —
and by the dispatches from New Orleans, which every day gave an increased
number of cases, and a mortality that, in proportion, Mas much larger than had
before been known in that city. On the 9th of August, rumors prevailed that
the fever had made its appearance in Grenada, Miss., the southern terminus of
the Mississippi and Tennessee Railroad. Inquiry by telegraph, made on the
10th by citizens of Memphis, brought the most positive contradictions. But
on the very day these were published in the newspapers there came a most
anxious call for nurses and physicians. This appeal was responded to by the
Howard Association,* Butler P. Anderson and W. J. Smith volunteering their
services. These gentlemen left the city on the afternoon train and reached
Grenada that night. On Monday, Anderson telegraphed to the Appeal that
yellow fever, of the same type as that which cost Memphis 2,000 lives in 1873,
prevailed epidemically, that twenty new cases had developed during the twenty-
four hours since his arrival, and there was then a total of one hundred cases,
none of which had so far yielded to treatment. The publication of these
facts, and others from other sources of information, on the 13th of August,
had the effect of exciting the people of the city to the last degree of alarm.
Business was neglected. Men met in groups and discussed the news, and
the probability of Memphis being attacked, little dreaming that already the
fever had made a lodgment in the city, and had taken its second victim,
*The parent Association was organized twenty-five years ago (1853) in New Orleans,
■when it and other cities of the South were so cruelly afflicted with the fever, and such
horror and panic were excited that liusbands deserted their wives, parents their cliildren,
and the ties of common humanity seemed shattered. Napoleon B. Kneass, now of Phil-
adel|)hia, but formerly a merchant of New Orleans, says that the organization originated
in his store, among his clerks, especially two of them, whose mother was from San Do-
mingo, and had seen much of the epidemic. They went about the city, hunted up new
cases, and furnished the sufferers with medicines prepared by her and found elfective in
Hayti. From tliese clerks, as a nucleus, the Association was formed. Young men of wealth
joined it, and the name of Howard was adopted, in lionor of the renowned English pliilan-
thropist. They obtained medicines, nurses, and physicians, and established agencies in
all the towns and cities that had been, or were likely to he, infected, binding themselves
to act together at every reappearance of the pestilence. This body increased rapidly in
numbers and means, and before the civil war it was one of the richest benevolent socie-
ties in the country. That bitter contest left most of its members poor, and the Associa-
tion h:is been crippled in its power to do good. Until recently they never asked for aid,
but any contributions to the cause were received, and distributed according to existing
need. They divide the town or city into districts, to each of wliich members are assigned,
and, when the disease reveals itself, each case is immediately reported to headquarters.
The visiting committee at once investigates the matter, physicians and nurses are em-
ployed, and every thing is done that can be done to relieve the patient.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
107
perhaps more. The death of Mrs. Bionda, an Italian snack-house keeper,
was announced on the 14th as the first case originating in the city.* This
increased the general fear. The little comjmny of panic-stricken citizens
was increased to a regiment, and in that ratio every hour until the next
morning (the 15th), when the announcement of twenty-two new cases gave a
fresh impetus to their dread, and, passing all bounds and limits of sense,
thinking only of their personal safety, many of them indifferent to their fate,
so they could get away from the now-admittedly-infected city, sougiit
safety in flight. The announcement of thirty-three new cases on tiie 16th
confirmed most of those who wei-e willing to take their chances that an e])i-
demic threatened, and a hegira ensued, which increased the feeling tliat in-
spired it, until at last the whole population was precipitated into a panic,
surpassing all powers of description, and which deadened all human sj'nipa-
thy, all the kindlier emotions of the human heart, all feeling of kinship, all
regard for neighborly claims, and in some cases all natural affection. The
croakers were jubilant. "I told you so!" was often repeated. Business was
almost as suddenly stopped as the fever began. Stores and offices were
hastily closed. Sauve que -pute was the order of the day. The future, which
only a few short weeks before seemed so bright, was forgotten in dread of the
pestilence, which, in the brief space of forty-eight hours had claimed fifty-
five victims. Men, women, and children jjoured out of the city by every
possible avenue of escape. A few steamboats were filled, but these were
*This is not true. It was ascertained, after the epidemic was fairly establislicd, that
many cases had occurred before her's. ]\Irs. C. W. Ferguson, boarding at tlie residence
of Attorney-General G. P. M. Turner, 279 Second Street, states (hat on the 21st of July a
colored man came up the river, whose wife was cook for ^Ir. Turner. This woman had a
residence in the yard back of the Turner house, and abutting on an alley which runs from
Second to Main Street. Her husband had been taken with a severe chill on the boat on
the morning of the day on which he landed, and when he reached his home had a very high
fever for several days. For this his wife treated him with hot teas, and he recovered.
Subsequently, and about ten days after his arrival, Mr. Turner's two children were
taken with well-marked cases of yellow fever. One of them died, and the other recov-
ered. In the meantime, a young man named Willie Darby, an employe of Farrell, the
oyster-dealer, who lived at 277 Second Street, and who was in the habit of passing to his
meals through the alley infected by the colored man, although he slept in the third
story of his house, was taken with the fever, but recovered. lie was nursed by his
aunt, and was not visited by a doctor. His was the second case ; it occurred on the
25th of July. The good woman who saved his life took the fever and died, as did
nearly all who lived in the house or in the houses near by. Mrs. Zack (white), who re-
sided on the opposite side of the street, died of the fever on the 5th of August, and her
brother-in-law, taken on the 10th, died on the 13th, the day before Mrs. Bionda died.
About the 1st of August, the steamer Golden Crown landed three ladies, who were taken
to the residence of Esquire Winters, on Alabama Street, and among them the fever de-
veloped, it was reported, about the 10th of August. All in this house but the 'Squire
were attacked, but recovered. Before this, Mr. John Campbell, whose house was o])pii-
site that of Mr. Winters, was taken sick, and died, it was reported at the time, of con-
gestion, but afterward was proven to be yellow fever, as his wife and many others were
subsequently attacked in the same way, and developed well -defined cases of yellow
fever.
108
A HISTORY OF TPIE YELLOW FEVER.
for the most part shunned, especially by those who had the means
for raih'oad travel, and liad mind sufficient left to think of the possi-
bility of their becoming charnel-houses, subject to the quarantines and
freaks of folly of populations equally scared and bent upcm their own
safety. Out by tlie country roads to the little hamlets and plantations, where
many of them were welcome guests in hnppier days ; out by every possi-
ble conveyance— by hacks, by carriages, buggies, wagons, furniture vans, and
street drays; away by batteaux, by any thing that could float on the river;
and by the railroads, the trains on which, especially on the Louisville Road,
Avei'e so packed as to make the trip to that city, or to Cincinnati, a positive
torture to many delicate women every mile of the way. The aisles of the cars
were filled, and the platforms packed. In vain the railroad officials plead, in
vain they increased the accommodations. The stream of passengers seemed to
be endless, and they seemed to be as mad as they were many. The ordinary
courtesies of life were ignored ; politeness gave way to selfishness, and the de-
sire for personal safety broke through all the social amenities. If there was no
positive indecency exhibited, there was a pushing, noisy, self-asserting, and
frenzied rudeness, that was not abashed even in the presence of refined, delicate,
and sensitive women. There was only one thought uppermost, and that was
increased to an inexpressible terror. Men, refused admittance to the cars,
took forcible possession of them, making such an exhibit of will, backed by
arms, as deterred even the few policemen present from any interference. But
with these there was more sympathy with than opposition to this rude re-
bellion against routine, custom, order, and social law. If they made any ef-
forts to prevent these assaults upon the rules and rights of the railroad
companies, it was altogether by words, and not deeds. No arrests were
made — not even when the windows of the cars were opened from the out-
side, and men and boys were thrust in, over and despite the expostulations
of the respectable women who occupied the seats. The cars of the trains
for several days went out literally packed to suffocation with people. Every
station and town had shortly its quota of refugees from Memphis, who, still
inspired by the apprehensions Avhich urged them to abandon their neighbors,
and leave business and property to a j^ossible fate they at no time dreamed
q^", spread the panic, some of them carrying with them the seeds of the
disease which, with time and conditions to propagate, afterward brought to
their hospitable and generous hosts the misery and death which then plagued
their relatives and friends. To the cities of the far north and the far
west they fled, too many of them to die on the way, like dogs, neglected
and shunned, as if cursed of God; or, to reach the wished-for goal, only to
die, a plague to all about, cainying dismay to those who even then were busy-
ing themselves for the relief of the stricken cities of the South. In less than
ten days, by the 24th of August, twenty-five thousand people had left the
city, and, in two weeks after, five thousand others were in camp, leaving a
little less than twenty thousand to face consequences they could not escape. Some
had walked away, having no means to pay for transportation, and, in Arkan-
sas, many were forced to leave the trains and camp in the forest, unprepared
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
109
as they were for a mode of living which not even the liardiest can encounter
without risk to health and life. Shot-gun quarantines were by this time (the
26th of August) establislied at nearly all j^oints in the interior, as well as upon
the river ; and, without leave, license, or law, trade was embargoed and travel
prohibited. For the sake of humanity, men became inhuman. For the sake
of saving those out of the fever's reach from its touch or taint, they denied a
refuge to those who wei'e fleeing from it. Law was everyvi'here suspended, but
order was maintained. Even rogues for a time forgot their occupation, and the
rash who v/ere addicted to folly were sobered by the fear of the unseen foe by
this time making itself felt where assurances were held out to the last, based
upon the stupid zone theory, that it could neither find lodgment nor live.
II.
By the last week in August the panic was over in tlie city. All had fled
who could, and all were in camp who would go. There was then, it was esti-
mated, about three thousand cases of fever. INIost of the white men who were
not in bed, and wiio were to be met upon the streets, were engaged in the work
of relief either as pliysicians, nurses, as Howard visitors, or as members of the
other organizations whicli did such noble service. The weather C(mtinued in-
tensely hot and dry. During this month (August), it averaged 82.2° as com-
pared with 79° for the same month in 1873. In September, it averaged 72° as
compared with 71° in the same month in 187-3. In October, 60.8° as compared
with 56° in the same month in 1873, and in Novend)er, 57.8° as compared with
49° in the same month in 1873.* The drain of the physical energies, induced
by this long-continued heat, was as fearful as the strain on the* mind and heart,
induced by the destruction of the fever. Fioni eitlier there was neither re-
* Dr. Schenck, of St. Louis, insists that ycHow fever is a disease of the tropics, and
occurs during .July, August, and Septcml.ier. Exceptions to tliis Iiavc occurred in the
West Indies, where they had a .severe epidemic in February. Dr. La Roche states tliat
during July Philadelphia has had seven epidemics to commence. New Orleans (from
LSI 7 to 1853), fourteen ; New York, three ; Boston, two. During the month of August
Philadelphia had'three ; Charleston, six; New York, two ; Providence, Ehode Island,
two. Yellow fever being a disease of the tropics, it requires a liigh temperature; it
never spreads where tlie thermometer stands at less than 72' Fahrenheit. It has Ixui
proven in Philadelphia, in a series of years embracing many epidemics, that it occurred
ill no year when the average thermometer at '.> o clock r. m. was under 70° during the
summer, and that the extent and malignancy of the disease were proportionate t(j the
extent in which it exceeded that height, and that the average temperature of .Jtnie anil
•luly, at that hour, governs the season in relation to health, insomuch that if by thetirst
of August in any year the average shall bo below tliat degree, they feel confident that
during that season yellow fever will not occur. Dr. Barton says that in evcrv instance
in yellow fever epidemics iu New Orleans great heat was tlic predominant condition ;
and it was remarked that the return of the intense heat rein-oduced the fever two or
three times. In the months of May and June preceding the epidemics at New Orleans,
no
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER,
lease nor relief. An appalling gloom hung over the doomed city. At night,
it was silent as the grave, l)y day, it seemed desolate as the desert. There were
hours, especially at night, when the solemn oppressions of universal deatli hore
upon the human mind, as if the day of judgment was about to dawn. Not a
sound was to be heard ; the silence was painfully profound. Death prevailed
everywhere. Trade and traffic were suspended. The energies of all wlio re-
mained were enlisted in the struggle with death. The poor were reduced to
beggary, and even the rich gladly accepted alms. At midday a noisj" multi-
tude of negroes broke in upon the awful monotony of death, the dying, and
the dead, clamoring each for his dole of the bounty which saved the city from
plunder and tiie torch. When these had gone to their homes, now fast being
invaded by the fover, the cloud of gloom closed down again and settled, thick,
black, and liideous, upon every living soul. Even the animals felt the op-
pression ; they fled from the city. Rats, cats, or dogs Avere not to be seen.
Death was triumphant. White women were seldom to be met ; children, never.
TJie voice of prayer was lifted up only at the bed of pain or death, or in some
home circle where anguish was supreme and death threatened, as in a few cases
he accomplished total annihilation. Tears for one loved one were choked back
by the feeling of uncertainty provoked by the sad condition of another. lu
one case a family of four was found dead in the same room, the bodies par-
tially decomposed. There were no public evidences of sorrow. The wife was
borne to the tomb while the husb.ind was unconscious of his loss ; and whole
families were swept away in such quick succession that not one had knowledge
of the other's departure. Deat'.i dealt kindly by these. In a week father,
mother, and sisters and brothers were at rest, at peace. There was no mourn-
ing; no widow, no orphans. The parents went first; in a few hours the cliil-
dren followed. In some cases one of the parents was left dazed, stunned, in a
condition beyond tears and bordering on insanity. In one such case, a motlier,
tlius left, turned from her griefs with a brave heart, sustained by a holy trust,
to nurse the sick. Her losses and trials deepened her sympathies and enabled
her to appreciate the disheartened, almost demented, condition of those yet in
the valley of tha shadow, through whic'.i she had passed. She entered the sick-
room with all the confidence of a martyr and dispensed the holy and comfort-
ing assurances of a saint. There was alniost healing in her touch. A man
also, thus bereft, who, in one short week, buried all his pets, who rose from a
sick-bed to lay his wifo away forever, also became a nurse, and for weeks, uu-
the average temperature at midday was 8". 75°. In Brazil and Demarara it is noticed
that whenever the disease varied or changed, it was usually preceded by variation of
temperature. Though Dr. Parks states tliat the observations at Lisbon (in 1857), made
by Dr. Lyons, shows tliat there is no rehitinn to the dew point in an epidemic of yellow
ever, yet the experiments in the South show that the dew point of yellow fever is 70°
to 80°; the disease rarely exists when it is under G0°. It is a common phrase to call the
clear days of the season of the disease "yellow fever weather;" they are characterized
by being very hot in the sun and cool in the shade, such days as when you are burning on
one side of the street and on the other side you feel an inclinatian to button up your coat.
During the worst periods of the epidemic at Galveston in 1867, the most frequent wind
was from the cast; still more remarkable was the frequency and long duration of calms.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
Ill
til tlie epidemic closed, went about doing good. Another woman lioroieally
iiursed and buried her husband and three children, and then lay down — a
walking case — and, as she said, gladly welcomed death. Others, as sadly l^c-
reft, vainly prayed for death to i-elease them from sorrows that could not be
assuaged. Sadder cases than these were the orjjhans, who lost both parents,
children who were dropped from comfort into poverty and robbed in a tew
hours of the care, protection, and guidance of loving pareuts, to become a pub-
lic charge and the inmates of public asylums. A time came when the care of
these little ones was as great an anxiety to the few who were left to manage
affairs as the burial of the dead. The asylums were already full, and their iu-
mates were bearing their share of the awful burden of death. The peo2)le of
Nashville kindly and generously volunteered their aid. They took the chil-
dren, and the relieved citizens turned their attention to the uidmried bodies tliat
were emitting the most noisome stenches, death-breeding and death-dealing.
Some of these were found in a state little better than a lot of bones in a pud-
dle of green water. Two bodies were found on a leading street in so ad-
vanced a stage of decomposition that they were rolled in the carpets on which
they had fallen in the agonies of dissolution and were lifted into boxes, in
which they were hurried to the potter's field and buried. Half the putrid I'e-
mains of a negro woman were found in an out))nililing near the Appeal office ;
the other half had been eaten by rats, that wore found dead by hundreds near
by. A young gentleman, w^ell known as a merchant, died in his room alone,
after, it is supposed, a forty-eight hours' illness, and was only traced by the gases
from his body, which was found so far advanced in jjutrefaction that it was with
difficulty any one could be found to bury it. More than sixty unburied bodies
, were found by the burial corps, hastily organized by the Citizens' Relief Com-
mittee. Many of these were put away in the trenches where the paupers and the
unknown sleep peacefully together. The carnival of death was now at its height.
Women were found dead, their little babes gasping in the throes of death be-
side the breasts at which they had tugged in vain. One case is recalled where
the babe was literally glued to the bosom, where it had found food and shelter,
and perhaps expired at the same moment as the mother, whose love was evi-
denced even in a death embrace. Others passed away after the labors of birth
had supervened upon the fever — mother and child l)eing buried in the same
grave. The penalties of maternity, which always command the tenderest solici-
tude and sympathy, were paid in nameless agonies, leading in all but two cases
to forfeiture of life. No words can convey an idea of the peculiar sufferings to
which women were subjected ; some who had passed safely into the vigor of
old age, were again taxed with functions long since silenced, and in the moment
of death, and even after it, this curse of the sex asserted itself to an amazing
and an astonishing degree. Not a few were affected with swellings that took
on the form of goitre, increasing the disgusting consequences of a disease that
to the patient is one of the most offensive — as much so as small -]wx, or the
black plague of the East. Its effects upon men were equally forbi<l(ling. It
was no respecter of persons; good and bad went down togethei-, but those
whose physical system had been impaired by diseases which are a special pen-
112
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
alty of lecherous excesses, died soonest. Peculiarly a disease of the nervous
system, it was f.ital to those wiiose energies had been exhausted by debauchery.
But neither cleanliness nor right living -were a shield to stay the hand of this
destroyer. He invaded the homes of tl;e most chaste, and the den of the vilest.
He took innocence and infiin)y at the same moment, and spread terror every-
where. Where sorrow was so general there could l;e no parade of it. There
were no funerals, and but few demands for funeral services. The luxuries of
woe were di.-pensed with. In most cases tl;e diiver of Ihc hearse and an assist-
ant comprised the funeral i^arty. Not unfrequently many bodies were left in
the cemetery unburied for a night, so hard pressed were the managers for labor,
and so numerous the demands upon what they had. The bell at the grave-yard
gate was for a long time tolled by a lovely girl, who for weeks was her father's
only help. She kept the registry of the dead, and knew what the havoc of
the fever was; yet she remained at her self-selected post, her father's coura-
geous clerk, until sickness conquered her physical energies ; but she recovered,
and after a few days resumed her place, keeping tally until the plague itself
Avas numbered with the things that were. No bell save that of death was
tolled. The churches were closed. Tiie congregations were dispersed. The
members were far apai't. Some were safe, many were dead. Only a few
survived, and these were manifesting their faith by works. The police*
Avere cut down from forty-one to seven. Their ranks were recruited, and
again were thinned. They were a second and a third time filled uj"), and
yet death was relentless. He was jealous of all sway but his own. The
fire departmentf was cut down to thirteen. One by one they fell, dying
at their posts; yet those who remained were always ready, with their com-
rades of the police force, to protect and save the lives and property of their,
fellow-citizens. Their bells, too, were silenced out of tender regard for the
sick — so changed do rugged nnd even rough men become in the presence of an
overwhelming and incomprehensible calamit}'. Their hearts went out in sym-
pathy to all alike. The city was to them as one house, and all the stricken
inmates of one family, to which they themselves belonged. They were pervaded
l)y the spirit of the Howards, of the Citizens' Relief Committee, and of all the
organizations for the relief and succor of living or dead — the spirit of charity.
Fortunately there were but few fires, and these made no gieat demand upon
the exertions of the department. But petty thieving prevailed as an epidemic.
This was, however, principally confined to food and clothing, and wood or coal,
'* Of the Police Department, Iwenty-seveii out of a total of forty-eight men were
attaclced, of whom ten died and peveiiteen convalesced. The dead are as follows: Cap-
tain William Homan, Sei'gcant .James McConnell, and Patrolmen James McConnell,
William Unveisagt, I. .J. Hnber. W. H. Sweeney, M. Cannon, M. 31. Allison, Fred.
Restmcyer, and Tim Hope.
tXhe following named members of the fire department died: Capt. P. Haley, Jno.
Considine, Patrick Cronin, J. R. Luccarnia, Thomas Brennan, Felix Plaggio, Dennis
Sullivan, Michael Fepny, Martin Carney, Michael Farrell, Tony Grifiin, Jno. Leech,
Patrick Connell, B. Lunch, Frank Saltglamaohia, Frank Frank, Jno. Heath, C. E.
Riorden, James Hannon, Austin Beatty, Sam'l Townsend, Edward Moran, Edward Lee,
Thomas Heath.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
113
or botli. A few who came to nurse died, leaving full trunks of silverware,
hijoutei-e, bric-adjrac, and clothes, to prove how industriously they could ply
two trades, and make one cover up and make up for the deficiencies (if the
other. A few, also, of them made themselves notorious for lewdness and
drunkenness. To these many deaths are due. Tliey shocked decency and out-
raged humanity. They were no better than the beasts of the field. Male and
iemale, they herded together in vileness. They made of the epidemic a caiiii-
val. It was the one opportunity they had been looking for above all others.
But the worst of them were cut short in their career ; only one or two escaped.
Many were sent whence they came ; many others, a majority of them, died.
They were taken in the midst of their transgressions. One of these, a woman,
who could not, or would not, control her appetite for strong drink, while stupefied
from wine and brandy, allowed a poor woman to leave her bed, naked as when
born, and wander out into the country on an inclement night, calling as she went,
for the husband who had preceded her to the grave by a few days. Two others,
men, were found helplessly drunk, lying half-naked upon the fioor, beside the
dead body of the patient, whom the atteniling physicians said ought to have recov-
ered. In the house of an ex-judge, wlience a whole family had been borne to the
grave, the victims of neglect, four such nurses died, and in the two trunks cf one —
and the worst of them, a woman of seeming refinement — there was found the fam-
ily plate and wearing apparel of tlie judge's wife, then absent in Ohio. This woman
and her paramours fell victims to the fever which they invited by their debauch-
ery, and hastened by their excesses. In the whole range of human depravity
there are few parallels to these cases. The}^ illustrate the extremes of degrada-
tion ; they sounded the lowest depths of vice, and shamed even the low-
standards of savage life. At a time when the hearts of nearly all were filled
with sorrow and Aveighed with care, a few like these indulged in orgies thi'.t
were an extreme contrast to the pr,;valent solemnity and sadness; they ga\e
way to the vilest and most brutal of human weaknesses, and surrendered tliem-
selves to a shanielessness that at any time would horrify decency. It was delib-
erate lechery. There was nothing in the surroundings, or in the life, which was
hurried forward with such rapidity to death, to prompt or encourage lewdness;
on the contrary, there was every thing to forbid and repel it. Those, therefore,
Avhogave themselves to it, did so in obedience to a propensity deliberately nursed,
any, the faintest, expression of which makes one shudder, even at this distance
of time, to contemplate. Out of these cases of excess grew a statement of whole-
sale rape of white women by negro male nurses. No charge ever made was so
baseless, so wanton, so cruel, so unjust. This class of the population, whatever
they may have been to each otlier — and not a few of them were inexcusaljly neg-
lectful, and even brutally indifierent to each other's wants and Avoes — were defer-
ential and respectful to the white race, and as soldiers, policemen, and nurses were
earnest, honest, and devoted.* Not even one of them attempted a crime that
■'The following list of colored soldiers, who died during the epidemic, attests their
devotion and their courage: McClellmul Guards — Peek, sergeant; Cobb, sergeant; Ilarris,
jirivate; Lane, private; Crntcher, private; Carey, private. Zouave Guards — W. X.
Hanson, lieutenant; A. "VV. Brown, private; Tom Lewis, private.
114
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOAV FEVER,
would have courted and been punished by instant and merited death. Idle
many of them were, and shiftless and thriftless, as is to be expected of those
who are in the A, B, C of civilization ; but they were neither cruel nor
criminal in this direction. The only case of the kind that was reported, was
that of a young white man, who was arrested charged with outraging the
person of a woman who, herself, bad called him to nurse her. Investigation,
extending over many mouths, proves this to have been baseless, and that the
woman invited the exhibit of dejiravity on which the charge was based.* A
contrast to this debauchery was furnished by a few" of those whom society
deliberately abandons to a shameless life. One unfortunate " woman of the
town " — a phrase that only too well tells her trade — gave up her house to be
used as a hospital ; and herself, until she fell in the act, nursed the sick, and
closed the eyes and covered the faces of the dead. Others, doomed like her
to become a curse instead of a blessing to humanity, followed her example.
One such came from a great city of the West, disguised as a widow, and
faltlifully and assiduously continued to do her duty, running the gauntlet of
death every houi- ; even after all, like her, were <lenounced in her jjresence as
irreclaimable, and abandoned of God, by an earnest Christian Avoman, whom
she nursed to convalescence. The physicians were greatly aided by hun-
dreds of faithful and competent nurses — men and women of experience.
These are indispensable to recovery. AVhere they Avere not to be liad, and
patients recovered, it was regarded as little less than miraculous. But not all
of the deaths were attributable to ignorant or badly-disposed nurses. The
patients themselves, many of them, were solely resjwnsible ; some died of
fright ; not a few died after but a few hours in bed — what is known as walk-
ing cases — victims of their stubbornness in refusing to yield to treatment.
More than three hundred died in the convalescent stage — one from the simple
exertion of writing a note, another from changing his position in bed, another
from reading newspapers, another from reading lettei'S, another from drinking
tea and eating toast ; and others, not a few, from sexual excesses, which were
sure to end in death. One man, whose convalescence seemed certain, dropped
dead only a few steps from the saloon where, a moment before, he had indulged
himself in a glass of beer. A treacherous disease, the yellow fever usually
leaves its victims in that condition where the spirit is Avilling but the flesh is
weak. In vain doctors advised and the press plead. Deceived by the clearness
of their mental vision, convalescents, to the last, continued to take counsel of
their fancied strength, and threw awaj^ their lives. The horrors of the fever
were thus increased, and the despair of the living was made more desperate.
But there were not Avanting some cases of another character: a few Avho wore
afflicted with chronic complaints found themselves completely restored to all
The young man referred to was found by a woman nurse helplessly drunk, lying
across the body of the dying woman, who was naked and exposed. The nurse, wlio de-
clared to thus finding him, was, on the trial, proven to be herself in love with him, and
tliat her jealousy of the poor creat^l^e, whose weakness for him had induced her to call
for him to nurse her, impelled her to make a charge that was groundless. A few hours
after the arrest of the young man, his alleged victim died, a typical case of yellow fever.
A HIHTOEY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
llo
their faculties by attacks of the fever. One sucli case was that of a little girl
approaching her twelfth year, who had, three years before, lo.-t both hearir.g
and speech; she was paralyzed also on one side, and was afflicted with ,-<,me-
thiug akin to St. Vitus' dance on the other; thus, more dead than alive, a
burden to all about her, she was attacked by the fever, a long siege of wiiicii
she not only withstood, but emerged from completely restored. Her hearing
and speech came hack to her, the paralysis disappeared, and with it its
opposite, the. excessive nervous affliction; her nerves were completely restored
to their normal condition, and she is to-day mistress of all her powers of mind
and body, as fresh and vigorous as if they had never been impaired. Thus
while some were crippled for life, all their functions partially or wholly
suspended, others were restored to powers, the exercise of which they indulged
in at first as if not sure of them, as if they could not trust their suddenly
acquired sense of them. But these blessed results v.ere so few as to be a
special wonder, bordering on the miraculous.
III.
On the 14th of September, the day of the heaviest mortality, many buoyant
natures succumbed. They looked about them for convalescents, but they
were not to be found ; a few were reported, but they seemed nearly all of
them to have been permanently disabled. The cry for food, for clothing, for
money, for doctors, for as many as a thousand coffins, went out by telegraph
to the ends of the earth, and a prompt and generous response came back. By
telegraph, by express, through the banks, by private hands, money was for-
warded by hundreds, l)y thousands of dollars — New York City alone sending
altogether 143,800. Long trains of railroad cai-s were loaded with provisions
and clothing, and medical supplies were sent in plethoric abundance, accom-
panied always with a heartfelt sympathy, and often by advice and by theories
of treatment, earnest, but generally ill-advised. One train came almost
altogether loaded with coffins. The people of the North were especially
urgent; it seemed as if they could not do enough. "We send," they said,
"what we can; but you, who know wdiat you need, must ask — 'Ask, and ye
shall receive.'" The Republic, to its remotest confines, was moved, as if by
a divine impulse. The leading artists of the lyric, as well as the dramatic
stage, were especially conspicuous in good gifts, in generous contributions.
Personally, they gave freely, and, with the aid of their brothers and sisters
less gifted, gaye benefits that netted large amounts. No class surpassed
them in the expression of a pi-ofound sympathy, or in the eflorts they made
to mitigate, as hr as possible, the results of the dreadful visitation. The
miner in the Nevada hills, the ranchero in far California, and the farmer in
distant Oregon vied, in dispensing a charitv equal to the growing exigencies
of the time, with the people of the older States of the East, where organiza-
116
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
tions in every city and village Mere eagerly engaged in the good Samaritan'
work. This contagion of kindness passed beyond the limits of our own
country, and France paused amidst the festivities of her International Exhi-
bition to expnss her sympathies and send her share of succor. England,
t;)o, and Germany, were early in the field; and from India and Australia,
as from South America, contributions poured in upon a people who
have vainly tried to express their gratitude for it all. Hundreds of
men and women volunteered as nurses, who were destined to a speedy
death. They poured in from all the States. Those from the South
Atlantic and Gulf coast cities were especially welcomed on account of their
experience, ami because tliey had had the fever, or Avere acclimated by
long residence in cities or sections of the country that had bsen frequently
visited by it. They were to a certain extent 2:)roof against it. Northern and
Western men and women, on the contrary, had hardly begun work ere they
fell victims to it. They went down so fast that the medical director of the
Howard Association, Dr. Mitchell, felt called upon to admonish them as they
ari-ived of their liability, and give them the option of returning to their homes.
In but few instances they refused to go back. They came, and they would
remain to nurse. So long as they could, they did so patiently and assidu-
ously. A. long line of graves in Elmwood Cemetery tells the story of their
fidelity to a mission that was one purely of mercy and loving-kindness; to
which they brought great powers of endurance, a much needed discretion, and
the couragB'of the veteran of many wars; some of them a previous prepara-
tion in the best hospitals of the country. Moved to the work by a feeling the
most profound that can stir the human heart, they began where their dead com-
rades left off, eventually, and in a few hours sometimes, to foil on the spot hal-
lowed by their martyrdom. Like the advancing column of a forlorn hope, on
which the fate of empires hang, they pressed forward in the face of a foe whose
mysteries have never yet been fathomed. The sense of danger was dumb ;
the sense of duty was eloquent. If they had moments when the step faltered,
the hand became unsteady and the heart Avavered, it was never known but to
themselves. Theirs Avas a work of love, to Avhich they grew the more the
demands of the unfortunate pressed upon them. They lived to sa\'e life, and
died in an heroic effort to conquer death. They fought nobly against dreadful
odds. Out of a population of not more than 20,000, they lost 5,150, 1 in 4 of
the whole number, or 70 per cent, of the Avhite people who remained in the city.*
By comparison Avith the statistics of other campaigns Avith this fever, these,
"•■The medical estimate puts the total population, dni-ing tlie eiiidemic, at 19,600, :ind
tlie total sick at 17,600, the deaths, as stated, being 5,150, a little less tlian one-third.
Members of the Howard Visiting Corps, who have resided in the city many years,
and know it well, and whose bnsiiicss, during the cjjidcmie, it was to visit every ward,
every day, say that at no time was there more than 20,000 persons in the city, if so many,
and tliat of tlieso fully 14,000 were negroes, leaving only 6,000 white people. Of the
14,000 negroes, 946 died of the fever, and of the 6,000 whites 4,204 died, being 70 per |
c?nt. of tlie whole nnmhrr. N'lt mure than 200 white pe()i)le escaped the fever, and most
of these had been victims of it in previous epidemics.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
117
though significant of the havoc it made, were not so discouraging as annihila-
tion.* So long as all were not sick or dead there was some hope. Building- on
this hope, inspired by narrow escapes, they continued to the last, growing fewer
in numbers every day, so that only a squad of a once division could answei- to the
roll-call on the day of discharge. The doctors fared no better than the nurses.
Deatli revenged himself upon them. Less exposed to the 2>oi*on than the
nurses — who were confined for days to the same rooms as their j^atients — and
with S0U13 advantage of exercisa in the open air, riding or walking, it was hoped
they woidd escape in niimbers sufficient to justify the hazards they took. It did
not prove so. Their pioportion of sick and dead was quite equal to the general
average.t The physician could not heal himself Some of them, as some
■3:- N„jj,,]y jjyjj (i^jj,^ j„ jn-,,py,-tion — worse wlicn the greater number i<. considered —
is the havoc of siiiall-pox, fever, and dysentery (and some think the black [ilagiic) in
Brazib Of this a New York Herald correspondent wiites that paper as follows: " The
whole number of re<T;istered deatlis in November for the two cemeteries of San .Jnan Eap-
tista and Lagoa-funda was 11,075. Of these 9,270 were small-pox cases. But I think we
must add to this at least one thousand buried, as I have saiti, in the woods, or sunk in the
sea. At this time there were 30,000 sick — more than a third of tlie population. Still
the death-rate increased. On December 10,808 small-pox dead were buried in (he ceme-
tery of Lagoa-funda, at least 75 in San .Juan, and probably 150 in the woods and the
sea — a total death record of over 1,000 in a single day — and tliis out of a population
(now reduced) of only 75,000. The great plague at London reached this death-rate, but
that was from a population of 300,000. After this the mortuary rate decreased, but only
because tlie disease had nothing more to feed on. A certain per centage of a community
are exempt from small-pox. A few, no doubt, were saved Ijy vaccination. By the end
of the year the death-rate had gone down to 200 per day. The entire numberof deaths
for the iiiontli was not far from 21,000. In all great epidemics, it is said, the people
become indifferent to their danger. In Fortaleza this indifference was sufficiently aston-
ishing. When I reached the place, on the 20th of December, the death rate was 400 per
day; but business was going on much as usual, and hardly any body had been driven out
of the city by the danger. . . I onh' know what has been — a province utterly
ruined ; a population of 900,000 reduced to 400,000, and those dying at an enormous rate.
Probably there have been 300,000 deaths in the other <lrought-stricken provinces of
which I have few notices. There is nothing in liistory that will cumpare with it. God
grant that there never may be again !"
tThe following is a complete list of the physicians who died:
Resident Physicians. Volunteer Physicians.
Avent, Dr. V. W. Bond, Dr. T. W.. Brownsville, Tenn.
Annstrone, Dr. A. .1. Bankson, Dr. J. S. Stevenson, Ala.
Bcecher, Dr. P. D. Bartholomew, Dr. O. D., Nashville, Tenn.
ClarUe, Dr. S. 1!. Burchani, Dr. R., Columbus, Ohio.
Dawson, Dr. S. R. Chevis, Dr. L. A., Savannah, Ga.
Dickerson, Dr. P. M. Easlev, Dr. E. T., Litlle Eock.
Erskine, Dr. .John H. Force, Dr. F. II., Hot Sprinns, Ark.
Hodges, Dr. W. R. Forbes, Dr. J. G., Round Rock, Texas.
Hoiison, Di-. H. II. Fort, R. B., Howard.
Ingalls, Dr. Gorrell, Dr. .1. O. G.. Ft. Wavne, Ind.
Lowrv. Dr. W. R Harlan, Dr. L. B., Hot Springs, Arlc.
Otey, Dr. Paul H. Hicks, Dr, .John B., Mui freeshoro, Tenn.
Rogei-s, Dr. ,J. M. Headv, Dr. Sherman, Texas.
Robbins, Dr. W. H. Keating, Dr. M. T., New York.
Rogers, Dr. John C. Kim, Dr. N.
AVatson, Dr. P. K. McKim, Dr. .T. W., St. Loui.s.
Wood ward^ I)r. J, W. IVlcOres^or, X)r. T, H., Tipton Co., Tenn.
118
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW PEVEE.
nurses, proved unmanageable as patients. Even " with their eyes open " to the
extreme dangers that resulted from fatigue, they rushed on to destruction. One
of them, a volunteer from abroad, is recalled as a type of nearly all the rest.
He was a man in middle life, small of stature, with a healthy mind and a
healthy body, a trained thinker, and with some pretensions as a philosopher.
His experience with yellow fever was as extensive as that of any of his brothers ou
duty. He had walked the wards of the charity hospital of New Orleans with
the elder Stone, who, long before he died, had compassed and had lectured on
all that is to-day known of yellow fever. He was proud of his profession, and
practiced it skillfully, and with all the assurance of an adept. Broad and
liberal in his views, he did not disdain the practice or experience of others in or
out of the profession. He was anxious to save life, and counted his conva-
lescents with an almost unspeakable joy. He visited every patient three times
each day and carefully noted the changes from the first diagnosis. He went into
the sick-room with an air that re-assiu"ed the sufferers, and gave ho|5e and
imparted courage to desponding friends. He was diligent and earnest, and
drawing from a rich store of experiences in the old as in the new world, made
for himself a place in the hearts of all who have survived him. He went delib-
erately to his death. So, too, did the priests of the Roman Catholic Church.
The fever has always been to them singularly fatal. Only two escaped. This
doctor was called to see one, the last of eleven — a man whose excessive nervous
constitution foi-bade even the faintest hope of his recovery. He determined to save
him. He did so at the cost of his own life. For 65 hours he remained by the
bedside of this priest. When he emerged from the sick-room he was ex-
hausted. His clothes stained with black vomit, his blood was poisoned beyond
the power of any neutralizer. He was taken with the fever in a day or two,
and after a few hours of " life in death," passed away, a " type of his Order."
Another case, a type of the home physician, is recalled. He was a man of
large mold. Physically he was perfect. Very tall, veiy stout, he was the pict-
ure of health. His handsome face was lighted by a perpetual smile. Good
nature, good heart, and a cheerful soul were the convictions his manner carried
to eveiy beholder. He was a manly man. He had been a soldier, and he
bore about him the evidences of gallant service. Nervous and eager, devoted
and anxious, he went down to his grave the victim of overwork. He was an
inspiration to his friends, an example of constancy, steadiness, unflinching
courage, and unflagging zeal. To the sick-room he brought all these quali-
ties, supplemented by an unusual experience, an inexhaustible stock of knowl-
edge, and a sympathy as deep as the sad occasion. Tender as a woman, his
heart ached at the recital of miseries he could not cure. Besides his duties as
health officer, John Erskine was earnest in his attentions to patients, .whose
demands were incessant. For days before he succumbed, observant friends
Menes, Dr. T. W., Nashville.
Montgomery, Dr. E. B., Chattaiiooj^a.
Meade, Dr. W. C, Hopkinsville, Ky.
Nelson, Dr., St. Louis.
Nugent, Dr. P. C, St. Louis.
Pierce, Dr. Hiram M., Cincinnati.
Eenner, Dr. J. G., Indianapolis.
Smith, Dr., druggist, Shreveport.
Tuerk. Dr. P., Cincinnati.
Tate, Dr. R H., Cincinnati.
Williams, Dr. E. B., Woodburn, Ky.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEK.
119
felt that lie must fall. He had tasked his powers far beyond eiKluraiice. His
heart was, to the last, keenly sensitive to the sorrow about him. The mitigation
of it was his anxiety. He chided himself because he could not do more for
the people who loved him, and by whom he will ever be remembered ; and, to
the last, was questioning himself for a remedy for a disease that has so ofte n
conquered the aldest of a noble profession. No better man ever laid down
his life in the cause of humanity. Old and young men vied with each other,
and enthusiastically, not only in the infirmaries, in the hotels, and in houses of
comfort and ease, but in the cabins of the negro, the absurd architecture and
grotesque interiors of which were the comic settings of a deep an<l awful trag-
edy. Every call was obeyed, no matter when it came, or from whom. They
made the most of time, and distributed their skill among as many as they
could. While thus employed, every energy strained, they did not forget the
cause of science. Observations were made and treasured, and nearly three hun-
dred autopsies, at a greatly increased risk to health and life. They met every
night to compare views and report results. These meetings were the light and
life of each d;iy. There they refreshed themselves in social intercourse, and
gathered fresh hops for a struggle that seemed endless. Each day brought
the same duties and similar experiences. Only one change was noticeable — the
decrease of their numbers. And so it went on to the end.
I V.
The same earnestness and devotion characterized the priests, preachers, and
nuns who committed themselves to good offices as ghostly counselors, and to
all the tender solicitudes as nurses. As has already been said, the Roman
Catholic priesthood suffered most severely.* Only two of the resident clergy
escaped. One of the~e. Father Kelly, had survived an attack in 1873 ; the
other, Luisolli, whose life was at one time despaired of, was preserved by the
almost superhuman exertions of his physician. They were tireless in the ad-
ministration of their sacred offices. They obeyed every call. These came every
hour, accompanied by urgent appeals from the relatives of the dying, who stood
appalled at the suddenness of dissolution. Absolution is, by all the members
of the most ancient of the Christian sects, considered a prerequisite to an
assurance of final happiness— hence the pleading demands upon the priests,
who, in every instance, were found worthy of the sacred trust committed
* The following is a complete list of the Eoman Catholic clergy who died: Rev.
Martin Walsh, Pastor St. Bridget's Church, born in Ireland, 40 yiiars of age ; Rev. M.
Meagher, Assistant Pastor, Tipperary County, Ireland; Rev. Father Asinus, Assistant
Pastor, Germany, age unknown ; Father Maternus, St. Mary's Church ; Rev. J. R. Me-
Garvey, a volunteer from Harrodsburg, Ky., aged 32 ; Rev. J. A. Bokel, from Balti-
more, Md., aged 27 ; Rev. Van Troostenberg, from Kentucky, hut originally from Bel-
gium, aged 3.1 ; Rev. .1. P. Scannell, a volunteer from Louisville, Ky., aged 27; the
Very Rev. M. Riordan, Pastor, born in Ireland, aged 35 ; Father Marley.
120
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEE.
to them. Every visit made by them was a step toward death — yet they weiit
on. Every prayer for souls pluming for flight brought them nearer to the heav-
enly shores to which they sent confessing sinners. Overworked, their energies
taxed beyond all that men under ordinary circumstances can endure, they fell
easy victims to the disease, tlie poison of which they inhaled, in strongest infu-
sion, with every act of shriving. In vain the best physicians were taxed for
skillful treatment ; in vain the best nurses watched every hour and every mo-
ment, every change. There was found no medicine in the whole range of the
world's experience that could bring back health and life — they died as certainly
as they were taken with the disease. So did the sisters of the Church, the
nuQS, who, as one, fell in the sacred work, were quick to volunteer, so that
their saintly habit might not altogether pass away from the eyes of a world
which had closed on so many forever. Their days and nights were devoted to
the sick and dying. Their schools closed, there was nothing to distract them
from what they loved as the most ennobling of duties. If they were to die
(as they did, in numbers sufficient to give rise to the belief that they were
specially marked by the destroyer), they w^ould make their election sure. They
were incessant in their visitations and attentions. They had no rest, no time for
recuperation. Unlike the ordinary nurses, they never suspended to re-vitalize
their wasted energies, ^yhat sleep they could get at brief intervals in the exer-
cise of an occupation that more than ever required a sleepless vigilance, they con-
sidered a heaven-sent relief This was not enough. Tired nature, wanting
the sweet restorer, broke under the strain. They went down before the reaper
like ripened grain. Theirs were not long to be beds of j^ain and anguish. A
few hours of consuming fever, the pulse in the nineties, and the temperature as
high as 1063°, and death came mercifully to their release. Life ended, their
tasks were done. But their mission was not completed. Other feet were al-
ready treading in the same path ; other sweet and saintly lives were solemnly
pledged to the same heroic sacrifice. The endless chain of events so sad as to
shock the world beyond and summon from the remotest parts of the earth a
benevolence that illumined the time with the blessed light of an abounding
charity and hearty sympathy, still demanded that these brides of Christ should
endure a long agony and literally bloody sweat before translation. They came
and went willing sacrifices. No murmur escaped lips that had been sealed,
save in prayer. Serenely, as to some feast, they went, bearing with them al-
ways the aroma of lives made precious by self-denial, and flooding the sick
chamber with the glory of hearts wholly given to God.-'-
All members of the Christian Church are alike in their aspirations. They are
inspired by the same hopes and restrained by the same fears. Tiiey pray, if not in
the same language, in the same sjjirit. With or without ritual, w^ith or without
ceremony, they call- upon the same name and build upon the same basis of faith.
* The following are the names of those who died : Alphonso, Mother, aged 34 years ;
Rose, Sister, aged 30 years ; Josepha, Sister, aged 44 years ; Bernardine, Sister Mary,
aged 40 years ; Dolor a. Sister Mary, aged 24 years ; Veronica, Sister Mary, aged 19 years ;
Wilhelminn, Sister, aged 30 years ; Vincent, Sister, aged 22 years ; Stanislaus, Sister,
aged 21 years ; Gertrude, Sister, aged 28 years ; Winkelman, Sister, St. Louis.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEl;.
121
To the sick, ministers or priests spealv of heaven, urge repentance and preparation
for death, and give absolution in the name of Him by whose comniissicm they
officiate, or repeat his assurances of pardon and eternal ])eace. Confronting
the inevitable, doctrine and dogma almost ^^ holly disappear. The terms of
forgiveness and restoration to the Father's love arc the same with all. What
difference there is, to the sick does not appear. They have thnir thoucrhts
fixed upon the end, and their vision is strained to see bevoud. The Protestant
pastors visit all who are distressed in mind, body, or estate, veiy much to the
same purpose as their Roman Catholic bretlu'cn. They desire to lead souls to
the solemn contemplation of deatli, and all that it involves, and smooth the
way, so doubtful and so dark even to the lie.-t, with the assuiance of Him who,
in the agonies of dissolution, pi-ayed to the Fathej-, " If it be thy will, let this
cup pass." Honest, earnest men, convinced of the truths they pre:;ch, thev
take w'ith them on their mission of mercy not only hojie for the dving, but
compassion for the living, whom death most distresses. During the epidemic
the demands upon them were in proportion to the "new cases" that every
day developed. Men of family, they found themselves besieged at home, their
hearts hedged round about with a profound anxiety for those whom nature as-
serted had first claims upon them. iSharing their faith, believing in their mis-
sion, their wives, no less courageous, sustained them and upheld their hands.*
But even thus fortified, they could not wholly dismiss the a])prehensions of a
situation horrible in the extreme. Tiiey, nevertheless, were true to their obli-
gations. But few in number (a majority of their brethren having fled at the
breaking out of the epidemic), they were in constant demand. A German,
Rev. Mr. Thomas, was the first to die. He had been a diligent, faithful, ear-
nest minister, a pastor to his people. Another of them, a Presbyterian, Rev.
Dr. Daniels, fell early in the action, and did not regain his strength until (he
scourge had disappeared. Indeed, he has not regained it yet. Another, a Meth-
odist, Rev. Dr. Slater, whose heart beat in unison with all who needed his coun-
sel and advice, and who was universally beloved fin- an abounding charity and
most amiable disposition, was borne to his grave after a few days' sickness,
mourned by all in the city — still lamented by his people. Still another, a
Baptist, Rev. Dr. Landrum, who differed widely from the preceding in, at
least, what he considered one essential, after toilsome weeks, during which he
officiated as a member of the Relief Committee, besides attending to pastoral
calls, was ari-ested in his noble career, and, while in the throes of a sorrow be-
yond words to express — for the loss of sons whose j)romise was brighter than
young men now often give— to the dismay of the then little band of heroes,
was seized by the fever, and, with liis wife — taken about the same time— made a
* The following are the names of those who died — men whose names are embalmed
in the hearts of the people of Memphis as those of martyrs, as worthy of canonization
as any on the long roll of mother church : Eev. Mr. Parsons, P. E. Chnrch ; Rev. Mr.
Schuyler, P. E. Chnrch ; Eev. Mr. Thomas, German Eefcrmed Church ; Eev. Mr. Moody;
Eev. A. F. Railey (col.) ; Rev. E. C. Slater, Methodist ; Eev. David R. S. Roscbrough,
Methodist; Eev. P. T. Scruggs, Methodist; Eev. S. C. Arnold, wife and five children
died ; Eev. Victor Bath.
122
A HISTORY OP THE YELLOW FEVER.
narrow escape. Yet another, a Presbyterian, Rev. Dr. Boggs, who was a worker
with the Howards, and who had made the care of the orphans a special charge,
and devoted himself to it in addition to his parish labors, fell when the force
of the epidemic had expended itself, and, with his wife, too, survives, revered
by men of every name. The Episcopal ministers were also severely tried. All
who were residents when the fever broke out were attacked, and one died — Rev.
C. C. Parsons. The circumstances of his life made his death felt as much,
perhaps more than any "that had preceded it. He had been an officer of great
promise in the United States Army, and during the civil war had achieved
distinction for discretion, skill, and bravery. After the war he continued in
the service, for which he had been educated at the national military school, and
rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel. His future was assured and held out
to him a brilliant promise; but he voluntarily surrendered all to enter the
ministry. Called to Memphis in 1875, he was not long in making for himself
a place in the hearts of others than the people of his own faith. . In manners
he was gentle and unaffected. In his intercourse with his fellow-citizens these
qualities, supported by his reputation as a brave soldier and his apparent cul-
ture, won upon them, so that his circle widened. His opportunities for good
were thus unusual. The hopes formed of him were not disappointed. As a
priest lie was faithful, anxious, and earnest. When the epidemic was an-*
iiouneed, he prepared for it as for a battle, and, as on a battle field soldiers love
to fall, he fell at his post doing his duty. His place was taken by a brave
young volunteer from tiie North, Rev. Mr. Schuyler, who entered gladly on
his work, but who, in eight days after his arrival, was carried to his grave.
Another volunteer, from Shreveport, Louisiana, Rev. Dr. Dalzell, who served
as physician as w"ell as priest, escaped, and fills to-day the place of the noble
soldier-priest who died. Two of his brother clergy recovered — Rev. Dr. George
White and Rev. Dr. George Harris — the former a venerable man, who has
seen as many years in the ministry as most men live, survived his young-
est son over whose remains he read the beautiful service which his church
has appointed for the dead, he and his wife alone forming the funeral party.
Few incidents, at a time when heart-breaking incidents abounded, so affected
the public as this. It touched every heart and called out a sympathy of which
the aged priest is the center to this day. The Sisters of St. Mary's (Episcopal),
like those of the Roman Catholic Church, were active in works of mercy and
benevolence. The mortality among them was sudden and severe,* an attesta-
tion of their devotion and of the malignity of the scourge they so hei'oically
encountered. It would be impossible to speak in too high terms of laudation
of these women. Educated and cultivated, they had dedicated themselves to
a work much more agreeable and more in consonance with their tastes and
tiieir refinement and delicacy. They had made no provision for an emergency
so dreadful, yet when it was announced they did not hesitate as to their duty.
Some of their number were in the East, enjoying a brief vacation of repose
*0f fjeven who, from first to last, were engaged in the work, Sisters Constance, Thecla,
Frances, and Kuth died.
A HISTORY OF THE YEI>I,0\V FKVKR.
123
upon the banks of the Hudson, tlie most beautiful of our i-ivers, when the
fearful tidings of "yellow fever hi Memphis" was flashed along the telegraph
wires. They at once abandoned the comfort and ease of a delightful religious
retreat, and, against the earnest entreaties of friends, made their way, as rap-
idly as steam could carry them, to the stricken city. They found work await-
ing them. Their school building and convent was soon embraced in what, at
the first of the epidemic, was known as the "infected district;" and several min-
isters as well as sisters wei'e among the long list of the sick. In a few weeks
many of them had gone over to the mnjority; and when the e])ideniic Mas de-
clared at an end, it was found that they had suffered more and sustained heavier
losses than any other of the relief organizations in the city, save the Roman
Catholic priesthood and sisterhood. But they had won for their order an im-
perishable renown. They had proven that heroism and Christ-like self-denial
are not the virtues of a particular sect. They had set an example worthy the
sistei'hood of apostolic times, and had silenced those of their creed whose Prot-
estantism blinded them to the possibilities of an order whose vows are volun-
tary, and to be revoked at will. They had illumined the historj' of their sex,
so rich in charity, by a religious zeal, softened and temjiered by a sweet com-
passion ; by unflinchingly encountering all that is terrible in one of the most
loathsome of diseases ; by braving death with the resignation of martyrs ; by
the outpouring of a sympathy as profound as the general sorrow, and by a
pathos which could alone have its source in the faith of Him who has been
painted for us — "A man of sorrows, acquainted with grief."*
*" The Nashville American, in an article published while the epidemic was yet at its
height, said of these devout and devoted women: "The Episcopal Church in Menipliis
has a large and flourishing school for girls and an orphanage, in charge of the Sister-
hood of St. Mary. The bishop of the diocese (Rt. Rev. C. T. Qnintard) began the work
.some eight years ago, and, in 1873, the ladies of the Sisterhood opened their f chool in
the Episcopal residence, immediately after the epidemic of that year. Their faithful
and devoted labors, during the yellow fever of 187.3, had won them hosts of friends, and
when the school was opened its patronage was abundant. "When the epidemic of this
summer began, the Sister Superior was absent, with Thecla, enjoying a much-needed rest,
but at once returned on being informed that the fever Jiad made its appearance in the
city. Faithfully, constantly, unflinchingly, and with holy zeal, these faitliful women
administered to the sick and dying until they were themselves stricken down. Of six
of the Sisters who were prostrated, four laid down their lives and wore the martyr's
crown. Three additional Sisters from New York took up the work, but of the original
Sisterhood only one remains. They have indeed (jlorijied the cause for which they died.
In a letter written the day before he himself was stricken by the fever. Rev. Charles Car-
roll Parsons wrote: 'The Sisters are doing a wonderful work. It is surprising to sec
how much these quiet, brave, unshrinking daughters of divine love can accomplish in
efforts and results.' The following tribute has been forwarded to Bishop Quiutard by
the Bureau of Relief of Hartford, Connecticut ;
" ' IN ME^rORIAM.
"' Having been brought into very pleasant relations with Sister Constance, Sister Su-
perifir of the Sisterhood of St. Mary, at Memphis, the ladies of the Bureau of Relief
mourn her death. I desire to testify their deep sense of the loss which they and the
whole church have sustained. Her noble labors among the |)oor and orpliancd and
in the schools, before the fatal pestilence of this suuir.ier l)r<)ke out, are such as we
124
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
V.
The ministers and sisters of all the Christian sects were alike conspicuous for
their zeal and fidelity. The absence of a few of the pastors, who fled at the out-
break of the fever, was all the more remarked upon. Indeed, no discordant inci-
dent of the epidemic gave rise to more general indignation or as bitter comment
in the public press. They were denounced in unmeasured terms by the religious
as well as irreligious. A few ill-conditioned zealots, taking advantage of this
state of the public mind, made coiuparisons between the Protestant ministers
and the Catholic priests, which the circumstances did not warrant, with a view
to the injury of the Protestant churches. But this failed. It was admitted that
there could not be a greater contrast; but while this was so, it Avas also true that
most of the Protestant clergy walked in the footsteps of Him whose ministry was
among those who were sick, who were heavy laden and needed rest ; and that only
tlie few had deserted their posts, and made no effort to repair the great wrong
they inflicted upon themselves and the cause they were sworn to serve, above wife,
children, and even life itself. It was claimed by those who most severely cen-
sured them, that, in dread of their lives, they had violated the most sacred
pledges of their calling, and set an example of faithlessness which Christ himself
has denounced. " If any man come to me," he says, " and hate not his father and
mother, and wife and children, and brethren and sisters, 3^ea, and his own life
also, he can not be my discijile." It was also said that they forgot this assui'-
ance of the Master: "He that loveth his life shall lose it, and he that hateth
his life in this world shall keep it unto life eternal." The broken-hearted
may well remember long with gratitude. But her heroic return to her post after the
fever began to rage, in the face of such fearful danger, her unremitting toil for the sick,
the dying, and the dead, amidst horrors which we, af this distance, can but faintly im-
agine, her care for the suffering and bereaved children, ministrations prolonged beyond
her strength, even until stricken with unconsciousness, we feel are beyond the common
words of praise. While we give thanks for the good example of our sister, for her
beautiful life crowned by a martyr's death, we rejoice that her reward is on high, with
the Divine Master, in whose footsteps she has so closely followed. To her — to Sisters
Thecla, Frances, and Ruth, and to all who thus count not their lives dear unto them,
while ministering to their suffering fellow-men in His name, we seem clearly to hear
Him say : " Inasmuch as you have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren,
ye have done it unto me."
"^Resolved, That wo ofF^r this loving tribute in memory of Sister Constance, to her late
associates, to the mother superior of her order, to her pastor, Eev. Dr. Harris, and to
Right Rev. Dr. Quintard, bishop of Tennessee, with our heartfelt sympathy and prayers.
MRS. F. D. HARRI]\IAN, President. '
:MRS. JOHN BROCKLESBY, Vice-Pre.vdent.
MRS. STEPHEN TERRY, Correspond inr/ Secretary.
WRS. SARAH E. DAVIS, Recording Secretary.
"'Hartford, Conn., October 4,1878."'
A HISTORY OF THE YEI.T.OW FEVER.
125
miii'lit be healetl, l)iit it would not be by their aid ; tliey would preach the
gospel, but not to the poor and afflicted. They would bra\'e the condemnation
they had so long hurled from the jndpit, and refuse to visit the sick. They
would neither carry the cup of cold water, nor bear the bread of life to th(ise
wdio were stricken with the fever, and who called in vain I'or iheir ministra-
tions. They could not even faintly imitate the compassion of Christ. They
falsified their own teachings and inflicted an injury on the church that the w ork
of their braver brethren could only in part repair.* The constancy and devo-
tion of these c-trengthened the weak, imparted hope to the despondent, and in-
spired the despairing. They proved their faith by works, not a few of them scal-
ing with their lives the fiith which they thus so heroically illustrated. They
knew that if there is ever a time when religion can bring peace and consolation,
it is when panic, fear, and dread are aiding plague and pestilence in their work
of wholesale destruction. They could not only minister to tiie sick, luit they
could be examples of that fearlessness and unselfishness which Jesus demanded
of his disciples when he bade tliem t.ike no thought of the morrow : to do their
■•'These attacks upon the ministers who sought safety in fliglit were not permitted to
pa.ss unnoticed. Many of tlieir brave and heroic brethren, before they succumbed to the
fever, or after they had recovered from attacks of it, made haste to defend what their
own conduct and sufferings, to the popular mind, made more glaring and less excusable.
They wrote long, and some of them able and manly vindications of a line of conduct
they themselves could not, certainly did not, adopt, and by citations of Scripture, liy
arguments and precedents, sought to disabuse the people of what they deemed a i^reju-
dicc. This they were not able to do. Whether just or unjust, the j)eople everywhere
regard it the duty of ministers, as well as priests, to visit the sick and carry consolation
to the dying ; that it is the most sacred part of their mission to i^repare men and women
for the passage through death to life, and that the greater the dangers and difficulties,
the greater the triumphs for the church here, and for themselves hereafter. The laymen,
who were in the midst of the fever, read these communications to the daily press with
impatience, and insisted that such ministers as those were who remained, aids or helpers,
should be the companions at least, of the Howard Visitor, or Citizens' Belief Committee.
On the other hand, not a few agreed with Eev. C. K. Marshall, of Yicksburg, a gentle-
man whose religious zeal and broad humanitarian views were only equaled by his
courage, earnestness, and efficiency in a life-long experience in yellow fever epidemics.
He said — and the writer knows many influential and intelligent persons, both Catholic
and Protestant, who agree with him — that, " were it not for the doctrine of extreme
unction, deemed so essential by Catholics, the presence of clergymen and Sisters of
Charity in sick-rooms, except as regular nurses, is the last thing I would permit were I
a physician, unless the patient, not his friends, icere to express a desire jor such ministrations. I
fully believe there are not a few lying asleep in the graveyard, whose end was hastened
by the presence of clergymen and others, who, no matter of what denomination, have
felt called upon to rush into sick-rooms to show their sympathy (?) and get the ]iatient
ready to die. Oh! will we never learn any thing higher and better than that? Every-
where this is the case. The ignorance of the dark ages still hangs in gloomy folds about
us. Can five minutes' religious services over a poor fellow covered with blisters, choked
with black vomit, and barely able to tell his nurse what he wants, probably not that,
renovate a moral nature steeped in unbelief and sin for fifty years, Idanch the blackness
of a purely wicked life to snowy whiteness, and fit for angelic associates a man, who, if
he were to recover, would laugh at the idea of wishing religious services at the time his
death was deemed at hand ? "
126
A HISTOnY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
duty and leave the consequences with God. No incident of the epidemic is more to
be regretted than the desertion of their charges by so many of the soldiers of the
cross, mustered into an army pledged to special service in times of distress. It was
not, it was said, so bad, but it was held to be akin to the desertion of wives and
children by husbands and fathers, in whom fear, dread, panic, and personal
safety dominated over love and duty, killing all sense of the sacred obliga-
tions which even the brutal savages sometime fulfill ; and it was all the more
remarkable, and, in view of the cause of religion, all the more to be deplored,
that even outcast women, and men not so good in life or living, were
jeopardizing their lives, and that some of them died in the performance of
those offices which, it is held, are a part of the duty of the pastors and
masters of the Christian Church.
Devotion in life, and heroism even to death, were not alone the products of relig-
ions life, though to Christianity must be given the credit of the humanity and
charity of the age. The societies (of which the city has a large number) were
conspicuous through their relief organizations; and the several nationalities made
provision for their fellow-countrymen. The Free Masons,* the Odd-Fellows, the
Knights of Pythias, Knights of Honor, the Hebrew Hospital Association, the
Typographical, the Telegraphers, and many others, were remarkable for an active
benevolence, a sleepless vigilance, and an intelligently directed energy worthy
of all praise.f The members of the Hebrew Hospital Association were espe-
cially notable for ardor, for steadiness, for single-heartedness, and for un-
stinted charity. They were no respecter of persons. They w^ent from house
to house, asking but one question, "Is aid needed?" They made no distinc-
tion. The lessons of humanity which tliey had learned in the synagogue
they illustrated by a heroism iu nothing less than that which inspired their
Christian fellow-workers. The printers^ and telegraphers were also conspicu-
ous for good works. The nature of their employment exposed them more
than any 6ther class, save the doctors and nurses, to the fever poison, which
* This body, which, like the Odd-Fellows, rests its claims to consideration upon love
and charity, was conspicuous for good works through its members, one of whom, Ex-
Past Grand Master Andrew .J. Wheeler, was a noble examjile of what a Mason should
be under circumstances so extraordinary. He had passed through the preceding epidem-
ics unscathed, and would not be persuaded to abandon what he deemed his post of duty.
He worked faithfully and enei'getically, notwithstanding he seemed to have a premonition
of death. Masonry was his creed, and, according to the testimony of his brethren, he
lived up to it as faithfully as man could. At a lodge of sorrow, held at Nashville, in
January, 1879, and which was attended by the most distinguished Masons of the State,
lie was eulogizsd as a man of mark in an Order more illustrious than any other in the
world, and as one whose memory should be embalmed for all time as that of a Mason
worthy and well qualified for the higher honors of the heavenly Grand Lodge.
t The results of the labors of all these benevolent organizations will be found in the
Appendix, at the close of this volume.
t The names of the printers who died will be found in the Appendix. The names of
telegraphers who died are as follows : M. J. Keyer, Henry Mynatt, H. M. Goewey, E.
W. Gibson, C. R. Langford, J. T. Connelly, Thomas Hood, J. \V. McDonald, Howard
Allen, J. R. Henrick, A. S. Hawkins.
A HISTORY OF THE YKLLOW FEVER.
127
at night, Avlieii they were at work, is lliought to be most deadly. They lell
very last, and died so quick as to seein doomed to auniliihition. Oidy one
of all tliose euiployed by the telegraph company -escaped, and of the pro-
prietoi's, editoivs, con)positors, and pressmen of the daily press, only one
escaped of the Ledger, four of the Avulanche, and two of the Appeal. Their
numbers thus so rapidly decreased, these heroic men continued not only to
fulfill the duties exp?cted of them by u public iuipatient for every fact and
incident of the epidemic, but nursed their sick and buried their dea<l.
Though often wearied to exhaustion, ready to fall for want of strength, they
continued to send messages and print papers, and to succor those who had
claims upon them. Tlieir fidelity, courage, and humanity could not be sur-
passed ; and their love and devotion for one another was as tender and
solicitous as that of a mother for her child. They exhibited, from first to
last, tlie noblest traits, and commanded the respect and admiration of the
world. Something is also to be said for the bankers, who were necessarj^ as
the channels through which the money of the charitable and sympathizing-
people of the world reached those it was intended for. The cashiers of
the finir principal banks were attacked by the fever, Init all fortunately recov-
ered. The paying tellers of two, and the principal book-keeper of one,
succumbed, and were numbered wath the dead. These casualties only nerved
the few whom panic and the fever had left to continue to deserve the commen-
dation and confidence of the puldic. The Southern Express Company and all
of the railroad companies were conspicuous for good deeds. Subjected to severe
losses by the total suspension of business, they made ample provision for their
employes, and continued their operations as conunon carriers, regardless of ex-
penses, running trains, and bearing to the doomed city, free, the contributions
of coffins, food, and clothing, sent from cities often thousands of miles away.
They kept up their full estate of employes, and, with a generosity unparalleled,
surrendered their machinery and all that they had to the public service. The
Southern Express Company was especially con.?picuous in this regard, and, of
cour.se, lost heavily. Its superintendent* and many of his subordinates sickened
and died, and yet its work was continued as if it was merely part of the general
machinery by which the city was governed land the sick and needy were pro-
vided for. There was no nobler exhibit of unselfishness than this of a corpora-
* Major W. A. Willis, superintendent of the Southern Express Comp.iny, was con-
t;])icuou8 as a member of the Citizens' Relief Committee. He was a noble example of
true manhood. A man of fine address, of unsurpassed business qualifications, honest,
earnest, and brave, he enjoyed the confidence of the public, and was looked to as a man
for any emergency. At the most critical period of the epidemic he was entrusted Ijv
(cen. Wright with an important duty, which he entered upon with enthusiasm, perform-
ing it in such a manner as to confirm the prevalent opinion that he was a soldier in tlie
best sense of the term. He died of the fever on Sunday, the 15th of September, and it
is not saying too much, was mourned for by every man in the city. His services in bc-
lialf of the sick and needy can never be forgotten. Discreet in council, he was invalu-
able in the administration of the affairs of the committee which, organized to dispense
lood and clothing to the needy, gradually, as necessity compelled, absorbed all the func-
tions of municipal government, and became the prop and stay of society.
128
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
tion that might have closed its doors without even a suspicion of seeming
neglect. It might have done as the merchants did, and for the same reason ;
indeed it was urged to do so ; but its officers chose to shoulder their shai-e of the
hurden, let the result be what it might. The fatality which a\Vaited them was
appalling, yet their record Avas never dimmed — it was luminons to the last.
They were worthy of the community, whose deplorable condition and intensified
sufferings were the theme of eveiy household in Chrisleudom, exacting the
tears of sinners and faints alike. The steamboat companies were also very gen-
erous; and the Western Union Telegraph Company placed no limit upon the
gratuitous work it did — a work, the value of which is beyond any possi-
ble computation It surrendered its lines in the cause of humanity. The post-
office was also administered by heroes. It was kept open every day, and the
jnails were regularly delivered, though at a very great cost of life. But it was
not quick enough, and, owing to the detention of some mails, was not reliable
enough. The telegraph became, therefore, more than ever, a necessity'. It per-
formed a service the postal department, worked ever so faithfully, could not.
It linked Memphis with the great centers of political, financial, commercial, and
literary activit}', so that the momentary shocks of pain and anguish were felt
simultaneously everywhere, even to the furthest parts of the continent, and ap-
peals for hel]) were heard almost as quick as uttered. Without the telegraph, the
suffering must have been more severe than it was. There was nothing to inter-
vene between it and the most rapid and satisfactory service. Those who were
far removed from the epidemic could not object to its messages, as they did to
the letters by mail, that they were tainted with yellow fever poison. They might
have objected that, like the jiost-master* and his employes, the telegraphers
were dying too fast, and that even so valuable a service was too dearly
bought. But they did not. Dominating all other thoughts there was that
one of interest in the thousands who were victims of the plague, and for
wdiom these gallant men laid down their lives. "Duty" was thus exempli-
* Mr. R. A. Thompson, i>ost-master, was also one of the editors and proprietors of
the Avalanche. To these two positions he gave the closest attention, an attention that
was redoubled as the epidemic increased in violence and his assistants died, as they did
very rapidly. When taken with the disease he was promptly attended to. The city
editor of the Avalanche, Mr. Ilerbert Landrnm, took him to his home, and there he
received all the nursing care that the best intelligence and the most friendly interest
could inspire. He went through the crisis of the disease without much trouble, and was
declared convalescing very nicely. But the second or third morning after he reached
this stage, and contrary to the advice of Dr. Mitchell, who was attending him, he changed
his pillow from the head to the foot of his bed, and changed his position correspondingly,
in order to see better. Thus, as he thought, comfortably fixed, he indulged himself in a
look through the morning papers, and perhaps some letters, partaking at the same time
of some tea and toast. Little as this seems, it cost him his life. In sixteen hours
after he was thus found by his doctor, he died, and in a few days was followed by liis
devoted friend young Landrum. Col. Knowlton, who succeeded him in the manage-
ment of the post-office, also followed him very soon, as did Mr. Catron, the associated
press agent, who assisted Landrum in performing the last sad ofl5.ces of cncoffining his
remains and putting them away forever.
A HISTOKY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
129
fied to Le, as General Lee declared it, the best word in our language.
The railroad companies, later on, when the fever had taken nearly every white
jjcrson in the city — when there was no longer any food for it, and its decline
was so perceptible as to encourage the beneficent organizations in tlic Ijclief
that they could turn their attention to the suffering comnuuiities near by —
crowned all their previous liberality by placing daily ho8])ital trains ;it the dis-
posal of the Howard Assoeiati;)n and Citizens' Relief Committee, on which
were carried nurses, doctors, medical supplies, and food to places but
lately invaded by the decimating disease. The dreadful visitation had
thus its bright side. Humanity and benevolence enlisted the active coopera-
tion of all sorts and conditions of men, and of corporations that, though
suffering severe losses at that season of the year when they should have been
making up for the dullness and deficiency of summer, spared no expense,
counted no cost where a life could be saved and the charity of the world was
to l)e dispensed to a sick and dependent people. Heroism was the rule in all
the walks of life, neglect and desertion the exception. Forbearance, fidelity,
and fortitude were qualities that were illustrated every day, and by persons
widely separated by birth, education, habits, condition, and experience. This
was most apparent .in the beneficent organization known as the (,'itizcns' Relief
Committee, which, with the Howard Association, was looked to by all classes,
not only for help and sustenance, but for protection. An organization better
calculated for the purposes which called it into existence could not have been
devised, nor could one have been more faithfully managed. It is not too
much to say that but for its officers anarchy, confusion, robbery, arson, and
murder would have prevailed to increase the burdens of a period, every hour
of which was freighted with special horrors, and that perhaps the city would
have been destroyed.* A clamorous and hungrj' mob, which did not hesitate
to threaten, and support its threats, with a manifestation of disposition as
cruel as its words, were prevented from carrying these threats into execution
by the prompt and determined orders of the Citizens' Relief Committee, for
•■' Of this organization, but a few meinl)ers survived the epidemic — these were Messrs.
Luke E. Wright, .Jas. S. Prcstidge, C. F. Conn, W. W. Thatcher, D. F. Goodyear (acting
Mayor), J. M. Keating, and D. T. Porter. Charles G. Fisher, so long the President of
it, died of the fever. One of the first among tlie merchants of tlie city, he wonkl not
yiehl to the importunities of his relatives or friends. He helped to organize the asso-
ciation, and he would not desert his self-selected post. He was a tireless worker. Not
content with the performance of the duties devolving upon him as president, he made a
liospital of his residence, and there, while giving to the sick the hours he should have
devoted to sleep and rest, he contracted the fever and died, after but a few days sick-
ness. No more generous, warm-hearted man ever lived than Charles G. Fisher — no
man, of all those who illustrated the best qualities of our race by self-sacrificing devo-
tion to the cause of humanity, stood higher than he with his fellow-soldiers. Calm
amid despair, self-contained and self-poised, he was jirepared for any emergency, and
when the summons came, met it with the resignation of a Christian. Beloved ])y his
lellow-citizens, his death was a staggering blow to the few who survived him, and who
iiad learned to know how strong, how reliable, how earnest, how truthful, honest, and
good he was.
130
A HISTOEY OF THE YELLOAV FEVER,
the suppression of a lawlessness, the dread of which, for a time, weighted
the energies of all Avho were administering public affairs. With the po-
lice and fire departments reduced to a mere handful, it would not have
been difficult for those so inclined to have jjuslied on to the consummation
of the vilest purposes. With four or five thousand vacant houses, aban-
doned by tlieir inmates, or by the death of the servants left to take care
of them, hundreds of them filled with valuable family treasures, enough to
excite the cupidity of the criminals who swarmed the unguarded streets,
on Avhich, sometimes, not a living thiug was to be met with by night
or day, it required more than the earnestness and determination of ordi-
nary times to prevent the excesses so much dreaded by thinking men as
the worst of the results of the epidemic. It was estimated, at one time, that
not less than two hundred tramps and thieves invaded the stricken city,
coming from no one could tell where, ultimately going no one could tell
whither. They stole the badges of the nurses, and, representing themselves as
Howard employes, gained entrance to homes where the fever had paralzyed
all it had not killed. It was the operations of these vagabonds, under such
circumstances, that first excited inquiry, and finally their expulsion. In a
few days, owing to the measures for protection set on foot by the Citizens'
Relief Committee, tliey disappeared, and with them went all fears for the
safety of life or property. The police were instructed to arrest all persons,
after nine o'clock at night, who could not give a satisfactory account of them-
selves— all who were not emplo3^ed as nurses or doctors, or who were not employed
by the telegraph company, or in the several newspaper offices. Two negro
military companies were encamped opposite court-square ; a train Avas held in
readiness to bring in the BluflT City Gray?,* then doing duty at Camp Joe
Williams; and the Chickasaw Guards were recalled to Grand Junction, where
they remained until the possible necessity for their aid had passed away. A
company of one hundred and five citizens, at Raleigh, in the vicinity of the
city, volunteered for service, and a like company in the southern part of
the county, near the Mississippi line. An illustration of the -apprehension
then existing, furnished by the experience of Captain Mathes, editor of the
Ledger, will satisfy skeptics, if any there be, that the information on which
these preparations were based was not groundless. This gentleman had
had the fever — a violent, and, for a time, it was feared, fatal attack of it —
and was convalescing slowly; he had been, additionally, cursed by several
sets of nurses, whose depth of depravity was only in part expressed by the
robbery of his stable, his wife's wardrobe as well as his own, and the
"cleaning out" of his well-stocked larder. Anxiety for him, as well as the
condition in which she found herself — exposed to the vilest associations in the
sick-room — prostrated his wife, and made her an easy prey for the fever, which
she bravely fought, however, until her husband was out of danger. So soon
"■This company, under the command of Captain Jolin Cameron, who was also a vahi-
able aid of the Relief Committee, lost the following- named members by the fever : Harvey,
lieutenant; Ferguson, corporal; "Wheatlcy, corporal; Goodwin, private; Haynes, W. D.,
private ; Everett, private ; Spiegel, private.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
131
as prudence would permit, lie -was on his feet — (this ought to Ije foot, .^iiice he
left one of his legs on the iield of Chickamauga). His presence at her bed-
side greatly aided in her recover_y. Cheered and comforted by the knowledge
that he was safe, she summoned all her strength and overcame the fever.
She approached convalescence, but the indiscretion of a most attentive, kind,
and gentle nurse, who had succeeded the vagabonds who had fled or been
driven forth, induced a relapse, and in a few hours, in the house where joy
prevailed, mourning had almost succeeded. The survivor of a dreadful civil
war, and two previous ejMdemics, the husband nerved himself for the end,
in all such cases deemed inevitable. While waiting for the call that was
to announce to him the death of lier who had pi'oven herself Avorthy t(_> be
called wife — to whom he owed his own life — the nurse broke into his rCiom,
affrighted and nerveless, almost breathless; and in a suppressed tone of voice,
called "Fire!" His thoughts were at once busy for his dying wife's safety.
In a moment his mind pictured for her a fate that made him shudder. He
thought, to use his own words, "that perhaps the thieves, by whom he had
suffered so much, had begun their threatened work of wholesale crime.'"
He hastened to his wife's room. She was sleeping tranquilly, her face indi-
cating the blessed change from death to life. Noiselessly he pulled down the
blinds of the windows, so as to exclude the glare of the light from the fire,
which he then knew was near by — near enough even to endanger his home —
and he turned on the gas, lighting all of the burners of the chandelier. If she
should awake, the light of the room would hide that of the fire without,
Avhich, in spite of all he could do, found its way in. Leaving his wife to the
nurse, with injunctions to keep from her wliat was passing beyond, he went
out to find his garden filled with burning shingles, the air thick with smoke
and sparks. To j^revent the ignition of his own premises, he was kept busy
for hours, and not until the fire died out, and the danger had passed away, did
he think of his condition and a possible j'elapse. But he, as well as his wife,
passed even that dreadful crisis. How great was his relief to learn from the
papers of the next day that the fire, which had such terrors for him, was the
only mishap of the kind in the previous twenty-four hours, and that the
Citizens' Relief Committee had amply provided for a contingency, even the
thought of which had blanched his clieek, and made him afraid indeed ! To
])ass safely such a test is an ordeal that seldom occurs in the life of the most
adventurous; but it was only one of many that followed in the train of the
l)estilence. Information of tiie military preparations, and the shooting of a
}'ufiianly negro, who attempted to intimidate a colored soldier on guard at the
commissary department, had the most hai)py effect. It proved to those wlm
contemplated crime that, though f'W in numbers, the men who were manag-
ing affairs could not be trifled with, and that, at any liazard to themselves,
they would enforce law and order. Ex-Attorney-Cieneral Luke E. Wright,
who was an active and zealous member of the committee, and who was in
the commissary Iniilding when the shot was fired, went quickly to the front,
and in a tone of voice, distinctly heard above the wails of the terrified
negro woman, thanked the sentry for his devotion to duty, complimcjjtcd
132
A IIISTOEY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
his company for its firmness, and assured all present that the shot, which was
so well aimed, was merely the prelude to what Avould certainly follow if any
attempt was made to violate the public i^eace, or interfere with the business of,
or steal the goods entrusted to, the Relief Cominittee by the people of all tbe
States. It was a perilous moment. The tide seemed for some days to have
been with the evil-disposed. The quickly delivered shot of the negro guard,
and the brave speech of General Wright turned it, and thereafter there was no
trouble. The white man who incited the negro desperado, so summarily made
an example of, was, it is said, soon after "lost." He has never been heard of
since. Thus warned, the hitherto impudent thieves made their way from a city
where they felt themselves besieged, and where they began to realize punish-
ment swift and sure Avould be meted out to all of their number arrested for
crime. Many citizens, and the press generally, hinted the necessity for a gallows.
It was also suggested, by one of the papers, that, since there were no courts, the
most summary process would be in order, as a certain means of insuring public
safety. There was no time to dally with criminals, and but little disposition to
bear with what was wholly inexcusable. No one suffered for food or clothing.
Both were in abundant supply, and both were as regularly given as asked for,
through the persons employed to see that there was no favoritism indulged
in. A commissary department was organized, which took charge of all sup-
plies that did not belong to the Howard Association. This department
was admirably conducted. Order and precision characterized its manage-
ment, notwithstanding the clerks died so fast, that for a time those who suc-
ceeded to their labors were compelled to work at night as well as by day.
Rations were issued on requisitions supplied to the needy by ward committees.
These requisitions were filed as vouchers, so that every pound and ounce of
food, or bushel of fuel, or suit or jmrt of a suit of clothes was accounted for.*
Of course there Avere complaints. Out of these grcAV misrepresentations that
were gross libels upon a committee whose usefulness and influence was thank-
fully and gratefully acknowledged by every class of the citizens of the ill-fated
city. Human nature is weak, and every one is liable to err. But the adminis-
tration of the Citizens' Relief Committee's aflTairs challenged the admiration of
all who know what it is in ordinary times, when there is no epidemic to disorder
the public mind, to minister to the poor. At one time, of all who at first gladly
enrolled themselves members of it, only three remained, and of these one had re-
covered from a severe attack of fever. Its officers were constantlj" on duty.
As they became known they were appealed to in the streets; but the}' unflinch-
ingly adhered to the rules they had laid down for their own, and the guid-
ance of those they employed. They had regular hours, during which they were
to be found in their places. Between these hours — from nine A. M. to three
P. M. — they indoi-sed all requisiti(ms that came to them properly authenticated
by the Avard committees. By this system the bounty of the North, of the
* In the appendix part of the report of the Citizens' Relief Committee, there will Le
found a tabulated statement by tlie commissary, Captain .J. C. Maccabe, in which every
ration (its kind and weight) are given as they were taken from the bool^s, which were
kept with as unerring precision as tlrose of any mercantile house in the country.
A HISTOEY OF THE YELLOAV FEVEr..
South, and of Europe, found its way to the really needy, as was intended by
the donors. There was no extravagance, no waste, no unnecessarv delay ;
nothing- that oould be avoided, nothing that would needlessly intervene between
those who needed the charity and those who gave it. Without money or i)rice,
these gentlemen, braving tlie epidemic, labored in the public behalf They had
no reward to expect other tlian that which is the recompense of every good
action — the satisfaction of its perfbrn)ance. No honors awaited them. Xo
government stood ready to decorate them a.s heroes. An approving conscience
and the indorsement of those who knew what they were doing, how faithfully
and honorably they did it, and with what largeness of sympathy for those to whom
they were almoners thoy accompanied it — that was all. They preserved order
and saved property from the touch of the thief and the house-breaker and the
torch of the inceudiury. They prevented, by a timely precaution, by an exhibit
of determination, by an ari-ay of troops, the destruction, perhaps, of the cit\', and
so .saved the lives of thousands who, in the excitement of riot, would have per-
ished on the streets, perhaps in the flames of their ljurning dwellings. It is no
exaggeration to say that, had it not been for the firmness of this comituttee, chaos
would have ensued upon the panic of August, and the most frightful excesses
^vould have resulted. They enforced order and obedience to law, and reassured
Jill who were engaged with the sick and the dead, that they could labor in peace,
in absolute security, with none to make them afraid. With such an auxiliary,
under the protection of such strength and firmness, the Howard Association lelt
free to prosecute its beneficent w(n'k without the dread, greater than that of
death, which springs out of the existence of hiwlessness, license, and disorder;
could peacefully pursue its work and continue to .stem the torrent of death and
desolation. It could rely with certainty upon the will and resources of the
lieiief Committee, and rest secure that its beneficent and sacred task would not
be interrupted or interfered with.
VI.
The Howai'd Association of Memphis, like its prototype of New Orleans,
grew out of the necessities incident to an epidemic of yellow fever, winch
found the people of the city unprepared to cope with it. The first visitation
of this disease, which occurred in 1855,* although it made a very profound im-
pression upon the people of jNIemphis, was not of so .serious a character a.s to
eall for or compel any thing like associated efii)rt in behalf of those exposed to
it. Memphis was then a small town of not more than twelve thousand five
hundred inhabitants, and of the,«e nearly all were personally known to each
other, anil were in the daily habit of those neighliorly offices which distinguish
the conduct of intimates and acquaintances. They, thereibre, shared the bur-
"*It is said to have prevailed eijideuiieally in 1828 at Fort Piekeriiig, now a suburb
of Memjiliis.
134
A HISTORY OF THE YELT.OW FEVER.
dens of a calamity that claimed between sixty and seventy-five victims and
brought, perhaps, two hundred and fifty persons under treatment. Besides,
there was not then the dread of the fever which has since prevailed. Up to
that time, and for as many years as the place had any existence, passengers
from New Orleans were allowed to land without question at all seasons of the
year, and persons who had contracted the fever in New Orleans, and in whom
it only developed on their way up the river en route to their homes, were al-
lowed to be landed and taken in vehicles through the streets to the hospital,
or to private houses for treatment. Tlie notion that prevailed throughout the
country, and that still has hold on many otherwise ■svell-informed persons, that
there is a yellow fever zone, beyond the limits of wliich the dreaded disease
can not flourish, had a great deal to do in the encouragement of a hardihood
which, during 1878, cost Holly Springs and other places every life that was
lost by yellow fever. The atmosphere and unclean conditions under wliich the
disease is propagated did not exist, or the poison was not imported when
they did exist until 1855, consequently, it was braved with reckless indifference,
the almost yearly immunity strengthening the assumption of the zone theory
and blinding the people to the possibilities of the plague that had swept New
Orleans just two years before (in 1853) like a besom of destruction, costing her
the lives of seven thousand nine hundred and seventy persons, and in the
year following (1854), two tliousand four hundred and twenty-three lives,
and in that year (1855), two thousand six hundred and seventy lives. Inter-
vening between the first and second visitations of yellow fever to Memphis
came the civil Avar and the subsequent political trials, during which the im-
pressions left by the epidemic of 1855 had passed from the minds of a popula-
tion that had more than doubled, and whose very traditions had been swept
away by the great tide of revolution. The problem of social and political life
exclusively monopolized attention and consideration. Tlie rehabilitation of
homes and hearths, well nigh ruined, Avas of more importance to them than
any other, or all the rast of the issues of life. Every thing was forgotten in
the struggle for existence, aggravated, as it was, by the merciless attitude of
the Northern States, the cunningly-devised agitation of political leaders, and
by the shadow of the first of a series of commercial disastei's by which Mem-
phis suffered in common with all the other cities of the Union. Thus, sitting
amid the ruins of the past, overwhelmed by the memories of a war, on tlie re-
sults of Avhich all had been staked, by the gloom engendered by defeat, and by
the foreshadowing clouds of a future, tliat proved worse than the most for-
lorn croakers could conjure, Avitli an almost criminal neglect of the simplest
sanitary laws, Memphis Avas for the second time, in September, 1867, visited
by a plague, the origin of Avhich is still a question, the pi-ogress of Avhich is
still in doubt, the best jnethod of curing- Avliich is still debated, the sad results
of Avhich are alone apparent. It made its appearance late in the season, yet
it lasted more than seventy days, the first two deaths occurring in the week
endmg Sej^tember 29th, and the last three in the Aveek ending Decem-
ber 1st. More than two hundred and fifty people died, and there AA'as, per-
haps, a total of fifteen hundred sick. The necessities of this dread cmer-
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
135
gency, uiilooked for and iinex})ected, suggested the organization of the Howard
Association, which took phice cn the twenty-ninth of September, 1867. A
call which appeared in the city press was jM-oniptly responded to by tlie fol-
]!)wing named gentlemen : R. W. Ainslie, William Everett, H. Lonargan,
John Heart, C. T. Geoghegan, J. K. Pritehard, A. D. Langstaff, J. B. Wasson,
J. P. Gallagher, .Jack Horn, E. J. Mansford, John Park, Eev. R. A. Sinip-
.son, Dr. P.^'P. Fraime, J. P. Roliertson, T. C. McDonald, J. T. Collins, E.
M. Levy, W. A. Strf)zzi, E. J. Gorson, Dr. A. Sterling, A. A. Hyde, G. G.
Wersch, W. S. Hamilton, A. H. Gresham, Fred Gutherz, W. J. B. Lons-
dale, and J. G. Lonsdale, Sr. These, fully understanding and appreciating
the work of the immortal philauthro2)ist, John Howard, resolved to i'olhjw his
example and devote themselves under his name to the succor of the sick, the
relief of the suffering, and the burial of the dead.* After the officers Avere
elected, on the 30th, announcement was made tin- ough the press that the
Howard Association of Memjihis was prepared to provide medical attend-
ance, nurses, and medicines for the indigent sick. Physicians and ministers
of religion were requested to cooperate and repoi't all the fever cases coming
to their attention which needed the help of the Association, M'hich soon found
its hands full. All the mend)ers were shortly employed, and before the
end of the second w'eek it became necessary to call for aid and assist-
ance. This call was promptly responded to by the citizens of Memphis
and the surrounding towns, so that the Association was at once enabled
to employ skilled nurses, among t'aem several from New Orleans. Gj'eat good
was accomplished. The total amount of money subscribed was $4,996.56,
all but $130 of which was expended, and the number of patients taken chai'ge
of and relieved was 244. The labors of the epidemic were not without sad
and sorrowful results to the Association. Of the twenty-five who ccjmposed
its membership, two died — laid down their lives that others might live. The
beneficent experiences of 1867, and the high favor in which they were held by
the public, determined the members to perpetuate the Association. They,
therefore, applied to the legislature for, and obtained, a charter,! which gave
E. W. Ain.slie was elected President, John Heart, 1st Vice-President, C. T. Geoghegan,
2nd Vice-President, William Everett, Recording Secretary, H. Lonargan, Corrc.sponding
Secretary, and J. K. Pritehard, Treasurer.
tSr.CTiON 1. Be it enacted by the General Anseiiiljli/ of Hie Slate of Tennessee, That Joliii Tarlc, R,
A. Simpson, J. G. r,oiiS(lale, Sr., John Heart, E. T. Geoghegan, li W . Ainslie, J. P. GaUa-
ghcr, T. E. McDonald, A, A. Hyde, and J. P. Robertson and tlieir associates be, and tliey are
hereby declared, a body politic and corpoi'ate, witli ninety-nine years succession, by the name
of tlie HoWAUD Assucr ATioN OP .MEMPHIS, wliose o'lject shiill b.^ to jirovide nursrs"ancl neces-
tiarics Cor those wlio may be t iken sick, wiio ai'e without means and witliout Innds, nnd i)ar-
ticnlarly duriu;; the prevalence of epidemics. Said Association, by tliis name, may contract
and be contracted witli , may sue and be sued in all courts, as ol lior cliartered corporations, in
all matters whatsoever, and nave full power to acquire, bold, possess, and enjoy, by nilt,
tiiant, <M- otherwise, and tlie same to .sell and convey any or all sucli real, personal, or mixi d
est ite, and invest and re-invest the same from time'to time, as ma.v be necessaiy for the ben-
efit, support, and purposes of said 1-Ioward Association of Mkmi'II is, or which ma.v be con-
veyed lotlie same f ir the security or payment of any debt or debls which may becinne liue
and owim; to said Asso -iation, aiid may make, have, and use a common seal, and the same
break, alter, or renewal pleasure; Provided, That the property, funds, and re\eiuie of .said
llowAUi) As-ociATiON OK Mi';mphis shall not be u.sed lor any other than the purposes of
s till Association, and that all of said real, personal, or ini.Ked estate shall be exempt from
.'^tate, county, and corporation taxes and a.ssessments, as the sole object of the Association is
relief of the destitute
Sf.o 2 H'' it farther en.'ieled. That the real and personal estat'", propert.y, and funds and rev-
enues of said .-\ssociation, and the administration of its aftaiis,shall be under the exclusive
direction and control of the active numbers of saii IIowarli .\s;ociaiion of JlESirHis. That
13G
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOAV FEVER.
it a status worthy of its name and the purposes had in view, and strengthened
it in the respect and confidence of the jpublic abroad, as well as at liorae.
Thus constituted a body corporate, with powers adeqr.ate to any emergency
of epidemics aiid the scope of their work, the Association was reorganized,
with a greatly enlarged and influential membership. But the " changes and
chances" of life in four years reduced their numbers. Some had removed
from the city ; others had died, so that, on the 14th of September, 1873,
when the I'oll was called, in obedience to a summons to work, only eight re-
sponded : Messrs. J. G. Lonsdale, Sr., Dr. P. P. Fraime, A. D. Langstati', W.
J. B. Lonsdale, J. P. Robertson, E. J. Mansford, A. G. Raymond, and Fred'k
Gutlierz. On the 14th of September, two days after the Board of Health de-
clared yellow fever epidemic, these gentlemen met and organized for a campaign,
the dread results of wliich no one of them could then foresee. They found just
$130 in the treasury, all that remained of the fund subscribed in 1867. They,
therefore, made an appeal to their fellow-citizens of the other cities and States
through a mass-meeting, held on the 16th of the same month, and the result
was the almost immediate supply of a sum sufficient to enable them to begin
work. A call was then made for recruits. This, too, was promptly re-
sponded to, and they were enabled to reorganize on as efficient a basis as the
necessities of the occasion demanded. The new members, who thus swelled
the list of the Association to something like the proportions necessary to
grapple with the disease and prove successful almoners of a nation's bounty,
were: J. J. Murphy, B. P. Anderson, J. G. Simpson, W. J. Smith, W. P.
Wilson, G. W. Gordon, J. H. Smith, E. B. Foster, A. E. Frankland, W. S.
Rogers, W. A. Holt, F. F. Bowen, J. F. Porter, R. T. Halstead, T. R.
Waring, S. W. Rhode, W. J. Lemon, W. G. Barth, L. Seibeck, J. E. Lan-
phier, J. H. Edmondson, John Johnson (Attorney), J. W. Cooper, F. A.
Tyler, Ji-., C. A. Leffingwell, F. G. Connell, P. W. Semmes, D. E. Brettenum,
and D. B. Graham. Strengthened by this company, many of whom, like Ander-
son and Smith, survived to win imperishable renown by their devotion and skill
in 1878, the Association nobly and honorably illustrated what self-sacrificing
philanthropy is through many weeks, during which they were subjected to
weariness of soul, as well as body ; to the anguish of heart inseparable from
an overwhelming calamity, to mitigate which it seemed sometimes as if, they
the parties named in tlie first section of tliis Act, or any five of tlieni, mny call tlie suljscribers
of said Association togei her, alter liaviiig given five days' notice in soiiu- daily |)ai.icT |>ublisli«i
in the city of Menipliis, and proceed to organize tlie same, by electing a Pi esidt nt, tw <i\'icc Pres-
idents, Treasurer, .Secretary, and six Directors, wlio shall constitute an Executive t onuuiltee,
five of wlioiu shall he a quorum, who shall conduct the affairs of the Association, and who
sliall continue in office until a new eleition is made The regular election lor officers shall
be made on Hie first Monday in April, 18(i8, of which due notice shall be given in a daily i^aper
published in Memphis. The members of said Howard Aj-sociation oi' jMemi'His shall make
such by-laws and regulations for tlie admission of members and the government of the Asso-
ciation as they may deem necessary ; Prorided., That no by-laws, rules, or regulations shall, in
any wise, be contrary to tlie Constitution and laws of tlie State of Tennessee or tlie United
States.
Sec.:?. Be il further mnclrd. That all the efTects, real, personal and mixed, of every descrip-
tion, belonging to the said IluwAiiD Association, thai maybe remaining on hand af the
expiralion of this charier, shall be turned over to the Board of Mayor and Aldermen of the
city of Memphis, or to whomsoever may be the representatives of the people of said city at
that fime, Ibi- the benefit of the poor and destitute people thereof
.Sec M.Beit further enacted. That the foregoing Act shall take eflTecl from and after its pas-
sage. ¥. S. UICHAHDS,
Speaker of the HtDiac I'f lii jn rsenlidives.
D. W. r. SKNIER,
Passed January 23, 1SG9. /Speaker of Heiude.
A HISTOEY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
137
Avorkerl in vain, and as if their heaven-appointed labors would prove barren of
results. For more than two mouths they confronted death and bore witness, in
their self-denial and devotion, that heroism did not die with the age of chiv-
alry, that it still lives, purer and loftier, just as our age and time is purer and
better than any that have preceded it. Many of them had had, on otlier occa-
sions, some experience of the heart-rending scenes and snflerings that make u])
the horrors of an epidemic. Besides the eight old members that held together
since 1867, who were the nucleus of • the reorganization of an association, whose
Avork is a monument of human love, some of the new had als;) encountered the
fever elsewhere, and two of the eldest of them not only nursed in 1867, but also in
1855, when, as has been previously remarked, there was no organization, and the
people had not learned how dreadful a sc(nirge yellow fever is under conditi;jn.'-
favoring its propagation and spread. These two members — one of them Alajor
F. F. Bowen, advanced in years and well-spent in life, and the other, (fcnenil
W. J. Smith, a soldier of two wars — have survived attacks of the di.-case,
passed through the last epidemic, and survive, to live, it is hoped, many
years among the highest and noblest examjiles of constancy in labor, per-
sistency in duty, and cool, calm courage in the face of danger. Butler
P. Anderson, who, in 1878, immortalized himself and made for the Asso-
ciation a name far beyond the limits it set for itself, .was also among the new
members. A man of positive convictions, noble impulses, and the highest sense
of honor, he entered enthusiastically ujtou the work, and so fearlessly and thor-
oughly performed every duty assigned him, that, before the close of the cam-
paign of 1873, he was regarded by his fellow-soldiers as just the man to lead a
forlorn hope like that of Grenada in 1878. They looked up to him as to a
born leader, a man in whom they recognized all those qualities essential in
a successful commander. They had been with him in the imminent and
deadly breach, and saw how cool he could be, concerned only for those whom
he had volunteered to succor and to save. They were proud of him ; proud
to be associated with a man so self-sacrificing, so indifferent to his own safety,
so pure, not merely in intention, but in the entire dedication of self to a serv-
ice whose recompenses were limited to an approving conscience. They were
not surprised, therefn-e, when, in 1878, he volunteered with General W. J.
iSmitli, and went down to almost certain death at Grenada.* This step was in
"*The Mempliis Ledger, of the 8tli of April (LS79), thus pays tribute to these worthies:
" Butler P. Anderson was a martyr to his humane impulses and his sense of duty. He
did not go to Grenada, as some have supposed, in a spirit of romance and adventure,
but from a stern sense of duty, when others would not go. When the mayor of that
stricken city sent an appeal to the Howards of Memphis for nurses, Gen. W. J. Smith
and Col. Anderson and other Howards found it a difficult matter to find them at once.
Several hours were spent in the effort, and, finally, ten were assembled at the depot to
take the special train. They were inexperienced nurses, the most of them, and without
a head would have been useless. The question arose as to who should go with them.
One after another had reasons for saying, ' I pray thee, have me excused.' General
Smith, as the first vice-president of the Howard Association, said he would go. No
one else volunteered. It was a critical moment. At the last minute Col. Anderson
stepped on the train and said: 'I will go myself.' After making the decision, he had
138
A lIISTOrtY OF THE YELLCAV FEVER.
keeping with the promptings of a nature moved by the most humane impulses.
It was in keeping witli hLs life, i)art of the best years of which he devoted to
the amelioration of the condition of the poor, the insane, the blind, the deaf and
the dumb, and all whom affliction had made dependent upon public charity ;
to the cause of public education and the advancement especially of the negro,
recently made free. He was a tower of strength to the Association, in whose
Avell being he always took tho liveliest interest. Physically a splendid type of
the men of the south-west, he was as good r>nd pure as he was handsome. Asso-
ciated with him, besides Major Bowen and General Smith, there were manv
other old citizens of equal character and weight. Working day and night they
found themselves unequal to the demands made upon them. They, there-
fore, called for help. Nurses, as well as money, clothes, and provisions, were
at once sent by the other cities of the country, New Orleans and jMobile vieing
with each other, and New York rivaling both. Dr. Luke P. Blackburn, of
Kentucky, a gentleman, whose skill in the treatment of yellow fever had long
before secured him preeminence among his profession at home and abioad, with
Major W. P. Walthall, of Mobile, were put in charge of an infirmary, which
was of great advantage to the How^ards, as it secured prompt and proper treat-
ment for a class of patients who already crowded the city hospital under Dr.
Thornton, city physician and surgeon in charge of the Marine Hospital.
Other societies and organizations aided in the work of cooling the fevered brow
and closing the eyes of the dead. Conspicuous among them, the Odd-Fellows,
the temperance lodges, the Free Masons, Knights of Pythias, Knights of
Honor, and Christian Churches, the Hebrew Synagogues, the police and fire-
men, the telegraphers and typographers. The ministers of religion were, many
of them, especially conspicuous, as much so as the physicians, in ministering to
the wants of the sick and needy, relieving the widows and orphans, and carry-
only time to send a verbal message to his family. That was the last ever seen of him
alive in Memphis.* He and General Smith found the city in the wildest confusion and
fright. They went to work, forgetting themselves, and bent only on relieving the sick
and dying. They often worked from early morning until long after midnight. The
mayor fell the day after they arrived, and soon died. The six physicians of the place
who remained all died. The mortality was appalling. They could not leave. The
highest sense of duty and humanity impelled them to remain as they did, until one fell
at his post and the other was brought away with the fever throbbing in every vein.
And incidentally here we will say, that all the terrible trials and emergencies of the
yellow fever period of 1878 did not develop a nobler, braver, and more unseliish man
than General W. J. Smith. Of English birth and ideas, entertaining political opinions
at variance with those of most Southern people, he had been the object of dislike and
coolness. But when the occasion was presented, he went to the relief of those who, in
a sense, might have been considered his enemies at the risk of his life. From this cir-
cumstance we may learn a lesson of forbearance and wisdom that should never be for-
gotten."
'■'The Ledficr is mistaken in this. Col. Anderson returned to the eity after some days of liard Libor
at (ireiiada, bntdnly remained for t\venty-fo\ir hours. lie went Ijacl; to his self-selected pest, ivhere
as master of tlie sitnntioii. he continued, until the fever seized liim, to administer to the necessities of
tht sick and the dying, acting as mayor and chief of all departments and societies.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOAV FEXRR.
139
itig consolation to all who were desiilaterl and oppressed by tlic hand of the
de.itroyer. All classes of the community suffered, and terror, dlsnmy, and sor-
row were universal. Heroes and heroines abounded in cvei-y rank of society.
Mi)re than one outcast, more than one waif, who had strayed far from the
admonitions and teachings of early life, vied with the religious jiastors and
Kia-ters in sacred ministrations. As death levels all, so in the presence of
death all are leveled. The whole community .stood face to ftice with, and
in awe of, this King of Terrors, and there was no time to ask questions,
there was no time to weigh the nice distinctions of social life. Whoever
offered life a willing sacrifice on the altar of duty was hailed and treated
as brother or sister. There was but one standard of justification — works.
Those who gave the cup of water were mustered, among the faithful; they
were the liglits that lighted up the gloom ; they were the rich and blessed
product of disease and death. Calm amid despair, l)rave in presence of
a relentless foe, deliberate where Death himself was hurried, they practiced
the sublimest lessons of Christian charity, and added fresh luster to the record
of human endurance. In this campaign, the terrors and hardships of M'hich
were uupiralleled by any then known experience in the annals of the South-
west, only five of the memljers of the Association contracted the fever, all of
whom, it is pleasant to record, recovered. This amount of casualty out of a
membership increased from eight to thirty seven, by prompt responses to the
calls for new members, was little less than miraculous. When the fact is
recalled that out of a population estimated at not more than 15,000, lialf of the
number negroes, more than 7,000 sickened, and moie than 2,000 died, it was
little less than miraculous — in view of the dangers of the pestilence, the lurking
contagion in every stricken house, tlie suddenness of the fever's attack, the
almost fiendish eagerness with whicli it prostrated, and the almost lightning
speed with which it killed — it was little less than miraculous, that, returning to
fever haunted beds, after .sometimes many nights and days spent in the sick-
room, the nervous system all unstrung, their clothes loaded with the never-to-
be-forgotten stench of the fever, and often stained from head to foot with
black vomit, they did not all die, as warnings against a temei-ity that would risk
life in what most regarded as a forlorn hope. But they Avere mercifully spared
— spared for .still more harrowing scenes, spared, nnuiy of them, to seal with their
lives, during the greater calamity of 1878, their sublime devotion in 1873.
VII.
With this record, possessing the public confidence at home and abroad, the
Association, on the fourteenth of August, 1878, was once more summoned
to work, this time to face an ordeal, compared with w'hich all previous
epidemics were but a biief agony. Between that day and the fourth of No-
vember— nearly three months— they were to see 70 per cent, of a population of
140
A HISTORY OF THE YEI>I,0\V FEVER.
about 19,600 sicken of the fever, and of that number 5,150, or more than 25
per cent., die, tlie ratio of mortality among the whites being 70 per cent.,
and among the negroes 8 per cent. In 1873 they expended over $100,000, em-
ployed 825 nurses, and furnished doctors, nurses, medicines, and supplies to over
8,000 persons. In 1878 they were to expend over -1500,000, employ 2,900
nurses, and furnished doctors, nurses, medicines, and supplies to more than 15,000
persons.* Taking no heed of their own safety, the members of the Associa-
tion, placing themselves under the guidance and control of A. D. LangstafF, First
Vice-President (who was President in 1873), prepai-ed for the long siege during
M'hicli they were to be tried as men have seldom been tried in this world.
Visitors were at once appointed to the districts into which the city was
mapped, and a census of the sick Avas taken, revealing a state of things that
ahnost surp issed belief. By the end of the first week they found more than
1,500 sick, and the mortality averaged 10 each day ; by the end of the second
they found 3,000 sick, and the mortality had jumped to 50 per day. Con-
sternation and panic increased the horrors of the situation, and the fear and
dread that sat on every heart increased the difficulties of doctors and nurses
in the treatment of the disease. The city hospital was full of poor, patients,
and the able, humane, and tender-hearted phj^sician in charge, Dr Thornton,
was already almost worked down. To relieve him, three infirmaries were estab-
lished, but could not, for want of mechanics to fit them up, be made available ear-
lier than the middle of September. A medical corps, under Dr. R. W. Mitchell,
an experienced and able jihysiciau, was organized, and performed a work beyond
all praise. With their aid, and such help as the other charitable organizations
and benefit societies could give, the Association continued to battle with the pes-
tilence, which, aggravated by other diseases, bid fair at one time to decimate
the city. Toward the close of August it invaded their own ranks. The heioic
General W. J. Smith was back from Grenada prostrate, as a difficult almost
Tlie work of the Howard Association was conducted systematically tliroiigh Visitors
appointed, two to each ward, whose duty it was to visit every liouse, and repoi t, as promptly
as discovered, every case of fever. They made their tours of dnty in buggies, in which they
carried a liberal supply of medical stores, such as are most needed in llie incipient
stages of the fever, and wliich tliey distributed as they found it necessary. When llie
cases were reported at tlie Medical Director's office, the physicians detailed for tlie ward in
which they occurred were notified, and they gave tliem immediate attention, reporting at
night, at the medical meeting, their wliole number of cases, the new ones being particu-
larized. All prescriptions for medicines by Howard physicians were filled at the
expense of the Association, and all orders for medical supplies for the convalescents were
lilled at the depot of supplies, where, as well as the prescrijitions at the drug-stores, all such
orders were filed as vouchei's, to be used in the final settlements which were made at the
(■lose of the epidemic. The Secretary received and leceipted for all donations of money
or supplies, and turned them over — the money to the Treasurer and the supplies to the
officer in charge of the depot — taking their receipt therefor. All bills were made payable
on theorder of the President and Secretary, which orders, with bills accompanying, were
the vouchers of the Treasurer. At the close of the epidemic these were examined by the
auditing committee, who passed upon them and certified to their correctness, as will be
.seen in the Reports in the .\ppendix of this book.
A IIISTOKY OF THE YEI>LOW FEVER.
141
hopeless case. The heroic Butler P. Aiulerson was on his bed, dyinc;, a m.artvr
to the cause of humanity. W. A. Fiunie, W. A. Holt, and J. W. Cooper
were down. John Forbes was dead. By this time di.'^may was visible on every
face. It began to dawn on the minds of even tlie most sanguine, that the citv
was only on the verge of a fearful visitation. By the middle of September
the death-rate averaged 200 per day, and there were i'ully 8,000 sick, joerhaps
10,000. On the 14tli of that month the mortality for that day was stated to be
127. It was more than 200. Nineteen Howards, including the president, were
sick or dead. New members were called for. Out of a population greatlv re-
duced, nearly all of whom were engaged in the benevolent work of nursing the
sick or bmying the dead, eleven responded, every one of them already doing
good work as volunteer Howards. They brought an invaluable experience, a
courage and sympathy to the work assigned them as niend)ers quite up to the
reputation the Association enjoyed. Langstaff, who ultimately recovered,
went down with the fever on the 12th of Sejitember. His place was taken
by Ex-Mayor John Johnson, and afterward by General "W. J. Smith, who
had just recovered. The hero martyr, Butler P. Anderson, whose name
is forever to be hallowed with the people of Meinphis, died on the first.
Edwin B. Foster died on the 15th, and Edward J. jNIansford, one of the
original members, and a hero of three epidemics, died on the oOth ; A. jNF.
Stoddard was taken on the 20th, but recovered; P. W. Semmes, taken on the
9th, recovered; A. F. C. Cook died on the 8th, Frederick Cole died on the
9th, and AV. D. McCallum died on the 16th ; Nathan D. Menken, the
philanthropist, and an honor to the ancient race, whose good name he sus-
tained by his life and living, died on the 2d ;* D. G. Reahardt, taken on the
25th, recovered; John T. Moss, taken on the 15th, recovered; C. L. Staffer,
taken on the 9th, recovered; Louis S. Frierson, taken on the 16th, recovered;
Jesse W. Page, Jr., taken on the 18th, recovered; Cliarles Howard, taken
on the 15th, recovered; James W. Heath died on the 17th, and W. S. Ander-
son was taken on the 28th and recovered. Of the honorary members, four in
number. Rev. E. C. Slater, D. D., died on the 10th; Rev. S. Landrum,
D. D. , was taken on the 15th, in the midst of a deep affliction for the loss of
* Mr. Menksn was in many respects a remarkable person. One of the weahhiest
merchants of the city, a man of a very high order of talent and cultivation, and,
although deeply devoted to his wife and children, he, long before the epidemic was
i)thcially declared to exist, resolved to give himself np to the good Samaritan work of
the Howards. He so wrote to his wife in letters that were full of the purest and loftiest
sentiments. Conscious of the risk he ran, he advised her of his last wishes, and, thus
prepared, entered himself a willing worker in a cause he might have turned his back
upon without any question as to his motives. Of a nervous temperament, like many
others, he attempted too much, and fell an easy victim to the fever. At first, and for
some weeks, he labored by himself, then with the Hebrew Hospital Association, and
afterward with the Howard Association; all the time giving of his own bounty, his
purse being as open as his heart. How many he relieved, how many griefs he assuaged,
how many widows and orphans he comforted by ready lielp and a generous sympathy, is
only known to the God he served so faithfully. His loss was a severe one, and his
ileath was felt to be a public calamity, only overshadowed by the plague.
U2
A HISTORY OF THK YELLOW FEVEIl,
liii two sons, but, happily, recovered ; Rev. W. E. Boggs, D. D., was taken
on the 26th, but recovered ; and Chief of Police Athy was taken on the Slst
of August, and recovered. The ranks of the Association -were thus, in Septem-
ber, literally decimated. By the end of the first week in Octobei', Vice-
President Edmondson, John Johnson, Superintendent of Nurses, and J. H.
Smith, Secretary, were, of all the officers, alone on duty. By that time the
death-rate had declined to twenty-eight per day ; yet the work was harder, and the
demands upon the time of those who could work were greater than ever, their
numbors considered. They were never off duty, save to sleep, and, of that, many
of them were cut down to half the usual time. This induced exhaustion, and
invited the plague. Jolin G. Lonsdale, Sr., Treasurer of the Association, and
a hero of four epidemics, died on the first of October, a few days after bury-
ing his youngest son and his wife; J. H. Smith, the Secretary, was taken on
the 11th, but recovered; Samuel M. Jobe, conspicuous among the citizens of
Memphis for an active benevolence and a pure and stainless life, died on the
4th • and W. J. B. Lonsdale, who had done good Avork in 1873, died on the
2d of November. This was the last death among the Howards, and the last
case of fever. Those not thus mentioned escaped ; they were — Vice-President
J. H. Edmondson, who had the fever in the West Indies in 1865 ; Ex-Mayor
John Johnson, who had the fever in 1873 ; Major F. F. Bowen, who had the
fever in 1847; W. S. Rogers, who had the fever in 1873; T. R. Waring, who
had the fever in the West Indies; Jacob Kohlberg, and Robert P. Waring,
neltlier of whom ever had tlie fever. Thus, out of a total — including honorary
members — of thirty-nine, only seven escaped, and, of these, only two of them
had not had the fever during some of tlie preceding epidemics in this country
or the West Indies. Twelve of the thirty-two attacked died. On the 7th of
October, the fever having diminished to fifty -seven new cases and twenty-four
deaths, and the labors of the Association having been correspondingly de-
creased. President LangstafT determined to answer the calls of the surrounding
communities on a scale equal to their necessities, and, for that purpose, organ-
ized relief trains, to be run on tlie three pi-incipal railroads — the ]\Iemphis and
Charleston, the Mississippi and Tennessee, and the Memphis and Louisville (or,
as it is known abroad, the L., N. and Great Southern). Tlie first of these trains
went out on the 8th on the latter road, the second on the 9th on the first-named,
and the third on the 13th on the Tennessee road. They carried provisions as
well as medical and hospital supplies, medicines, physicians, and nurses, and,
although it was late in the epidemic when they started, accomplished a great
deal of good. Never were the good gifts of good hearts more heartily Avelcomed
than were the comforts thus dispensed to their needy felloAV-sufTerers by the Mem-
phis Howards. What the people of tlie small towns along the roads mentioned
had endured was beyond belief Death had in many cases taken nearly one
hundred per cent., leaving only one or two to tell the awful tale. In A'ain
the sublimest heroism was exhibited. In vain every suggestion of science wns
exhausted. The fever swept past every obstacle and carried all with it who
could not withstand the shock — and they were few. From time to time the
Memphis Howards had done what they could to relieve these sorely tried and
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
143
bereaved people, Init until the relief trains were organized, it was found
impossible to do all that was necessary. For two weeks this most j^ractical
of the benevolences of the time continued, the trains being every-where hailed
with gladness hy the prostrate people, to whom they brought what money
with tliem could not then purchase. Almost simultaneously from all the
stricken towns, toward the close of October, the glad news went out to an im-
patient world that the fever was near its close. Its days were numbered. On
the 2dt\i the Memphis Board of Health declared the epidemic over. Many
cases of fever existed, and some few occurred after that, but in ei)idemic form
it had expended itself The work of the Association was brought to a close.
The relief trains ceased to run ; the last of the nurses were called in and paid
off; other help was discharged ; the suburban agencies for the distribution of
medicines and supplies were closed ; the medical department was also closed,
and the physicians were dismissed. This was gracefully accomj^lished at a
banquet at the Peabody Hotel, whereat speeches were made and resolutions
passed, expressive of the weight of obligation resting upon every citizen of
Memphis, for services that were beyond any computation or value. Thus
Avas brought to a close the third and hardest fought campaign of the ]\Iem-
phis Howard Association. The personal trials of its members had been
severe. They had lost heavily, not only of their own members, but of phy-
sicians and nurses whom they had come to regard as of their number.
Death dealt so severel}'^ with them that they were obliged to organize a burial
corps, under a young Hebrew named Louis Daltroof, who deserves " sjwcial
mention" for the courage and discretion with wiiich, at such a time, he
performed the last sad offices, generally alone and unaided. Some of the
oldest and noblest of the original members had jsassed from human sight,
and many who, though young in the cause, had brought to it the enthusiasm
of natures ardent and eager to learn the sublime lesson of humanity. But
as these fell the ranks were closed up, the step became firmer, the move-
ment steadier, resolution stronger. So long as there Avas one case of disease
and one Howard, so long there was need for the exhibition of all those
qualities which, invaluable in the sick-room, were precious incentives to duty
on future and similar occasions. Three times the Alabama Street depot was
closed by the death of the agent. AVhole families had perished in its vicinity.
It was the hot-bed of the pestilence, yet every dead Howard was succeeded
by a living one — the bridge of Lodi was held to the last. A painful inci-
dent of the epidemic, this illustrates the courage which liraved all things to
succor and save poor, helpless fellow-beings. Die they might, but die in the
good cause to which they had devoted themselves the Howards Avould. The
annals of war aflbrd no higher evidence of courage, of unselfish devotion to
duty, of a pure and lofty heroism ; and it is doubtful if any other people
than ours, trained to self-control in the school of personal liberty, could equal
it. Theirs is a glorious I'ecord — of \vhich their fellow-citizens are j^i'oud.
It is a spotless record, free from all taint — a record that embraces all that is
worthy of imitation in human goodness ; it is a record that recalls the early
ages of the Christian Church, when the zeal of the martyrs, inspired by a
10
144
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
sublime hope, carried them through the fires of persecution, and enabled them
to be an everlasting testimony to the faith, some of whose sublimest assurances
are expressed in the texts : " Inasmuch as ye did it unto the least of these, my
brethren, ye did it unto me." And, "Greater love hath no man than this,
that a man lay down his life for his friend."
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEE.
145
INCIDENTS OF THE EPIDEMIC.
The incidents of tlie epidemic in Memphis, 1878, which are here given, are,
as nearly as possible, arranged in the order, accoitling to dates, in which they
were found in the daily papers, from which they are, for the most jDart, taken.
They are given in the language of the time, and are believed to be faithful
reports of facts as they occurred. As notes made and printed during the prog-
ress of the scourge, they serve the purpose here of proof, that what is stated
in the preceding pages is not, in any sense, an exaggeration of the truth, but
that the writer has kept quite within the limit of flicts, verified by eye-
witnesses of the scenes and participants iu the labors incident to the dreadful
visitation.
The mayor, by a proclamation, July 27th, declared a quarantine established,
a competent physician, with medical stores, provisions, bedding, and all things
needful, taking possession of the quarantine buildings, and jireparing for a rigid
enforcement of the laws. The Board of Health held two meetings on the 29th.
If there is any virtue in quarantine, Memphis ought to have felt secure
against yellow fever this season, as Franklin, Louisiana, Natchez, Port Gibson,
and other villages, in Mississippi, established quarantine against New Orleans
as early as the 2yth of July.
The so-called plague-stricken steam tow-boat, John PoHcr, passed up the river
with her tow, at seven o'clock, on the evening of July 30th. Quite a crowd
of citizens were on the bluff watching the l)oat. Dr. Erskine, health officer,
boarded the Porter from a tug, and found but one man sick on board. The
officers denied that any yellow fever had been or was on board. They stated
that they lost four men from over-heating, or sunstroke. The men had been
working around the furnaces and been drinking ice-water. The Porter was
ordered not to stop or land, but to move on up the river.
In spite of the safeguards, witli which the iiealth board had surrounded the
city, a few persons from New Orleans found their way here by railroad. One
of these, who, for two weeks after his departure from New Orleans, had been
up White River, arrived in the city on the night of the 1st of August, and,
becoming sick, and being poor, was sent to the city hospital, where, after aii?w
hours, the disease developed into a clear case of yellow fever. The health offi-
cer was at once notified, and had the sick man promptly removed to the quar-
antine hospital. Wlicn the unfortunate man was removed, the bed and bed-
clothes on which he slei)t, and the clothes he wore were burned, and the hosjjital
M'as thoroughly disinfected. It was a clear case of development of disease
contracted in New Orleans.
The man, William Warren, who slipped into the city from the yellow fever
infected steamer Golden (VoH')),and who was sent to tlie quarantine hospital for
yellow fever treatment, died, at quarantine, on Monday, August 5th.
The city was startled on Sunday, the 11th of August, by a series of telegrams
146
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
from Grenada, Mississippi, confirming the suspicion that yellow fever, of a
malignant type, had broken out in tliat city. The telegrams from officials and
private citizens of Grenada created a sensation and somewhat of a panic among
our citizens, wliich did not wear away before late last night. The Board- of
Health, Howard Association, Masons, Odd-Fellows, and Knights of Pythias, of
tlie city, received telegrams of a most startling character, and up to tlie follow-
ing day the telegraph office, on Madison Street, was crowded by visitors, all
anxious to hear from Grenada.
The Howards assembled, on hearing the news, on Sunday, August 11th, and de-
termined to aid the people of Grenada, in response to a telegram received bv Mr.
J. H. Smith, Secretary of the Association, asking for nurses. At half past seven
o'clock, Sunday evening, a special train lelt for Grenada, carrying Colonel But-
ler P. Anderson and General W. J. Smith, of the Howard Association, seven
experienced nurses, and Dr. R. F. Brown, secretary of the Board of Health,
who concluded to go to the ground and inspect the sick, with a view to learn
the character of the disease.
On Monday, August 12th, the Howard Association met at No. 16 Madison
Street, and prepared to respond to the call for aid from Grenada. On the
afternoon train, twenty-one experienced yellow-fever nurses were sent by the
Howards, four by the Masons, and two by the Odd-Fellows, making thirty -four
in all sent since the previous day.
A policeman, named McConnell, who had been sick for several days, died on
the night of the 12th of August, his physician declaring his to have been a case of
yellow fever. But other doctors disagreeing, it did not create much of a flurry.
On August 13th a clearly defined case of yellow fever appeared in this
city, and was duly announced, according to promise, by the Board of Health.*
Tlie case was as follows: Mr. B. Bionda, wife and two children, lived at Xo.
212 Front Street, a few doors north of Adams Street. Mr. Bionda and wife
kept an eating, or snack-house, principally frequented and patronized by river
men, or people from the landing. They cleansed and cooked fish, meats, etc., in
a room back of the snack-shop, where they fed their guests. They slept in a
room over the snack-house and kitchen. Mr. and Mrs. Bionda were indus-
trious, hard-working people. Their slops and refuse matter, from their snack-
house, were thrown out into the street, or further out toward the river. Mrs.
Kate Bionda was taken sick on August 9th, and was attended by Dr. Willett.
Symjitoms of yellow fever began to develop slowly but surely, and Dr. Willett
became satisfied. He notified Dr. Saunders and Dr. Erskine, of the Board of
Health, and Dr. Heber Jones, who visited the case. They at once pronounced
it a well-niai'ked case of yellow fever. Immediately Health Officer Erskine
took charge of the building and vicinity. The rooms, house, and premises
were thoi-oughly fumigated and disinfected with carbolic acid, copperas,
etc. The sidewalk and street for half a square on Front Street, and the same
distance back on Adams, were also disinfected. An obstruction or railing was
placed across Adams Street at Center Alley, and the locality, No. 212, was
fenced in around Front Street to the intersecting alley running east and west.
Mrs. Kate Bionda died at eleven o'clock in the morning, and was bui'ied at
four o'clock on the afternoon of the 13th. The officers of the Board of Health
are of the opinion that Mrs. Bionda contracted the disease from some guest who
had come np the river from the infected district south. Not only was the
building in which Mrs Bionda died disinfected and isolated, but all adjacent
Iniildings in the block were likewise disinfected, and policemen were stationed
to prevent people from visiting the particular locality.
* This was not, as was supposed at the time, the first case. See preceding pages o)
" Epidemic in Memphis in 1S78 " for the facts.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
147
Yriien it was officially announced that there was an undoubted case of j-ellow
fever in the city (Mrs. Bionda) considerable alarm was created. Many at
once proposed to send their families away, and quite a number left the city
l:)ffore night. There was a feeling of alarm and uneasiness, but no panic or
stampede.
The yellow fever developed, August 14th, to the extent of twenty-two new
cases, but only two deaths were reported. The news found early and ready
dissemination, and a panic was the result. The trains on the Charleston and
Louisville Railroads, as a consecpience, went (jut crowded, and every seat and
berth was taken for the trains on both roads for the next two days. Business
was in great part suspended, and every l)ody that could left before the week
ended. The Board of Health isolated the infected district, and literally satu-
rated the buildings, streets, and alleys with disinfectants. Though the type of
the disease was virulent, and did not readily yield to treatment, the sanitary
officials were not without hope of mitigating its severity, if they did not over-
come it.
The hegira from Memphis via the Louisville and Charleston Railroads,
August 15th, was greater than ever. It was a regular panic and stampede.
By this time, many of the scenes and incidents in the infected district were of
a sad and heart-rending character. Strong men and women and helpless little
children lay sick and ilying. The dead, the dying, and the sick in the same
house — often in the same room, sometimes in the same bed — presenting a pitiful
sight, one well calculated to affect the heart and soul of the most callous.
Many of the poorer jieople who were sick were suffering for supplies and
necessary attention. These were dreadful sights, not soon to be effaced from
memory.
At the suggestion of Dr. Paul H. Otey, which was at once indorsed l)y
Health Officer Erskine and others, a telegram was sent by the United States
collector of internal revenue, and the postmaster of the city to Hon. G. W.
iMeCreary, Secretary of War, to which an answer was received from the Secre-
tary, ordering one thousand tents to be sent from Evansville, Indiana. Another
telegram was sent by the same gentleman asking for rations. The idea is to
send the poor people out of the city and form encampments at such eligible
places as can be .secured. The Bluff City Grays, a white militia company, vol-
unteered to act as a guard for one of the camps (Joe Williams, so named after
a physician who died during the epidemic of 1873). The IMcClellan Guards
(colored) also volunteered. The services of both companies were accepted.
On August 16th quarantine was raised, people and freight being enaljled to
get to Memphis by rail or river, all restrictions having been removed. Those
who were found sick on arrival were removed to'the hospital.
A joke is told on Brownsville, which town had quarantined IMemphis. Tlie
citizens refused to permit a barrel of gin and several barrels of carljolic acid,
shipped from Memphis, to be delivered in town before they were thoroughly
disinfected.
Hundreds of people now adopted the plan of leaving the city at sun-down,
going out into the suburbs to sleep, and returning to business in the morning.
The outgoing railway trains continued to be crowded, and vehicles were in
demand to carry people out the dirt roads to the countrv.
It is estimated that from 15,000 to 20,000 white people fled from this city
l)y the 18th of August.
Mary Sloan, a white woman who had been nursing yellow fever patients,
was arrested, and locked up at the station-house, on the charge of drunkenness.
Sonn after, she developed symptoms of fever, and was sent to the hos]Mtal.
The mattresses in the cell were burned and the cell and surroundings
disinfected,
148
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
In response to a telegram sent on Monday, August 20tli, by Mayor Flippin
and othei's, asking for rations for the poor, a response was received the following
day from Geo. W. McCreary, Secretary of War, at Washington, stating that
orders had been issued to send rations for 2,000 people for twenty days, upon
the ground that the city Avas unable to secure relief for the sutierers irom
public charity.
Three persons were reported who had brought yellow fever upon themselves
by indulging in drunkenness. After a drunk the stomach and entire system is
out of order, which places the unfortunate inebriate in a too favorable condition
to take the fever. Above all acts of imprudence, drunkenness should be avoided.
Cases of fever appeared in the southern portion of the citj^, on August 21st,
at different places. The physicians believe that in these cases the disease was
contracted in the infected districts.
President Langstatf, of the Howard Association, received the following on
August 21st: —
" Husband is dead. Please send or come down, as I am in need. I do n't
know how to get him buried. If you would help me, I could work for you all.
Please do n't say you can't, if possible. Mrs. ."
The Howards immediately made arrangements to have the dead husband buried,
and responded with aid to the above appeal.
Captain Jno. C. Forbes died at the city hospital on the evening of August
22d, whither he had been taken a victim of the fever, with which during three
visitations he had battled as a member of the St. Andrew's Societj', and, lastly,
of the Howard Association. W^ule nursing Mr. Campbell and his wife, on
Alabama Street, he also visited all the fever-stricken patients in that worst part
{,{ the infected district, and finally accepted the dangerous post of supei'intend-
ent of the distribution depot of the Howard Association, the duties of which
he had been discharging but a few days when the scourge seized him, and he
died after three days' illness. All that was possible, and the care of one of our
best physicians, was done for him, but to no purjiose. Though a man of vig-
orous frame, he succumbed. To the last the work he had uearest to heart
asserted itself in speech. A little girl of seven years of age— a fever patient
• — on being taken into the same ward, he gave minute directions as to her
treatment, and when she died and was carried forth for burial, he said, "I
have lost my life." This expression he repeated many times to those who
visited him, and to whom he had endeared himself by many noble exhibi-
tions of that quality of heart which Christ promised reward for in the words:
" Forasmuch as ye have done it unto the least of these my brethren, ye have
done it unto me." In view of his good Samaritan work and the hope of this
text, we lose sight of the short-comings, the frailties, and infirmities of the man,
and sorrow for one who bravely and unselfishly went about the Master's work,
succoring the sick, and bringing aid and comfort to those who were in sick-
ness and distress.
The Sisters of Charity could be found daily and nightly visiting the sick and
afflicted.
But few nnigistrates could be found in the city by August 22d. They had
taken a change of venue to other localities.
The telegraph operators were about worked down, so great was the additional
amount of work which they already had to do.
On August 22d, the Board of Health passed a resolution urging all who
could to leave the city, as the only hope of checking the spread of the fever
was by depopulation.
Camp Joe Williams assumed the air and proportions of a military encamp-
ment. Men, Momen, and children enjoyed themselves, and were pleased with
the prospect of being safe from yellow fever.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
149
Avalanche, August 23d. — "The smile of nature beamed mockingly in the
bright sunshine, and the gently-blowing winds ))reathed softly over this plague-
stricken city. . . . Despite the dazzling light, the darkest of shadows en-
wrapped street and alley, highway and l)yway — the unseen shadow of disease
and death. . . . The roll of stricken ran up alarmingly, and stout hearts
began to shiver. . . . Brave men are fighting the plague with a heroism
that can not be surpassed."
The colored citizens became alarmed over the fact that many of their race
were do^vn sick with the fever, they not being exempt from the I'avages of the
scourge. The colored people were cautioned that their houses and premises be
kept clean and properly disinfected daily with carbolic acid ; that they should
also be more prudent in their diet ; in fact, that they should observe all the
rules of health which were observed by large numbers of white people.
John Roush, one of our leading mechanics, a man of great energy and skill
in his business, succumbed to the fever, and died, August 23d. Mr. Roush
served one term' in the legislature, and had been for some years a very active
jiolitician, especially among his fellow-Germans. He came to Alemphis imme-
diately after the war, through which he served in the Federal army, and by
industry and perseverance made himself an enviable place in the ])ublic esteem
as an e.xample of what integrity, united to industry, can accomplish.
The Board of Health, August 23d, declared tlie yellow fever epidemic in
the city. The fever l)r(>ke over the line on that day, and appeared at many
points south of Madison Street. The circle of the infected district was thus
extended.
The heavy medical report of August 24th, 106 new cases, caused hundreds
of citizens to fly to the country. This was the last great panic and hegira.
The Appeal, of the morning of the 24th. — " Up to six o'clock yesterday
evening, three hundred and six ca>es of yellow fever had been reported, and
ninety-three deaths. . . . We all know the effect of fear upon those who,
yielding to it, fled the city at the first announcement of yellow fever; how
much more severe must be its effect upon those taken with the disease. They
give up all heart and hope, and yielding to the fear inspired by the oft-re-
peated assertion that ' they all die,' make no eflbrt to rally from the disease,
and die as much from fright as from the plague. To what an alarming ex-
tent the fears of the people of Jtlemphis have been excited it would be impos-
sible to tell, and it would be equally impossible to say liow much it has had
to do in making the death-list and working the sorrow, the penury, want, and
destitution which tlie Howard and other benevolent associations and the Citi-
zens' Relief Committee have been and are trying to mitigate. . . . Instead
of denying hope to ourselves, we should do eveiy thing to inspire it, and, in-
stead of asserting that all who take the fever have no chance <jf recovery, we
sliould labor for it as if we had the assurance that in some remedies, in attent-
ive and judicious nursing and skillful medical attendance, it can l)e found."
Two of the saddest cases of fever reported were .those of ]Mrs. John D.)no-
vau and ]Mrs. Beno Hollcnberg. The former, twelve hours after being taken,
was delivered of a still-boru babe, and the latter o-ave birth to a fine healthv
child.
From the 1st of August to six o'clock on the 2()th, 573 cases of yellow fevei-
had been reported to the Board of Health, of which number 160 had died, and
about forty had convalesced, leaving 373 still sick. Our only hope for an
al)atement of the disease lies in the ability of the city government to compel,
the people — white and black— who still remain to leave for the ca:ni)s. We
need more nurses and physicians. After dark, it was impossible to find, nv,
if found, to secure the services of a doctor. In addition to this, it was found
almost impossible to get medicine after night-flxU.
150
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOAV FEVER.
Among the new cases reported August 26th, were Sisters Veronica and
Dominica, of La Salette Academy.
Little Jimmie Winters, aged six years, was found lying on a door-step at
the corner of Exchange and Front Streets, on the morning of August 26th,
suffering with the fever. His story was, that he came in fi'om the camp look-
ing for his brother, whom he did not find. He was carried to the hospital.
Mrs. Bennett and her daughter, of the family of Charles Bennett, the
bricklayer, at No. 101 Robeson Street, was stricken with the fever on the 26 th
of August. Mr. Bennett and his son left home a few days prior, the latter
saying they were going to Cincinnati, and had not been heard from since.
A colored woman declared herself insulted, one day late in August, because
an item of the rations awarded her at the commissary depot was, as she termed
it, " nasty, ole, greasy bacon." She said : " Dey 'se got some nice streak o' lean
and streak o'fat dar, but dey gi me dat ole stuff, fat enough to kill a hog."
A citizen coming into the city, on Poplar Street, was nearly sickened by a
nauseating stench proceeding from a building near the bayou bridge, west of
the market-house. He went into the building from which the stench proceeded,
and bursting in the door of a room, he discovei'ed the dead body of its occu-
pant lying on the bed, in a decomposed condition, where it had, evidently, been
laying for four or five days. It was the body of a barber, who formerly occu-
pied the lower floor as a barber-shop. The room presented a sickening sight.
The remains were wrapped in a sheet, encofiiiied, and interred the same day.
The fate of the Donovan fixmily occasioned much comment, in which I\Ir.
Donovan, who was formerly held in high esteem and exercised considerable
influence, politically and socially in this community, was severely censured for
positively refusing to return to his family when notified that his wife and chil-
dren were stricken down with the fever. Mrs. Donovan gave bii'th to a still-
born child, and, soon after, died herself; one of her children died the same
day. Mr. Donovan was notified by telegraph, but coolly responded with in-
structions concerning the burial of the corpses, but still remained awa3^ An-
other of the children died, but Mr. Donovan remained at Brownsville, fifty
miles away.
Annie Cook, who kept the noted demi-moiule establishment, the Mansion-
liouse, discharged all her female inmates, and taking yellow-fever patients in her
elegantly furnished rooms — being herself an expert in the management of the
disease — she personally superintended the nursing of all the patients.
Avalanche, August 28th. — "It is blue, very blue. The record of j-esterday
shows only a passage from liad to worse. . . . The plague is as great a
gourmand as ever, and was only gorged by ninety-six new cases in the city.
Total deaths in the city, thirty-two."
The Appeal of August 28th. — "Ninety-six new cases and thirty-two deaths
from yellow fever are the appalling reports from the books of the Board of
Health. . . . The close, damp, disagreeable weather is increasing its rav-
ages, and the scarcity of nurses and physicians is leaving the cases entirely
:at the mercy of the disease. Several of the nurses have been stricken down
already. It is blood-curdling to listen to the details of the heart-rending inci-
dents encountered by the visiting nurses in various parts of the cit}-. . . .
To-day the nurses reported at the Board of Health office, two, three, and four
corpses in one house, the undertakers not being able to bury them. . . .
One of the remarkable features of the disease, as it jirevails now, is, that
whole families liave been swept out of existence — father, mother, and children
liave followed each other in rapid succession to the grave, and in some in-
stances several members of a family are lying dead at the same time, hav-
ing died almost within the same hour. This was the case in sevei'al instances
in what was known as the ' infected district.' "
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
151
The labors of Butler P. Anderson, at Grenada, were witliout a ])arallel in
the history of epidemics. He nfit only nursed cases himself, but supervised all
the philanthropic laborers, and, for a time, actually administered the atiairsof
the plague-stricken town. A hero among heroes, he carried hojie and comfort
to a people without either, and, from the chaos and confusion incident to so
fearful a visitation, brought the order and system to which the few who sur-
vive the fever owe tlieir lives. Like many another brave soldiei', he was, at
last, beaten by the enemy, and stricken with the fever.
Mr. Denie, by direction of the Board of Health, threw five hundi'ed barrels
of unslacked lime into the bayou, which he reported to be in a condition
filthy beyond belief. He stated that the negro men he employed to do the
work threatened to leave him, so horrilile was the stench created by stirring
up tlie f )ul water. He, however, prevailed upon them to keep on.
Of the 119 new cases of yellow fever reported in the twenty-four hours end-
ing at six o'clock, August 28l1i, thirty were colored people, and yet negroes
were to be seen at any and all hours of the day, in the alleys and back-ways,
gorging themselves with watermelons and all sorts of unwholesome trash.
The absence of funeral processions, which contril)uted much to the horror of
the epidemic of 1873, was noted. The dead were conveyed to the various
burying places as quietly as possiljle, and the public were thus relieved of the
one harrowing exhibition of sorrow.
The fever record of August 29th was one to make the stoutest heart quail.
Briefly stated, it was 140 new cases — forty of them colored — and seventy
deaths, twenty-four of them colored. This surpassed the worst of the terrible
days of 1873, the deaths being fifteen in numl;er more than was announced on
the tenth of October, the worst day of that year. When it is remendjered
that the white population was less than that during the epidemic of 1873, by
perhaps 5,000, and that at least 2,000 negroes had left the city, these figures
became truly appalling.
Avalanche, August 30th, written midnight, 29th. — "We are doomed. It is
hard, as we write in this dark, dismal niglit of death, not to realize the full
meaning of that brief sentence. . . . Scarcely any are left, but those who
are crowding down personal care, in the noble purposes of others' good. . . .
To die for man is to imitate the greatest event in the history of our globe, it
is to imitate the death of the Savior of the world. . . . Seventy dead and
one hundred and forty new cases ! God help us ! If hope were not worn to
a skeleton, if she had not taken herself to prayer, we might find a sjxark to
kindle a weak glow of light in this impenetrable darkness, and expect that
the heavy shower of to-day would wash from the air, from the gutter, and
from the bayou a part of tiie foul pestilential air which is breeding death.
The horrors of the hour can not l)e told, even if tlie heart did not sicken at
the task ! "
It is Ijelieved that the sudden In'eaking out of the fever in tlie jail was caused
by the incarceration of infected prisoners, and not from any lack of attention
to the rigid sanitary regulations which characterized the management of that
institution.
JMrs. Newman, of 128 Washington Street, died August 30ih, ai;d willed all
her worldly goods to the children of a friend, and was buried by the county
undertaker, at her own request.
Great sympathy was expressed for General W. J. Smith, First Yice-Pies-
ident of the Howard Association, in the loss of bis son, a bereavement which
adds to his trials and makes his burden heavy indeed.
The illness of Chief of Police Athy, which occurred on the last day of
August, was a severe blow in those critical times.
Among the number of shocking incidents of daily occurrence, that of the
152
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
fate of Dr. K. P. Watson, -was perhajjs the most horrible. Dr. Watson was
an efficient worker, both as physician and nurse, during the epidemic of 1873;
and when the fever broke out in 1878, he entered the field again, and devoted
himself and his talents to the work of staying the i-avages of the disease. He
made no boast of the work he was doing, nor stojiped to discuss the nature of the
l^estileuce, but wherever he found sufiering he worked with all his energy to
alleviate it. Finally he was missed, but it was thought that he had followed
the spread of the disease into other quarters of the city. Sergeant JNIcElrov,
of the Signal Service, who worked like a Trojan, doing all in his power to help
the sick and distressed, happened to be passing by No. 56^ Second Street, and
Avas told that there was something wrong there ; that in all probability a dead
body lay in there. Without hesitation he kicked the door in, when he beheld
a sickening sight. There lay the corpse of Dr. Watson, on an old mattress on
the floor, no bedstead or other furniture excejDt a single chair and a table.
Being personally acquainted with Dr. Watson, he thought he recognized his
features, and a closer examination confirmed his first impressions. Diligent
inquiry in the neighborhood failed to elicit any information as to when or why
he came there, how long ago, or any thing that could give a clue to his myste-
rious death. The condition of the corpse and surrounding circumstances told
the story too truly. He had been seized with a violent attack of the fever, and
during the attendant delirium, he had crept into the place, where he may have
lingered for days, or it may have been only for hours, finally dying unattended
by nurse or physician, not even a friend to smooth his dying pillow. His name
appeared among the interments of August 31st.*
A man named Myers kept a second-hand clothing and dyeing establishment
on Washington Street, between Main and Second Streets. Some one entered
his place August 31st, and found him lying dead on the floor; no one could
find out how long he had been in that condition. He bore evident marks of
having died with the fever, without any attention whatever.
A iwor woman was found on Main Street, near the Louisville Depot, in a
miserable hut, sitting stiff", stark dead in a chair, with a dead child hanging by the
nipple of her left breasjt on which it had closed its little gums as it breathed its
last. Another child was lying in a pallet just breathing, and died a few mo-
ments after the entrance of the Howard visitor, who said the walls, floor and
every thing in the room was covered with black vomit and excreta, the sight as
well as smell being sickening in the extreme. Mother and children were buried
in the same box.
On Poplar Street the remains of an old woman were found so far gone that
tliej^ were gatiiered — putrid water and festering flesh — into the carpet on which
they vvei'e lying, and so lifted into a box, in which she was buried in potter's
field.
Another of the noble Howards was buried on Sunday, Sejitember 1st ; Ed.
Mansford, who, in 1873, and through the last epidemic, until two days before
he died, was conspicuous for his untiring energy in a work but for which the
poor Avould have no succor, passed away peacefully as Sunday morning dawned.
His woik was done. He had fought the good fight ; henceforth there was for
him the crown of martyrdom. He came out from the ranks of the peojile a
* This was subsequently contradicted, but the person who originally made the report
adhered to it until he died. Sergeant ]McElroy, signal service officer at this station, was
the person. A more honorable or faithful soldier never served his country. He nursed
the sick and braved all the perils of the times, doing all that a man coidd to mitigate the
sorrow and trouble that surrounded him. He fought, in the regular army, all through
the civil war, had encountered the Indians on the plains many times, and passed
throigh one epidemic of yellow fever in New Orleans, but his last campaign (the epi-
demic), he assured the writer, comljined the horrors of them all.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
153
mere jirivate, he went to his grave acknowledged as a leader among those who
were not afraid to die that others niigiit live.
AvalancJie, September 1st. — " The King of Terroi's continues to snatch vic-
tims with feai-fui rapidity. . . . But three short weeks ago our city was
active with business of all classes, our people were happy and prosperous. . . .
Now our streets are deserted, our stores and residences empty, and out of a
2Dopulation of more than fifty thousand, l^arely five thousand remain, and of
those nearly five hundred are in the grave, and perhaps double that number
lie suffering with racking pains and burning fevers."
Appeal, September 1st. — " We believe the new cases of yesterday will i-each
two huiidreil (reported one hundred and fifty-two). The region of the city
known as the 'infected district' is now so nearly depojtulated by death and
desertion, that but few cases are being reported from that quarter, but the
great increase in numbers from the Ninth Ward (noi-thern part of the city,
called Chelsea) shows that the contagion has taken a firmer gvasp in that lo-
cality. The Seventh Ward (south-east part) is also rolling up considerable
numbers of new crises, as is also the Fifth Ward (north of the Seventh),
where it is making frightful havoc among the colored ])eople. There is still
great need of physicians."
The name of N. D. Menkin, who passed away September 2d, will never be
forgotten by the people of Memphis. He died at his post, a noble example of
zeal and courage on a field where many brave men had fallen before him. He
might, like many others of his class, have sought safety in flight, but he pre-
ferred to share the lot of the people to whom he was known as an honorable,
enterprising merchant, whose money seconded every suggestion he ever made in
the public interest. Early in the fight he saw that few of the public men or
noted merchants would remain to lead the small eomi)any who proposed to do
the good Samaritan work of nursing the sick, burying the dead, and caring for
the impoverished ; he therefore volunteered, and first, as the leader of a little
band of his co-religionists, and afterward as a Howard, he went about, day and
night, doing good, carrying comfort to sick-rooms, provisions to the destitute,
and surpervising with all the energy of his nature the W(jrk of a district where
the fever was raging at its worst.
A colored man was pi'ostrated, September 2d, on the corner of Fifth and
Saffarans Streets, in Chelsea. He was seen to fall by Captain A. T. Lacey,
who went to him and found him insensible. Captain Lacey reported the case
to the health office, and an ambulance w^as sent for him, but he was dead when
it got there.
Innumerable complaints were made at the health office, September 2d,
about corpses lying unburied, some of them having been dead thirty-six and
forty-eight hours. Undertaker Walsh declared his inalnlity to get material for
coffins, or laborers to dig graves.
Avalandie, September 3d. — "The fever has spread rapidly to the soutliern
part of the city. Fort Pickering is full of it. Chelsea (noi'thern \rdvt) is
covered with sick people, There is now no ])art of the corpoi-ate limits of
the city not thoroughly infected with the fever poison. All of Sunday and
yesterday hearses followed each other at a trot to the cemetery, unattended
by any but the drivers. Even tliis was not fast enough, and corpses accumu-
lated in various parts of the city, until the fl-arfid stench Ijecame alarmingly
offensive."
Eev. Dr. A. Thomas, pastor of the Oerman Free Protestant Clunvh, of
this city, died, September 3d, of yellow fever, after a very short illness. Dr.
Thomas was one of the noble army of martyrs, and since the breaking out of
the fever had devoted himself entirely to the sick and afHicted of his parish.
None were more earnest and self-denying than he, and his death was a severe
154
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
loss to the city, as well as to the religious community of which he was the light
and guide.
The death of Mr. R. A. Thompson, one of the editors and proprietors of the
Avalanche, and postmaster cif the city, occurred September 3d, and was the
result of an attack of yellow fever. Mr. Thompson came to Memphis toward
the close of the war, and was first engaged on tlie Bulletin as local, and subse-
quently as commercial, editor. In 1^66, he was offered the position of com-
mercial editor of the Avalanche, which he accepted, and has ever since been
identified witli the fortunes of tliat paper. In 1875, he became one of the
proprietors, and, a few months before his death, was confirmed postmaster. He
possessed and was guided by a great many of the intuitions which are prized by
the true journalist, was useful in every branch of the profession, was a good
business man, and fully justified the good opinion of a large circle of friends,
by whom his death was regretted and his memory cherished.
Henry Stillman, at one time connected with the Ledger office, as engineer,
was found dead in a residence on Broadway Street, in South Memphis, Septem-
ber 3d. He had probably been dead three or four days.
Butler Anderson's death was announced in the Apj^eal in these terms: No
nobler spirit ever went out through death to life than that of Butler P. An-
derson. He was of the stuff of wdiich heroes are made. Large, open, gener-
ous, and self-sacrificing, intelligent as to the risks he ran, but counting them
nothing when compared with the magnitude and character of the work to be
done, he went down to Grenada when the call was first made upon us for help,
and before we had even tasted of the sorrow with which our cup has been
filled to overflowing many times since. He went cheerfully and willingly to
the people of that once happy little town, and for them, during five weeks of
almost unparalleled misery, he was as father and brother and husband, fill-
ing all places of relationship, and of social or political influence, the one de-
pendence of a people dazed in presence of the awful fact of the yellow fever. His
labors were incessant, but he performed them with an alacrity that was an in-
spiration to all those about him, and, while thus burdened, he Avent his rounds,
carrying judicious advice for the sick, bearing cheering hope to the despondent,
and inspiring those who, nerveless from despair, were giving way under the
gloom which had settled over a once beautiful town. He was every thing to
the Grenadians, and his must be to them the one specially cherished name
above all others, bright and luminous as that of a hero who dies for his fellow-
men. Here, wiiere he was tried in 1873, and whei-e he grew to proportions in
the public esteem from which he never aiterward fell away, we deeply deplore
his loss.
The dead body of a negro woman was found at No. 13 Commerce Street,
Se])teraber 3d, her living babe trying to nurse from her putrid breast.
Visitor Anderson, of the Howards, September 4th, found J. Riviere in a dy-
ing condition at No. 81 Main Street. He was alone, stark naked, and literally
covered with flies.
The Ledger, of September 4th, has the following : " "We regret to learn that
our brethren of the press of this city are sorely pressed for help. Our after-
noon contemporary has been obliged to suspend altogether. Mr. J. M. Keat-
ing, assisted by Mr. W. S. Brooks, has all the labor and responsibility of run-
ning the Appeal on his own shoulders. Mr. Henry White has charge of the
business department, as usual. Of the Avalanche editorial force only Captain
W. L. Trask remains. He is assisted, at night, by Mr. R. R. Catron, the as-
siduous, accurate, and untiring agent of the Associated Press, who has like-
wise, in his spare moments, befriended the Ledger with his services. IMr. F.
B. Nichols, one of the proprietors, looks after the business of the Avalanche.
The typographical force of these papers is reduced correspondingly. These
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
155
gentlemen are steady to their posts, with noble fidelit}' to duty and the public
good."
Avalanche, September 5th. — "Great God! How his murderous work has
increased ! Those that ai'e left are busy bui'ying their dead ; those that are
left may be taken to-morrow. . . . Impotence lies at the feet of Omnipo-
tence, and grovels there in the du.-t. Yesteiday's record is run up, and in all
its blackness lifts its death's head and defies the best plague that ever did a
job of slaying among the children of men. . . . Who has the heart to
use the multiplication table in the arithmetic of sorrow, and figure out the
hearts broken, the lives embittered, the houses desolated? . . . Surely
our cup of sorrow must be full. Black as the dead list is, to-day, in our city,
it fails to represent all those ready for burial yesterday. The county under-
taker has four furniture wagons busy all day. Ujion each the coffins were
piled as high as safety from falling would permit. These four great vehicles,
doing the wholesale burial business, fliiled to take to the potter's field all of
the indigent dead. At the time the officer made his report sixty bodies were
awaiting interment. . . . The ])lagiie's course is surely and quickly toward
the south. In the suburbs cases have appeared on every avenue almost, in
many places deemed spots of perfect safety."
September 5th, Annie Cook, the keeper of a bagnio on Gayoso Street, wdio
had most heroically devoted herself to the care of the sick since the fever set
in, was down with a bad case of the fever.
September 5th, owing to the fiict that Mrs. Brooks, wife of Mr. W. S.
Bi-ooks, of the Appeal editorial staff, had been taken down with the fever, Mr.
J. M. Keating was alone on duty. Captain Fred. Brennan, city editor, Avas
still lying in a precarious condition. All but one of the printers of the Ap-
peal were absent or down with the fever. The one present was INIr. Henry
Moode, who, besides setting type, hail to assist Mr. Richard Smith in superin-
tending the printers' infirmary, and was, consequently, absent a good deal dur-
ing working hours.
September 5th, Mrs. Butler P. Anderson was taken down with fever. It
had been hoped that slie would have been spared to her children. The noble
wife of a noble husband, she has the sympathies of the people of ]\Iemphis.
A man named Charles Gibson, who officiated as a nurse, was called to at-
tend a family on Hernando Street, all stricken with the fisver. The mother
was found dying, with a babe at her breast, the father in a comatose condition,
and three children sick, all in the same room. One child, being well, was
sent to the orphan asylum. The fixther, mother, and two of the children, in-
cluding the sucking babe, died during the day, and the third child it was ex-
pected would die during the night, having had the black vomit. The next
morning Howard visitors came, and upon inquiry learned that the child was
convalescing. The next day he got up, and recovered.
Dr. Pritchard was called upon to visit a negro in Fort Pickering, who was
said to be very low. On reaching the dying man, he found him prone on the
earthen floor of a mud cabin, in a comatose state, his extremities cold, and evi-
dently in the last pangs of dissolution. His wife and mother were dead in the
room, and it seemed almost inevitable that the husband and son must so(m fol-
low. The doctor, however, took hold of his case, and in three days he was
out. He is now a roistering roustabout on the river.
While the largest proportion of those wlio died fell by disease, this was not
the sole cause of the immense deatli rate. The constant nervous strain im-
posed, the uninterrupted labors to which the well were subjected, and the con-
tinued apprehension felt, were powei'ful causes in increasing the daily lists..
To these can be added the negligence, inattention, and inebriety of nurses who
were prompted in their labors by the hope of reward alone.
156
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
The body of a negro woman, name unknown, was found back of the Appeal
office in an out-house, defaced lieyond recognition, and half the body eaten by
rats, hundreds of which were lying dead near by. The yellow fever jiroved
too much for them, at least in that shape.
Avalanche, September 6th. — "New cases in the city, only thirt}'-six reported
(several physicians not reporting). Deaths, ninety-two. The physicians have
no time to make out lists of new cases, so the reporter has to search for him-
sslf . . . Verbal reports show at least one hundred and fifty new cases
not officially reported."
Tliere were but five operators on duty at the telegraph office September 6th —
the chief auil one a-sistant by day, and the chief and two assistants by night.
September 5th, a singular-looking genius made his appearance on Main
Street, dressed in a semi-Greek costume, with a large sponge tied about his
neck. He kept to the middle of the street, and attracted the attention and
excited the risibilities of the few bystanders.
A physician who died of fever, when first taken, called on a neighbor, on
whose family he had waited like a brother, but the neighbor made no i-esponse,
and the good doctor passed away, filled with mortification at the conduct of
Ills one-time friend, who in a few days sickened and died, too.
The force was so small at the post-office, that some of the letter-carriers
were called in.
Mr. W. S. Brooks, of the Appeal editorial corps, was taken down with the
fever September 6th. He stood to his post to the last, doing all that he
could to assist in getting out the paper. Enough can not be said in praise of
his courage and devotion to duty.
Avalamhe, September 7th. — "Total new cases reported in the city, ninety-
five. Deaths, one hundred. These new cases were reported by eight physi-
cians only. Verbal reports from twenty-three more (out of duty) reported
three hundred cases. Dr. Mitchell (jMedical Director) gave it as his opinion,
at eleven o'clock last night, that the new cases would aggregate for yesterdny
(sick who had not seen a doctor before) fully six hundred. It is terribly dark,
as the record reads to-day."
Avalanche, September 8th. ^ — "Total new cases in the city, reports very
meager. Deaths reported, , ninety seven. Another black leaf turned! An-
other chapter in our book of misery turned! As castaways on desert isle each
day for occupation's sake enter up in their 'log' the monotonous record of
the dreary day, so we sit down to our log-book to-night. . . . The day's
record is horrible. The few new cases reported are not a tithe of those which
have occurred. . . . The nurses in two more days can not attend one-half
the sick."
Appeal, Sept. 8th. — Rev. C. C. Parsons, rector of Grace and St. Lazarus
churches, died Sept. 7th, after six days of fever. From the first day of the epi-
demic he labored incessantly among his parishioners, knowing no rest so long as
there was good to be done. Mr. Parsons was a graduate of West Point, and
served during the war in tlie Federal army distinction, rising to the rank
of lieutenant-colonel of artillery, which he surrendered to take a place in the
raidcs of the ministry of the Episcopal Ciiurch. He was first settled in charge
of a parish, we believe, in New Jersey, then in New York, whence he came to
this city al)out three years ago. He was not long in making his way to the
hearts of our people. All classes learned to love and confide in him, and to
look to him as one of tlie most gentle of Christian ministers. He was chap-
lain of the Chickasaw Guards, and was beloved by his comrades as the unit
of all that was strong, noble, manly, refined, and Christ-Hke. His loss was
deeply deplored, not alone by tlie members of his own, but by those of other
communions by whom he was beloved.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
157
Sister Alphonsa, Mother Superior of St. Agnes, died on September 6th.
Slie was the seventh of her order that succumbed to the dreaded scourge.
Mrs. Butler P. Anderson died at Hernando, Mississippi, and Captain J.
Harvey iNIathes, editor of the Ledger, was talieu down with the fever Sep-
tember 7th.
Most of the drug-stores were closed hy Septemlicr 7th, very much to the in-
convenience of the doctors, and to the endangering of the lives of the sick.
Druggists, like doctors, owe it to the public to stand to their posts at a time
like tliat; but if they do not, they must expect to see others take their
places.
A. J. Wheeler, past grand master of IMasons of this State, and editor and
proprietor of the Masonic Jewel, died September 7th, of yellow fever. Mr.
Wheeler had devoted himself unflinchingly to the work of succoring the sick —
not only of the craft, of which he was a distinguished light, but of all societies
and conditions, and literally worked himself down.
Appeal, September 7th. — "To lose over 1,200 men, Avomen, and children in
twentv-seven days, out of a population of 19,000 white and black, and to be
expending over §10,01)0 for 1,200 nurses and forty doctors, and for medi-
cines and food, for more than 3,000 sick and 10,000 indigent, was a sad
reality, enough to move even a Stoic to tears. But besides this there comes
the tales of individual sorrow ; of whole families swept away in a Aveek,
leaving not even one of the name ; of nui-ses dying at their ]30sts ; of priests
and ministers and good sisters following tliose they succored so fast as to
ap[)all the stoutest heart and 'give us pause' amid the general wreck and ruin.
No pen can do these scenes and sights justice; no tongue exaggerate them.
Lisping childhood, hoary and venerable old age, the vagrant and the mer-
chant, the man of God and the unbeliever, all are taken, all are claimed
alike by the awful pestilence. It thins all ranks, and brings sorrow to
the mansion, tlie cottage and the cabin. The cry of the fatherless was heard
every hour, claiming the pity, the sympathy, and the tears of the most hard-
ened veteran. In this office, as we write, there are but two left of all who a
month ago were employed in the editorial, counting-, and composing-rooms, and
our pressman is down with the fever. Strangers to the office, as to the busi-
ness, are attending to our affairs, while the only editor left on duty alternates,
through sixteen hours a day, between his desk and a case. This is our per-
sonal measure of the dreadful epidemic, and surely it is a sad one. It has
moved us to tears many a time the past ten days, although we are not used to
the melting mood. Our experience is one v,e will never forget, and it is a
common on?. The fifth epidemic we have passed through, this surpasses them
all in the horrors it has uncovered. Men have dropped deafl on the streets,
while others have died neglected, only to be discovererl l)y the death-sjireading
gases from their ho lies. Little children clamoring for tiie fo'.'d she could no
longer give, have appealed to the dead mother, wlio gave up her spirit as she
gave birth to her last, in an agony of tiie fever. jMinistere of the gospel car-
rying messages of peace, hurrying from house to house, have iiad their weary
feet arrested and their work stayed liv the pestilence that walks in the noon-
day as at night. The priest, administering the extreme unction, and the bride
of Christ, wiping the death-damp from tiie foreliead of those whose friends
and kinfolk are far away, are almost ]>ara!yzed in the sacred act, and die even
before we know they are sick. The business of tlie hour is the succor of the
sick, the burial of the dead, and the care of the needy living. The last words
of those who are well, are at night fai-ewells to the dead, and the fii-st in the
morning ' who lives, and who has died?' All day, and every honr of the day,
this question is repeated and the heart sickens at the rejiorts, and the soul grows
weary over the repetition. And yet there is no relief nor any release. "W^orse
153
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
and worse tlie epidemic has grown, until to-day it has capped the climax, and
the hearts of the brave men who have stood in the breach are blanched with
fear, with a dread that annihilation awaits us, and that we are destined to be
blotted from the earth. Fear sits on every face and dread on every heart.
We work, not in the shadow, but in the very face of death. We meet him on
every hand and at every moment in the names of his victims and in the deso-
lation he has spread about us. Hope, we have none. We despair of any re-
lief, but we are nerved for the end. AVe pray blessings upon the generous who
have helped us in all the States ; we pray for the safety of those who have
come among us to nurse the sick and minister to the dying, and we ask that the
names of the women and the men wlio have laid down tlieir lives for us shall
be handed down forever as among the brightest and best of the earth."
September 8th, Dr. Willett, in medical charge of the Catholic La Salette
Academy, reported as convalescent Sisters Dominica, Cecelia, Alberta, and
Eeginald. All tiiese were reported dangerously ill at one time.
September 8th, another of the horrifying incidents, which startle people at
home as well as abroad, and leave one dazed with amazement that human
beings can be so cowardly, occurred on one of the streets of the originally
infected district. A man and his wife and one child occupying a nice home,
saw their little girl taken down witii the fever, whereupon the wife, full of the
heroism of which her sex had made so many displays during this ejjidemic,
advised the husband to leave, which he did without delay, and from a house
only across the street saw the bodies of his child and faithful wife carried by
strangers for interment in Elmwood Cemetery.
At Camp Joe Williams a woman was taken sick, who, with her husband,
had been occupying snug-looking quarters. When she was being taken to the
hospital the physician remarked to the husband that he could follow to nurse
her. He demurred, and repeatedly objected, when finally, all but overcome
by the doctoi-'s importunities, he, pointing to the dog, said: "No; if I goes,
who takes care of my dog ?" The brute should have been kicked out of camp
right then. He is not fit to live.
September 8th, another sickening case of desertion came to light. A man
named Townsley lost a child by fever, immediately after the funeral of which
his wife and little daughter Florence, twelve years of age, were taken. la
despair he told the neighbors he was going to make away with himself, and
has not since been heard of. After he thus basely deserted his wife, she died
and was buried, and his little Florence and his youngest child, a boy, were
wards in the infirmary.
IMrs. Brooks, wife of W. S. Brooks, of the Appeal, was buried Septem-
ber 8t]i, Mr. J. ]M. Keating and Eugene Moore alone forming the funeral
pai-ty.
John T. Moss, September 9th, found three little girls in a house sick with
the fever, who had lost their parents two days before by the scourge. No one
was in the house to assist the little ones, and Mr. Moss kindly jirocured food,
medicines and a nurse for them.
Thomas Hood, a volunteer telegrapher, from Philadelphia, died Sept. 9th.
Appeal, September 9th.— Parents have deserted children, and children parents,
husbands their wives, but not one wife a husband.
Appeal, September 9th. — Let it be recorded to their credit that the negro
militia and policemen have discharged their duties zealously and with discre-
tion. We are proud of them. They proved their title to the gratitude of the
people of jNIemphis.
General Charles A. Adams, one of the ablest members of our bar, died on
September 8th, of the prevailing epidemic, after a brief illness.
Mr. Jesse Page, who had been constantly on duty with the Howards, doing
A IIISTOHY OF THE YELLOW FEVEn.
noble .service, was taken with tlie fever Se])tember 10th. He burled his father
and brother, wlio died of the same disease, only a few day.s before.
Appeal, September 10th. — Dr. Mitcliell reports that 68(3 new cases of yellow
fever have been reported to him hy the physicians employed by the Howard
Association for the forty-eight hours eml)racing Sunday and Monday. If le-
ported to him, why not to tlie Board of Health, charged with the duty of
compiling statistics of the growth, as well as results, of the disease ? The })u])-
lic demands that the names and residences of all new cases shall be given, and
we have urged that duty u\yim all the physicians, Dr. Erskine, the health offi-
cer, threatening, by public advertisement, the full penalties of the law for
every case of neglect to report. In the face of this, we have here a statement
of 686 new cases for forty-eight hours, for which time the Board of Health re-
ports only 137. This does not look well, to say the least of it. We ai)peal
to Dr. ]\Iitchell to see that the physicians under his directions make reports to
the Board of Health promptly. We must all of us ol)ey the law to the letter.
Appeal, September 10th. — Rev. E. C. Slater has gone to his reward ns a
faitiiful servant of Christ. He died yesterday. No man did more than lie in
behalf of the sick. He carried consolation to the atilicted, and bore the
blessed assurance of Jesus to the d3'ing. Night and day he traveled fi-om one
bedside to another, knowing no relief so long as there remained one unattended
wdio needed his ministration. A faithful minister of the Methodist Church, he
Avent wherever called, knowing no divisions among Christians; as he said him-
self many times, knowing "nothing but Christ, and him crucified." The
years of his ministiy in IMemphis were full of grace to him and his people,
though he passed with them through (he epidemic of 1873, and so far through
this. Endearing himself to all classes, the presiding elder of the district, yield-
ing to a general desire, left him with us as one who had done, and was still
capable of more good. Genial and full of sunshine ; gentle, but strong in his
religious convictions, he was at all times an example of the true Christian
miuister. No one ever knew him but to love him, and none can name him
but to praise.
j4rr!/a))c/)e, September 11th. — " A stricken city ! Alas, fair Memphis ! What
sights meet the eye of those who yet remain in your midst! . . . On every
side is met the bowed form of some citizen who has lost a relative or a friend.
The small burnt piles of bedding that are seen on every street but tells the
. passer-by, 'A death has occurred here.' These blackened spots are growing in
lunnber daily. . . . During the day there is bustle and confusion. Doc-
tors are hurrying by. The hearse is met on every square. . . . Each day
brings its changes. The form that but yesterday was seen in the full vigor of
manhood, to-night lies tossing upon a bed, aching with fever. . . . Who
will be left to tell the tale to-morrow?"
Appeal, Sept. 12t]i. — Annie Cook, the woman mIio, after a long life of shame,
ventured all she had of life and proprty for the sick, died Sept. 11th, of yellow
fever, which she contracted while nursing her patients. If there was virtue in the
faith of the woman who Init touched the hem of the garment of the Divine Ee-
deemer, surely the sins of this woman must have been forgiven her. Her faith
bath hiade her whole — made her one with the loving Clirist, whose example she
f jliowed in giving her life that others might live. Amid so much that was sor-
rowful to an agonizing degree, so much that illumined the giaces of a common
humanity, and so much that disgraced tliat humanity, the example of that
' brave woman stands by itself, singular but beautiful, sad but touching, the
very expression of that hope the realization of which we have in the words,
" Inasmuch as ye have done it unto the least of these my brethren, ye have
done it unto me." Out of sin, the woman, in all the tenderness and true fidl-
uess of her womanhood, meiged, transfigured and purified, to become the
160
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
liealer, and at last to come to the Healer of souls, with Him to rest forever.
vShe is at peace.
President A. D. Langstaff, of the Howard Association, one of our foremost
heroes, was taken with the fever on Wednesday morning, September 11th,
about three o'clock, after the hardest day's work he had done during the
epidemic. Perhaps it was the strain on his nervous system, consequent upon
so much work, that brouglit on the fever. Any way he was down, very much
to the sorrow of every body in the city, especially the Howard Association, to
whom he was as a tower of strength, and by whose members he was considered
equal to any work that might be devolved upon him.
Mr. Catron, local agent of the Western Associated Press, was taken witli the
fever September 11th.
Sister Vincent died, Se^Jtemher 11th, of the fever. She has done her
duty, and has gone to her reward.
Colonel Knowlton, tlie efficient assistant postmaster, who was appointed
postmaster after the death of Mr. R. A. Tiiompson, was stricken with the
fever, September 11th.
Avalanche, September 12th. — "The contest has been f.harp and decisiA'e.
The battle-ground is strewn with dead bodies, and the Grim INIonster still
advances. The aged and the young, the ricli and the poor, the high and the
lowly, all share the same fate — death. What a sight will greet the absent
ones when they return and count the little mounds tl.at have l^een raised over
the spot where the heroic garrison lie buried."
Dr. Avent, one of our best and oldest physicians, lias paid the penalty of liis
devotion to duty. He died at his residence, 309 Vance Street, September 12th.
Judge Robert Hutchinson, who was a candidate on the Democratic ticket
for Circuit Court Judge, died September 12th of the fever, at tiie residence of
Judge Halsey, on the Poplar Street Boulevard.
Captain A. T. Lacey, at one time .the most opulent merchant of Memphis,
and always a well-to-do business man, died of yellow fever, September 12th, at
his residence in Chelsea.
Appeal, September 13th. — Mr. Herbert Landrum, local editor of the
Avalanche, died SeT)tember 12th of the fever, at the residence of his parents.
Like his father, the reverend pastor of the Central Baptist Church, he knew
no fear where duty was to he performed. He stood to his post, and braved
all the terrors of the epidemic, not only performing his own accustomed
laboi's, but taking on cheerfully the load that others dropped as they
died or fled from the plague. How tenderly and with wliat watchfulness
he nursed the late Mr. Thompson, to whom he was very much attaciied,
all who knew him are cognizant of. Falling from exhaustion when his
brother editor died, he recuperated, and again took his place as the only
one of the Avalanche staff left. There he staid, doing double duty until the
fever took him. After a comparatively brief battle he succumbed, and
is now numbered with those who fell with their faces to the foe. The
most promising man in the profession, his triumphs were only limited by
the demands which each day made npon him. Quick, witt3% sparkling, and
bright, he bade fair to outshine all his contemporaries as a paragraphist and
chronicler of city affairs. He never knew a dull moment, and grasped as
eagerly the points of others as he spontaneously made those of his own. Cut
off in the bud and promise of a nseful career in a profession to which he seemed
to be born, it will be difficult to replace him. To the mental qualities and
readiness of pen which distinguished him, he added diligence and sobriety.
No man could be more earnest or more industrious. He knew what was
valuable as news by instinct, and grasped it without delay. To the members
of the profession he was always courteous, kind, and affable. They recipro-
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOAV FEVER.
IGl
cated fully his good feeling, and promptly as he won it, recognized his place
ill the profession. His death was deeply mourned, and all earnestly condoled
with ids parents upon the loss of a son who gave promise of a most useful and
honorable career.
Some of the Howai-d physicians report finding the dead bodies of negroes in
the fields in the suburbs of the city. One body, so found, was actually eateii
to the bones in many places by carri(jn birds. These negroes, no doubt, when
attacked by the fevei-, dropped, and, without the care of physician or nurse,
died neglected and alone.
Avalanche, September loth. — "In the city, 203 new cases reported, ninety-
eight deaths. The cup of sorrow has been drained to the dregs. Now we are
nerved to any fate. . . . Death has lost its terrors. It has been witnessed
so often of late, so many dear friends have been stricken, no longer is felt the
pain of the wounded and bleeding heart. The dart is endiedded and the shaft
protrudes, but the sense of feeling has gone. The eyes have wept until the
fountain Jias gone dry. . . . The undertakers find it impossible to bury
the dead fast enough. The keepers of cemeteries can not have graves dug in
time to receive the coffins brought, and often it is that sorrowing friends must
Avait until the narrow tombs can be made wdiicli is to hold the form of the
departed."
Major Stephenson, the oldest compositor in Memphis, and fir nine years
past engaged upon the Appeal, died, it is with regret said, at his residence,
Septembei-^ I3th, of yellow fever, after but a few day.s' illness. His sou was
convalescing from the fever, and two of his daughters were very ill of it— one
of them being insensible — a sad case, but one that had a hundred times been
duplicated.
Colonel Knowlton, one of the best of men, Avho succeeded the late R. A.
Thomi)son as jwstmaster, died at an early hour Septendier 14th.
One of the saddest instances of family annihilation by the epidemic is that
furnished by the Flack family. The widowed mother, two sons and four
daughters, were swept away in a few days, the last to go being Miss Louisa,
who died and was buried September 14th. Their names and ages are as
follows: Mrs. Barbara Flack, 51 years; Mr. Tom Flack, 28 years; Mr. Willie
Flack, 19 years; Miss Laura Flack, 24 years; IMiss Louisa Flack, 22 years;
jMiss Jennie Flack, 20 years; Miss Clara Flack, 18 years. They resided at
No. 11 Elliott Street, and were cared for and nursed by H. J. Buhler, the
scenic painter at the theater.
The sexton of St. Patrick's Church reported a case where a man was
shrouded and encofiined, but who, when the lid was about to be screwed down,
opened his eyes and asked those pertbrming the last offices for him, " What
are you doing?" A little trepidated, if not consternated, they lifted him from
his close conifinement and put him into lied. Treatment was begun again, and,
strange to say, he recovered. He was literally rescued from the grave.
A foul smell, September 14th, attracted attention to the Mosby & Hunt
building, and the examination of the premises, made by Gleorge Hayden, a
colored policeman, revealed the discovery, in room 22, of the dead and decom-
posed body of H. L. Waiing, cotton buyer. The appearance of the body
indicated that he had been dead tv.'o or three days.
General W. J. Smith, who divided the honors of heroism with Butler P.
Anderson, at Grenada, completely recovered from perhaps one of the severest
cases of fever known.
Mr. R. W. Blew, publisher of the Western Methodist, with his wife and three
children, has paid the debt of nature. He died on Sunday, September 15th,
of the fever. He was a quiet, modest, unassuming gentleman, a good citizen
and a pious Christian.
162
A HISTOEY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
"The need of nurses," writes the Louisville Courier- Journal correi-pondent,
" was known to the country, and, as a distinguished physician put it, ' this fact
brought upon us the scum of the nation — in fact, an invasion of cut-throats,
thieves, and prostitutes, of as bad a type as ever trod the earth.' These
people thrList tlieniselves upon Memphis, and the sutfering sick were at their
mercy. 'Every thing depends uj)on nursing; a good attendant and a pail of
water will accomplish more than all the medicines in the land,' says Dr. Wood-
Avard. The hope of pecuniary pr(jtit brought most of these many nurses to
INIemphis. This is an undeniable fact. Of their conduct in the sick-room I
.«hall speak presently. Gathering at Memphis after the maimer of the human
vultures who follow the field of battle, rol^bing the dead or dying soldier,
tliese villains swarmed by the hundreds into the heart of the yellow fever
country. SoVne few came through noble motives. They Avere not many.
The large majority having resolved to flxtten their purees by pilfering the
dead, they were not slow in seizing other opportunities to steal or swindle.
This Avas managed by practicing frauds on the employers — the Howards — in
spite of whose vigilant watching they made false returns and collected largely
inexce.ssof actual services rendered. How much fraud was perpetrated in this
manner it is impossible to estimate, nor is there any disposition upon the part of
interested parties to say much about it. The conduct of the leader of this brazen
band after reaching Memphis was even more outrageous than before. De moHuis
nil nisi bonum is all right in its way, but if I uncover any unpleasant otlor I sin-
cerely trust circumstances may justify. Sooner or later we meet our fate, and
Mrs. came by hers rather suddenly. She will be remembered as the
female who wrote a card full of what seemed to be virtuous indignation over the
Gourier-Jonrnal's truthful story. . She would have jerked bald-headed the author
of the publication, but the Loi-d — or, j>erhaps, the 'Lord-knows-who ' —
had set his eyes upon her, and she was set down for an eaily doom. This Mrs.
■ — would have soared to the front. She wished all she could get, and
a trifie additional. She got both, and the Lord — or the Lord-knows -who — got
her. She was distantly related to Oliver Cromwell of yore, if the record of
her deeds go for aught. Mrs. was nursing in the family of a well-
known judiciary officer. Esse quam vider'i is good enough in its way, but Mrs.
preferred to seem rather than to be. She had abundant opportu-
nity to exercise any extraordinary avaricious inclination she might possess
daring the delirium of her patients; and having heard that the little busy bee
improves each shining hour, she sought to profit by example and filled her
trunk with valuables, such as jewelry and silverware. This trunk
she sent to the express office to be shipjied to . Before it had
gone Mrs. took the fever, or perhaps the fever took Mrs.
. The Howards, being very naughty people, peeped into her trunk
and discovered her stolen treasures. The relentless reaper, meanwhile, had
set about harvesting Mrs. , and thus she escaped any punishment
earth may have given her. ' One of the woret of my experiences with
nurses,' said Dr. to me, ' was in the case of a female patient. It
took four to kill her. The first one stole her clothing and ran away; the
second got drunk and neglected her ; the third took sick and died ; and the
fourth, getting drunk, fell over on her bed Avith a wine bottle held high in
one hand, dancing like an Indian in his intoxication. This scoundrel Avas
arrested.' 'One man Avhom I wished especially to get Avell AA'as deserted by
his nurse at the most critical period,' remarked a physician to me, 'and
other nurses I fbund drunk and their posts deserted. Some stole all they
could, and many held drunken orgies in the rooms of patients.'"
The Church Orphans' Home, September 17th, was a hospital, with twenty sick
children and one convalescent Sister of St. Mary's. Two of the good sisters
A HISTOKY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
163
died in the perfonnaiice of. tlieir sacred duties, and two of the children. Un-
der a happier condition of things the sisters were ghtd to give a ■welcome to all
the orphan children that were sent them. As it was, they positively declined
to receive any more until after the epidemic.
JMajor W. A. Willis, superintendent of the Southern Express Compnnv,
died on Sunday, Septeniher 15th, after nearly a week's battle witli the fever.
As a member of the Citizens' Relief Committee, he had been of great service
to the city at a most critical juncture of the phigue. A noble soul, type of the
most cliivalric heroism, liis loss was mourned as that of a brother endeared by
every tie.
The death of J. G. Lonsdale, Jr., treasurer of the Citizens' Relief Commit-
tee, was a .shock to the community, on Sunda}', September 15tli. He had
worked so earnestly and cheerfully, and enjoyed sucli unusual good health that
it was believed and hoped he would pass tlie crisis and convalesce. God willed
it otherwise.
September 17th, the proprietor of the Evmnng Ledger, ]Mr. Ed. Whitmore,
conqiiei-ed the fever and was pronounced convalescent. His pluck and energy,
conjoined to the labor of Captain Matlics, kept the ledger going.
One of the most distressing scenes witnessed since tlie epidemic commenced,
was that reported by a neighbor of E. W. Slew's. The gentleman called at
Mr. Blew'.s on IMonday morning, September 16th, and there found four dead,
and three very sick. The four deaths had occurred within twenty-four hours.
A lady from Memphis, ]\Irs. Evans, who lost her husband on August 30th,
and who had luid the fever, fliinted and fell on the platform at Waverly Sta-
tion, on the Chattanooga road. She had a sick child with her. The announce-
ment of the fiict stampeded the town, and the peo))le fled to the mountains.
The Very Reverend JM. Riordan, vicar-general of this diocese, and pastor of
St. Patrick's Church, died, Septend)or 17th, after two weeks' illness, from
yellow fever. Like those of his brethren of the priesthood, who preceded him,
lie fell at hLs post. He contracted the disease while in the discharge of the
duties of his sacred office, and fell as the brave sohlierof the cross loves to fall.
Dr. John Erskine, health officer, after a week's illness, died, September 17th.
His death was a great loss to the city, and to the faculty of wdiich he was one
of the chief ornaments.
J. W. McDonald, the volunteer telegraph operator from Cincinnati, died,
September 17th. Mr. McDonald was tlie sixth operator that succumbed to
llie fever. It was strange, liut nevertheless true, that .so far no telegi-apher that
had been attacked had recovci-ed.
A very sudden death was that of Conrad Rasp, baker at the PealMidy Hotel.
He gave up work at nine o'clock, September 17th, and died at five in the after-
noon. He had had the fever for several days, but refused to take to his bed.
i\Irs. J. W. Clark, of (3maha, who volunteered to nurse the sick, fell a vic-
tim to the fever, and died September 18th. She was tenderly and lovingly
prepared for the grave, and laid away by those who, knowing how noble her
mission and how true she was to it, mourned for her as for a sister.
Dr. Hiram Pearce, of Cincinnati, Ohio, who volunteered and was assigned
to duty by Dr. Mit<?hell, of the Howard Association, died Septemlier 18th, very
much to the regret of the medical corps and all wlio had met him. His mem-
ory will ever be cherished by this ]")eopie, as a noble example to the niend)ers
of a profession wh«?e ranks liad been maaiy tinses recruited and many times
thiinied since the epidemic began.
A gentleman, taken sick, was sent a imi se, who stole his iiorse and buggy
and deserted him ; another was sent, who took sick and died ; a third was sent,
who proved so worthless and inex]ierienced that he luid U> be sent away: and a
fourth was sent, who got beastly drunk.
164
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
A cheeky nui-se, but an incorrigible rascal and thief, who ■\vas sent to attend
Captain Matlies, of the Ledger, stole his horse and buggy. September 18tli,
Captain Mathes received a postal card, mailed at luka, Alississippi, notifying
him that as his ulster was inconvenient to carry he had left it at some point
(name not remembered), and viij horse could be found at Moscow.
Among the dead, of September 18th, was the name of Rev. Mr. Schuyler,
of Hoboken, New Jersey, who came, a volunteer, to do what he could to help
his brethren of the Episcopal Church. He Avas in ilemphis but a few brief
days when the pestilence claimed him for a victim, and he passed away to re-
ceive the reward which awaits the bi-ave and the just. While on duty he was
of great help, as Rev. Dr. White, of Calvary Church, and Rev. Dr. Dalzell,
of Shreveport, were the only Episcopal clergymen to attend to the innumer-
able and every-day increasing wants of the members of the church. Rev. Mr.
Harris, of St. Mary's, was still in the agonies of the fe.ver, September 18th,
and Rev. Mr. Parsons, of St. Lazarus and Grace Church parishes, had just
been laid away to rest.
When the fever began there were four Episcopal ministers on duty — Rev.
Dr. George White, rector of Calvary; Rev. George Harris, dean of St. Mary's
Cathedral; Rev. C. C. Parsons, rector of the two parishes of St. Lazarus and
Grace Church; and Rev. Mr. Gee, rector of the Church of the Good Shep-
liei"d. All of these gentlemen remained to share the fate of their people,- only
two of them escaping — Dr. White and Mr. Gee. Mr. Parsons died and Mr.
Harris recovered after a long and serious illness. When the last two fell a
]irey to the epidemic. Rev. Mr. Schuyler, of Hoboken, New Jersey, and Rev.
Dr. Dalzell, of Shreveport, Louisiana, volunteered. The former paid with
his life for the noble act of heroism, and Dr. Dalzell was on duty in charge of
St. Mary's parish.
Of the Methodist ministers. Rev. Messrs. Slater and Rosebrough devoted
themselves to their people, with a singleness of purpose w"orthy the martyrs of
the early church, laying down their lives as an attestation and seal of their
faith and zeal as officers of the church.
Rev. Mr. Daniels, of the First Presbyterian Church, resided in the midst
of what was originally the infected district, and fell early in the action, and
found some difficulty in overcoming a severe attack of the fever.
Of the Baptist ministers Rev. Dr. Landrum alone remained. Tlie witnesses
of his zeal are as many as have died and lived. Even when the fever invaded
his own household' he was laboring in the streets, as a member of the Relief
Committee, and in the homes of the people, carrying " the bread of life."
Of the German Protestant pastors, Mr. Thomas died from overwork, hut
Mr. Holmes was a tower of strength to his people. Their praises were spoken
by every one.
The Catholic priesthood, for zeal, self-denial, and self-sacrifice stand unri-
A'aled. The long roll of their dead attests this fact and challenges the admi-
ration of all men, be their faith and nationality what it mny. Upbearing the
banner of the cross, symbol of faith and hope, Rev. JMartin Walsh, pastor of
St. Bridget's, fell, and with him his assistant. Rev. Mi'. Meagher. The Rev.
Father Asinus, of St. Mary's (German Franciscan) also g-ave up his life in his
efforts for his parishioners. St. Peter's parish, under the care of the Domini-
cans, gave three martyi-s. Rev. J. R. McGarvey, a volunteer fi'om Harrods-
burg, Ky., Rev. J. A. Bakel fi-om Baltimore, Md., and the Rev. Mr. Van
Trojstenburg from Kentucky. St. Patrick's gave its pastor, the Vicar-Gen eial
of the diocese. Rev. Martin Riordan, the Rev. M. INlcNamara, and the Rev.
J. P. Scannell, a volunteer from Louisville, Ky. Only three priests remained
on duty, Rev. Father Kelly, pastor of St. Peter's, Rev. Father Aloysias, of
St. Mary's, Rev. Father Walsh, at St. Patrick's, and the Rev. F ather ^Mooney,
A HISTORY OF THE YELI.OW FEVER.
165
who volunteered and arrived a few days ago from Iv"aslrville. To the list of
martyrs is also to be added the names of Father Scanlin, of St. Peter's, and
Father Maternus, of St. Mary's (German) Franciscan Church.
Appeal, September 20tli. — The following is a copy of a telegram sent to
New York, to be read in Booth's Theater on the 21st; " Deaths to date, 2,250;
number sick now, about o,()0(); average deaths, sixty jier cent, of the sick.
We are feeding some 10,000 persons, sick and destitute, in camps and in tlie
city. Our city is a hospital. Fifteen volunteer physicians have died ; twenty
otliers are sick. A great many nurses have died — many that had the fever
before, and thouglit tliemselves ijroof. Fever abating some to-day, for want
of material, perhaps, and tilings look a little more hopeful. We are praying
for frost — it is our only hope. A thousand thanks to the generous people of
New York."
Ledger, September 20t]i. — "One phase in the condition of the plague-smitten
Southern cities is scarcely realized at the North, even with the daily descrip-
tions given in the papers, of the distress prevailing there. All industries have
ceased. The stores are closed, the factories are not running, wharves and
depots are deserted, for boats and trains neither arrive nor depart, so that
means for earning their daily bread is taken away from those who are not
stricken with the fever. . . . Work is the panacea for many evils, and
at such times as these if the head and hands are occupied the danger is dimin-
ished ten-fold; and besides the agony of brooding over the pestilence, hundreds
and thousands of people have nothing to live upon. Their money is gone, and
they can earn no more. Even if they could, the store of provisions is
exhausted. Markets are closed, market wagons have ceased to come in from
the country."
After two weeks or more of fever, Dr. S. R. Clarke, to the surprise of his
physicians as well as friends, died Septeniber 20th, at his i-esidence on Beale
Street. Tlie loss of liis wife no doubt preyed upon his mind, and had much to
do with the suddenness of his death. F(jr several days he had been pronounced
convalescent, and was supposed to be slowly but surely reaching that stage
toward complete recovery when his doctors would be able to leave him to his
own course, when, without jiremonition of the end, he died. His loss was
deeply deplored. He had a wide circle of friends among the best of our people,
and specially euileared himself to those who, like himself, had remained to brave
the e])idenuc, by his devotion to the duties of the office he held as a member of
the Citizens' Relief Committee. In all the relations of life he was a true nmn.
His loss was mourned as one of the severest the e])idemic had cost Memphis.
The figures of September 20tli, as to the sick and dead by yellow fever, were
most reassuring. The falling off in the number of both, from the average of
the past ten days, att'orded occasion for devout thanks.
September 22d, one bv one the surviving employes of the Appeal returned
to their ])osts. Mr. White, business manager, was at Avork on the 10th
of September; Mr. Brooks, river and telegraph editor, on the 23d; and Mr.
McGrann, foreman of the composing-room, Mr. Woodlock, foreman of the
]n-ess-rooni, returned to duty on the 17th. Of the compositors, j\lr. Scliiller
has been at work since September lOtli, INIr. Hoskins since the 19th, fur a few
hours each day, and Septend)er 21st, Mr. Will Taylor tried his hand for a few
liours. JMr. Fred Breiuian, city editor, was still confined to his room, conva-
lescing slowly, but purely.
Septendier 22d the following postal card was received from George Francis
Train :
Madison Squake, P. E. 49.
Citizen J. M. Keailnrj:
The fever is born of panic, based on gormandizing diseased animal food — fi>h,
166
A HISTOKY OF THE YELLOW FEVEU.
eggs, butter. Meat is the delirium tremens of flesh. All your remedies only
m;ike matters worse. Stop alcohol, tobacco, brandy, quinine, drugs. But, above
all, keep in the open air. Abolish hearses, fiuierals, and tlie grave-yard lior-
rors ; they spread tlie pestilence. Commence at once cremating the dead. The
disease is mental. It is not the j'ellow fever (tiiat my father, mother, three
sisters, nurse, doctor, and five servants died of in New Orleans in a few days
when I was but four years old), 'tis tlie Asiatic plague, or consolidation of
all the diseases through mental action or fear of death. JMemphis knows me.
If you have faith, 1 will stop the pestilence. Telegraph and I will come bv
express. Mayor and citizens' committee must sign the dispatch. My guai'an-
tee of good faith is that you will see me moving among the dying and dead.
G. F. T.
Appeal, Sept. 24th. — Mr. Robert R. Catron, agent of the Associated Press in
this city, died last night of yellow fever, after four da3's' sickness. Every thing
that the tenderest solicitude and the best medical skill could suggest and accom-
plish was made use of, but to uo purpose. The disease invaded his brain, and he
passed away peacefully in a semi-unconscious state. No man of his years and
positioii did more or better work than he throughout the epidemic. When
the editorial and reportorial staffs of the Avalanche and the Ledger were all
down with the fever, some of them sick, and more dying, he volunteered, and
for some days worked on both papers, besides doing wliat he could for imme-
diate personal friends sick of the fever, and who, he thought, had paramount
claims upon his time. Every moment of his Avaking hours was spent in doing
good. Alive to the dreadful effects of the epidemic, and in full sympathy with
the suffering people whom he knew so well, his dispatches were always witliin
the limits of facts. He avoided sensationalizing as unworthy the occasion, and
confined himself to the simplest statement of each day's sad history. AVhat
efiect this had upon the public mind of every State in the Union, let the num-
berless active charities tell, which continue to pour their beneficence upon us.
Modest and unassuming, his growth in the profession was due to his own worth
and abilities, and not to any fictitious aids such as sometimes help to push men
beyond their depth. He was equal to all the demands made upon him whether
professional or friendly, and went to his grave followed by the regrets of all
Avho knew him, especially those who saw how nobly he met death at his post.
Charley Brooks, the last member of the flxmily of jMr. Will Brooks, of the
Appeal, died September 2od.
The Gregg family Avere swept from the face of the earth. The father and
six children had died, and, on September 24th, tiie mother died.
Tlie brutality, barbarism, and indifi'erence developed by this epidemic stand
out in marked contrast with the liei'oisms wliich cost so many lives. Scarcely
a day passed that the community, bowed in sorrow for so many weeks, Avas not
shamed by one or other of these hideous phases of inhumanity; as if it Avere
not enough that the experiences of the times developed cases of total neglect,
Avhich Avere brought to light when the sufferers Avere past hope and beyond the
reach of human aid. But there Avere creatures, in the semblance of men,Avho,
terrorized out of all reason, surrendered themselves to demoniacal passions, and
expressed their fears in acts tliat were a disgrace to our race and blood.
A little child of, perhaps, three years was surrendered to the keeping of one
of the noble volunteer doctors by a mother who now fills a nameless grave in
the potter's field. She Avas an outcast — had thrown herself aAvay because aban-
doned by her husband — and finding herself fast sinking, from the combined ef-
fects of the most loathsome of diseases and the yellow fever, gave her child to
her physician, that it might find the lumie and care the cowardly father had
denied to her and it. How shocking to every sense !
No man in Memphis had, during this epidemic, done more or better work
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FKVEK. ]G7
tlian the Rev. Dr. Boggs, pastor of the Second Presbyterian Cliuich. Night
and day he was on the move, going anywliere and evcry-where he could do
any good. Nothing came amiss to lus liands. He j)raycd (U' nursed, counseled
or consoled, as the time or place demanded; and he stoi.'d not for calls. He
went about among his people and kept up with them. In the country or in
the city, it was all the same to him. Poor or rich, they were all alike. He
asked no questions. He saw what was to he done, and he did it. He was the
messenger for the doctor, or the medicines, as often as any thing else, and yet
lie never lost a moment as guardian of the orphans of the Leatli Asylum.
His many anxieties concerning them were those of a father for his children,
and when the fever made its appearance among thera he was one of the hrst
to fly to their succor and relief. He was vouchsafed just two days' duty with
the poor children, when he and his wife were taken down. Of course, he liad
the best of nursing, care, and the first medical skill, besides which, he had a
good' constitution and a Ijrave heart.
Dr. Augustus Kuehiie, formerly of Ohio, at present of Memphis, paid the
following tribute to his dead compatriots: "The phj-siciaiis who died were
Hiram B. Pearce, Cincinnati; Robert Burcliman, Coliinil)us; Dr. Tuerk, Cin-
cinnati, and Dr. Tate (colored), also of Cincinnati. Dr. Tate was a friend of
the suffering sick of his own race — a true and noble man. Without hesitancy,
he worked, without rest, day and night. His own race caused him the greatest
(listress. Home physicians, with but very few exceptions, cared very little for
the colored race. I have seen how colored men have placed their hands on
Dr. Tate's coat collar, carrying him" per force' (the doctor) to their wretched
habitations. If a man had been cast of iron, he must, under such trying cir-
cumstances, have succumbed. Dr. Tate died in the house of a -colored frieiul,
Mr. Morgan, a dentist, residing on Beal Street. It is a firct that Di-. Tate's
life could have been saved had he not been too brave. He left his bed, after
four days' sickness, believing himself strong enough to return for duty. The
sand result was a relapse of the fever, which cut iiim down within three days. Dr.
Hiram B. Pearce, animated by the true sense of duty as a physician and a
man who believed in our Savior — that frien I beloved as he was to me — left
Cincinnati in my company, notwithstanding he was surrounded by all the com-
forts and luxuries of life. No mercenary spirit tempted him to sacrifice his
life in order to save the lives of others. Before our departure from Cincinnati,
Dr. Pearce told me that he had received a letter from his father, threatening
him with disinheritance should he leave for Memphis. Hold this up to the
medical pi-ofession of Memphis, and, at least, let them speak a kind word of
those who are slumbering now in Elmwood. Di-. Pearce was taken with fever
in room 91 of the Pe ibody Hotel. Dr. Tate and your informant removed
liiin to the Court Street Infirmary. Dr. Bryan, from Texas, had charge of the
place. It is an old dilapidated building, and a terror crept over me as soon
as I had placed my foot within it. Misericorde — how could valuable Jives be
preserved within such non-ventilated, but overheated, rooms like that? A
long row of beds, and yellow fever pestilence every-where. Clouds of jioison-
ous atmosphere were ens'.irouding the bedsteads of every individual patient.
Dr. Bryan treated me with bru-icpie discourtesy on the fijllowing morning.
I desired to see my poor friend Dr. Pearce. He positively refused me 'as a
physician,' entrance, stating that he had control over all his patients. I have
no words to express my indignation over such unprofessional conduct. Dr.
Pearce died. Dr. Robert Burcliman was a graduate of Edinburgh, Scotland.
I made his acquaintance in Cincinnati. Drs. Pearce, Bui'chman, and myself
came to Memphis together. On the 17th of September, I was taken down,
and while 0:1 niy sickdied I heard of his sickness, and in a few days of his
subsequent death. Dr. Burcliman was a brave and good man. Fearlessly he
168
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOAV FEVER.
Ment to his work and discharged it faithfully. After niidnight, Dr. Burchraan
and Dr. Tuerk came to my bedside, on the first day of ray sickness, and ren-
dered professional services. May his grave be kept green by some friendly
hand in the Mississippi Valley. Dr. Tuerk was a graduate of Heidelberg, Ger-
many. I do not know any thing of his previous histor}^ However, I will say
that he was one of the hardest workers in the First Ward. I valued his
fi iendshij^, and never will I forget his memory. Dr. JNIcFarland, Savannah,
Ga., Hon. Milo Olin, Augusta, Ga., Dr. T. Grange Simmons, Charleston,
Dr. Carswell, Americus, Ga., and Dr. De Grafienreid deserve special notice,
and, in fact, a large number of the Southern Howard physicians will tell you
what I do." Dr. Carswell indorsed the foregoing.
]\Iajor Pollard Trezevant, died September 25th, of fever, after an illness of
only a few days. Since the epidemic began he had been working as a Howard,
never thinking of himself, and only intent upon the good he might do. JIajor
Trezevant, before and during the war, held high official positions, but since
has been engaged in the real estate business. A member of one of our most
honored families, he owed nothing to that fact. He made himself all that he
was by his own efforts, and died, as he lived, an honest man.
" Mr. Charles G. Fisher, chairman of the Citizens Relief Committee, died
and was buried yesterday (September 26, 1878)," says the Appeal of the 27th.
"He had been sick of the fever only a few days, but having overtaxed him-
self in his efforts to keep up with all the demands upon his time, he l:ad but
little of his native vigor left with which to contend with so violent an enemy.
His death was not any more the result of the yellow fever than of overwork.
The position he occupied was one of more than ordinary care and responsibility,
which, under brighter auspices, would task a very strong man to the utter-
most. He might be said literally to be on duty every hour of the twenty-four,
for though he had office hours, much of his business was transacted upon the
streets, at his home, by the sick-bed, perhaps, of a friend, or wherever else
the needy or the friends of the sick might find him. Kind and gentle, he was
also firm and unswerving in the performance of his duty. He felt that to him
and his associates the people of the whole country had given a sacred trust,
the administration of which required more than ordinary care. He, therefore,
scanned narrowly all claims for relief, and impressed on all about him the duty
of so apportioning the money and food sent to us by the good people of all the
States as to make their charity a beneficence and not a means of encouraging
idleness. In this he succeeded only partially, but failure was due to circum-
stances he could not overcome, and which the citizens, though they have re-
solved time and again, have not yet been able to overcome. He was faithful
to his trust, and zealous in the discharge of his duties. He was also energetic
in behalf of the sick as well as suffering. His house was a home for many who
Avere there nursed safely through the fever, and some who died, notwithstand-
ing the greatest care. To them all he was full of consideration and kindness.
He gave them what he could of his time, and nursed them to the neglect of
himself. He was always equal to the occasion, equal to the demands made
upon him, and jaroved himself throughout the epidemic a hero of heroic mold.
^Ir. Fisher was a member of one of our j^rincijial cotton firms, and had, with
his partner, Mr. William Gage, built up a business within the past ten years
that ranked second to that of no other house in the city. He was popular
with the people, and was elected to represent the sixth ward in the Board of
Councilmen for several terms. He was a native of Tipton County, a son of
Dr. Fisher, of Covington, and served throughout the war in the Confederate
arm}', making for himself a name as a brave soldier only second to that which
he made witliin tlie past few weeks for a moral heroism and courage that
crowned his life Avith martyrdom."
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEE.
169
Avalanche, September 24t]i. — " New cases in the city, one hundred and fifty-
six. Deaths, sixty-four. The hopes that had been raised in tlie hearts of the
peojile that the fever was abating were rudely dispelled yesterday, when the
reports of new cases began pouring in. All during the forenoon there was
one continuous call for nurses, and many who were on the eve of departing
home, thinking their services were no longer required, were placed on duty,
and the demand was in excess of tlie supply. As the jiliysicians extend their
visits to the suburbs, many instances are discovered of whole families who are
stricken, and have lain for days without any attention whatever."
There was a sad case out on Rayburn Avenue, just beyond the city limits.
A family by the name of McNamee were severely afHicted. Two of their cliil-
dren died of the fever, the mother and the father were down some time, leaving
the only remaining member of the family, a young girl, alone, well enough to
administer to the wants of the others. September 25th slie was stricken down,
and three were left. Nurses were sent to them, and they were carefully
attended to.
The most startling deatli since the epidemic was fii-st announced, and one
that conveyed a warning to convalescents, was that of Francis W. Schley, of
34 Winchester Avenue. It occurred September 27th, on Market Street,
extended, between three and half past four o'clock — no one could tell exactly
the moment, as he was alone, and no ])erson seems to have traveled the street
until about the latter hour — when Dr. Nuttal found the unfortunate man lying
upon his back, quite dead, a basket containing a couple of bushels of potatoes
beside him. He left his wife at three o'clock for the grocery, where he ]nir-
chased the potatoes, and was on his way home and within, perhaps, a hundred
yards of it when his strength, which he had overtaxed as a convalescent, gave
out, and he fell, perhaps lay down, and died. He had had a very severe attack
of the fever, but for two weeks had been convalescing, and was supposed to l)e
beyond any danger. But so slender and tender is the cord of life, as the fever
leaves it, that even the slight exertion of a short walk and the weiglit of a
basket a little child might carry without strain, broke it, and he passed away
alone, so near and yet so far from the touch of a tender hand and the kiss of
affectionate lips.
Persons who were not in the city can never realize the sorrows and pressure
of duties resting upon the few who remained during the epidemic. Let. this
case illustrate many, and indicate something of the condition. On September
26th the son of a pastor of one of the churches, numbering 400, was buried.
The son himself had many friends. Who attended that funeral ? The parents,
themselves just from a yellow-fever bed, and two nurses of the son — one an
Italian, and the other a negro. These four and no others. Not a member
of that pastor's church, not a citizen could be spared for an hour to go with
him and his heart-broken wife to the grave of their son. This was not from
any want of friendship, sympathy, or att'ection on the part of thousands who
knew the family; it simply s^hows into what fearful necessities and sorrows this
"noisome" jjestilence had brought them.
The Rev. W. P. Barton, of Greenville, IMiss., assisted by one of our local
physieiiuis, a layman — Dr. C. W. Malone — ministers, and has been ministering,
to the wants of the people of the Methodist Church since the epidemic began.
Mr. Barton was on his way home and was compelled to remain when ti avel by
the rivei- was cut ofl". He at once volunteered his services, and was on duty for
some weeks.
Nothing was so significant of the effect of the epidemic upon iNIemphis as
the attendance at the Jewish Synagogue, corner of Exchange and Main Streets,
September 27tli. The occasion was one of the most interesting and sacred to
tiie Hebrew race — the usheiing in of the new year. When the fever was
170
A HISTOKY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
first announced there was a Jew isli population of about tliree thousand. Of
this number only eighteen were present at the solemn services, made more so
by the surrounding sorrow and the evidence these few bore to the effect of the
plague. Of the eighteen nine were fever convalescents, three were nurses
from distant cities, the remaining six' being those who alone escaped of all who
remained to brave the disease. Mr. A. S. jMeyers, acting jjresident of tlie
Masonic Relief Board, read the service, the scene being very affecting. Tliere
was not a dry eye among all those present, as they recalled the festival as it
was observed in other and happier years, and remendiered the brave and noble
Menken, and many others who had passed away, the heroes of these times
that try men's souls. It was a sad and mournful ushering in of the new year —
a ceremony that will live in the hearts of all present to their latest hour.
One of the saddest cases that have come under our notice is that of the
family of John Dawson, who died at Elmwood Cemetery. Mr. Dawson died
September 17tli, after an illness of three days' duration. His brave wife arose
from her bed to administer to the wants of her four little girls. She went on
bravely, doing her duty nursing her little ones, till, on the morning of the
23d, she succumbed to an attack of the fever. After four days of suffering
she died peacefully, trusting in him who has promised to care for the firther-
less. A friend was with her to receive her dying requests. As she has no
relatives in America, her children were taken to the Chui'ch home, where, un-
der the cave of kind Sister Frances, they are assui'ed a mother's tender, watch-
ful guidance. Their ages are, respectively, eight, five, three, and one. Mr.
Dawson came from England in 1872, and has been an emploj'e of the ceme-
tery company for the last six years. During the epidemic of 1873, he worked
like the brave man he was. He did his duty nobly and well then, as always,
and with his wife has gone to his reward. Till their English friends can be
heard from the children will remain at the "home." It is hardly necessary to
say that the children of a man who laid down his life in this sacred cause will
be tenderly cared for till their relatives in England say what better can be
done for them.
Dr. Paul Otey died of yellow fever at Mr. W. J. P. Doyle's residence, on
Dunlap Street, at a late hour, September 28th. He had been sick for over a
week, and it was hoped would rally from the effects of the disease he cured iu
others so often, but his strength was not equal to the task. Dr. Otey was the
oldest son of the late Rt. Rev. James H. Otey, first Episcopal bishop of
Tennessee, and was educated at Kenyou College, Ohio, President Hayes being
among his classmates. Intended for the ministry, he jireferred medicine,
and studied for that profession with much of the ardor of a lover. As such,
he followed it, attaining, both in the Confederate army, in which he served
throughout the war, and here in Memphis, where he had lived since its close,
an enviable distinction, although by his own preference his practice avos
limited. He was a man of strong mind but good heart. To him the jieople
of iMemphis were indebted for the camps which, while affording slielter and
comfort to seven thousand refugees, insured them the health denied them at
home. From the outbreak of the epidemic he was active in behalf of the
nurses. His sympathies were fully aroused, and up to the hour when he lay
down to die he never ceased to interest himself in behalf of the people.*
* St. Lonis Republican : "This' gentleman, who, on Saturday afternoon, 28tli inst., in
his fifty-fourth year, was added to the list of heroic ^Memphis martyi-s, deserves a trib-
ute to his memory. He was the eldest son of the late Eight Rev. .James Hervey Otey,
bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church for the diocese of Tennessee, and brother of
Mrs. B. B. !Minor, of St. Louis. After academic preparations in his native State, and
chiefly under the auspices of liis fatlier (wIki was one of the greatest friends and pro-
moters of Christian education that the West has ever had), he entered the Kenyon Col-
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
171
E. E. Furbish died September 27th at the Peabod)-. He ^vas formerly in
the employ of B. Loweiisteiu & Co., but had recently officiated in a clerical
capacity at the Howard Association headquarters. He had been ailing- for
several days, but refused to acknowledge the presence of the prevailina- fever.
On the 27th, while walking in the hall of the hotel, he fainted and fell jiros-
trate to the Aoov. He was conveyed to his room, and measures taken to
produce a reaction, without avail, however, for he steadily sank and finally
died as stated.
jNIr. Eugene W. Moore appeared on the street safely convalescent September
27th. Mr. Moore was of invaluable service to the Appeal, acting business
manager, city and commercial editor, mail clerk, office clerk, and wherever he
could put in a hand for work.
Avalanclie, October 28th. — " New cases in the city and suburbs, 117. Deaths,
twenty-eight. The fever, although not abating in cases, is not as n)alignant as
it was several days ago. It gradually, as the cool north wind greets us,
Ijecomes milder, and one can judge from the death rate, if correctly rej^orted,
tliat persons who take it from this time on, have at least two chances out of
three of getting over it. . . . Our people have lost all appearance of j)anic,
and are now coolly awaiting ' their turn,' as it were, like the soldier who goes
out on ]iicket, knowing not whether he will ever meet his comrades again."
Mr. R. B.' Clarke, who succeeded John G. Lonsdale, Jr., as treasurer of
the Citizens' Relief Committee, died of yellow fever, Septendier 30th, after a
week's sickness. Mr. Clarke, up to the time when he contracted the plague,
was connected with the committee in a clerical capacity, and was so attentive
to his duties as to commend himself to the officers of that organization as well
fitted for the responsiljle position vacated by the death of Mr. Lonsdale. He
accepted the trust, and proved, hy his subsequent management of the duties
of the office, the wisdom of the committee's choice. His death was deeply
mourned by his associates and l)y a wide circle of fi iends, who esteemed him
a? a gentleman of the highest character, courteous and polite, and full of that
moral courage of which heroes are made.
JMr. John M. Peabody, Superintendent of the Leath Orphan Asylum, died
Tuesday evening, October 1st, of yellow fever. He had been in charge of
the asylum for five years, and during his term of office made a faithful and
lege, Ohio. Thence he was drawn to Eielimond, Va., by tlie residence tliere of his
brother-in-law, and attended one full course of lectures in the Richmond College in the
]>almy days of Warner, Cnllen, Bohannan, and Maupin. But he obtained his medical
diploma from the Jefterson school in Philadel])hia, where he continued his studies under
the auspices and in the office of the distinguished Dr. Thos. II. Mutter. Though liis
jireparation for his profession was so complete, he did not prosecute it long, but, having
married quite early, he preferred the life of a planter, and opened a cotton plantation
in a very fertile part of Phillips County, Arkansas. Plere the late Confederate war
found him in the immediate neighborhood of another brother-in-law, General Daniel
C. Govan. They both entered unhesitatingly into the Confederate service, and Dr. Otey,
resuming his profession, became known as a surgeon of no mean repute, and was as
such quite intimately associated with his friend, Dr. Charles ilichcl, now of St. Louis.
At the close of the war Dr. Otey settled in Memphis, to devote himself to his profession,
and lias done so ever since. He has remained faithful during two visitations from yel-
low fever, and one from cholera.. A fearless sympathy witli su tiering, and a strong-
feeling of humanity, have combined with professional esprit to keep him at his post;
and, no doubt, his experience, gained on former fields of duty and of danger, made
him the more efKcient until he was himself stricken down. Prepossessing in per-
son, agreeable and easy in manners, and genial in dis])osition, he made many strong
friends, who, while so deeply lamenting his death, will join with the whole community,
whom he has so danntlessly and ably served, in doing honor to his memory and spread-
ing chaplets over his grave. He was suddenly and sadly made a widower soon after his
last settlement in Memphis, and leaves an adopted daughter to bemoan her now re-
doubled orphanage.'"
172
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
efficient officer, ever sympathizing with the little ones under his charge, and
doing all things to render their home an agreeable one. jNIr. Peabody was an
active member of the Masonic, Odd-Fellows, and Knights of Honor lodges of
this city.
A man and his wife were living in rather an isolated locality. The hiisljand
was sick of the fever. The physician made his call about thi-ee o'clock in the
afternoon, when he found him very low, but the wife, who had undertaken to
nurse him, showed, up to that time, no symptoms of the fever. He called
the next day, as usual, and found the man had been dead twelve hours, and
his wife lay beside the corpse with a burning fever. She had been taken so
suddenly and so severely that she was unable to summon assistance.
Mrs. Hood, a widow of some property, died and left two children. The
undertakers wei'e about to send her body to the potter's field, when Mr. Sim-
mons, who had charge of the Howard nurses, interfered to prevent it. A
telegram was sent to Mr. Barnum, of Werne & Barnum, Louisville, who tele-
graphed funds for proper sepulture. Two efforts had been made to take the
bodj'^ away during this interval, which had been frustrated ; yet while Mr.
Simmons was making arrangements necessary to the final disposition of the
]"emains, the poor woman was carted off to the potter's field, or the trenches,
and it would be utterly impossible at this day to tell where she is resting.
This was caused by demands of the citizens made upon the undertakers.
The laws required that bodies should be removed as soon as death had
taken place, and the undertakers were several times arrested for the sup-
posed violation of this rule.
A man named Douahoo was taken down with the fever. On the fourth
day his reason was dethroned, and, invested with the strength born of
insanity, he jumped from his bed, drove nurses out of doors, and, seizing a
■weapon that had been left in the house, attempted to murder his sister.
Assistance came before he had accomplished the deed ; he Avas overjjowered,
and was sent to the county -jail a raving maniac.
Avalanche, Oct. 2d. — "Louis Daltroof, the Howard undertaker, had the most
terrible experience of any person who worked through the epidemic period. He
has been alone, at midnight, with the rain falling, in the cemetery digging
graves and burying the dead without assistance. One night, at twelve o'clock,
Avhile the jiatients were dying so fast at one of the hospitals, that from
twenty to thirty corpses would accumulate in the dead-house between the
trips of the wagons, he was handed a telegram from some one connected
with the house of Menkiu & Brother, requesting him to pi'ocure the body
of a much-respected young Israelite, who had been in their employ, and died,
also to bury the deceased in the Jewish cemetery. No time was to be lost
if the wishes of the friends of the young man were to be respected. Daltroof
repaired at once to the hospital charnel-house, where bodies were i)iled
on top of each other, mattresses and all, just as they died. After working for
an hour or more, and removing nine bodies in the last stages of putrefaction,
he found the one he sought, and burled it according to instructions, digging
the grave himself, and returned to headquarters for duty by four o'clock the
same morning."
Avalanche, October 2d. — "New cases in the city and suburbs, ninety-nine.
Deaths, thirty-three. The fever has spread until it has embraced wiihin its
death fold every residence within a radius of twelve miles, and the end is not
yet. It has branched off" and followed the line of railroads ruiniing out of the
city until it has extended for fully fifty miles, to the north, east and south.
Only the west has escaped, and not altogether, for there are several cases of
fever in Hopefield."
Among the early victims of the epidemic was a man who, ten years ago,
A KISTOKY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
173
beoanie a wreck. Coming to IMeniphis, where lie Avas surrounded by kindly
influences and encouraging friends, he I'eestablished Iiiinself, and deserved
and received the respect of all citizens. His name is unnecessary to the de-
tails of his fall, but he sleeps to-day amid the verdure of Elmwood, one of
those men of heroic mold, who, like Anteus of old, I'enewed his strength with
each defeat. At tiie time above stated he was a j'esidcnt of New Orleans, in
which city he mingled with men who are measured by their failings rather
than tlie absence of them, and was identified \\ ith the fastest phases of a rapid
life. He was engaged as a wholesale grocer on Tchoupitoulas Street, but
outside expenses precipitated their unfailing secpiel, and he suspended. For a
time lie was lost sight of, but at an unexpected jieriod he came to the surface
and involved himself in a conspiracy, in which the originator and director was
a cotton factor and a former politician. The twain loaded a vessel with what
was represented to be a cargo of cotton, but which was in fact moss, and
cleared the venture for Liverpool. While in the Gulf the ship was mvsteri-
ously burned, the cargo reported lost, and a demand n"iade on the compaides
which iiad written policies of insurance foi- an adjustment. The matter was
investigated, the losses paid, and deceased disappeared. Soon after the true
condition of affairs became known, and efforts were at once instituted for the
apprehension of the alleged crinunals. For a time the party referred to eluded
arrest in the quiet of a side street in Chicago, but his letrcat was discovered
in the following manner: He cherished an affiictiou for a beautiful Camelia, of
New Orleans, who reciprocated, it is said, the feelings he manifested, and when
he became a fugitive she was in the habit of posting him as to the situation
of affairs in the Crescent City. This came to the knowledge of the Piidverton
Agency, who were upon his track, and their detectives closed in upon him,
procured his arrest at the post-office in Chicago as he was receiving a letter
from his New Orleans friend, and advised the companies he had defrauded.
But he was not jH'osecuted ; the companies recovered ^275, 000 of their loss,
and ordei'ed his dischai'ge. As stated, he came to Memphis, where he built
u]) for himself a redeemed reputation, and enjoyed the confidence of all who
knew him. In the epidemic of 1873 he served as a humanitarian, and per-
fbrmed noble work. When the epidemic of 1878 came on, he sought the
most exposed position, labored with the courage of a Sjiartan, sickened and
died, and was buried among the fiist on the long list of heroes the terrible
experience just closed gave birth to. Almost at the hour when he was laid
away in his grave, Lelia Burton, the New Orleans friend of former days, fell
in a faint at tlie bedside of a fever patient in that city she was nursing, and
before aid could minister to her resuscitation she had crossed over the bcau-
tifid river, and was, it is to be hoped, in paradise.
There was truly a sad sight at the residence of the late INIike Cannon, a
memlier of the old police force, who died early in the epidemic, after a ten
liours' sickness. Three of his children, a girl just blooming into womanhood,
a lad eleven or twelve years of age, and a little boy about nine years, lay dead
in the house at one time, the mother being nearly prostrated with grief
Tiirough the kindness of Colonel M. Burke, Superintendent of the Memphis
and Tennessee Railroad Company, a sjiecial train was, on October 7th, fur-
nished Mr. J. H. Smith, Secretary of the Howard Association, to take nurses
and supplies to ihe sick at Garner Station, twelve miles north of Grenada.
Dr. T. L. Gelzer, of Mobile, was placed in charge as Howard physician.
There were twelve cases, as fiillows : Dr. J, W. Payne, his wife, son, and grand-
son ; three children of P. ]M. Robinson, Mrs. Dr. Combs, Mrs. H. L. Combs, iMrs.
Broom, daughter of J. J. Slack, one colored woman and a colored boy. Di'. Payne
and Mrs. H. L. Combs were very sick. The train was hailed and a physician
inquired for at Courtland, to see Ca2)tain Knox, reported down with the fevci-.
17-1
A IIISTOKY OF THE YELLOW FFYER.
The death of Dr. Nelson, the seven-footer, and of his entire foniil}', was
mentioned a few days ago. In the same connection it was mentioned that he
was miserly, and possessed a large estate. Whether that be so or not, there is
a little story connected with one Hamburger, who gets his comforts tlirough
the gratings of the Adams Street sation-hoiise, that may develop something as
to the true condition of the man's estate. Hamburgi'r was one of the nurses, and
ver}' officiously performed the last sad lites at the demise of the only remaining
member of the family, October oth. A few days later Mr. Hamburger, in
company with another of his kind, was seen taking unusual luxury in a hack
in company with a couple of colored wenahes. His conduct attracted the atten-
tion of the police to the extent that he and his party were pulled, during which
there was a mysterious box, which was attempted to be concealed. This box
contained a lot of valuable jewelry, wliich Hamburger claimed was given him
by his uncle. He stuck to the " uncle" story until pressed to the last extremity,
■when he confessed that a daughter of Dr. Nelson had placed it in his keeping,
with written instructioiis what to do witii it. The instructions were in a book,
somehow, that the jjolice authorities had taken from him, and would not let him
get hold of.
A sad sight might have been witnessed Sunday evening, October 6th, did
not the laws which govern in this fearful epidemic forbid the keeping of late
hours by those not engaged in caring for the sick. Mitchell Brown, son of the
respected Dr. R. F. Bj-own, Secretary of the Board of Health, died just at
sundown, under cii'cumstances that necessitated the earliest possible interment.
His friend, the companion of his childhood, Louis Frierson, was present, nearly
heart-broken at the loss of his bosom friend. A2:)preciating the circumstances,
with a stout heart and determined will he summoned three other persons, Mr.
Wm. Lytle, Dr. Chandler, and Captain Hari-ison, in charge of the Charleston
nurses, the four going on foot (no vehicle could be hired for love nor money)
to the undertaker's establishment of Messrs. Flaherty & Sullivan, and procur-
ing a suitable cisket they carried it bj^ the silver handles to the residence of
Dr. Brown, on Madison Street, and carefully and tenderly placed the remains
in it, closing it re:idy for the hearse early on the morning of the 7th. It was
a sad sight to witness those four friends silently performing the last offices for
the departed friend. But this is only one of the many equally as heart-touch-
ing events the present epidemic has produced.
Appeal, October 5th. — " A warning to refugees, in another column, will, we
hope, have the attention it deserves from those for whom it is intended. To
return now, or at any time before the epidemic is officially declared over, is to
court almost certaiir death. A few of our citizens who did so, in defiance of
good advice to the contrary, have paid the penalty of their temei-ity and are
now numbered with the dead. Their fate should be a warning and serve to
enforce the timely and urgent appeal of the Howard Association, to which we
refer all readers of the Appeal at home or abroad."
Little Rock Democrat, October 5th. — " It is with a sad heart Ave announce
the death of Dr. Easle3\ We have seen our friends dropping claily and dying
rapidly. Of the nuiny brave physicians and nurses our How,ards have sent to
Memphis, this day but a handful remains. Dr. Easlcy, one of tlie best surgeons
in tlie United States, and an able physician, one of the first to risk his life in
succoring the afflicted of our sister city, died this morning. We had hoped,
as he held so tenaciously to life, that he would be spared, but relentless were
the fates. He is dead. Mark his grave, ye Knights of Pythias, that in the
future a monument may mark his last resting-place. Dr. Easley, we believe,
was a native of ]\Iissis~ippi ; a graduate of the INIadison (INIississippi) College, a
graduate in 1873 of the Louisville ]\Iedical College. He first jiracticed his pro-
fession in Dallas, Texas. He came to this city in 1875, and at the time of his
A HISTORY OF THE YKLLOAV FEVER.
175
departure for tlie fated city, he, witli Dr. E. H. Skipwitli, had joint office? in
the Oasette buihling. The deceased was a star in his profession, about tiiirty
years of age, and unmarried."
Dr. Hunter, of Kansas City, who has been one of the most devoted of the
Howard physicians, returned from Masons, October 4tli, where lie h.ad been
sent to look after the sick of that place. The doctor says that he found a bad
state of affairs thei-e. True, there were not many citizens, the iiiajority having
fled into refuge on the first outbreak of the fever, but the few remaining,, not
sick, were much alarmed lest every one would be stricken down and the little
place be desolated, as have been Crrenada and many smaller places. The doctor
tells a pleasing anecdote of his iirst adventure there. On arriving he met an
aged darkey on the platform wlio was very communicative, and endeavored to
tell of the suffering and privations ; hadn't a mouthful to eat in fbrly-eight
liours, and every body in town was either dead or down with the fever. "That
is very bad, indeed," replied the doctor, " but how is it that the country people
do not furnish supplies when there is so much destitution?" "Oh, sir," said
the antiquated specimen of African anatomj', " dat's easy 'nough 'splained.
You see, sir, dey pontooned agin every body, and dey quit comin' here, sir; dat's
how dat come about, sir." The doctor has now a new subject for discussion
before the Memphis Howard Medical Society as a preventive of the spread of
yellow fever.
Appeal, October 5th. — "We took occasion, a few days ago, to speak of the
fiiithful service and arduous laliors of that good man. Colonel W. S. Pickett,
who has charge of the office of the Howard Medical Directory. He is still on
duty, as faithful and diligent as ever, and manages the affiiirs of the office in
such manner as to have won the esteem of the entire corps of ])hysicians. The
old gentleman told a good joke on himself yesterday, winch we feel compelled
to print, A couple were married recently, the bridegroom comparatively a
stranger, Colonel Pickett being one of the few of his acquaintances. The
colonel thought it would be in order to extend congratulations in per.S(>n, and,
provi<ling himself with an elegant bouquet, about nine o'clock at night, the hour
when in the good old days of yore festivities on such occasions were ' reddiot,"
he called at the residence. The doors were closed, but he knocked once, twice,
even thrice, before he could get a response. Finally the door was opened by an
elderly lady, to whom he made known his mission. He told her tliat he had
called to congratulate the newly-married couple and salute the bride, ' Bless
your dear heart,' .said the lady, ' they i-etired two hours ago.' ' H'/iai .'' exclaimed
the colonel, with an emphasis that startled the old lady, but then, checking
himself, he handed her the bouquet, asking her to please pi'eserve it till morn-
ing and then present it to the bride with his compliments. Colonel Pickett
says they don't do things now like they did when he was a boy."
The Appeal, October .5th. — "Camp Joe William>:, by the Hernando Road, is
between five and six miles from the city. Under tlie same command, and in
tlie immediate vicinity of ' Camp Joe,' are Camp Sndth, Camp Griffin, Cam])
Wade, and the camps of the Blulf City Grays, and Captain Glass's colored
company. The bids upon which these camps are situated are covered with fine
forests, and Captain Cameron states that everyone is apparently well satisfied with
camp life and rations. Eight hundred and nine persons are receiving rations,
tliey being &o»a /!(fe residents of the camps ; no individual can receive rations
that is not I'egistered at one of the camps. From Dr. Nail we learn that there
are six ca.ses of yellow fever and nine cases of malarial fever in the hospital
and camps. Three of the ' Bluffs' are down with the nndarial. Dr. Sample,
from Austin, Mississippi, who acted as assistant physician, died yesterday
(Monday) morning. Dr. Nail has had six assistants, all of whom have died
• 'r left the camp, and the doctor is alone to attend not only the camps, but
I
17 G
A HISTORY OF THE YELLO^V FEVER.
also all the sick Avithina radius of four miles. The disease has heen of a very
mild type, and in most cases easily handled. Jennie McClain, during the ill-
ness or Wade Hampton, was in charge of the hospital ; but Wade haA-ing re-
covered will soon return to duty. On the road to 'Camp Joe,' after passing
the Poston place, there are small camps of two and three tents at every mile,
the inliabitants of which appear to enjoy camp life to the utmost. The num-
ber of women and children around these camps, their merry shouts of laughter,
and their hurried rush to the roadside to bid us good-bye as we whirled along
in our buggy, soon made it apparent that we had left ' Yellow Jack ' miles in
the rear of us."
Appeal, October 5th. — "On Sunday last, a number of heart-stricken citizens
repaired to Elmwood Cemetery for the purpose of visiting the fcesh-made
graves of their loved and lost, and spreading flowers on the earth-hillocks that
marked those sacred spots. But to their horror and dismay, the graves of the
dead could not be found, notwithstanding the long and patient search made by
the mourners and by the employes of the cemetery. This is a horrible fact to
have to disclose, because it is well calculated to awaken the deepest alarm in
the minds of hundreds of citizens who had their loved ones interred at Elm-
wood. It will be well to remember how the dead daily encumbered the grave-
yard, and how a hundred coffins lay around Elmwood dailyawaiting interment,
which had to be postponed for days, sometimes, owing to the scarcity of grave-
diggers, the terrible death-rate, and the sickness of those in charge of the
cemetery during the gloomy days of September, when the fever- pest gathered
in two hundred victims a day. Those who died during those days, and whose
relatives had not lots to bury their dead, purchased private graves in that part
of the cemetery known as Cha{)el Hill. The dead were taken out, and the
coffins, boxes, etc., were laid down on the rank grass, which locations, accord-
ing to the then suiierintendent of the cemetery and those having charge of the
interments, were the exact spots designated as lots number so-and-so. The
graves could not be dug until the next day, and the relatives and friends of
the dead could not, of course, wait to see their dead interred. It now turns
out that in these days but little attention was paid to the manner of interments.
Long trenches were dug and the coffins Avere placed .therein, side by side, re-
gardless of the tact that, in many instances, private graves Avith regular num-
bers were purchased and promised to be furnished. How can the living now
find their dead? Can they feel certain (unless an exhumation takes place)
that beneath the sod on Aviiich they kneel and pray and spread immortelles
rests their OAvn beloved dead? Certainly not. On Sunday last, it Avould make
one's heart ache to have seen a gentleman searching for the lost grave of his
Avife at Elmwood Cemetery. He had purchased a private grave, but it can
not be found, and the horrible belief that his Avife had been buried in the
trench or ditch haunted the unfortunate man as he Avandered around, searching
and Aveeping. He had flow'ers to strew on the graA'e, but he searched in vain.
The employes of the gi-ave-yard searched in vain. The grai'-e Avas lost. A lady,
at the same time, Avas searching for a jirivate graA'e on Chapel Hill, but that
graA'e was also lost, and the treacherous ditches near by the place suggested
the fate of the loved one Avho died. The jiresent employes at Elmwood are
new people, Avho Avei'e not there during the dark death days of September, and
they know nothing of tlie past. Many of the old employes have died, othere
are absent. As one of the present employes said : " In September, every thing
Avas in a horrible condition here; there Avas no order nor sj'stem folloAved as to
burying the dead, and many of those entitled to private graves Avere put in
the trenches." The negro grave-diggei-s tell tales as to how the dead were
buried in these days, tales not well calculated to assure tlie living that their
dead were bui-ied in accordance Avith directions, or in such grax^es as had been
A IIISTOKY OF TJIE YELLO^V FEVER.
177
specially purchased for such purpose^. There is no one to blame, probaltiv, l)ut
the horrible fact exists nevertheless."
Avalanche, October 5th. — -"New cases in the clt_y and sidnirbs, 139. Deaths,
thirty-five. The Citizens' Kelief Comniittce are establishinp: depots in the
suburbs and country adjacent. A depot has already been estal^lished in the
eighteenth civil district (eastward), that includes also the fifth and fourteenth.
Depots are to bo opened on next Monday. Also, one in Nc»rth Meniphi,*, another
in South Memphis, and one in the fifteenth civil district (north-cast of the eitv).
In addition, there is Camp Joe Williams, ^vith GOO residents, and 200 others
near by, who are receiving relief; also, Caniji Father Mathew, with 400 resi-
dents, and 100 near by ; Camj) Benjes, with 200. When rations are issued to
the ditierent camps, they are delivered to rcsponsil)le parties in charge, who
take good, care that the rations go to the proper person.s."
Appeal Octobsr 5t]i. — " We published yesterday, from the London Sffimlurd
and tlie New York Tiine'^ extracts from editorials eulogistic of the courage and
endurance of the people of the fSouth during this epitlemic. Both have at-
tracted very general attention, and both have found a place, with more or less
of commendation and indorsement, in the leading jmpcrs of the Union, north
and south. To us who sliare in this geiierous measure of approbation of the
performance of an unusually perilous duty, the words of our contemporaries —
the one a leading northern Republican journal, and the other the steadfast ad-
mirer and friend of the South — come laden with a strength to sustain and en-
courage that only those can appreciate who have watched the weary, heavy-
footed hours pass away, bearing with theni our bravest and our hest. The
strain and tension of mind in the contemplation of the awful facts of sixty-five
days, during which 4,800 men, women, and children have died of the fever, out of
a population at no time within that limit more than 10,000, would have been
more than the stoutest heart among us could have with.stood, were it not for
such warm and heartfelt messages of symiiathy a.s those we refer to. These
kindly words have opened hearts that were steeling themselves in despair, and
tears of relief have flowed freely, attesting the consolation of sympathy and the
poAver of speech even from across the sea. Duiing this awful harvest-time of
death our churches have been closed and all business has been suspended,
and the only relief or release from mental strain was found in fitful sleep,
snatched in the intervals of calls that no one could disobey. It was death in the
morning, at noon, and at night. But it was not to dwell upon the wearying acts
of a dreary tragedy not yet closed, still less to plume ourselves as upon a vic-
tory not yet won, that we commenced this article. Our purpose was the more
pleasing one of suggesting to the Standard that, while all that it says is true of
the pluck and endurance of the southern peojile under the provocations of war,
pestilence, and famine, there is something to l)e said for our brethren of the
North, whose constancy, steadiness, and devotion to their cause, bravery and
persistence in battle, and enduranco in a prolonged contest that taxed all their
energies and a skill and resources unequaled, have few parallels in history. To
no other peoiile could we of the South have sui-rendered. IMagnanimous on the
field so fiercely contested, despite the hazards of political disputes, they have
many times since April, 1865, extended us the right hand of fellowship, full
up and flowing over with good gifts, tendered with a manly spirit that roblied
the generous tender of the humiliations of charity. The same men who led
the armies of the North, the same journalists who inspired those armies, and
the same religious teachers, and the same noble, heroic women who originated
and sustained amid the heat of battle, and the excitement of sometimes peril-
ous popular commotions, the grandest beneficence ever conceived of for the re-
lief of soldiers in the field, have been foremost in the heaven-sent work of our
relief in weeks, that are the dreariest in our calendar Unwearied in their
178
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVm.
tasks, as did Josejih Avith his brethren, they have filled our sacks to overflow-
ing, many, many times, and yet they are not done. From far Oregon and
Montana to Vermont, from villages, towns, and cities of all the busy northern
►States, from the miners' camp, the newsboys' home, from the banker and the
farmer, the professor and the mechanic, from all classes of that section of our
country where American ingenuity has found its largest field of conquest, and
whose industries challenge the world in vain for a comparison — from this seat
of a great industrial population unmatched by any other on the earth, the gifts
of an intelligent help and a toucliing sympathy have come, saving many thou-
sands of our stricken ones from death, and lighting our dreary pathway with
the light of an enduring brDtherly love. ' Blood Is thicker than water.' Of
the same race, sjieaking the same tongue, the heirs of the same liberties, and
citizens of the same glorious country, no memories of sectional divisions, of
political animosities, or of civil war, have been allowed to stay the steady flow
of the bounteous stream that has brought us, with all else, the assurance that
ive are one people in fact as well as In name, and that beyond the froth and
fuss of politics, and the deceits and dangers of demagogues, the popular heart
is safe, yielding only of Its fidlness when challenged in the cause of humanity
and brothers' lives are at stake."
One of the most modest and best of our citizens engaged in the blessed task
of nursing the sick and caring for the indigent was jNIr. JNI. S. Jobe, who died
October 6th, of a second attack of the yellow fever. Though he had just con-
valesced from what was deemed a light attack, and was hardly equal to the
task, he promptly sent in his name when the Howard Association called for
members, and was gladly accepted, and at once assigned to duty. Five weeks
of mo.-t difficult labor in the eighth ward proved too much for him, and he at
last gave way, notwithstanding he was sustained by the best medical skill and.
the most fiithful nursing.
The wife of Mr. Abadie, a French citizen, died at Fort Pickering. Mr.
Abadle and his children were stricken Avith the fever. Dr. Luppo Avas called to
attend them, and all became nearly convalescent. Mr. Abadie continually
brooded on the loss of his Avife, but steadily grew better every day. On Satur-
day, October 5th, the physician called, and found all so far recovered as to
report them convalescent. The next day, hoAvever, he Avas called to see Mr.
Abadie, but, on arriving at his house, found him dead. The children said
when the doctor called last on Saturday, and went aAvay, theii' father dismissed
the nurse, and made them bring him several bottles, Avhich, on examination,
Avere found to have contained respectively, laudanum, ergot, and paregoric, but
Avhich were nearly empty. The conclusion arrived at was, that Abadie, In deep
grief at the loss of his wife, had taken the poisonous potions with the determi-
nation of ending his distress by death. Four children were thus left fatherless
and motherless.
Sheriff J. W. Anderson died October 8th, after a brief illness, of yellow
fever. He had been A'ery active during the epidemic as a member of several
relief committees, and In attendance upon the duties of his office, and had, like
many others, gone to his bed broken down. He Avas a good citizen, and enjoyed
the esteem of a Avide circle of friends.
Mr. J. M. Tomeny died of yellow fever October 8tli, after but three days'
illness. The death of a lovely daughter and of his wife, Avhom he burled a few I
days previously, preyed upon his mind to an extent undermining his strength,
so that he fell an easy prey to the scourge that has taken so many.
Avalanche, October 8th. — "It is Avith much regret Ave announce the death of
that good man and useful citizen, Mr. John A. Holt, paying-teller of the Bank
of Commerce of Memphis. Mr. Holt, when nearly all his associates fled the
city, remained at his post, knowing full well the importance of liis trust and the
A TIISTOr.Y OF THE YELLOW FEVE3.
179
gooJ work he could aceomi>lish through his bank in aid of suffering Inimanity.
Early and late he could be found at his place, and many a want was relieved
through his kind offices. ' Deatli loves a shining mark,' and no brighter
(ibject could have attracted the attention of the grim visitor than John A.
Holt. He was born on these bluffs in 1820, a son of that old respected citizen,
Nc>al B. Holt. He leaves a wife and a helpless fanuly of children, the mother
at present an invalid."
Appeal, October 8th. — " The steamer JoJtii M. Cluimhers, loaded at St. Louis,
at the suggestion of ex-Grovernor Alex. Sheplierd, of Washington, with medical
and other supplies and clothing, for tlie people of the fever-stricken towns on
the Mississippi River, tied up at tlie landing yestei'day for a couple of liours,
daring whicli two of the doctors on board came up town and interviewed our
authorities. She visited Hickmnn on Sunday, and will stop at every town and
landing ijetween this city and Vickslnirg, distributing supplies where needed.
As we said a few days ago, this is a practical benevolence of which the people
of Washington and St. Louis, and all wlio contributed toward it, may well
feel ju'oud. Governor Slieplierd has linked his name with it indissolubly, and
will always be remembered by the people of the Mi.ssissippi valley."
AppeM, October 8th.—" Major W. T. Walthall, of the Can't-Get-Away Club,
of Mobile, left the city yesterday for his home, near ]Mississi])pi City, where
his family is closely besieged by the plague. Since his arrival here the major
has done good work among the sick, and has increased the list of friends he
made when, in 1873, in the same heroic spirit, he came to our help. We
part with him with a deep regret, as deep as tliat he felt in leaving the scene
of his God-appoiiited labors, well knowing that nothing but the inipei-ative calls
from his home, wdiich no man is at liberty to di.«obey, could take him from us
until the epidemic had been declared over. He carries with him the !)est
wishes of all classes of our people, coupled with earnest prayers for the satiety
of his wife and children. His devotion to the cause of humanity ought to be
their shield at such a time, and so, we trust, when he reaches home, lie will
find it."
Appeal, October 8th. — " From almost every town of Louisiana and Mississippi,
and our own State, affected I)y the fever, we get news of its rapid spread in
the surrounding country. Removed from the centers, where the benevolence
of the L^^nion has collected medical assistance and supplies, the sufferings and
deaths among the planters, in proportion to ca-ses, must be a great increase over
what we have mourned over the past nine weeks. We hope, therefore, that
the Howard Associations of New Orleans and Vicksburg, as ours has done,
will organize railroad relief trains, and, as near as possible, bring their multi-
plied blessings to every .suffering home. There is no time to lose. The planters
and their hands .should he cared for to the utmost of the ability of New Or-
leans, Vicksburg, and Memphis, which, if they have not funds and supplies
enough, can make a fresh appeal to the country, whicli has never turned a deaf
ear, but lias always holdout full and willing liands."
Aralanche, Oetob?r 8th, — "Yesterday there was one continuous call for
nurses, and the demand was, in excess of the supply. In addition to the re-
«piest for nurses in the .suburbs, appeals for physicians, nurses, and supjilies
were received from Brownsville (fifty-seven miles). Masons (thirty miles), Gal-
loway's (forty miles), Paris (o::e hundred and fiCty miles), on Louisville Kail-
road; Collierville (twenty-two miles), Moscow (forty miles), Tuscumijia (one
hundred and thirty-seven miles), on Memphis and Charleston Railroad, and
Garner (seventy-five miles), south, on Mississippi and Tenueseee Railroad.
Reports from these and other points wdiere the fever has, made its appearance,
IS truly startling. The cry of distress which we were forced to give utterance
to six weeks ago, is now being echoed on every breeze that comes wafted to us
182
A HISTORY OF THE YELLO'V FEVER,
breathed his last. Not one of all the volunteer physicians more endeared
himself to the people of Memphis, and his untimely death oast a shadow over
u community bowed down with the weight of woe.
Avalandie, 17th. — "Tonight we write with hope filling our breast. The
death record in the cit}^ is the smallest since the fever was declared epidemic on
the 23d of August last. At last we can .see the begirming of the end. Every
thing looks favorable. A heavy rain, which began falling at 9 o'clock, still
continues, with indications of the weather turning cold, and bringing the frost
that will end our present woes. The absentees can not watch with greater
anxiety the progress of the fever, than do we -who are here in the very midst
of death ; and every favorable turn of the epidemic is to us the knowledge
that we will soon bs joined by loving friends. Their return Avill be hailed with
joy and gladness, but in the happiness of the meeting many a familiar face will
be missing. Elmwood, that ' silent city of the dead,' contains the loved forms
of hundreds who, in their devotion to the cause of suffering hun)anity, paid
with their lives the love they bore their fellow-man. Their noble sacrifice may
j^erhaps be rewarded in the Great Beyond. They fell martyrs, and their mem-
ories should ever be revered liy the living, for whom they died."
In the death of Mr. John G. Lonsdale, Sr., Avhich sad event occurred on the
2d of October, Memphis lost one of her oldest and most reputable ciLi2iens.
For thirty years he iiad been engaged in the fire insurance business, and dur-
ing that time had maintained a high character for capacity and integrity. He
was a member of the Howard Association, and from the beginning of the epi-
demic had labored with a devotion worthy a much younger and stronger man,
in behalf of the sick and destitute.
One of the terrible results of the epidemic "was the large number of de-
mented people developing from the effects of the yellow fever.
Of the entire police force of forty-eight men and officers, there Avere only
thirty-one Avho remained on duty Avhen the feA^er broke out. Of this number,
ten died, fifteen had the fever and convalesced, and five escaped altogether.
Of those Avho resigned and left the city, two took the fever and died in their
place of refuge.
W J. B. Lonsdale, the last of the family of the late lamented John G.
Lonsdale, Sr., died ou the night of November 3d, after a comparatively short
attack of the fever. He returned to the city before it Avas officially announced
that it was safe to do so, and paid the penalty of such imprudence Avith his
life.
" Let sweet-A^oiced Mercy plead for her, who calmly sleep? beneath the sod;
nor erring man in pride usurp the 2:)romise of her judge, her God." This is a
beautiful sentiment, the inspiration of one who fell with " his face to tiie en-
emy" during the epidemic of 1S73. The tombstone on which it is engraved
jnarks the burial place of a fallen woman, but one Avhose charities and good
deeds flir outnumbered her sins. The author, whose charity for that Avomaii's
sins Avas thus worded, died during the epidemic just past. Hundreds knew
him and hundreds mourn his loss.
Ira Trout, of 192 Poplar, a working Howard, while in the heat of fever,
in the absence of the nurse, got out of his bed and crawled on his hands and
knees to a Avashbowl of ice-water and drank over a quart and finished off with
a half liottle of port Avine, and yet .he recovered.
J. Kirchener, a shoemaker, Avell known in INIemphis, after nursing seA'eral
of his family, Avho died, took the fever, but did not take off his clothes until
he recovered. He nursed himself and refused the attendance of a doctor or
nurses. He cooked his own foiMl, although suffering from a severe attack, and
ate it when and in what (jnautities he chose, and yet recoA'ered.
Dr. McGregor, of G)vington, Tenn., against the. remonstrances of liis
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEK.
nurses, and perfectly sane, went into tlie yard to a pnmp and drank heavily of
water, but died very suddenly from the effects of his indiscretion.
Mr. Fred. Brennan, local editor of the Appeal, was in bed ten weeks, pci-
haps the worst case of yellow fever on record. He had black vomit tliree
times and the hiccoughs twice — once for twenty-four hours and once for cinht
hours— and yet recovered. A vigorous constitution and a will that nothing
could break down brought him through.
Miss Clay, residing on AVashington Street, who had the yellow ftver in
1^73, attentled with black vomit, also had a severe attack of the fever in 1878,
with black vomit and hiccoughs for thirty-six hours, yet she recovered.
Maria Hayden, residing on Alabama Street, while her temperature was 104°,
went to the pump and drank freely of water, ate ice, pound cake, and drank
condensed milk out of the original package, also drank champagne and porter.
It was impossible to keep tlie clothes on her, or prevent her from getting up
wliilc the fever was at its heiglit, and yet she recovered.
]Miss Mary Sandberg, of Winchester Avenue, had a severe attack of fever,
and, as her nurse describes, small pimples resembling small-pox covered her
entire person. Her father bled her, j^et she recovered. Her father, an old
sailor, who had seen yellow fever in the West Indies, believed in blood-letting,
and in operating on himself with a razor cut the jugular vein and died in fif-
teen minutes.
A little son of Mr. Goldsmith (l)rokcr) had black vomit and hemorrhage for
three days and recovered.
John Latsch, whose kidneys were in an abnormal condition — creating an en-
tire suppression of urine — was treated with jwultice of onions on alxlomcn,
and after three days of this treatment, and walking him up and down the room,
the .secretions were started, but too late for his recovery. He died while on
one of his pedestrian tours.
James DufJey, 12 Alabama Street, aftei' having Ijlack vomit six hours, got
up from his bed, washed himself, changed his underch)thing, dressed himself,
and went down town. The next day he did the same thing, taking a body
bath, and went on the Raleigh Road a half mile, vomiting black vomit all tlie
■vvay. He died a few minutes after his return home from his last trip.
In the middle of August, many people pawned watches, diamonds, and even
silver spoons to raise money enough to get away from the city. ]Many small
depositors drew their respective accounts from bank and de})arted. Persons
went away with as little as ten or fifteen dollars, as their total worldly possessions.
Lengthy, populous streets in Memjshis were left w'ithout a dozen families re-
siding thereon. The occupants disappeared as if by magic. Some streets
Avere wholly deserted by their white inhal)itants, only c(jlored servants — not
deemed liable to the disease — remaining.
A doctor called to attend an Irishman, residing in Fort Pickering, ab(nit a
mile from Court square, fljund his patient far advanced in the convalescent
stage and disposed to be humorous. He told the doctor, also an Irishman, that
lie was very mad the day he vvas taken with the fever. He said that on that
day the last of three of his friends had died, and he called in a negro man
and gave him ten dollars to wash and dress the corpse. This he did satisfac-
torily. Having been paid and disnussed, the narrator bethought him that his
dead friend had expressed a desire to be laid out and buried in the I'egalia of
the society he belonged to. He, therefore, ran after the negro, overhauled
liim, told him what he wanted, promising him five dollars additional for its
]iprformance. When they got back to the house, he told the negro to look in
the wardrobe and he wouhl find the regalia, which, he said, must be put on
immediately, as in a few minutes the hearse would be there. The colored man
went to the, wardrobe, took out what he supposed was the regalia, put it on,
134
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
and reported the performance of his task. When the undertaker arrived and
was about to screw down the lid of the coffin, he looked and saw a very laugh-
able sight. He called the friend of the dead man, who said to the doctor,
" What d'ye suppose I saw ? The bloody ould stupid naggur had put a hai-le-
quin costume on me friend, the one he wore last Mardi-Gras." "And did you
bury him in it?" asked the doctor. " Begorra, we did. The undertaker
did n't have time to wait for the change to be made, and I did n't want to make
the change if he had, and so Dennis wint to glory all colors and spangles."
Two little children, Sallie and Lulu Lester, were left by their father at the
Citizens' Relief Committee's headquarters, and immediately the father disap-
peared. The little girls were taken in charge and carried to Camp Joe -Wil-
liams, where they were made wards of the Bluff City Grays — " Daughters of
the Regiment."
A visitor of the Howard Association encountered a horrible scene upon en-
tering a house on Commerce Street, Sunday, August 25th. Upon a Ijed lay
the living and the dead — a husband cold and stiff, a wife in the agony of disso-
lution. 0;i the floor, tossing in delirium, were two children of this pair, and
beside them their cousins, two little girls, themselves sick. To complete the
repulsiveness of the scene, and give it a touch of disgusting horror, a drunken
man and a drunken woman, parents of two of the little fever-baked girls, were
reeling and cursing, and stumbling over the dying and the dead.
A sick man's lady friend wi'ote : " Please let me come." When his fi'iends
thought the die was cast, they consented to his summoning her. Boldly she
laid aside her hat, pushed back her hair, and forcing a smile to her lips,
entered the room. Some of his male friends stood outside on the door steps
and inquired " how the dear old boy was getting along."
" I remember," says Mr. H. I. Simmons, a Howard, "one sight we visited in
the neighborhood of the Louisville dejjot. The air was horribly soaked with
the sickening odor of dead bodies. We went into one house where six jiersons
had already been reported down. A new case was reported here, and we
called to remove it, as our rules were to take every body to the infirmary when
sick less than twent^^-four hours, and, after that, to .the hospital, if their con-
dition would permit. This poor devil had been lying on the floor thirty-six
hours. We put him in an ambulance and drove away, but had not gone far
when he called to us to 'Stop, for God's sake, stop!' I made the driver halt.
The sick man gasped a little, and said, ' I am going, sir; stop the driver here,
for I will soon die.' In seven minutes he was dead."
One night in August, one of those beautiful nights when the harvest moon
shone with a brilliancy peculiar to the tropics, a Howard visitor was making
his way through the deserted and gloomy streets on an errand of mercy to
receive the last messages of a dying colleague. Wiiile walking along in an
aimless, mechanical sort of a way, his ears were saluted with the voice of a
woman singing a melody which had lulled him to rest in his mother's arms durir.g
infancy. He halted in his tracks, and was so impressed by the singular occur-
rence that he determined to follow it up and ascertain from whom it pro-
ceeded. Guided by the voice, he reached a neat cottage en route to his desti-
iiation, and, peering through the open window, saw a middle-aged woman
caressing a child, and pacing the floor as she sang. Prompted by some
irresistible impulse, he turned tlie door-knob, and, entering the room, accosted
the inmate. She paid no attention to his salutation, and then he observed by
her peculiar manner, her wandering eye, and general appearance, that she was
crazed. Hurrying out into the street, he procured the assistance of a negro
woman and returned to the house of sorrow. After some delay she was
quieted temporarily, and being relieved of that which she held in her arms, it
was found to be an infant a few months old, dead, and in a condition of decom-
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
185
position. The mother was coaxed out of the room after a prolonged effort, and
her child prepared for burial. She is now said to be a confirmed lunatic, and
iu the retreat to which she has been committed she paces the waixl with a
bundle in her arms crooning a lullaby to what she imagines is her living l)abe.
Her husband had died a few days previous to this occurrence, her family had
one by one been curried out to the " ti-enches," and, her last hope dying with
her last born, her mind, already shattered, became a hopeless wreck.
Numerous instances are recited where the dying and sick were measured for
grave-clothes and coffins from ten to twelve hours before dissolution, the
jVitients being fully conscious of all that was taking place.
The poor and many of the middle classes often died unattended. Some
breathed their last iu the streets, and others in their own houses, where ihe
stench arising from their dead bodies and the fermenting of medicines or otlur
preventives they had taken made the first discovery of their deaths. A feeling of
extreme terror existed in the breasts of every body, and it was always regarded
that whom ^Esculapius, Hii)pocrates, or Galen, were they living, inight pronounce
in good health at sunrise, might be dead at sunset. Instances were related where
the Howard visitor, on following a street to discover a dead person, found that tlie
moment a door leading to it was open the body would burst. A dead Chinaman,
when discovered, was much eaten by rats. Revolting as these cases may be,
they form their part in the horrible histoi-y of the plague at ]Memj)his.
A scene behind a door at No. 32 St. Martin Street, illustrated the manner
in which many negroes neglected the sick of their race. A dead negro boy lay
upon the floor, and a tottering, fever-burned victim was handing a dipjier of
water to a delirious man lying on an old ragged quilt. Negroes, well men, lived
in scores of houses around, but not one could be prevailed upon to enter the
place. A brave white lady, disgusted with so much inhumanity, herself
entered the house, taking oil and nuistard. This, however, was no rare case.
Those Avho were buried in the trenches were all coffined, and these were
jiacked ns close to each other as possilile. It would not be possible to identify
or disinter the remains of any particular person who sleeps in these pits.
IMounds have been shaped over the trenches, which give all the external apjjear-
ance of the regular mode of burial, but there will average about three subjects
to every two mounds.
A jM'inter was allowed to die by the nurse in attendance, also a ]iatient in
Hopefield, Ark., who was obliged to leave a sick bed and compel the flight of a
drunken nurse at the muzzle of a gun. Such instances were not numerous,
but the Howards used every precaution to prevent their repetition, and finally
succeeded in weeding out the unreliable and incompetent nurses the e})idemic
brought forth.
C. G. Fisher, President of the Relief Committee, labored incessantly night
and day in the discharge of his official duties, as did Lonsdale, the Treasurei-,
and Clark, the Secretary. The consequence was that, when stricken, their sys-
tems were too exhausted to sustain the shock, and they died before a favorable
reaction could be produced.
" There was no factor in the sum of elements that contributed more nobly and
effectually to sustain the fading ho])es of this people than the press," wrote the
correspondent of the ('hicago Tribune, "and to the editors of the daily journals,
more than to any other personal efforts, is the city under obligations for the
absence of riot, rapine, bloodshed, and chaos. These brave men stood to their
posts when death stalked amid their ranks and took their choicest spirits."
My. Langstafi', Mr. Johnson, Louis Daltroof, Messrs. Simmons, Hargrove,
and several other members of the Howard Association, accompanied the writer
[a correspondent of the Louisville Courier- Journal'] on a visit to the beautiful
Elmwood Cemetery. The drive from the Peabody Hotel to the graves is about
186
A HISTORY OF THE VEI.LOW FEVEPw
fo:ir miles. Almost eveiy liouse alon"' the route had its inelancholy history,
and many brief and sad incidents were related as we passed the desolated man-
sions of the wealthy, the dwellings of the prosperous merchants, the homes of
the mechanic and the cottages of the laboring men. Each had presented a
different and peculiarly touching scene, which was vividly recalled by niein-
l)3rs of the party as we rode along. The character of these scenes and incidents
may be learned by a few which were jotted down by one of the party for me
at random :
"Ther3 lived INIr. -, who became delirious, jumped out of that seccnd-
story window, and killed himself. His wife died the same night, and they
were both buried the next day."
"Three persons died in that little cott«ige."
"Nine persons were taken to the potters' field, all in one load, from that
dwelling across the way."
"In that neat little dwelling, surrounded by flowers and shrubbery, lived a
happy family, consisting of father, mother, and four chiLlren — they are now
all in the cemetery."
" That store is the one in which there died four clerks who had succeeded
each other rapidly in that capacity. Alter the death of the fourth one, none
cjuld be found to accept the place."
" Five corpses were taken out of that old shanty one night after 12 o'clock."
And so on in a similar strain to the end of the trip.
Fmiv dead bodies were found, on the 2d of September, at A'arious places
within the city, all doubtless of persons "who died without attendance of any
kind. One was found in the rear of a residence, his face parti)' consumed by
rats. Two others were lying in the old library building, on Jefferson Street,
and another in a house on Union Street.
A man by the name of Townsley deserted his wife and child, while sick at
27 Main Street. President Langstaff, of tl.e Howards, took the child in his
arm?, put the mother in an ambulance, and raw the pair comfortabljj located
at the infirmary.
A kind-hearted lady was going to see a sick friend when she heard her
n.ime called. Turning, she saw a slender girl, dressed in mourning, advancing
toward her. As tlie child came nearer, she recognized in her the daughter of
a neighbor who had died the day before near the city. The little girl tlirew
her arms about the lady, and, sobbing, cried: " You aren't afraid of me, are
y.)u?" "No, my dear," w^as the soothing lesponse. "Every bod)^ tdte is,"
said the poor child. "They Avon't come near me because papa died of the
fever, and we were with him, I and mamma." The little girl's heart was stung by
the chilling repulsion which came to her in so deep a sorrow.
Seven men employed in one store were stricken down in one day, and the
establishment closed.
Tne giant Death struck heavily when he took Mr. Ed. "Worsham, who de-
parted this life on Sunday, September loth. None stood more manfully to
their poits than he. He was a i)rominent Mason, and Avas active and untiring
in behalf of the poor, the sick, the destitute, and the dying.
A man by the name of Callahan — a widower — a carpenter, who had borne
a good character here, left his children at the beginning of the epidemic, went
to Louisville, married again, and sent bnck, like several others, "Take care
of my children." Those children Avere all dead or dying, but the cautious
pireat took good care not to put in a personal appearance.
Oa the 17th of September, died J. W. Heath, an active member of the
How.ird Association, who was conspicuous for his untiring labors in the cause
of suffering humanity; also Vincent Baccigaluppo, one of our leading Italian
citizens, and long a resident of this city.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER,
187
" Last of all in this .'^ad d)'aina of death, of whom I have to speak," "wrote
the correspondent of the Louisville Vourier-Jourual, "is the nndertaker, he
wlio carried corpses to potter's liekl, and buried many in Einiwood. Jolm
Walsh, at No. 341 Second Street, Mempiiis, next door to the post-office, had
the contract for burying paupers in Memphis and Shelby County, and liad
charge of all iutennents of that class during tlie fever. An interview with
him disclosed the fact that very many persons of means and high social
positions were handed to him for the potter's field, merely because there Avere
no living friends of the deceased at hand to have them 'put away' in a
different manner. Lnmediately after any death the whole Jieighboihood
l)ecame clamorour-; for the instant removal of the corpse, and it Avas owing to
this constant urging that many were hurried to an Innnble grave, who, under
a dil&rent state of affairs, would have sleju in choice lots at Elmwood. As
many cases of the above description exist, I give tlie particulars of a few of
the most prominent, as related by Mr. Walsh : Dr. Nelson, a man of con-
siderable wealth, Thos. F. JNIcUall, a merchant of some prominence, and Mr,
Kinney, a cotton planter and speculator, who resided a part of the ymv at
Memphis, and spent the other portion at some point in Arkansas, all died of
fever, and now sleep in unknown potter's fields. A cotton broker, named
FJack, and his whole family, consisting of seven persons, are dead and in the
potter's field, except one child, which was buried in Elmwood Cemetery, In
the family of Rev. Mr. Arnold, a JMethodist minister, were five persons, all
of whom died, and four of whom were put in paupers' graves; the other, a
child, was sent to some one of the graveyards and ])laced in a marked grave.
Nine-tenths of those who are buried in the potter's field sleep in unknown
graves. Those which are known were marked by friends who were present
wiien the bodies were brought out, and simply wrote the name on a jnece of
plank and placed it at the head of the grave for future identification. Theie
were no trenches dug at the jiotter's field, but every body taken there was
placed in a separate grave, which was dug five feet deep. The largest nnm-
her of pauper fun'erals in one day was one hundred and nine. Mr. Walsh
buried in all, as pauper undertaker, from August 1-5, 1878, to October 1, 1878,
two thousand bodies. During this ]ieriod he also attended to five hundred
calls on private contract. The establishment employed, during the period
above given, about one hundi-ed and thirty hands. They paid their grave-
diggers two dolhu'S per day, and twenty cents per hour extra for night-work.
They lost by fever fourteen grave-diggers, one coftin-trinimer, one stable-man,
and two coffin-makers."
A physician in his daily rounds was called upon to visit a negro residing in
a ])ortion of the city known as "Fort Pickering." LTpon interrogating the
patient as to his symptoms, he rejilied that "there was great indignation of
pain in his head." Pursuing his in(]uiries further, he was informed, with all
the gravity of sincerity, that to pi-omote liis convalescence his colored nibs
must be furnished witii a piano !
John Tliomas and Miss Beatrice Johnson met each other dui'ing the ejii-
demic; while botb were engaged in the n(jl)le mission of tending the unfoj-tu-
nute sick and distressed, fell in love at first sight, got married, and are living
happily and contented.
Li this great drama of deatb, those who played prominent parts were nurse,
physician, and undertaker. Let us consider them separately. The nurse, I
shall first speak of. The largest number on duty at any time by authority of
the Howards was a trifle over four thousand. They came from all sections,
included nearly all nationalities, and were good, bad, and indifferent. Between
black and white, there was but little difference in efficiency, except the intelli-
gence of the one over the other. Certainly, so far as the record goes, there
188
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
was less rascality among the blacks than the whites. The colored nurses
realized that any bad behavior would cause their death. Lamp-posts were
their dread, and had any of them been guilty of outrage or tlieft their speedy
doom would have been settled. The whites were bolder; and in their ranks
Avere some of as vicious vultures as ever disgraced humanity or robbed the
dead. The colored nurses made up in flxithful attention all tliey lacked in
intelligence, and their record is one to be justly proud of. The best nurses are
said to have come from Savannah, Ga., and Port Royal, S. C. A jMiss D.
Murdock is said to have proven a most excellent nurse. She comes from a
good family in Louisiana, and when the fever broke out was teaching school
in Milwaukee. Gentle, good, and kind, a woman whose greatest happiness
was ill soothing the dying or seeking to save the sick, Miss Murdock went
through the entire epidemic, drawing nothing for her services — one in many
thousands whose presence in the chamber of death was not caused by the ho]5e
of pecuniary benefit. The Catholic and Episcopal sisters renewed their his-
tory of the past, gloriously following in the footsteps of their noble predeces-
sors. The mortality among the sisters, priests, and brothers, President
LanstafF related to me, Avas terrible in the extreme. Everj^ volunteer to lend
a helping hand was propelled by some motive to Memphis, either noble or
vicious. The Catholic and Episcopal sisters were sincere in their professions,
and so were some others. There were those persons who, by grief or adversity,
sought ' ' surcease from sorrow." Women whose husbands had forsaken them, men
whose wives were not what they seemed to be ; this class composed a large ele-
ment of the nurses whose names did not find their way on the "black list."
" If there were evidences of the fellow-feeling which makes the whole worki kin de-
veloped," continues the heroic correspondent of the Chicago Tribune, "there were
also cases of inhumanity equally pronounced and unprecedented! v brutal. Your
readers are familiar with the cases of wealthy men who left the city, and in
places of safety mocked at the calamities of their fellows; of the wealthy
lawyer who left his help to be supplied by the Relief Committee ; of the land-
owner who ordered his employes' salaries to be cut clown ;' of Donovan, and
others. But I have heard of their counterparts. The owner of a eotton-
giu, a bachelor and a man of wealth, sporting diamonds and fast horses, was
among the first to flee. He left three sisters and an aged father, without
means, and subject to the fever. When the epidemic was at its height, and
one of the sisters had died, those remaining wrote to him for means to enable
them to leave the city. He wrote them a cowardly letter, inclosing ?5 and
an order on Flaherty & Sullivan, inidertakers, for a coffin. After some
trouble, the father was sent out of tlie city on money borrowed from friends,
and the sisters were left to take care of themselves."
At 62 Madison Street, September 20th, the remains of a colored woman
were found, who had evidently been dead for four or five days. The rats had
nearly devoured the corp.se. Reports were numerous of coi'pses lying unburied
for two or three days.
Madam Vincent, the wife of Vincent Baccigaluppo, who had died a few days
previously, was buried on Sunday, September 22d. She was highly esteemed
in Memphis, where, by industry and economy, she had accumulated a large
fortune.
Sister Frances, of the Episcopal Church, who had charge of the Church
PLjine, was buried on the 4tli of October. She was one of the noblest women
who ever faced death. No truer heart ever beat.
The remains of a white man were found, early on the morning of October
Dth, at A. J. Vaughn's residence. He had been left in charge of the dwell-
ing, and when found had been dead some hours.
But one outrage of a most serious nature is related, and it remains for this
A HISTORY OF THE YELLfJ'W FEVEU.
189
to be proven true. In this instance the patient -was a hdy, tlic nurse a man.
Her fever was at its most critical point. The man drank until intoxicated.
Tlie woman's delirium coming on, she kicked the covering anVl clothing from her
l)erson. The drunken nurse, with champagne bottle in hand, was found, un-
conscious from the cifects of drink, stretched across the body of the woman,
wlio died l)efore others came in. The early decomposition which follows death
bv yellow fever, and the fict that but a few days before the \\oman had given
birth to a child, prevented ascertaining by outward signs satisfactory evidence
that crime had been committed by the nurse, yet he Wi'.s ari'ested and was held
upon the charge of rape. Investigation afterward proved that he was inno-
cent.
Said a nurse : "I c:ime from Shreveport on Sunday, got here Mondav, went
to work Tuesday, Wednesday my patient was beautiful, Thursday he was
tolerable, Thursday night he was restless, Friday he was dead, and Saturday
he was in hell, for all tliat I know. Oli, I tell you, them was times when
they went to heaven and the other place by telegra]>h, and not over the wires
either — no, indeed."
"The medical hero of the great epidemic was Dr. J. W. IMitchell, the
Medical Director of the Howard Association. Although sorely pressed, Dr.
Mitchell gave me," says the correspondent of the Louisville Ouirirr-Jofiriuil,
" an hour of his time, and to his valuable fund of information is due much of
the contents of this letter. Dr. Mitchell has not made uj") his mind as to the
tirst case, and will say nothing yet as to the best treatment to puj'sue. ' Doc-
tor, can you give me any idea of the mortality here in the ^^resent year from
fever?' 'From the reports of my physicians, of whom at one time there were
sixty on duty, who were required to keep accounts of all cases, deaths, and
])ersons i-emaining, I judge and am convinced that the estimate is vei'v nearly
correct that 16,000 persons remained in Memphis for the fever to feed upon.'
'And the mortality among these?' 'Was simply terrible; the Howard phy-
sicians, including many brave volunteers, took a census of all persons in the
different wards, camps, and suburbs. Upon the report of one physician, who
worked in a section where less cases occurred than in the other, the nundier
taken with the fever is reckoned at 89.2 per cent. This is where the fever
made its last invasion. In the section where it was first felt the per cent, of
persons taken down is reckoned at ninety-nine per cent, of those remaining.'
' How about negroes?' 'They were especially imprudent. If they had not
been so imprudent, I think they wouldn't have had six deaths in a hundred
cases.' 'Then it would be a good thing to be a negro in such epidemics?'
' Yes,' laughed the physician, ' if you could get over a colored man's love for
champagne. That is what killed this class. The moment they Avere con-
valescent they began work on the champagne, and never knew when to quit.
Indeed, there ai'e instances where they came from the country and ran the
I'isk of taking the fever to get champagne. Even poor white people caused
their own deaths by wanting it when convalescent, and I at one time prevented
its distribution, except when orders were indorsed by myself and a few trusted
])hysicians in my l(_)t.'"
A trading-boat, the George 0. Baker, for some time lying u]) at Hen-and-
Chickens' Island, came down, on the night of October 10th, to the foot
of ^Market Street, with all sick on board. When the boat arrived at the
levee, and word had passed to the Howards, instant succor "was rendei-ed.
Tiiere wei-e six persons on the boat, all sick. One of them, a beautiful young
lady, had the black vomit.
"In regard to the large number of good deeds done in the flesh, I may say,"
writes the correspondent of the Chicago Tribune, "that they were not confined
to those representmg the upper walks of life, and many of the heroes who
190
A HISTORY OF THE YETJ-OW FEVER,
perished in their Samaritan work were gathered in from the shims of soclet}'.
Giamblers, outcasts, and outlaws among the males, with those among the
females who were marked with the scarlet letter, felt as keen sympathies,
labored as heroically, nursed as tenderly, and died as bravely as those who,
in the garb of purple and fine linen, forgot ciiste, station, and all the attractions
of social superiority, to lend their efforts and presence to encourage the af-
flicted, with a self-denial characteristic of the times. The Tribune readeis are
familiar with the facts concerning Annie Cook, whose grave, strewn Avith
flowers, is among the prominent features of the Howards' lot in Elm wood.
She did the best she could, and, after a troubled life, the prayers of hundreds
throughout this broad land go up this bright morning to the Throne, that she
sleeps in peace :
" Let sweet-voiced Mercy plead for her
Who silent lies beneath the sod;
Nor let proud, erring man assume
The province of her Judge, her God.
"Another case, similar in many respects, came nndermy observation, the de-
tails of which may not be uninteresting. Lorena Mead is the name of a Louis-
iana girl of rare personal attractions and accomplishments, whom the war left
bankrupt and helpless. She went down the Jericho road, and when the epi-
demic raised its hideous head, instead of consulting safety in flight, she re-
mained to aid in its destruction. And a veritable ministering angel has she
proven herself to be. There are bodies rotting in the potter's field she di-essed
for their narrow home, and there are convalescents walking the streets to-day,
who speak her name with gratitude and veneration. She has gone home to re-
new her life of virtue, and, amid the scenes of her childhood, attempt to re-
deem herself from a bondage unutterably wretched. ' The trials through
which I've passed, and the suffering I've witnessed and participated in, have
made a Christian of me,' she says, 'and my future life, so far as I can make
it, will l)e devoted to redemption and reformation.' '"
"How do you account for all this?" remarked the correspondent of the
Louisville Qmrier-Jnurnal to a physician. " Champagne did it ; this Avine Avas
the most demoralizing agent in the epidemic. Many a colored felloAV risked
the plague to taste, and, Avhen convalescent, lost his life trying to get hold of
it." "Had I had twenty-five acclimated nurses Avhen the fever came," said
Dr. Mitchell, "I could have done more good than a Avhole State full of such
nurses as invaded Memphis."
Listances are related Avhere watches and all manner of valuables Avere stolen
by nurses. The boldest of yarns Avere brazenlj^ told to cover up rascality.
The general story Avas the valuables shown had been "given" % patients.
Drunkenness and desertion Avere every-hour occurrences, and theft Avas ex-
tremely common.
There were many remarkable cases reported, Avhich not only defied the phy-
sician's skill, but all precedent. One of these Avas that of H. E. Crandell, a
printer, Avho suffered from the black vomit three times, and was given up for
dead by his physician. But his nurse, a Mrs. Smith, from Ncav Orleans, re-
fused to be governed by this opinion, and labored on him with such good re-
sults that he is to-day well and at work.
Jefferson Davis, Jr., died at five o'clock, on the CA'ening of October 16th, at
Buntyn Station, near Memphis. He was a noble bo}', inheriting the talents
and genius of his illustrious flither. His funeral took place the day folloAving,
at Elniwood Cemetery, and Avas attended by fifteen persons, Avhich Avas the
largest throng that had congregated at any one burial since the beginning of
the epidemic.
An almost inexplaiuable fact in regard to the great scourge Avas the abject
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEB.
191
fear of all the residents of the cities, villages, and country generall}-. Men stood
ill Memphis, day by day, caring for the sick, shrouding and burying the dead
victims of the plague, but the country and suburban mind was so stricken
with fear that their victims, too, had, in most instances, to be cared for by
Meniphian hands. Tiie Howard special relief trains passed out (hiily on all
the railroads from Memphis, ati'urding frequent illustrations of the learful con-
dition of mind in-evailing in the country.
A heavy black frost was the pleasing s[)ectaclc that gladdened the sight of
the many who were on the lookout for it, (in the morning of October lOtli.
This harbinger of returning iiealth to Memphis caused unalloyed joy.
Two little bootblacks lived in Memjihis before the fever, and when it was
declared epidemic one of the two was numbered among the early cases. The
other would not leave him, but insisted on nursing his companion, until he
himself was stricken, and was removed to another street. One recovered, and
was told that his friend was dead. He believed this until, at the close of the
epidemic, the two met unexpectedly, near Court Square. A thrill of senti-
ment, almost to the verge of weeping, went through the dozen spectators who
had their attention drawn to the two little fellows, who, despite the crowd,
despite the dust of the street, the jingle of the street-car bells, the hum and
confusion incident to reviving Memj)his, embraced each other, their joy finding
utterance in the shedding of copious tears.
Of the Rev. Louis 8. Schuyler, rector of the Chui-ch of the Holy Innocents,
who volunteered and came to Memphis to assist his iMethren of the Episcopal
ministry during the plague, the New York World ^ay a : "Mr. Schuyler was
the son of Rev. Dr. Montgomery Schuyler, the rector of* Christ Church, St,
Louis. After graduating at Hobart College, Geneva, he entered the ministry.
He was for some time an assistant to Bishop Doane, at St. Peter's Church,
Albany. He went to England in 1867, and joined the E])iscopal Biotherhood
of St. John the Evangelist, at C'owley, Oxford. Soon after his return to this
country, last winter, he was called to assist in the Church of the Holy Inno-
cents. On the first of July he took charge of the House of Prayer, in New-
ark, in the absence of the rector. Dr. Goodwin, and had entered on his duties
at the Church of the Holy Innocents only a few days when the call from
Memphis came. It had been proposed to Mr. Sword by the members of his
congregation, mostly people in moderate circumstances, to present Mr. Schuyler
with a testimonial on his return. His brother, M. Roosevelt Schuyler, left for
the South on hearing of his illness."
This incident illustrates the romantic side of the epidemic: Dr. W. F.
Besancny, a young physician, hailing from Jonestown, Mississij^pi , oflered his
services to Medical Director Mitchell. His credentials were perfect, and
coming at a time when physicians were most needed, were readily accepted.
Just as all the preliminaries had l)een settled satisfactorily, a messenger entered
the office in great haste, in search of a physician to attend ]\Iiss D. P. Rutter,
a young lady who had been stricken w-ith tiie fever at her lesidence on Adams
Street. Dr. Mitchell turned to the gallant young physician, and remarked
that he could immediately be placed on duty, if he so felt disposed. Di-.
Besancny unhesitatingly accepted the call, and at once acconqianied the mes-
senger to the young lady's residence, where he found her prostrate with a bad
ca.se of the fever. It is unnecessary to go through the details of the lingering
illness, suffice it to say that the young doctor's attention was close and faithful,
finally resulting in the }'Oung lady's recf)very. Soon afterward the doctor was
stricken down. True to the instincts other womanly nature, doubly intensified
by her self-acknowledged indebtedness to him for having saved her life, she
went to his bedside, and there lemained, giving such attentions as only a
woman can bestow upon the sick, until the glad tidings was announced that he
13
192
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
had passed the crisis, and bid fair to recover. He passed through tlie tedious
hours of convalescence, until entirely recovered. Kothing moi-e uas known
or thought of the matter by the few intimate friends of the young lady until
yesterday afternoon, when the doctor, accompanied by Esquire Quigiey and a
few friinds, drove up to the residence, and in less time than it takes us to
write this paragraph, the two were joined together in the holy bonds of wed-
lock. Such a union, consummated under such circumstances, can not fail to
abound with happiness.
Savannah News. — " We regret deeply to announce the death, from yellow
fever, in Memphis, of Dr. Langdon A. Cheves, of this city, who was one of
the first to respond to the call of distress from the afflicted city. The infor-
mation of tills sad event was received througli a private telegram sent by Dr.
McFarland, and is also given in our associated press dispatches. Dr. Cheves
entered the Virginia jMilitary Institute, Lexington, Virginia, in the summer
of 1869, and graduated W'ith distinction in July, 1873. His high moral char-
acter, elevated sense of honor, and gentlemnnly courtesy commanded the re-
spect and affection of the faculty and of his fellow -cadets. He was exceedingly
modest and quiet in his demeancn-, of strong will and marked characteristics,
which were strengthened and confirmed by his military education. On his re-
turn to Savannah, he studied medicine in tlie ofhce of Dr. T. J. Charlton for-
several years, and then left for Baltimore city, where he entered the medical
college, and graduated with honor in March last, and subsequently took an
extra course of lectures in that city. On returning again to Savannah, he at
once entered upon his profession, witli the promise of a brilliant future, when
the summons for assistance from the j^lague-stricken city of Memphis induced
him to abandon his own interest and hasten to the relief of distressed humanity,
iu which noble cause he has fallen a martyr. Dr. Cheves was about twenty-
four years of age, Avas a grandson of Hon. Langdon Cheves, president of the
United States Bank, and son of Colonel Langdon Cheves, Avho Avas killed at
Battery Wagner, Morris Island, in 1863. His father was a large and suc-
cessful rice planter and a civil engineer of considerable note. He leaves a
mother and two sisters — Mrs. Charles N. West, now residing in Baltimore, and
Mrs. Gilbert A. Wilkins. He was first cousin of Judge Haskell, of the Su-
l^reme Court of South Carolina, and of Captain J. C. Haskell, of Savannah,
and a relative by marriage of Governor Magrath, who married his aunt. He
was in Savannah during the epidemic of 1876, and rendered efficient and
zealous service during that terrible period, being himself stricken down in the
midst of his good work. In the formation of his individual character he
seemed to keep constantly in mind the supreme law of truth and probity, and
was in every resjDcct a high-toned, honorable gentleman, useful citizen, a
physician of rare promise, and a devoted son. His sad death will be deeply
lamented by a large circle of friends and relatives."
Jackson (Tenn.) Tr{hune and Sun. — " Young Howlett, aged ten years, a
grandson of Mr. Pledge, the hotel man of Grand Junction, passed up to Milan,
a few days ago, where his grandfatlier was staying. Being from an infected
town, although having stayed in it only a few hours, he could not remain in
Milan. His grandfather, therefore, rented an isolated cabin, some mile or more
from town, and hired a negro woman to take the boy and stay with him until
the days of his quarantine were completed. The fii-st night tiie poor boy at-
tempted to stay in the cabin was a terrible one in his experience. A few per-
sons, whom fear and cowardice had made brutes, went to the cabin at niglit,
brickbatted it, shot into it, and ran the poor little bo}' out into the darkness,
and fired shot after shot at him as he fled in wild terror. The little fellow,
frightened almost out of his life, remained all night in the woods, wandering
and hiding in terror, shivering in the pitiless cold, and almost crazed with a
*
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEE.
193
sense of loneliness and danger, and expecting every moment to be murdered.
Next morning, ho crept into Milan, and his grandfather took the teiiifiod
child to a jihrce of safety. Now, we respect quarantine, we respect the fears
of the people in these terrible times, but such treatment as this little boy re-
ceived is simply inhuman, and damns the authors, brutes and cowards. We
know that the respectable people of IMilan condemn the acts denounced by us
hlly as much as we do, and we further know tliat the ]\Iilan authorities'and
quarantine officers are guiltless of any connection with the perpetrators, but
they should hunt down the guilty and see that they are punished. Thev are
evidently worthless and low-down cluiracters, and no community is safe tliat
holds them. For the liicts upon which our remarks are based we have re-
sponsible authors."
Memplik Appeal. — " There was the case of the fever-stricken mnn in a rail-
road car, which was uncoupled and left on a gide-track, near the National
Cemetery, where, but for the ministrations of a brave friend and timely assist-
ance from JMempliis, he would have died, as the poor fellow did who, left in a
box-car, near Stevenson, was beset by a cowardly mob, possessed of only one
idea, that of self-preservation. Then we had the cases of the negro men, poor
fellows, driven forth by a few inhuman jiersons, some of whom have since died
of the fever they thus inhumanly sought to fight off. The three victims of
their cowardice died miserably by the wayside, giving evidence, by the con-
tortions of their bodies, tliat they passed awaj' in nameless agonies. Horrible
to think of, such an incident six weeks ago would have been scouted as im-
possible by the very persons who partici2)ated in it. Then there is the case
of a poor negro woman who, dying of the fever, was rolled in a l)lanket and
unceremoniously dumped into a hog-hole, by her terror-stricken husband and
kinsfolks. Bad enough that those who died w ithin the limits so well served by
the Howard Association and Citizens' Relief Committee should some days ago,
on account of the want of laborers and coffins, have had to lie for two and
three days, poisoning the air with a nameless stench, and sending forth count-
less billions of spores to feed on the vitals of the taithful few who have done
such noble service in battling with the scourge ; bad enough that these horrors
should exist, to appall the living, and help to increase the awful mortality, but
when to them we add the wanton inhumanity of stoning and shooting at a de-
fenseless boy of only ten j'^eai's, driving helpless fever-stricken patients from
the only shelter they have, and shaming our common humanity by leaving
bodies in hog-holes, food for the hogs, we are overcome with shame for a brave
people, a generous and noble people, wdio, after enduring all the trials of a
great war, and attesting both their moral and physical courage, should have
their fair escutche,i)n soiled by a brutalism without parallel. We have already
referi-ed to the cases — alas ! too many — where fathers have deserted their
fiimilies, and have called attention to the callous neglect of each other by near
relatives, who, before the epidemic came to test the strength and sincerity of
their affections, would have scoi-ned the po.ssibility of conduct that has secured
some few a longer lease of life, at the cost of a desertion that hastened the
death of others. Only a few days ago we saw a little child of, perhaps, three
years, that had been surrendered to the keeping of one of our noble volunteer
doctors by a mother who now fills a nameless grave in potter's field. She was
an outcast — had thrown herself away because aliandoned by her husband —
and finding herself fast sinking from the combined effects of the most loath-
some disease and the yellow fever, gave her child to her |)hysician, that it
might find the home and care the cowardly father had denied to her and it.
How shocking to every sense. Hearing such things, one wondeis if our civili-
zation is really a failure, and we are going back to the days of the London
jjlague, wdieu all the bonds of society were loosened, and besides the disease.
194
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEE.
■\vhich carried away so many thousands, the people of the great capital Avere
the prey of an epidemic of moral cowardice. Were it not tor the thousands
of cases of heroism, almost divine in their self-sacrifice, which we witness
every day, such a conclusion would be irresistible. Another case, and we
close for the present. Mr. Ben K. Pullen, an old and honored citizen, who is
held in the highest esteem as an upright, honorable man, on Monday last went
out to Elmwood Cemetery— loveliest of the cities of the dead^ — to perform the
sad duty of burying his wife, who had died of the fever. It was late, past
five o'clock in the evening, when the carriage and the hearse arrived at the
cemetery. There was still three-quarters of an hour to pass before the hour
arrived when funeral parties are refused admittance and the laborers suspend
work. The man in charge of the cemetery (named Flynn or Edwards — it is
not known which) came to the spot where the grave was to be dug, Avith a
party of negroes, whom he informed that they would not receive any extra
pay for work done after six o'clock, thus trying to prevent them from the work
they were there to perform. The negroes, more humane than he, and indig-
nant at such an exhibition of brutality before the husband and children, stand-
ing beside all that remained to them of a good wife and mother, replied that
sometimes they worked for friendship. They dug the grave, lowered the
casket, and had covered it out of sight, having almost completed their, work,
when the same cold-blooded creature, in the hearing of the mourning family,
and almost in their faces, said : ' You have worked after six o'clock, and you
shall receive no pay for it. Hereafter no work shall be done after that hour,
matter how many d — d carcasses are brought here.' Powerless to resent au
outrage so gross, the father and children passed out and on to their homes,
their grief intensified by an insult that all men must share until it is punished
as it should be." Subsequently the facts were investigated by the cemetery
authorities, and the man was discharged. He left the city immediately.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
195
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196 A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
Ph
1878.
OiOOOOM'MO
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1873.
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1878.
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1873.
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Condition of
Weather.
1878.
clear
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cloudy
fair
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fair
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clear
clear
clear
clear
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clear
fair
fair
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cloudy
feir^
clear
clear
clear
clear
clear
clear
187.3.
clear
clear
clear
fair
fair
. fair
clear
clear
Prevailing Direction
of Wind.
1878.
westerly
westerly
north-west
north-east
north-west
north-west
north
south-west
south-west
south-west
south-west
south-west
north-west
north-east
north-east
northerly
south-east
northerly
north
north
north-west
north-west
easterly
north-east
south
south-west
1873.
easterly
south-west
south-west
westerly
north-west
north-west
north
south-west
south-west
south-west
north-west
south
south-west
south-west
north-east
northerly
north-east
north-east
south-east
west
south-west
north
north .
westerly
north-west
west
a
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ci
1878.
b- 'M lO O (M
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1873.
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A HISTOEY OF THE YELLOW FEVER
197
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1S78.
nurtherly
nortli-east
north-east
south-west
nortli-west
south-west
nortli
north
north-west
south-west
south-west
Avesterly
north-west
north-Avest
north
north-east
north-east
northerly
north
south-east
northerly
south
southerly
southerly
north-Avest
north
1S73.
ri
north
south
north
north
north-west
north-west
north
north-west
south-west
south-east
east
north
north-east
south-west
south
southerly
north
north-east
easterly
southerly
south
north-cast
north-east
south-east
south-east
south-cast
x
- t
X
fair
fair
fair
fair
fair
fair
clear
clear l
clear
clear
fair
clear
fliir
fair
cloud}'
cloudy
fair
fair
fair
fair
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cloudy
cloudy
cloudy
clear
CO
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clear
fair
clear
clear
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cloudy
cloudy
fair
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clear
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clear
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'X
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Cl' 'Cl CO o CO Cl 00 o o Cl Cl CO Ci'
1873.
Mean
Humidity.
Ct CO CO -1 00 ^1 ^1 Cn ^1 O O
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to
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1873.
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1878.
198
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1873.
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1878.
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1873.
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lOiOCCt^COOOCO'^LOtr^oOt^OSC^'OiOOiOO
0 0 0 CO 0 CO
0 0 CD t-- t-
CD CO 0 00 00
Condition of
Weather.
1878.
clear
clear
fair
cloudy
fair
clear
clear
clear
fair
fiiir
clear
clear
clear
cloudy
fair
fair
cloudy
fair
clear
clear
clear
clear
fair
fair
clear
CO
1^
■CO
clear
clear
fair
fair
cloudy
cloudy
clear
clear
clear
cloudy
fair
fair
cloudy
rainy
fair
clear
clear
fair
clear
clear
cloudy
fair
cloudy
cloudy
fair
Prevailinfr Direction
of Wind.
1878.
south
south
south
south
north-west
north-west
east
south-east
south
north-west
south
south
south-west
south-west
north
north-east
northerly
north-west
iiorth-west
north-west
south
south-west
1 1 or th
south-east
south-east
south-west
CO
GO
westerly .
east
south-east
south
south-west
north
north-west
north-west
west
south
north
north-east
east
south
north-west
north-west
south
south-west
north-west
north-west
south-east
easterly
north-east
north-east
north-east
northerly
Thermometer.
1878.
o-i ci -i^ c^i o CO ci -)H J ^ — ^ CD -T-i o ^ 00 CO ci o uri (>i o ci
COCOl^t^iOCO-fiOO-^iOCOCOO-^-f-t'LOCC CO '^fLOOiOCOiO
1873.
COCOCOCOOOOOOCOOOOOOOICOO
cocDcod'MiooGcc^t'+'oiLoasocicooaioi
iOiOCOt^l>-LOiOTt<iOCD CO"^ Tti CO CO CO
0 0 10 lO 0
CO -+ 0 t— 0 l-
lO 'rt< 10 ^ 10 lO
Barometer.
1878.
CO ~ti O oo lO CO O ~f CO lO CO CI i-O '00 1— 1 O lO 1(0
I- fH O 00 i-H OS tM CO T-H CO O C<l CO r-i O (M CO
O^O <3i 00 T-l CM 1— 1 O CjS --^ "^I "^1 '"1
o" o" 02" CI 0" 0" 0" 0' cT 0" 0" 0" 0" 0" 0' 0' cT 0" 0"
coco<MC<icocococo(Mcocococococococ<icoco
OD 00 0 0 !>• CO OO
CO CO CO 0 CD' CO
0 C<1 Cv| CO CO i-H 0
0" o'o'c'cTo'ci"
CO CO CO CO CO CO c<)
1873.
'-^T-HO-fci-^cocicooicoifocoLOct'Cococooo
CO -+I 0 ':0 00 0 1-H T— 1 CO O-l 10 CO ITT' C5 -H 1— 1 CO
T-^'M(^^o<^ooI-HOc^ClI^■lco(^^ooc^coco■T— ico
0" 0" o~ o" 0' 0" 0" 0* ci" cT 0' 0' 0" cT cT o~ 0" 0' o~
cocococococococo(Mi^coccccc<icMcococ>oco
0 00 00 10 0 00
CO 0 1—1 00 1—1 CO
1—1 CO (M OQ T-H 0
0" 0' o~ 0' 0" 0" 0'
CO CO CO CO CO CO CO
DATE.
CO -ti i-O CO 00 Cl 0 1 (M CO ^ 10 CO 00 0 0 T- 1
T-iTHT-iT-HT-HrtT-i(M(M<MCvlS^C<lC<l<M(M(MC0CO
S-l
'^-.^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^■^
0
0
1-1 C^l CO IC CD
a S
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
199
Eain-Fall.
1878.
fMOOr-4OOOO<:CC'1C;'OO-f'MOOai(M'X>00OOO'
O O O O O I— 1 (M CO
2.41
CO
CO
l-H
OOOOOO'OOOOIOOOOOOOl-OOO'OO'O'
C-1 CC' LO O
1
3.8G
Mean
Huiuidity.
1878.
OOCOOOOOCOOtOCOOiOCDCOCOCOCOCOOCOOO':^
00 CO o c^i :c oi GO cc o o CO lio oi lO 'iS' co co i-- -t> -c' i>i ^x' co a5
CO -+I lO o -t' 'l^ 'I' CI cr; xi ':o CO o o -fi -t CO' lO ic 'O
61.8
CO
CO
o CO cc CO o o CO CO cc o 'iO' o o O' 'CO CO CO CO cc CO' CO o o
00 o lo 0^1 c^i lO -co CO oi 00 lo CO ci lo o o i~ T-H o
coiOiC'LCcc-f^-fcoco-ti-tioiocooocrsix-f-Lrc-tco-fiL-^
CO
"o
c 3
o ^
.■^ d
1878.
fair
clear
clear
fair
cloudy
clear
clear
fair
cloudy
fair
fair
clear
clear
cloudy
fair
clear
clear
cloudy
cloudy
rainy
fair
clear
clear
cloudy
187.3.
fair
clear
clear
clear
clear
cloudy
clear
clear
fair
fair
fair
fair
clear
clear
foggy
rainy
cloudy
fair'
clear
fair
fair
clear
fair
fair
PievailinjT Direction
of Wind.
1878.
south-west
north
east
south
liyjl. LI 1 >V dTJL
north-west
south -west
north-east
east
south-west
north-west
north-east
westerly
westerly
west
Avest
south
south
north
north
Avest
south-west
south-east
south-east
soutli-Avest
1873.
south -west
westei-ly
south-west
south-west
south-west
north-west
west
westerly
south-Avest
south-west
westerly
north-west
north -west
south
south-Avest
easterly
south-east
north -Avest
north -Avest
south
north
north-east
north-east
south-east
south-west
3
V
o
o
H
LS78.
c^i CI c^i o o o lo cvi '>^ o c^i o c^i oi c^i
T-H C^l i-H -t 01 CO C-l O 'C3 ^ C^l CC' CI CO 01 T— 1 CO 'X' Ol
coliClOcooolOlit'OLO-i^lOO-t'~^'^oolO-t'--^-t'-t''t'lO
, 57.8
rr
1-
CO
OLOOOOO'OOOOOOOOO'OOOO'OOO'OC^l
T-H cc CO c^i 'X c-i O' CO -c; c>i ci o CO oi CO 1^
lOi-0LCC0C0-*'1<-tiCCC0OC0C0C0'til0iCi-f^-+i-*C0-+l-0
o
Barometer.
00
cc ^ -t< LO C^l Ci 'M C^I ~ X 1^ 'M 'M X C^T O t— C C' ^ c; t~
X liC. O C^l lC CI -f lO 'X' 'Zj X' CI' CO C-.' 'O X '—' 'O O' i-O
OC^)!— lC^C^OO^Cs 'CJ^T-H^O' X C^ 'CI C:_^t^
o" o' cT 'O o'o '0~ c' c:" 'o" o' o" CI 'cT cT ct 'cT cT o' c^' o' c~ 'cT
CO CO CO C>) (M CO CO CO C<) CO CO CO 0^1 C^l CI C^l :M cc C^l 0^1 cc CO CO
30,069
CO
CO
lO C<1 Ol CO CO CI O CO OS -f CO 00 Cj CO 00 LO !M O 0-1 'O
I^CrXtM'COCO-r'COCOi— 'CO'COX^-— ifM'MODt^CC-fOCO'M
CI T-H l-H o X ^ T-H r-1 o i~ -f x -r^ c^i o_ x_^ cs O' cc o -t<__ o co__
cio o" 'o'ci'o'o'o'o" ci^'cT cT'cT'O'o 'O 'C; c: o 'CT' ""o o o
CO CO cc CO cc CO CO c-i 1-4 cc cc cc CO CM i» cc c-1 C'O CO cc CO
30,087
DATE.
t>^ 00 C5 o T--! (>i cc 'i^' "O co' b-^ cc ci o" T-^ c-i CO lo CO o6 CC'
T-i rH i-H i-H i-H T-H ^ — 1 1-^ T-H <M <M 0-1 C-1 (M (M CM C^l C-l CO
>
o
i
200
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
It will be seen from the preceding tables that the thermometer ranged very
much higher during the ej)idemic months of 1878 than those of 1873, and that
the humidity for August and September was two degrees less, w'hile in October
and November it was about the same as during the same months in 1873. The
barometrical range is about an average for the same months of both years, as is
the prevailing direction of the wind. The rain-fall for August of 1878 was 1.72
inches compared with 4.53 for the same month of 1873; 2.59 for September,
1878, as compared with 2.53 for the same month of 1873; 2.82 for October,
1878, as compared with 5.95 for the corresponding month of 1873; and 2.41
for November of 1878 as compared with 3.86 for the corresponding month of
1873. In August, 1878, there were 16 clear days, 7 fair, and 8 cloudy ; and
in August, 1873, there were 12 clear days, 16 fair, and 3 cloudy. In Sep-
tember, 1878, there were 18 clear days, 8 fair, and 4 cloudy ; and in Septem-
ber, 1873, there were 7 clear days, 18 fair days, and 5 cloudy. In October,
1878, there were 14 clear days, 11 fair, and 6 cloudy ; in October, 1873,
there were 13 clear days, 13 fair, 4 cloudy, and 1 rainy. In November, 1878,
there were 14 clear days, 9 fair, 6 cloudy, and 1 rainy; and in November,
1873, there were 11 clear, 12 fair, 5 cloudy, 1 foggy, and 1 rainy. The
absence, in 1878, of the rain and humidity upon which many writers declare
the propagation of yellow fever to depend is remarkal^le. In the tropics the
rainy season is generally the most sickly, and some of the best authorities
agree in assigning to heat there preventive and healthful properties. From
this has grown the belief that heavy and continuous rains precede epidemics
of yellow fever. Tliis has not generally been the case in the United States.
The summer of 1878 was for some weeks intensely hot. In St. Louis the
numl)er of cases of sun-stroke were so many as to amount to an epidemic,
alarming the people to such an extent that many, if not most of them, sus-
pended work, dreading the least exertion as they did death itself. In one
week the mortality fi'om this cause- alone amounted to nearl}^ 300. In 1837 the
same intense heat prevailed and preceded an epidemic of unusual violence. In
1853, the year of greatest mortality from yellow fever, and the year of its greatest
spread throughout the South, in June, July, and August, reports from ninety
jneteorological stations, fi'om Canada to Florida and Texas, show that in the
fourth week of June the maximum heat from New York to Savannah gave an
average of 95°; and in New Orleans during August, September, and October of
that year the thermometer ranged from 82° to 91°. A wave of heat moved
across the country in that as in the year 1878; indeed there were two such waves,
one in June and another in August. Blodgett says the first wave made itself
manifest on the 29th and 30th of June. The extreme was central in tlie
latitude of Washington and was limited at Savannah on the south and Bur-
lington, Vermont, on the north, attaining 96° to 98° in Tennessee, Kentucky,
and Southern Ohio, and 99.5° to 102° at Washington and in Eastern Vir-
ginia and North Carolina. In August the second wave made itself felt,
beginning earlier at the west. The ma.ximum in Illinois and the adjacent
States was 90° to 94° from the 8th to the 13th, in Ohio and Kentucky
nearly the same, and passing eastward the district of greatest excess was cen-
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
201
tral New York. The mortality from this great heat was frightful. lu June the
yellow fever showed itself in New Orleans, the week ending on the 30th of the
month, giving as the average of maxima 92° in that city. On comjjaring July
and August, the two great epidemic mouths in New Orleans in 1853, Dowler
says there was nothing peculiar — nothing that can account for the epidemic in
regard to the quantity of rain, which was in some places greater or less than
in regions free from the fever, and sometimes similar. The summer of 1699,
when the fever prevailed severely in Philadelphia, was so intensely hot that
men died while harvesting in the fields, and all business was suspended in the
city. In 1762 it prevailed after a very hot and dry summer. In 1793 there
was no rain from the 25th of August to the 15th of October — the crops
failed and the springs dried. In 1794 the disease again prevailed, modified. Rush
says, by occasional showers of rain. In 1797 the summer was hot and dry, and
in 1798, when yellow fever made fearful havoc, the summer was characterized
by extreme dryness, 'in consequence of which whole fields were burnt up by
the sun, and the crops were seriously injured. In 1801 the fever broke out in
Philadelphia after a drought of some duration. In 1805 the summer set in in
June with great severity. The heat was unusually intense from thence to the
end of August. This was accompanied by a severe drought, which com-
menced on the 28th of June and continued, without any intermission, except
a very few sprinklings of rain, that barely moistened the surface of the earth, till
the close of August. During this period, not oidy the i-ains fiiiled, but even
the dews ceased to descend, and the earth became parched. La Roche declares
that neither heat nor moisture, when acting separately, can be productive of
yellow and kindred fevers, and that equally objectionable is the belief that
the disease arises from the combined influence of those two agencies, either
unassisted by another cause of a more efficient kind and peculiar character, or
with the aid of some agent, calculated only to render the system more prone
to the impress of the other. Neither can we admit the propriety of referring
the efficient cause of yellow and kindred fevers to the difierence of tempei-a-
ture between day and night, or to mere atmospheric vicissitudes — the succes-
sion of cool or cold nights to hot days; nor to the sudden exposure of the
body, at any period of the twenty-four hours, to a low degree of temperature
after it has been placed for a greater or less extent of time under the influ-
ence of a high degree. Vicissitudes, if really the efficient cause of yellow
fever, appear to be whimsical in their operations. The meteorological tables,
published in the account of the voyage of D' Urville to the Soutii Pole and
Oceanica, show conclusively that the minimum degrees of uychthemeron oscil-
lations occur in hot latitudes, the difference between the maxima and minima
amounting only to a very few degrees. In temperate and cold climates, these
oscillations are much more marked ; and yet the yellow fever is a disease of
hot climates. There it occurs frequently — in some parts almost annually ;
while in temperate climates, where the vicissitudes in question are constant,
the fever only occasionally, and in many places never, shows itself. In hot
climates themselves, places subject to considerable oscillations are free from
the disease, while others, where the changes are unimportant, are not unfre-
202
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
quently visited by it. At Caraccas, where yellow fever has seldom, if ever,
prevailed, the temperature is continually changing, while at Martinique, where
yellow fever is of frequent occurrence, the oscillations are very trifling." As
to the effect of wind, the same authority declares that the yellow fever occurs
in different countries under the influence of different winds. In the greater
portion of the West Indies, it would seem to be brought on through the
agency of, or to be attended with, the prevalence of south winds, while in
Havana this wind is comparatively inocuous, and the east and west winds
exercise injurious eflects. In some parts of this country it has apjieared after
and during the prevalence of south winds, sometimes during the occurrence of
west winds. In other localities it has required an east or a north wind. Nor
is the same difference less strikingly noticed elsewhere. In Leghorn it
occurred under the influence of south winds; in Barcelona, of north-east and
south-west winds; Avhile in Andalusia and Gibraltar it has been almost in-
variably in some way connected with the prevalence of the east, or Levant
wind, and was never produced by or associated with a south wind. From the
diversity of results arising from the same wind, and the sameness of effect
resulting from currents of different character, v;e derive the proof that no
particular wind can be said, with any show of reason, to constitute by itself
the necessary and efficient cause of the disease, and that whenever any of them
exercise an agency, as regards the origin or diffusion of the fever, it derives
that power, not from the fact of its coming from any particular quarter, but
from the temperature and hygrometrical conditions of the moving column of
air, and more especially, perhaps, from the injurious effluvia it raises from the
localities over which it passes, and which are carried along with it. Treating
of atmospheric pressure, La Roche says, that "all that can be said on the sub-
ject is, that a comparison of the state of the atmospheric pressure here and
elsewhere during sickly seasons, with the results of observations made at
periods when the disease does not show itself, does not lend much assistance to
the belief in the reality of any such connection, so far, at least, as relates to
the production of the efficient cause." He does not deny the influence which
a difference of pressure of the atmosphei'e exercises on the system in health
and disease, nor does he deny the fact that an undue increase of it produces
unpleasant effects and leads even to diseased manifestations, and that other
results of an equally deleterious effect attend an extreme in the oj^posite con-
dition of the air ; but there is nothing in all this calculated to induce the
belief that it can do more than jilace the system in such a condition as will
predispose it to the deleterious impression of some more efficient cause,
especially when we find that the same condition of the barometer exists, as
well when the yellow fever prevails as when it does not. The same may be
said of the deficiency or excess of electricity. In Memphis in 1873, as well as
in 1878, but especially the latter year, the absence of thunder-storms was
so remarkable as to give rise to the belief that to this cause, above all others,
was due the almost spontaneity and the malignancy of the fever. It was held
by some that the atmosphere was deficient in ozone, and many expedients
were resorted to to supply it in the belief that since it destroys the miasm
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
203
from decaying animal matter it Avoiild be found efficient in the sick-rooms, in
hospitals, and infirmaries in destroying the poison or germs of yellow fever.
Some trials were made with an apparatus sent out by a leading physician of
Buiialo, and by the more simple medical formula so well known, but the fever
made such havoc with those who attempted these tests that satisfactory results
were not reached. This is to be regretted, as a definite result would have cone
far to settle anotlier of the disputes of the faculty. Some doctois deeUire that
an excess of electricity is a considerable agency in the promotion, if not the
production, of yellow fever, while others hold that the deficiency is. Writers
on the fever in the West Indies ascribe to electricity great power as an exciting
and predisposing cause in epidemics of yellow fever. Dr. Clarke, of
Dominica, attributed the fever, on the contrary, to a deficiencv of thunder,
as did Dr. Lallemant, of Eio Janeiro. Such was tlie case. La Rdclie says, in
New York in the fever of 1795 and 1822, in New Haven and New Lon-
don in 1798, in S avannah in 1820, iu Charleston in 1817, and in Philadelpliia
in the fatal year of 1798. During the forty-four years of exemption from the
disease enjoyed hy Charleston from 1748, there was a frequent recurrence of
showers and thunder gusts. After 1792 these "were less frequent, and the fever
was more common. Li 1815 a hurricane which swept over Jamaica is said, by Dr.
Arnold, to have had a wonderful efi'ect in purifying the atmosphere and mitigat-
ing the effects of the fever. Dr. Caldwell, of Philadel])hia, remarks that "during
several of the yellow fever calamities in Philadelphia and the other Atlantic
cities, electrical phenomena were unusually irregular. Shooting stars were at
times abundant and brilliant iu a degree far beyond what is common.
Throughout some seasons, especially the summer of 1793, scarcely a gleam of
lightning was to be seen, while in others, thunder-storms were inordinately
frequent and severe. In 1799 the shooting stars were most abundant."
Other authorities ascribe to astral influences a direct and exciting agency for this
as well as other diseases. In the Middle Ages this was the conviction of
physicians and learned men, and there are not wanting some who, in our own
time, boldly declare their belief that to planetary movements are we indebted
for the decimating disea.ses which, under the name of the black plague,
cholera, and yellow fever, sweep so many thousands from the earth, stop
the M'heels of cf>mmerce, and paralyze the energies of whole nations.
Professor Jenkins, of England, in a recent article in the Pall Mall Gazette,
not only avows his belief in the potency of the planets in controlling epi-
demics, but gives the calculations which he lias made through a series of
years, and which are the reasons assigned for a belief which the prejudice
against astrology does not prevent iiim from giving to the world. He writes:
"About eight years ago I spent many months nccunudating information on
cholera throughout the world, from 181G to 1871. I tabulated my results,
threw them into the form of a curve, and was surprised to find that there had
occurred a great outbreak about every seventeen years, and that these outbreaks
took place alternately at maxima and minima of sun-spots. Certainly the
sun-spots coidd not have produced the cholera, for there was a great outbreak
when the spots were very plentiful, and the next when they were very few.
204
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
But that there was a connection I felt convhieed, and also, that they were
both in the nature of effects. I suggested it, in a paper on the subject which
I read before the Royal Historical Society, that the cause would probably be
found in the influence of the planets, and in their aj^proach to the sun. There
were minor outbreaks which I could not explain; but I felt sufficient confi-
dence in my results to state (see Nature, May, 1872,) that, as there had been
great outbreaks in 1816-17, 1832-4, 1848-50, 1865-7, we might confidently
expect the next in 1883-4. I left the subject for seven years. Meanwhile I
worked at the subject of sun-spots, and was rewarded by finding that the
average period for these phenomena, for magnetic storms and for aurorse
period was 11.9 years, the period of Jupiter's anomalistic year, and that these
phenomena were always least when Jupiter was nearest to the sun. I then
turned to terrestrial magnetism, and found that the needle of the compass,
which at London was moving east up to 1580, and west till 1816, and east
ever since, follows the movements of a strong magnetic pole, which Sir James
Ross found in 1830 in Boothia, but which has now, I hold, traveled west to
Prince Albert Land, and has moved at such a rate that it will comj^lete its revo-
lution round the pole of the earth in about 500 years. On examining the accu-
mulated evidence in regard to the dip of the needle, I found that the magnetic pole
must be in the atmosphere over the place ■where it appears to be in the earth.
In the midst of this work a little incident occurred which induced me to write
to the registrar-general for the number of deaths in England for the last forty
j'ears, which he kindly sent me. I immediately found that what I suspected
was true — that the number of deaths in England was greatest, on an average
over the whole period, every six years. I threw the numbers into the form of
a cui-ve, and under it jjlaced the curve represented by Jupiter's orbit during
the same period, and found that whenever Jupiter was at two points equally
distant from his nearest point to the sun (corresponding to our September and
March) the deaths in England were greatest. (A short paper on the subject
will appear in the next number of the proceedings of the Statistical Society.)
If this is true for England, it shoiUd be true for the death-rate of the Avorld.
On examining the curve iov cholera over the w'orld, from 1816 to 1871, Avhich
I drew out seven years ago, I found that this held good. I am at present
engnged in examining the death-rate of the world for the last forty years, as
far as possible. The outbreak of plague directed my attention to that subject.
I examined a magnetic chart of the world, and found that the lines of no
declination (i. e., the lines which indicate where the needle points to true
North, and therefore the lines in which the greatest magnetic power is mani-
fested) are advancing west, at the average rate of about one-seventh of a
degree annually over the regions which are the present epidemic-stricken
quarters of the globe — Russia, Persia, United States, Brazil, and Western
Cliina. As the magnetic poles advance these lines advance, and epidemics on
man ami beast accompany them. On calculating back, I find that the line
which is now passing across Russia must have passed over that region 500
years ago. This will take us back to the middle of the fourteenth century;
and with similar magnetic conditions we have the same ei^idemic — the Black
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
205
Death. We know tliat })lague devastated Europe more or less for the next
two centuries, euhninatuig in the great plague of London in 1GG5, and
curiously enough just at the time when a line of no declination was advancing
over England. It occurred to me tliat Neptune might be the cause of the
movement of the magnetic pole. On examining the movements of the planet
in its orbit, I found that those of the needle varied in acconlance with those
of that planet while it makes three revolutions. The magnetic poles make
an eccentric circle round the pole of the earth; this eccentricity 1 found Mas
due to some intluence at a maximum of about eighty years. On examining the
movements and position of Uranus, I found that they were such as to account
for the anonr.dy. I have fully detailed the subject in a jmper I sent to the
Eoyal Astronomical (Society; they have announced it; whether they will have
the courage to have it read is another matter. In conclusion, I would sav
that within the next seven years there will hai)pcn that wliich has not
happened for hundreds of years: all the planets at or near their near-
est point to the sun about the same time. It is true of the earth that
its magnetic intensity is greatest about the time when it is near the
sun; the same is pi'obably true of all the jilanets; therefore. Me may
exjject extraordinary magnetic phenomena during the next seven years,
and great plagues, Mhich Mill manifest tiieinselves in all their intensity
when Jupiter is about three years from his iierihclion — that is, in 1S83."
La Roche admits that " electricity may, and no doubt does, act as an exciting
cause by its excess, and as a predisjwjsing one sometimes, l>y this excess, and
more frequently by its deticiency and modifications. In a M'ord, electricity
may, by its excess or deficiency, operate on the system in a twof dd manner —
as an exciting and as a predisposing agent; and may, besides, under jiarticnlar
circumstances, promote the development of the efHcient cause of the disease
Avhich an excess tends to neutralize. To all this no one can olject. But
■\vhen we find medical Mritcrs, Mhile rejecting the idea of recognizing the
existence of a separate and distinct poison for the several exanthemata, for
influenza, for cholera, for each of the diflt'rent kinds of fever, for whooi^ing-
cough, mumps, etc., and M'hile maintaining that an etiology so manifold can
not be true, refer all these different and dissimilar diseases to various modi-
fications of a single principle — electricity; when we find that fluid accused
of -producing, in some occasions, scarlet fever, or small-pox, or measles, or
typhoid, typhus, remittent, bilious, or yellow fever, or influenza, and at other
times ordinary jihlegmasia; — the only reason of the difference being diversity
of predispositions 'arising from a variety of circumstances existing in count-
less condjinations and involving Mhole communities, or afiecting individuals
only' — we must pause. The idea of referring scarlet fever, small-pox, and
yellow fever to a little more or less electricity, can scarcely be acceptable to
sound pathologists. Whatever may be the case Mith respect to other zymotic
diseases, the idea of looking to electricity for the remote or ett'ective cause of
the yellow fever is not tenaljle. . . . The disease is always the same, and
must be produced every-M-here by the same cause. It is different from other
diseases and must be produced by causes different from those v/hich give rise
206
A HISTORY OF THE TELLOW FEVER.
to these. It can not, therefoi'e, be the product of a morbific agent, which can
by no possibility produce it artificially, and which, supposing the assertion of
the advocates of its agency to be correct, produces diseases of a dissimilar
kind. Add to this, that this agent is always associated with modifications of
heat, humidity, etc., each of which is entitled to the regard in estimating the
degree of influence of febriferous causes."
THE DEAD OF 1878.
14
(207)
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEE.
209
THE DEAD OF 1878.*
I.
Tennessee — IMemphis. f
Aug. IG. Ashe, Rnsa, w, Si'cond St.
16. Allen, Eliza, w, Safl'araiis St.
21. Anderson, child of Fiauk, w, 97 Com-
meree St.
21. Adonis, Morris, w.
2:j. Anderson, August, w, 14"!^ Poplar St.
24. Alexaniler, A , c. City Hospital.
2ii. Anderson, .John, c, 2:i7 Dnnlap St.
27. Able, R. H., w, Citv Hospital.
28. Anderson, Willie, w, 148 I'oplar St,
2«. Alexander, Maigiiret. e, ISS ( 'ovu t St.
28. Alexander, Mrs. M., c. Court St.
29. Aaron, William. 147 Washington St.
30. Atkinson, Matilda, e.
31. Allison, M. A., w. Orleans S'.
31. Allen, James, c. Central Hotel.
31. Atkinson, Ceo., \v, rear Cochran Hall.
Sept. 2. Anderson, Lynus.
2. Ames, Lewis 1)., w, Walker Ave.
2. Anderson, Butler P , w, Grenada, Miss.
2. Allen, Mary, w, lO'.l Madison St.
2. Anderson, H., \v, Poplar St.
2. Able, Gabrijl, Louisville, Kv.
3. Ames, Willie J., w. Walker Ave.
3. Allen, Mary, c, cor. Fifth it Looney Sts.
4. Austin, Mrs. Ann, w, 5Sj^ Jetl'cr.soii St.
5. Arsilli, E.
.•i. Amandus, Brother, w. Market St.
5. Archie, Andrew, c, cor Second & Keel Sts.
Aiken, Mrs., \v, 4r>G Miiin St.
5. Anderson, Ed., c, 209 Hernando St.
r-i. A Iphonsa, Moilier,w, LuSalett.' Academy.
(). Araeiga, Louis.
C. Artluir, Fred , 29 Old Madison St.
6. Austin. Wm. M., .VS'.-^ Jefferson St.
0. Annum, .Martin, c, 380 Linden St.
7. Atcliinson, Jose|ih H., w.
7. Anderson, John, w, Pontotoc St.
7. Anderson, MarthM, c, 270 Third St
7. Atkinson, John, w, cor. Shelby & .South
Sts.
7. Armstrong, John, w, 317 Fnion St.
8. Anderson, J. A., w, cor. Poplar ik Hupert
St.s.
8. Armstrong, Mrs. E. J.
8. Armstin, J. A. G., w.
8. A nstiu. Gracie, w.
9. Atkins, Hnrrv, c, Clav St.
9. Ashe, lilizi, c, 0.5 Elliott St.
9. Arnold, Mr., w, ,")03 Main St.
9. Anderson, Ilachel, c, Georgia St.
y. Avery, Allen G , \v. Market St. Infirmary
10. Adams, Hon. C. W., w. Union St.
10. Anderson, Sarah N., w, Wiilker Ave.
10. Anderson, Richard, Ravburn Ave.
10. Allegins, P., cor. Third E.xchangeSts
10. Alexander, E. G.
10. Aaron, M.
10. AUie, son of Mrs., 28', South St.
11. Aminiett, J. J., w, Ad:ims St.
11. Amom tt, Katie, w, Adams St.
11. App, Katie, w, Jefferson St.
11. Adare, Avery, Poplar St.
11. Acklin, Samuel.
Sept. 12. Avant, Dr. B. W., w, V.mcc St.
12. Anderson, L. B.. c, Shelby County.
12. Arnott, Katie, \v, Adams'St.
13. Anderson, Mrs. BullerP., w, Hernando St.
13. Austin, Jack, c, 191 Linuen St.
13. Aner, A., w.
13. Averv, c. Fourth St,
14. Adams, Mr., Vance St.
14. Arnold, Mrs,, w, .'■>03 Main St.
14. Arnold, Bessie, w, .'iC3 Main St.
14. Aaron, Mrs. C. J.
1."). Anderson. Henrietta, \v.
l,'i. App, Matilda, w. Second St.
l.'i. Auguste, (,'ily Hospital.
l.">. Antlii>ny. Laura, 317 Union St.
15. Armstrong, Luna, w. Union St.
15. Adams, Mr., w, Vance St.
10. Allen, D. A., w, Madison St.
10, Adams, R. R., w, Hernando St.
10. Allcnsworth (child).
10. Avers, 'I'honuis, w, 431 Slielbv St.
10. Ailcn. Fred., w. City Hosiiital.
iO. Arnold. Lcc, \v, .503 Main St.
lii. Arnol.l, Willie, w, .503 Main Pt.
10. Arnold. JIand, \v, .503 Main St.
10. Arnold, Lidilie, w, 503 i'lain St.
10. Atkins, Jerry, w.
10, .Vniold, Bessie, w, 503 Main St.
17. .\nder.son. Callie, c, cor. Keel & FrontSts.
17. Ai hni.inn, Emma,w, cor. Fourth & Green-
law Sts.
17. Armstrong, Sarah, \v. Fort Pickering.
IS. Ames, Mrs. Daniel, w. Walker Ave.
l.s. Aaron, C. J.
IK. Archie, c. 113 Pontotoc St.
I'.i. Ames, Miss Mollic, w. Walker Ave.
19. Acklin, Mrs., w, Raybnrn Ave.
20. Anionctt, J. I , w, Adams St.
20. Abberdie. Ma.ggie, w.
20. Adams, Franklin, w, Jlarkcl St. Intirm'ry.
20. Armstrong, Alfred, c, 379 Beale St.
21. Armstrong, Dr. W. J., \v, AlalianuiSt.
21. Allen, Laura, w, Chnich Home.
21. Arft, Louis, \v. cor. Main & Carolina Sts.
21. Adams, Geo H., c, Adams St.
22. Allen. J. H.
22. Anderson, Virgil, c. Lnue Ave.
2.1. Auilerson. Daniel, c, R;iyburn Ave.
23. Anderson, 0-car, w, 102 Linden SI.
2:'.. Armstrong, W., w. City Hospital.
25. Anderson, William.
'.0. Amns. Mrs. A A., w, Jackson St.
20. Allingham, J. S., w. Market St. Infirmary.
20. Andeison, Charles.
20. Atkinson. Martha, c. Union St.
29. Arnold, ^rollle, w. Main St.
Oct. 1. Atkins(]n,W. J., w, L( ath Orphan Asylum.
1. Allen, Henry, c, Beaie St.
1. Anderson, Xiartiu, w. County Jail.
3, .'Vshc, Wm., w. near Church Home.
5 Adams, Mrs. Lu,'V, w, Hernando Road.
0. Allen, L M , w, Trigg Ave.
.s. Anderson, J. W. Jsherilt ), w, Wright .\ve.
10. Alkinsiin,Wni.,w, Leath Orphan Asylum.
* Under this head there will be fnund authenticated lists of all who died of yelkw fever during the epi-
demic of lS7t*.
t w. stAuds for white and c. for colored.
210
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEYEE.
Oct. 12 Adams, Amiio, u-, McLean Ave.
13. Armstrong, Bertlia, c, cor. Main & Gcnr-
Kia Sis.
14. Avciy. .Maji>r, w, Cane Creek, Shelby Co.
14. Allen, \V. H., w, Bimlevard, Shelby Co.
lb. Allen, Ellen, w, Poplar St.
17. Alien, Mr., w, Poplar St.
18. .\raia, Mrs. l^anra, w, Leo Ave.
21. Adams, Geo., w, conntry."
'24. Alston, F. I. F., c, Foi t PicUering.
2.'). Alien, Mrs., w. Poplar St.
2i>. Austin, Ran., w, B i\ilevard.
2G. .^dams, Ben., \v, Clay St.
Nov. 5. Anderson, Hannah.
8. Adams, Aaron, e, K.Kchango St.
15. Arzeno, Mrs Eliza, w, Mulberry St.
19. Arzeno, Alexander, w, MnlOerry St.
26. Arzeno, Nellie, w, Alulberry St.
Aug. 1:-!. Bionda, Kate, w, Front .St '■■
15. Bjrgman, .Geo., w, Poplar St.
17. Blum, M.
17. Bailey, 242 Monroe St.
17- BerusliicUer, .L, w. Main St.
18. Bernhardt, Mrs., w, l.j8 Poplar St.
ly. Banksmith, Minor, w, 3 Howard's Row.
I'J. Burke, Thomas, \v.
I'J. Burks, Homan, cor. Beale St. & (,'harle.s-
ton R. R.
19. Brown, Ada, w, 158 Wa.shington St.
20. B'.oomlield, Morris, w, cor. Poplar i High
Sts.
20. B;illow, Julia N.
20. Bullock, Ellen, Watson PI., Shelby Co.
22. Ballon, Johnnie, Woods Ave.
22. Ba.xter, Mollie, w, Madison St.
22. Berger, Doc, e, 11 Alabama St.
22. Burton, Philip, c.
23. Breman, John, w, 132}-^ Main St.
23. Byrne, J. W , w, Georgia St.
23. Biirges, Maggie, w, Alabama St.
24. Brown. Dixie J., w, Fifth St., Fort Pick-
ering.
24. Bannon, John, w, 132 Main St.
2-'). Berry, Mr^. S. E., w. City Ho.spital.
20. Beale, August, w, ISO Poplar Si.
26. Barton, Ada, w, Raleigh Road.
26. Bell, Mary Bettie, w, 3« Johnson Ave.
27. Bell, Mrs. Annie, w, Adams St.
27. Brew, Mike, w, Overton St.
27. Bitterman, Mrs., w, 123 E.\changeSt.
27. Bji-gman, Miss Mary, w, 29 Beale St.
27. Bronson, James, Orleans .St.
2H. Bitterman, Mrs. H., w, 123 E.\change St.
28. Barnett, C. M.
28. Bui chert, J., w, JFain .St.
28. Borg, James J., w, High St.
28. Bell, Maria, Adams St.
28. Biirchett, Jlrs., \v, Manassas St.
29. Badinella, Antoine, w, 21 GosleeSt.
29. Bitterman, Is;iac, w, 123 Exchange St.
29. B.iiiey, Mary, w. Third St.
29. Brennan, Mrs. Katie, w. Auction St.
29. Bokel, Rev. John A., Jr., w, St. Peter's.
20. Barbee, MoUie, w, 89 Main St.
29. Baker, Charles, w, Vance St.
29. Banks, David, City Hospital.
29. Bowles, Maggie, c, Humphrey St.
29. Bantley, George, County Poor House.
29. Baker, Wjlliam, 133 South St.
30. Borg, Katie, w.
30. R'uker, J. B., w, 69 Jeff rson St.
30. Bostwick, J. L., w, Brinkley Ave.
.30. Bedford, George J., w, Carroll Ave.
30. Berry, James, City Hospiial.
30. Brown, Tom, Citv Hospital.
30. Bohen, William, 13.j South St.
30. Bradley, P. O., \v, cor. Auction St. and
Raleigh Road.
30. Brady, Mrs. Martha, w, cor. Auction and
Seventh Sts.
31. Burks, Bill, e, al'.ev, bet. Winchester &
Third Sts
31. Brantner, John, w, 2S Third St.
Sept. 1. Bussea, Peter, (iayoso House.
1. B'lyee, Josephiu '.
1. Birding, GooJmnn, c. Commerce St.
2. Buehl, John, \v, Bass Ave.
Sept. 2. Brinkley, Jlary, c, 102 Front St
2. Burns Oscar.
2. Bassev, Mollie, 3 North Jackson St.
2. Butler, W.T., w, City Hospital.
2. Breunaii, John, City Hospital.
"2. Bernard, E. II, \v, 22 A' l-rySt.
2. Bornadin. Sister, w. La Salette Academy.
2. Bisman, Heiir.v, Poplar St. Boulevard.
2. Barnes, Win. C, \v. Fifth St.
,3. Barron, Ellen, w, Winchester St.
3. Barnes, Sarah, w, Monroe St.
3. Bock, Isadore, w, Cily Hospital.
3. Brown, Wash , 64 Johnson Ave.
3. Bruns, Robert, w, 14 Adams St.
4. Brown, G. W., 64 Johnson Ave.
4. Bonier, Carrie, w, 161 Pontotoc St.
4. Burnes, Thomas, w. Main St.
4. Bruns, Mrs. Rebecca, \v, Adams St.
4. Barton, Joseph, c, 166 Moseby St.
4. Barron, Maggie, Winchester St.
4. Brol;er, Mrs., 39 Jones Ave.
4. Bailey, Robert, w, 35 Third St.
4. B liley, Gl Concord St.
4. Bowks, Jennie, c, 40 Causey St.
4 Brown, Lucy, c City Hospital.
4. Birber, I., w. Market St. Infirmary.
4. Bruns, Mrs. Rebei ea, w, 14 Adama St.
5. Beardon, VVm., City Hospital.
'i. Bruns, Mike, \v, Citv Hospital.
5. Bund, Planter, Mill St.
5. Beauiord, Miss, c, De Soto St.
5. Boyd, Jack, City Hospital.
5 Beilin, Addie, cor. Beale & Hernando Sts.
5. Byrd, Mike, w. Market St. Infirmary.
5. Brown, E. A., c, 112 Jetl'erson St.
5. Biggers, W. L., w, City Hospital.
5. Beaehmont, Pierre, \v, Madison St.
5. Borner, John, w, Pontotoc St.
5. Bronson. Charles, c. Madison St.
5. Barnes, Corinne.
5. Bowman. B. F., Ft. Pickering.
5. Briggs, W. L., City Hospital.
5. Baum, Elenora, w. Poplar St.
G. Burke, Thomas, w, 61 Exchange St., ex-
tended.
6. Briguidello, Angelo, w. Navy Yard.
6. Bennett, Charles, \v, Robeson St.
6. Burns, J. A., e. Short Third St.
6. Bender. Fred., w, 77 Jack.son St.
6. Black, Katie, 15 St. Martin St.
6. Burke, Mr. Wm., \v, 61 Exchange St., ex-
tended.
6. Burke, Margaret, w, 61 Exchange St., ex-
tended.
G. Beardon, William. Citv Hospital.
6, Boyd, Jack, City Hospital.
6. Burke, Mike, w. Causey St.
6. Brady, Thos., w. Poplar St.
7. Boweu, Nannie, Horn Lake Road.
7. Burns. Melinda, Short Third St.
7. Bowden, Karvey, w, flat-boat (Wolf
River).
7. Brocher, Ernest, w. Market St. Infirmary.
7. Brame, J. R., Citv Hospital.
7. Bell, Mr., 17 Hernando St.
7. Beavers, M. J., w, Mosebv Ave.
7. Burns, Julia, Short Tliird St.
8. Brown, Emma, w.
8. Bear, Angus, 129 Dniilap St.
8. Boyd, Joe, w, 1 Beale St.
8. Bell, Mrs. M. E., w, 178X. Front St.
8. Bows, Caroline, 99 Third" St.
8. Balonieney, Mike, w, cor. Orleans and
Lauderdale Sts.
8. Balfour, John, w. City Hospital.
8. Bvman, William, c, 2-59 Union St.
8. Bay, Mitchell, Front St.
8 Brooks, iNIrs. Maria L., \v.
8. ]5iggs, Mrs. E. ('., cor. Beale A- Second Sts.
9. Blauz. (.narenee, w. Linden St.
9. Boss, Peter G., w, Beale St.
9. Bosehnan, E., w, Adams St.
9. Blaekbnrne, Rob't, c, 4 Winchester St.
9. Balger, James, w,cor. Market it Main Sts.
9. Brown, Andrew, e, 1-14 D.- Soto St.
9. Bradford, Mrs., w, 703 Main St.
9. Boyd, Gus. B., w.
Tliis was the first case reported to or by the Board of Healtli.
A HISTOKY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
211
Bept. 9. Birncs, Caroline, c, Tliird St.
!). liiacic. Jaint'S, w.
1). Burrows, Dr., \v, 133 Main St.
10. Hnrlcf, Mrs. L L.
10. H my. .\ti.stin, Thinl Sf.
10. liini, Jiiliu. w. Market St. Infirmarv.
10. liovd, .M., 'j:;i Vaiicp Si.
10. I'.raillord, li. B., w, 703 ^raiu St.
10. liosji, I'eter, \v, 22 Bas.s Ave.
10. Bry.^dii, Tlios.. w. 170 Main St.
10 Hovlaii, Marv, Wailcer Ave.
10. Bovd, Fred.,'c, llll Elliott St.
10. Blair, Hattie. e, rear H Main St.
10. Brawuer. .1. H., w, Seeoiul St.
10. liurnes, Adolpli.
10 BostwicI;, Willie.
10. Brandon. 2.'iO Second St
10. Boltdu, Thos. C, w, Camp Burke.
11. liurk, Kmnia, 190 Alaljama St.
11. ]5rit. Mary, e, Hnpert Ave.
11. Bennett, Mrs. De Gray, w, cor. Second A
Mill Sts.
11. Burk. Matilda. Bradford St.
11. Br.idlord. Blanche, 703 Main St.
11. Bi-vin.s, Fannie M., Moseby St.
11. Burk, .letf., w.
11 Boia, Daisv, c, Monroe St.
11. Busliev, H. L., w. Market St. Infirmarv.
12. Boss, L., c, 44 Causey St.
12. Broiilnax, Bishop, cor. Auction and
Fourth Sts.
12. Bush, Wni , c. 344 Second St.
12. B.iei-iualuiipo, Joseph, w, BealeSt.
12. Bradford, (feo., w, 703 Main St.
12. Bravvner, Koh't, \v, Second St.
12. Brown, Mrs. J., w, Dunlap St.
12. Banniici;, C. E.
12. Barlier.'Matilda, c, Broadway St.
12. Brcjwn. Phil.
12. Best, Thos., w, O'ynipic Park.
12. Bader, Wm.. c, Citv Hospital.
12. liurkins, Arthur, c, Third St.
13. Burk, Ja<'k.son.
13. Barnes, A., w, Monroe St.
13. Burne.s, Pat
13. Brown, Margaret D. L., w, Chelsea.
13. Bosji, MaR-ie, w. 22 Bass Ave.
13. Burns. Daw, c, S lort 'I'hird St.
13. liailev (chihl), c, 70 North Jackson St.
13. Baker. Wm., City llosp tal.
13. Bell, Jacob, Kandolpii Road.
13 Buckner, Alice.
13. Buckner, Hannah.
14. Bjnnins, Francis, cor. Tennessee and
Vance Sts.
14. Burr, Henry, c, 17.') Madison St.
14. Boystic, Isaac, w, IMarket St. Infirmary.
14. liurtinner, Chas.,w, Market St. Infirmary.
14 Brown, Henry, w, MarkelSt. Infirmary."
14. Brithucv, II. S., w. Market St. Infirmarv.
14. Black, Chas., City Hospital.
14 Barker, Mrs L., w. Hernando Road.
14. Burton, Silas, c, cor. Main & Linden Sts.
14. Boyle, A. W.,w, 22 B.iss Ave.
14. Brinklev, Maria.
14. Badeneila, Celesta, w, 1.S2 Beale St.
14. Bailev. Charles.
14. Belte, Jacob.
14- Burgner. Fred., w. 39 Madison St.
14. Buckei, H. W., w, 30 Madison St.
14. Ballinger. C, w. Walnut St.
14. Bailev, Valentine.
14. Bostwiek. J. M.
14. Brown, Mrs. P. P., w, GO)-^ Bcale St.
14. Beck, Ct. H., w.
14. Bowen, W. G., w.
14. Brown, Bob, c, Ruth St.
lr>. Becker, (i. H., Jr.. w.
l."i. Brooks, Wm., w. factorv lot, Chelsea.
1.^. Butler. Ed., w, Gholson St
1.1. Brown, Sam., w, City Hos))ital.
1.5. Berrgin, Annie, w, 410 BealeSt.
1-"). Burnes, Albert, w, Monroe St,
1."). Butler, Ed.
V}. Blew, R W., w, cor. Wellington & Vance
SLs.
1.1. .Blackmore, L. W., w.
In. Belford. Hatniali, w.
15. Burgess, Annie, w, 410 B;'alc St.
Sept. IC. Bricss, IT. H., w, Kerr Ave.
10. Bnllock, Mrs. C.
10 Barlow, J. W.
111. Bond, Dr. T. W., w, Court St. Infirmarv.
10. Ballena, Henry, Ft. Pickerin;,'.
10. Bell, Cow Island Road, Shelbv Countv.
Hi. Bond, Henry, w, Randuii>ii Road.
10. Barnes, Charles, w.
10. Ballard (child of JimV
1(1 B.icher, w. La Saletie .'icndemv.
10. Biirke, Andrew, w. City HfKpital.
li;. Bolen Andrew, w, fo(it'of Jackson St.
]('). Buckner. Wm. w. faciorv lot, Second St.
10. Brennen, Ellis, 2( 0 Ell iol't St.
10. B'.rgen, Frank, w, 410 Beale St.
10. Blew, Robert, w. cor. Wellington and
A'ance Sis.
10. Blew, Mrs. R. W., w, cor. Wellington and
Vance Sts.
10. Blew, Willie, w, cor. Wellington and
Vance Sis.
10. Blew, Z:ila. w, cor. Wellington and Vance
Sts.
10. Beniandine, Sister, w.
10. Brown, Elli.s, w.
17. Brautz, Henry, w. City Hospital.
17. Barnes, A., w. City Hospital.
17. Brown, Katie, <j, near brick church
(Chelsea).
17. Berkin, Caroline, c, Hernand(j ami Beale
Sts.
17. Brown. Hatlie.c.cor.Beale & Divorce Ave.
17. Bli.s.s, Mrs. Mary K., lol Broadway.
17. Brown. I^cwis, w, Wellingtiai St.
17. Baker. Martha.
]7. Pairnes, Lewis, w. Henry Ave.
17. Bridgeford, Nancy, w, cor. Ecliols and
Vance Sts.
17. Baccigaluppo, Vincent.
17. Banksniith. Dr. R. H.. w. Court St.
17. Barton, J. W., w. Front St.
is. Brooks, Mrs. R. E., w, Puiyburn Ave.
l.l. Barsman, .Sillie.
'ix. Bankson. Dr. J. S.,w. Crurt St. Infirmarv.
1 1 !ro( iks, E| .p. ,C( a-. I ubois .\.ve. & Middle .'-it.
IS. Balew, w, Citv Hospital.
IS. Brcles, Robert, c, 13 Mulberry St.
IS. Barnes, Anna, Citv Hospital.
],s. Buddinella, O. A.! 102 BealeSt.
IS. Blew, Janies.cor.Wcllin'.;ton i Vance Sts.
IS. Burke, Thomas, w, Charleston Railroad.
IS. Badiknelli, David, w, 12 Goslee St.
IS. Brown, l'"aunie.
18. Bailie, Jlrs. Frederikn, w, Adams St.
IS. Brown. Henry, c, Causey St.
IS. Brown, Daniel, c, Ciuiscy St.
IS Brown, E., c. Central Point.
19. Brown, Hiiliard, w, Cam'.ina St.
19. Banks, Matilda, S<jiitli St.
19. Brown, Col. A. S., w, Dunlap St.
19. Brooks, Mat., c. Linden St. Infirmary.
19. Brooks, Susan, c, cor. Jlulberry and Hnl-
ingSt.
19. Brown, Henry, c, Carolina St.
19. Breckenridge,' W., w, cor. Hernando and
Elliott Sts.
19. Bant, Tild.a, c, South St.
19. Barker, Hattie, w, 200 Second St.
19. Belford (child of Maggie), c. Court St.
20. Bush, John, e, cor. Poplar & Waldron Sts.
20. Beavers. Nora, w, Moseby Ave.
20. Byrd, William, c. City Hospital.
20. B irnes, Tliomas, w. City Hospital.
20. Bowht, Rcscord, JIarket St. Infirmary.
20. Black, R. E., w. Poplar St.
20. Brown, John, 73 De Soto St.
20. Bernard, Henry, w, Beale St.
20. Barnes, son of R.W., w, New Raleigh R'd.
20. Bohu", Rishora, w, cor. Houston and
Tennessee Sts.
20. Brown, Mrs. Annie, c, Gnyoso St.
21. Brown, Lucien, w.
21. Bidi-'cr, Jfrs. Caroline, w.
21. Beattie. John, w. Union Ave.
21. Bacon. Thomas,w,rnion Ave.
22. Burke, Mrs., w, .South St.
22. B ic ig iluppo.Mrs.Vincent.w, Union Ave.
22. Blinso. J. H., w. Market St. Infirmary.
22. B.iss, T. C, w, Market St. Infirmary.
212
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER,
Sept. 22. BIanche,c,Brinkley's Woods, Raleigh E'd.
22. Iiorden, Annie Lon., w.
23. Brooks, Charles C, w.
2 !. Burrell, c, 141 Vance St.
24. Boisseau, J. C.
24. Booth, Mrs. Sarah.
21. BL'rnard, Henry, Jr., w, Beale St.
24. Hacoigaluppo, Mary A., w. Union Ave.
24. Burke, A. A., w, Jackson St.
21. Burcham, Dr. R., \v, Main St.
24. Brown, Lewis, c, 51» Elliott St.
24 Bernard, H. H , w, 187 Beale St.
24. Boisseau. D. R, w, Shelby St.
24. Borden, Luthe,', w.
2.5. Beard, J. H., Cleveland, Ohio.
25. Bans, LL'ttie, 231 South St.
2o. Brown, Mary, Randolph Road.
2b. Britton, Robert, Jr., w, Waldron Ave.
2'i. Britton, Robert, Sr., w, Waldron Ave.
2.5. Borden, Willie Webb, w.
2(1. Bowers, Nancv, w, Bealc St.
26. Brigas, James T.
26. Barfinger (child of I).
26. Bluhni, Julius.
26. BalUnu'er, Mrs. C, w. Walker Ave.
26. Bowers, Nancv, 447 Bealc St.
26. Bradford, Ellen, w, Citv Hospital.
26. Hlackvvell, Frank, w. Spring St.
26. Baker, Augu.ste,w, j mile toll-gatc,Sholby
Countv.
26. Blakcmore, W. J., w, Elliott St.
27. Burton, John.
27. Biggs, G. L., Court St. Infirmary.
27. Btnevi^:l, A.
27. Brass, Frank.w, cor. Walker & Second Sts.
27. Brown, D.
27. Brass, ,\nnie,w, cor. AValker <S: Second Sts.
27. Brass, Fannie, w, cor. Fourth and Georgia
Sts.
2S. Barton, G. W.
28. Bennett, M., w, cor. Broadway and Sec-
ond Sts.
28. Boyd, Charles, w. City Hospital.
29. Burke, A. A., Jr , w, Jackson St.
29. Botts, Mrs. Teddic, w, Union Ave.
29. Birdie, c, Henry Ave.
29. Blew, Maggie, w, cor. Wellington and
Vance Sts.
29. Bernstein, A.
29. Butler, George, w, cor. Gayoso and De-
Soto Sts.
29. Burke, H. M., Court St. Infirmary.
30. Butler, William.
30. Biilev, Alice.
30. Ballcin, John C.
30. Burke. Kate, w, cor. Fifth <t Gholson Sts.
30. BossicUe, Mrs. Sallie.
30 Brady, Miry, w. Shelby County.
30. Biilev, Al'riea, c, Carolina St.
Oct. 1. Bair, B illette.
1. Brass, George, w. Second St.
1. Brown, Mrs. Jacob, w.
1. Brown, Emma, c. Union .Vve.
1. Browii, .\.ggie, c, 394 Dc Soto St.
1. Brown, Jacob, w, 107 Wellington St.
2. Brinkmau, Minnie, w, Jackson St.
2. Byrne, John C, w, Market St. Infirmary.
2. Burns, Edward, w, Hernando Road.
3. Brown, Charles M., w, Valentine Ave.
o. Blake, N., c, 217 Hernando St.
3. Blautz, John, Market St. Infirmary.
4. Boolh, James, w. Walker Ave.
4. Ballick, B., c, Pop'.ar St.
4. Briggs, Robert, w. Second St.
4. Borden, Elm i Wood, w.
5. Briggs, Mr., w, Carolina St.
6. Brown, E., c, cor. Fourth it Jackson Sts.
6. Burne, Annie, w, Georgia St.
6. Bucliignani. T., w, Raleigh Road.
7. Brown, P. M., w, Madison SI.
7. Burleson, Mrs. M. J., w. State Female Col-
lege.
.s. Boyle, son of Henry, w, Vance St.
8. Burke, Michael, w, Manassas St.
8. Barton, Geo., c. Fourth St.
S. Bartholomew, Dr.O.D..w, HcmandoRoad.
9. Brock, Mrs. A., w. Poplar St.
9. Brown, Nettie, c, City Hospital.
9. Barker, Mrs. S. L., w,' :0.5 Robinson St.
Oct. 9. Barnard, A., w.
10. Bennett, Mary, w, Vance St.
10. Britton, Mrs.'Robert, w, Waldron Ave.
10. Brearton, James, w,. Junes Ave.
10. Brearton, Katie, w, Jones Ave.
111. Billar, Jasper, w. Country.
11. Brooks, Bvron, v, Chelsea.
11. Belcher. La Rose .St.
11. Bacon, Liddie, w. Quinby St.
11. Brock, A., w. Poplar St.
11. Brochvogel, Wm , w. Fifth St.
12. Bandy, J. F., w, Horn Lake Road.
12. Barnetl, Betsey, c, Carr Ave.
12. Blankenbnrg, Wm., w. Central Ave.
12. B(jwen, Alexander, w, Mostby St.
13. Krennan, Thomas, w. No. 1 Engine.
13. Brown, Millie, c, Broadway St.
14. Baker, Cluirles, c. Old Raleigh Road.
14. Buck, Jlrs. Caroline, w. Poplar St.
14. Burke, Mary E., w, Sonlh Jiiek.son St.
13. Brochvogel, Wm., w, GcoigiaSt.
15. Body, Van, w, Union Ave.
15. Ball. Mary Lee, w, Fort Pickering.
15. Burke. Mrs. C., \v, Manassas St.
16. Eehuns, George, w-, Breedlove Ave.
16. Brown, Jelf., c, Erbs' PI., Hernando Road.
16. Brown, child ot Francis, c, 115 Butler St.
16 Bcthney. Jim, w, Connly Jail.
17. Bovd, Willie, c. State Female College.
18. Bailev, Mrs. Kate, w, Horn Lake Road.
19. Brown, A. W., c, Georgia St.
20. Brock, Arthur, w. City Hospital..
21. Brown, Henry, w, Cenlral Ave.
21. Burns, Willie, w, Overton Point.
21. Bisman, Cliarles, w, Hujipers Ave.
22. Brooks, C. B., w, cor. Keel it Fifth Sts.
23. Black, Henrv, w. Slate Female College.
23. Ball, Willie, c. Front St.
24. Biickhaller, Julia, w, Chelsea.
24. Bcrrv, Mrs. C. J . w. Boulevard.
24. Bodell, Mr., w, Elmwood.
25. Burke, B., w. City Hospital.
23. Barr. C. H., \v, Hernando St.
2.1. Beehn, Kate L., w. Country.
26. Btihn, Katie Leonora.
26. Brock, Bessie £., w, St. Peter's Orphan
Asylum.
28. Bender, L., w, Braden Station.
,30. Belle, child of Annie, c, tor. Georgia &
Shelbv Sts.
00. Botto, John V., w, Vance St.
Nov. 2. Brizzolara, James, w, Beale St.
2. Brown, Irwin, c. Front St
3. Biisch, Mary F., w, Mosebv St.
3. Bofiza, Adoiph, w. City Hospital.
3. Bnrk, Michael, w. Front St.
4. Breen, Maggie, w. Union Ave.
4. Bolton, BeVnie. w. Main St.
9. Buchigiiani, Mrs M., w. Beale St.
9. Bingham, Mary D., w, Dnnlap St.
10. Biimmcl, Geo., w, Marley Ave.
It. lirunner. Alice, w, Leath Orphan Asylum.
17. Burnes, .lane, c.
Aug. 12. tUarke, son of G. B., 210 Front St.
13. Coleman, Giistave A., w.
13. Crohn, Hattie, w.
1.5. Cairns, J. G.
16. Cook, Mrs. C. II., w, Pontotoc St.
19. Caruthers, Cheney, c.
19. Cohn, Jacob, City Hospital.
20. Clarke, Mrs. Margaret, Poplar St.
20. Craig, Sam., c.
20. Cheek, Philip M.. w.
21. Clavton, .loe, 167 Fourth St.
22. Craig, Sam., w, 102 Front St.
22. Cioyd, Thomas S., w.
22. Cannon, Mike, w. Front St.
22. Cole, Mrs. Rachel, w, 113 Market St.
22. Clemmons, H. S., w, 23 Alabama St.
23. Cunningham, M. J., w, Alabama St.
23, Cornier, Ben., c, Looncy Swit<4i.
23. Conlin, John, w, Citv Hospital.
23. Child, 101 Second St.
25. Cook, Eddie, c, Stewart Ave.
25. Cunepo, Mrs. Mary.
23. Clarke, Harry, w, Charleston Ave.
2.3. Cole, Gertrude, w, 115 Market St.
25. Cleary, Lucy, 34 St. Martin St.
25. Cleary, Mrs.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
213
Aug. 27. Clnircli, C. H., w, Rolnnson St.
■2S. Campbell, Willie.
28. Cummings, Maggie, w, Causey St.
28. Conliii, Maggie, w, City Hospital.
2.S. Carey, James, w, 3(i Bradford St.
28. Cumniiiigs, Mrs. Mary, 39>^ Causey St.
28. Campbell, William, c, l.'>6Beak' St.
28. Cooper, Amelia, e, 121 Washington St.
28. Cole, Stella, w, IW Market St
28. Crane, Charles, w, Min-ket .Square.
28. Crisbon, Eliza, c. Linden St.
29. Crocker, Fritz, 35 Jones Ave.
29. Clarke, Eliza.
29. Cunev, James, w, Dunlap St.
29. Cobb; Eli, c, 77 Hill St.
29. Cole, R., w, IIM Market St.
29. Connelly, Tim., 137 Duulap St.
29. Cook, Peyton, 130 Madison St.
29. Calhoun, N. A., 133 Exchange St.
29. Clemens, Henry.
29. Chandler, J. F., w, Monroe St.
■ 31. Coyle, Mrs. Mary, w, Madison St.
31. Connelly, Jane, 137 Dunlap St.
31. Calhoun, Mrs.
31. Chambers, Sallie, c, IG}^ Causey St.
Sept. 1. Congrcla, Bowman, Poplar St.
1. Cook, Adam, c, Marshal Ave.
1. Cliirke, Annie, BealeSt.
1. Chapman, Mrs. B. N., w. Poplar St.
1. Cicella, Paul, w, cor. Main A: Washington
Sts.
1. Curat, Celia.
1. Cain, J. E., w, Memphis& Charleston R.R.
1. Caulfeld, Roman, vv, Poplar St.
1. Curr, J. E., City Hospital.
1. Comba, F., w. Camp Father Mathew.
2. Consadine, Jolin, w, Valentine Ave.
2. Cleveland, P. \V., w , Poplar St.
2. Cairns, Julia R., w.
2. Chalmers, Verona.
2. Clarke, Anna.
2. Connelly, Kate, 137 Dunlap St.
2. Carr. Ann.
2. Cummings, J. J.
2. Cook, Ellen, c, 14 Adams St.
2. Collar, Miss, 172 Poplar St.
2. Conehela, T. J., Ciiv Hospital.
2. Conrad, 1.30 Madison St.
■2. Cook, Ellen, 14 Adams St.
2. Cleaverton, VV. T., 92 Poplar St.
2. Cane, F., w. City Hospital.
3. Ciunetla, Cerolia, w, 233 Washington St.
3. Cooler, Harriet, 5.5 Winchester St.
3. Crocker, ^frs. w, 43 Jones Ave.
S. Chinaman, oor. Main & Poplar Sts.
S. Cole, Harriet, Winchester St.
S. Cook, Michael, w, 4 High St.
3. Coleman, CiiUen, .3(19 Pontotoc St.
3. Cenles, Dennis, Dunlap St.
3 Cicalla, Mrs. N., w, Shelliy St.
3. Cairns, Mary D., w, 125 .\labamaSt.
3. Cainevern, Alice, w, Vance St.
3. Callahan, .Tohn, \v. Second St.
3. Collins, Miss, w. Poplar St.
4. Carlisle. Eliz ibcth, w, 217 Alabama St.
4. Connelly, Dennix, w, 137 Dunlap St.
4. Clarke. Barney, w. City Hospital.
4. Crossette, C. C., w. City Hospital.
4. Corrigan, Mike, w. City Hospital.
4. Crogan, D . w. Second St-
4. Callahan, Sister Rose,.w, La Salette Acad-
emy.
.'). Cau.sey, Laura, Alabama St.
.'). Coyle, P. J , w. City Hospital.
5. Carleston, Chas., City Hospital.
5. Cook, David, Jackson St.
5. Cunesse, John.
5. Crook, U. W. L., w, Adams St.
6. Cummins, Ale-x., w. Market St.
C. <-'ronin. John, w, Georgia .St.
C. Cummins, Capt. Jolin, w, 178 Robinson St.
C. Conners, Mike, 61 Exchange St.
6. Crittenden, Mrs.J. A., Whitehaven, Shelby
Coil n ty .
6. Clogston, \., Second St., Ft. Pickering.
6. Causey, Laura, cor. Second and Alabama
Sts.
6. Childress, John, c, 70 Vance St.
C. Crawford, .Sallie, c, 208 Dunlap St.
Sept. 0. Comba, John, w. Camp Father Mathew.
7. Chalmers, Charity, c, 33 Avery St.
7. Clarke, Charley, c, Chelsea St.
7. Cruikshank, James, w.
7. Carter, Grade.
7. Cronin, John, w, Georgia St.
7. Cummins, Alex., w. Market St.
8. Cathcy, Bettic, c, 37>i Commerce St.
8. Connelly, Mary, w. Poplar St.
8. Cleary, .Mike, cor.Thirdtt Van Buren Sts.
8. Clearv (child of Mike).
8. Calloway, Elsie, c.
9. Cook, A. F. C, w, Orleans St.
9. Castillo, Mike C, w, Court St.
9. Constance, Sister, w.
9. Cleary, Conn, Ft. Pickering.
9. Cook, Mrs. W., w, 170 South St.
9. Camp, William, c, l.SO Commerce St.
9. Cole, Alice, Hatchie River Bridge, Second
St.
9. Coleman, S., w.
9. Crefiril, J., w.
9. ('ernes, H., c.
10. Conners, Pat , w. Front St.
10. Crowin, Tom, w, 448 Poplar St.
10. Carrie, Mrs., 18 Avery St.
10. Crutchen, Rubina, c, 89 Gayoso St.
10. Countcs.s, Beckie, c, cor. Mill & Main Sts.
10. Cobb, Henry.
10. Coleman, Benj.
10. Cancpo, Jennie, w, 41 Causey St.
10. Cook, S. D., w, Shelby St.
10. Cole, Frederick, w, 09 Adams St.
10. Chandler, William, w. Main St.
10. Connelly, John J., w, Madison St.
11. Comstock, C'. M.
11. Cleary, Mike.
11. Cunningham, Lavina, e, cor. Jack.son &
Jliiin Sts.
11. Crosby, Mahala, c, 372 Union St.
11. CarlLs'le, 2:> Ravburn Ave.
11. Criclcs, Kitly, c. Poplar St.
11. C;issonella, Miss, cor. Seventh & Alabama
Sis., Ft. Pickering.
11. Cox. Williiim, Ba^s Ave.
11. Cru.se, S. P., 242 Old Raleigh Road.
11. Carr, James, 375 Linden St.
11. Conner, Jivmes.
11. <-ardell, John, Taylor St.
11. Cook, Annie, Man.siou House.
11. C(ainer, Mrs. C, w, BealeSt.
11. ciirry, Dan., c. City Hospital.
11. <'roto, A.
12. Cobb, George, 249 Union St.
12. C'rissie, 44 Allen Ave.
12. Carson, Peter, w, 9 Memphis & Charles-
ton U. R.
12. Crowder, Miss, Navy Yard.
12. Carr, T. J., w, Market St. Infirmary.
12. Cahope, Ed.
12. Cutting, B. N., w. Main St.
12. Clements, T. F. O., w, Hernando St.
12. Crowder (child of Mrs.), \v. Navy Yard.
12. Coleman, E..C, Union St.
12. Coleman. Cally, c, Pontotoc St.
13. Coe. L. H., w. Linden St.
13 Clarv. Joe. w, Gavoso St.
13 ("larv, Mike, w, factory lot. South Mill,; St.
13. Charles, c. Mill St.
13. Cummin.s, Yansey, c.
13. Crawford Stephen, c.
1-1. Cheek, G. A., w, ieVi North Court St.
14. Carmichael, Mrs., \v, 200 Second St.
14 Codv, Alex., c, cor. Hernando &. Vance
Sts.
14. Cole, George, City Hospital.
14. Castillo, Belinda, near Elmwood.
14. Conntee, Ike, c, cor. Mill & Main Sts.
14. Cooper, Tlios-, c, 20 Orleans St.
14. Celite, Johoe, w, Randolph Road.
1.5. Cleary, M., w, Carolina St.
15. Cleaves, E. L., w.
15. Clarke, H , w.
15. Ca.sterilli, Joseph, w, cor. Seventh and
Alabama Sts.
15. Cutter, John, w, Peabody Hotel.
15. Corev, W. H., w. Market St. Infirmary.
15. Coates, Almon, \v. Woolen Mills, Fort
Pickering.
214
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
Sept. 15. Carter, Jackson, -w, 1.3] Beale St.
1.5. Colton, Pat., 17 Jackson St.
15. Callahan, Lizzie, cor. Second <fe Bickforcl
Sts.
15. Crawford, Cyntliia.
15. Conner, Lonny, w.
15. Conner, Maggie, w.
15. Colter, Mary, w.
16. Clialmette, George.
16. Campbell, Frank, \v. Pigeon Roost Road.
16. Conners, Frank, w.
16. Callahan, Miiggie, w, Hernando Road.
16. Conner, J. \V.
16. Courts, Angie, w, 205 Tennessee St.
16. Clarke, Mrs. E. W., w, 2S9 Beale St.
16. Callahan, Mrs. M., w, Hernando Road.
16. Chabrust. George, w.
16. Chensey, John W., \v.
16. Clancev, Maggie, w.
16. Clarke, Mrs. MoUie, ^v, 273 Main St.
17. Cunningham, Mr., w.
17. Clapham, George E.
17. Cox, A., e. Short Third St.
17. Catleman, B. D., w. City Hospital.
17. Chandler, James, c, Rayburn Ave.
17. Calhoun, Mrs., w, 406 Slain St.
18. Collins, Thomas, Cynthia St.
18. Clarke, Walter.
18. Clarke, G. W., Market St.
18. Crouch, Mary.
18. Conrad, Mrs. J P., w.
18. Crisman, Randolph, w. Brewery.
18. Callahan, Frank, w, Hernando Koad.
18. Cook, Richard, w, 170 South St.
18. Cain, Matthew.
18. Cuftey, D. E., w, City Hospital.
19. Coe, Mrs. M. Jt, w, McGee Station.
19. Capehut, Mr., w, Orleans St.
19. Castello, Mr., w, nearElmwood.
19. Cleaves, Charles, 358 Beale St.
19. Chappie, Simon, c.
19. Comba, Richard, w. Camp Father Mat-
hew.
20. Clarke, S. R.,259 Beale St.
20. Calhoun, R. F., w. City Hospital.
20. Cole, Hayden, c, cor. Dunlap Sc. & Bass
Ave.
20. Cox, Mrs. E. A.
20. Cook, John, w, Hernando Road.
20. Clearv, John D., w, De Soto St.
20. Cold, Waller, c, Stewart Ave.
21. Carson, John, w, Monroe St.
21. Connell, Eliza, w, cor. Walnut & TateSts.
21. Cole, Emily, c, Broadway St.
21. (^rutchen, Stephen, c, Pontotoc St.
21. Cobb, Rhoda,, c, 217 South St.
21. Conners, Frank, w, 78 Wellington St.
22. Champlain, George, w, Henrv Ave.
22. Chinn, Walter, w, Pontotoc St.
22. Cordano, Antonio.
22. Cronlus, c. Linden St.
23. Cox. William, c, Shelby St.
23. Cox, Sarah, w, 160 Gayoso St.
23. Cook, Mrs. George, w, cor. Jackson it
Third Sts.
23. Carroll, Sidney, w, cor. Coffee & Second
Sts.
23. Cook, John, w, cor. Jackson & Third Sts.
23. Coleman, Jessie, c, cor. Second & Bigelow
Sts.
23. Carter, Mary, c, Beale St.
23. Cornellia, Eliza, e, 232 Linden St.
23. Countee, D., c. Dean Ave.
24. Catron, R. R., w, Penhody Hotel.
24. Connell, Annie, w. Walnut St.
24. Cox, Mrs., w.
2.5. Collins, James, w, Trigg Ave.
. 25. Caskall, Ellen, w, Georgia St.
25. Conrad, Monroe, c. Poplar St.
25. Carroll, Mrs. Ellen, w, cor. Georgia &
Seventh Sts.
25. Cartney, Lncinda, w, 149 Vanee St.
25. Coleman, Adam, w, cor. Broadway & Fifth
Sts.
25. Cox, Thornton, Hernando Road.
26. Cunningham, Richard.
26. Cass, Abe.
26. Corson, Edward E.
26. Cromwell, Mrs.
Sept. 26. Canapole, Antonio.
2ii. Connell, Pat , w. Court St.
20. Campbell, Dollv, w. Second St.
26. Cheves, Dr C. L., w, Peabody Hotel.
26. Carroll, Edward, w, Madison St.
27. Cartman, Henry, foot f)f Jackson St.
27. Cooper, George, c, lOS I'Vmrtli .St., Chelsea.
27. Cronpra, Xorman, w. Market St. Intirm'ry.
27. Cowtwill, Henry, foot of Jackson St.
28. Castmill. Henry, c, loot of Jackson St.
28. Clay, Mrs. Ann", w. Market St. Infirmary.
28. Caneon, J. E., w, City Hospital.
28. Cleary, Mary, w. Fort Pickering.
28. Cavanangh. Martin, w, Memphis it Little
Rock R. R.
28. Cables, Elder, c.
28. Cleary, John D., w, 138 De Soto St.
29. Courts, Lucy, Tennessee St.
29. Clapham, Thomas.
30. Clarke, Willie W.
30. Coe, Walter, c, 25 Stewart Ave.
.30. Coe, Mrs. Alice E., w, Linden St.
30. Czapsky, Louis, w. State Female College.
30. Cooley, Mr., Memphis & Little Rock R. R.
30. Clarke, R. B , w, Shelby St.
Oct. 1. Cooper, Katie B., w. Ross Ave.
1. Carr, Joseph, c. Third St.
1. Carter, Miss Dora, e, cor. Beale & Turley
Sts.
1. Coleman, clnld of J. M., Raleigh Road.
1. Carr, Luella, w. Main St.
1. Culle.v, R., w. Market St. Infirmary.
2. Connell. Miss Emma, w. Walnut St.
2. Clarke, R., c. Wolf River Ferry.
2. Christonson, Peter, w, Randolph Road.
2. Collins, George, c, Pnrtle St.
3. Cotton, Austin, c. Causey St.
3. Calson, John, w, Gayoso" Ho\ise.
3. Chambers, Vernon, c, Lauderdale St.
4. Clece, Jackson St.
4. Cannon, Francis, w. Front St.
4. Cannon, Bridget, Front St.
4. Carline, Katie, w. Poplar St.
4. Curtis, Lucy, w. City Hospital.
5. Carline, Mrs. A., w, Poplar St.
5. Cornelius, George, c.
5. Carter, Henry, c, cor. Carolina it Fifth Sts.
.5. Cannon, James £., w. Front St.
.5, Caldwell, Alex., w, Chapin Ave.
5. Crabb, John G., w, Lauderdale St.
5. Cannon, James, c. Walker Ave.
6. Cline, Miss, w, Raleigh.
6. Cook, Katie, w, Country.
6. Caldwell, Tennie, c, cor. Rayburn it
Walker Aves.
0. Cazaretta, Christine, w, eor. Seventh it
Alabama Sts.
6. Clarke, Annie, w, near Oil Works.
6. Clayton, Belle, e. Shelby County.
6. Clara. Mrs., w. Kerr Ave.
0. Coe, J. L., w, Vance St.
6. Cicalla, Paul, Sr.. w, Shelby St.
6. Couch, Mrs. H. H., w, Kerr Ave.
6. Clere, W. P., w, Raleigh.
7. Carver, Mrs., w. Cooper Ave.
7. Clarke, Francis.
7. Clere, W. P., lialeigh.
7. Capeheart W. N., w, Orleans.
7. Cannon, Pies., c, Overton Point.
7. Clarke, Jane, c, Wolf River Ferry.
8. Crowder, Nancy, w. Navy Yard.
8. Cazaretta. Peter, w, cor. Seventh it Ala-
bama Sts.
8. Cook, George, w, Jones Ave.
18. Crowell, dairghtcrof Henry H., w. Coun-
try.
10. Caldwell, Fannie, o, cor. Rayburn it
Walker Aves.
10. Carey, Albert, w, Pontotoc St.
10. Cohn, Harris, w, Trigg Ave.
11. Caroline, Frank, w. Poplar St.
11. Clark, Wm. Gwyn, w, Raleigh.
12. Cruse, John, w, Coiuitry.
12. Carr, Richmond, c, 20 0"rleans St.
12. Cook, M. A., w, Georgia St.
12. Canapo, child of John, w. 41 Causey St.
12. Cook, A., w, Lauderdale St.
13. Connell, Thomas, w. Walnut Ht.
13. Chandler, Willie, c. Calvary Cemetery.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
215
Oct. 13. Cleburne, Adeline, e, cor. Third & Ala-
bama Sts.
14. Carter, James, County Poor House.
14. Cappedonic.o, L., w, Beale St.
15. Carraway, Mr.^., w, Randolph Road.
1.5. Carraway, \Vm., w, Randolph Road.
1(). Ciinali, P. D., w, Kerr Ave.
16. Cockrell, Richard, w. Boulevard.
Id. (Joekrell, B. F., w. Boulevard.
10. Clockton, child of Josepliine, c, cor. Wal-
nut & Spring sts.
16. Cain, Mary, w, Second St.
16. Cohn, infant of iMr., w, Tritrg Ave.
IH. Clarke, Edrlie, w. Calvary Cemetery.
18. Cliristonson, N. P., \v, Randolph Road.
18. Carpenter, Chas., c, Linden St.
19. Clere, Mrs. W. P., w, Raleigh.
1',). Clarke Smith, c.
19. Cohn, Mrs H., w, Trigg Ave.
20. Clarke, child of Lucv. c, cor. St. Martin &
Elliott Sts.
20. Campbell, James, w, City Hospital.
21. Crumpeci, Miss E., w, Horn Lake Road.
21. Clarke, Tiiaddeus, w, Country.
24. Carver, Thomas, w, Cooper Ave.
24. Coleman, Edward, w, Ruleigh.
24. (.Iross, Jacob, w.
2.5. Carglll, John F., \v, Washington St.
28. Condon, Mary, w. Gayoso St.
29. Cullen, Thomas, w, Jackson St.
Nov. 1. Crowder, George, \v, U. S. Survey Boat.
3. Cobb, Mrs. E. D., w, Madison St.
3. Costillo, Jlichael, w, DunlapSt.
4. Cockrell, Mrs. J., w, Boulevard.
4. C:onnelly, Pete., \v. Union Ave.
10. Cameron, Mrs. J., w, Posteii Ave.
13. Cocke, Mrs. S., w, Union St.
13. Creighton, Samuel tlook, w.
13. Cooper, W. L., w. Linden St.
1(1. Chase, Ruth W., w, Third St.
17. Costen, Mrs.
28. Campbell, Mary, c. Pigeon Roost Road.
2.8. Coliupe, Leon, w, Kerr Ave.
Aug. 14. Davenport, Darby.
14. Decker, Theodore, w, Alabama St.
16. Davis. Josephine.
17. Decker, Henry, 34 Alabama St.
18. Decker, Mrs., 34 Alabama St.
19. Drury Mattie, w. Poplar St. Boulevard.
20. Dessauer, Fannie, w.
20. Donnelly, George L., w.
21. Duffey. .'lames V., w, Alabama St.
21. Davis, child of Mrs. Marv, 144 Poplar St.
22. Davis, Sam., w, 131 Poplar St.
22. Dolan, Andy, w, 199 Main St.
24. Dr.vev, Frank, C tv Hospital.
21. Davis, Florence, w, 144 Poplar St.
25. Dugan, Daniel, w. Linden St.
2.5. Donnovan, Mrs. John, w, Washington St.
26. Donnovan, John, Jr., vv, Washington St.
26. Donnelly, Tliomas H., w. Hospital.
27. Dnffey, Dan., w, 12 Alabama St.
28. Dalston, Charles, w, City Hospital.
28. Dalston, Frank, w, ("itv Hospital.
28. Dewey, Ellen, \v, 63 Commerce St.
28. Douglass. Rosa,c,cor.Jackson & Front Sts.
28. Dolan, Thos. Francis.
28. Driscr, Reinhardt.
29. Donnelly, Mina, w, 18 St. Martin St.
29. Duulap, Amelia, c.
29. Davis, George, cor. Court and Front Sts.
29. Dow, Robert, 214 Washington St.
30. Davis, George.
30. Dennison, W. L., w, Caswell Ave.
30. Dalton, Elizabeth, w, Madison St.
31. Dowell, Mrs. M. C , 141 Poplar St.
31. Davev, T. J., w. Fifth St.
31. Dreyfus, Samuel.
Se;';. 1. Davis (infant of Griffin), c, cor. Tennessee
and Vance Sts.
2. Dommons, Thomas, \v, Mill St.
2. Davis (child of Lou.), c.
2. Dawson, John.
2. Davis, Wm., c, Jefferson St.
3. Davis, E. O., 3.".0 Beale St.
3. Daley, Mary, w, cor. Payton Ave. and
Sycamore SI.
.3. Dnnlnp, Howard, 14 Front St.
4. Darby, Mrs. Jenny, w, 177 Second St.
.Sept. 4. Dalton, MissJf., w, Jackson St.
4. Donohue, Ellen, w. Mulberry St.
4. Dau, Chas., w, Main St.
4. Daley, P., w, cor. Pevtou Ave. & Dunlap St,
4. Dunlap, H , 14 Front St.
4. Dorsey, I'aunie, w, 86 Market St.
4. Davis, John, w, City Hospital.
4. Davis, Dolly, c.
4. Dulton, Mrs. Maggie, J.acksou St.
5. Dowell, Frank T., w. Front St.
5. Dugan, Louisa, City Ho.^pital.
5. Dawson, Chas., w, 36 Market St.
5. Daw.son, Annie, w. .'iO JlarketSt.
5. Dunn, Ed,, 102^2 Linden St.
5. Dalton, H G,, w, Tliird St.
5. Doinielly, Dennis, w, 137 Dunlap St.
6. Dolara, Sister, w, LaSalette .\cademv.
6. Dicker.son, Dr. P M., w, Pevion Ave.
0. Duty, Mai y, c, 378 .Second .St.
6. Davis, Mary L , cor Fifth A SafTcrans Sts.
6. Outran, O. J., 449 Hernando St.
6. Davy, Mary L.,w,cor.Filth & Sallerans Sts.
7. Douglass, John, c. Vaui e St.
7. Dolan, Mike, w, cor. Fourth and Wash-
ington Sts.
7. Dalton, York, c. Exchange St.
8. Douglass, MoUie.
8. Davis, C. C, w, .Market St. Infirmary.
8. Delaney, Wm., w.
8. Delaney, Mrs., w.
9. Duvall, Joseph.
9. Dewar. Nornutn, w. Main St.
9. Duncan, C. E., w.
9. Dallman, John, w, Gavoso House.
9. Davis, H., w, 201V, Liu'deu St.
P. Dell, Catlierine B^ vv.
10. D.ivis, Carric.'w, Market St. Infirmary.
10. Donehitf, F. A., \v. Market St. Infirmary.
10. Downs, Mrs., w. Old Raleigh Road.
10. Dukes, Robert, c. Seventh St., Chelsea.
11. Dunaki, Lewis.
II. Devoto, D., w, 7 Causey St.
11. Devoto, A., w, 7 Causey St.
11. Dai.sey, c, rear of i;!3 ^fain St.
11. Davis, ( hariiy, c, Short Tliird St.
11. Donaldson (child of Sarah). Stewart Ave.
11. Dwyer, Martin. cor..Alabama & Front Sts.
11. Doliertey, Mary C, cor. De Solo and
Gayoso Sts.
11. Duncan, Robt., Pigeon Roost Road.
11. Dea, Micliael, w. South St.
12. Daniels, Elvira, c, Broadway St.
12. Dunlap, Sam.
12. Davis, Byron, 240 Monroe St.
12. Dolan, Mike, w, river bank.
12. Davis, B., 42 Jackson St.
12. Downs, Mrs., w, P>aleigh Road.
13. Donahue, Maggie, Beale St.
13. Davis, Miiniie, c, Carolina St.
13. Dooley, Mine, \v. City Ho.spital.
14. Dawson, Mrs. Amelia, w, 74 Greenlaw St.
14. Dawson, J. G.
14. Davis, Robert, c, 249 Union St.
14. Donaldson Caroline, w, 10 Beale St.
14. Dillard, Mike, 40 Mulbeny St.
14. Dillard, Jim, c, 61 E.Nclnmge St., extended
14. Downs, James, w, Shelby County.
14. Davis, Marv, w, 391 Main St.
1 1. Davis, John, c, 99 Wellington St.
It. Duncan, Annie B.,w, Hernando St.
15. Drevfus, M., w, Raleigh Road.
15. Dodson, James, c, cor. Carolina and
Eighth Sts.
15. Davis, James, c, 440 Shelby St.
15. Dunncwav. Harriet, c, cor. Talbot and St.
Martin .Sts.
15. Dicker.son, Dennis, c, 375 Beale St.
16. Davis, Ella B., w.
16. Dorgs, Fred.,w,cor.Clay & Tennessee Sts.
16. Derges, May.
16. Dolan, Ellen.
16. Doereicht, A., w, Ruth St.
16. Dickerson, J. W.
17. Dawsou, John, w.
17. Dver, Margaret B., w, Wellington St.
17. Dickens (child).
17. Dick, Albert. Court St. Infirmary.
17. Devoto, Davy, w, 24 Causey St.
18. Dickerson, Isaac.
216
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
Sept. 18. Dodson (infant of Lciu.), c, Gayoso House.
18. Dreyfus, Lee.
18. Dodson, Lou., c, Gavoso House.
39. Dukes, \V. C, 129 Causey St.
20. Dickerson, W. P., \v, Puyton Ave.
20. Dargis, Joe, w, cor. Tennessee & Clay Sts.
20. Dorms, Sim., c, Poplar St.
20. Demiius, F., c. Second St.
21. Davis. W. J., w.
21. Dickerson, H. N., \v, Rayburn Ave.
22. Dargis.
23. Diw, Owen, w, Vance St.
2o. Doulan, Peter, 231 Georgia St.
23. Dyke, Mrs., cor. Jackson and Third Sts.,
Ft Pickering.
24. Daw.son, Dr.
24. Donnelly, Mrs, T. H.
24. Dawson, Annie, c. Linden St. Infirmary.
24. Dasliiell.Mrs.Tate E.,w, Pigeon Roost R'd.
25. Duft'ey, P. J., w, McLemore Ave
2-5. Davis, Jo.sepliine, w, Henrv Ave.
26. Dashiell, Frank P.,w,Pigeon Roost Road.
26. Dawson, Mr., w, Elnuvood.
26 Duncan, Mrs. A. L., 449 Hernando St.
26. Dunn, Marian.
26. Dickson, Mrs., 14 Front St.
27. Doherty, ('., c, City Hospital.
27. Dance (child of Belle), c, cor. Webster &
Ih' Siiito Sis.
27. Donalme, .Icihn, w. Union St.
27. Decker, Mary, w, Shelby St.
27. Dupuv, P., w. Horn Lake Road.
28. Driver, Mrs. V., c, Beale St.
29. Dawson (cliild of P.), c, cor. Dunlap and
Union Sis.
29. Dempsey, Charles, Market St. Infirmary.
29. Dink, Reverdv, w. Market St. Infirmary.
29. Davis, Mrs. Mary F., Valentine Ave.
29. Dolan, Maggie, w, Fifth St.
29. Drevfiis, Samuel.
Oct. 1. Davis, E. A., w. Walnut Ave.
3. Doulan, John, cor. Georgia & Wright Ave.
1. Devlin, B. F., Shelby County.
1. Doravoid, Charley, w, cor. Third and
Jackson Sts.
2. Dawson, Mary, w, Raleigh Road.
2. D.imstadter, Mrs. J., w, Randolph Road.
S. Davis, Thad., c, Jack.son St.
5. Dant, Giles, w, Memphis and Charleston
Railroad.
5. Dink, George, c, factory lot, Chelsea.
5. Dyches, Mrs. Bettie, w, McLemore Ave.
6. Davis, Emma B , w, Suzette St.
7. Dunn, W. S , w, Broadway St.
7. Doyle, James, w, Marley Ave.
7. Daniel, George, c, Madison St.
8. Damstadter, J., w. Randolph Road.
8. Dotson, Mary, c, 217 .Soutli St.
8. DutTev, Simon B., w, Hernando Road.
9. Davis, Charles J., w, Suzette St.
9. De Donoto, Ruf., w. county jail.
9. Dunn, Anderson, w. Gill's Station.
10. DufFey, Alice, w, Alabama St.
10. i:>odd. A. F., w, Poplar St.
10. Davis, George, c, Lauderdale St.
10. Donnelly, Thomas, w, Leath Orphan
Asylum.
11. Dupree, Annie, c, 220 South St.
11. Doherty, Thomas L., w. Walker Ave.
11. Debrula, Mrs. E., w, Jackson St
11. Dreyfus, B^'U., w, Raleigh Road.
12. Daucey, Thomas C, e, 13 Stewart Ave.
12. Daucey, Thomas, c, 13 Stewart Ave.
13. Dominic, Mr., w. Union St.
14. Durke, Oscar, w, Memphis and Charleston
R dlroad.
35. Dzmiski, Charles, w. Shelbv St.
1.5. Delaney, W. J., w. Boulevard.
15. Dalton, Ambrose G., w. Clay St.
16. Davis, Jefi;'., Jr., w, Buntyn's Station.
17. Deano, George, w. City lio.spital.
18. Dwyer, Lizzie, w, Loohey St.
18. Dunn, Mrs. Mary, w, Georgia St.
38. Diggins, Gcoi-ge, c. Clay St.
18. D.iuglass, Mattie, c, Elliott St.
20. Dume, Piuil, w. State Female College.
20. Duke, Eddie, w.
20. Dcilan, James, w. Wolf River.
22. Downey, Joseph, w. Union St.
Oct. 22. Dowdv, F. H., w, Raleigh Road.
24. Davis, S. B.
25. Dies, Mrs. Lizzie, vr. Central Ave.
28. Dries, Elizabeth, w, Union St.
28. Dagire, Mr., Pigeon Roost Ro.ad.
28. Davcnpoi t, Pattie, w, Madison St.
Nov. 8. Dickey, (ieorge, e. Clay St.
10. Donnelly, Mary E., wi Concord St.
12. Davis, Maria.
14. Davis, Jtary F., w, Vance St.
21. Davis, S. W.
Aug. 21. Early, John, w.
23. Ewins, Lizzie, c, Selden Building.
25. Elliott. Capt. John D., w, Adams St.
26. Ewinsr. Frank, c. City Hospital.
29. Ellis, Richard, Winchester St.
31. Edmondson, J. H., c.
31. Egan, Thomas, w, 98>^ Front St.
31. Erasmus, Brother, w. Market St.
Sept. 1. Early, W. F., w, 138 Washington St.
1. Eilert, Lizzie, w, Henry Ave.
2. Epplelt, Thomas, w, La.Salette Academy.
3. Ebberhardt, Ellen, w. Union St.
4. Eldridge, Amos, c, City Hospital.
5. Eyke, Mrs. M., w, Maaisou St.
5. Egan, Nancv.
6. Egan, Mrs., w, 466 Main St.
6. Ellen, c. cor. Hawlev iS: .Manassas Sts.
6. Evans, Allen. 106 N." Winchester St.
6. Elliott, Jo.seph IL, w. Secimd St.
6. Edwards, C. W., w, Georgia St.
G. Edmondson (nou of H. B.), w. Gill's Sta-
tion.
7. Evans, Cora, c. Carr Ave.
9. Edmondson, Henry B., w, Gill's Station.
10. Engels, Peter, w, Market St. Infirmary.
10. Edingion, Charley. 40 Causey St.
11. Eyke. Martin, w, Madison St.
11. Eilidtt, Mrs., c, Richmond Ave,
IJ. Egberts, David.
12. Erb, Jolm, w, Hernando St.
12. Elliott, Capt. Wm., w, Jefferson St.
12. Edmondson, Mrs. H. 15., w. Gill's Station.
13. Eislcr, B. A., \v.
13. Erskine. Alice, c. 140 Union St.
13. Elicrt, Louis.
33. Eliert, Fannie, Henry Ave.
13. Elliott, George B., w, Jackson St.
13. Eler, Elizabeth.
13. Earley, Rev. J. T., c, 280 Hernando St.
13. Erb, Philip, w, cor. Hernando & Orleans
Sts.
14. Edmonds, Joe, c, 294 Poplar St.
14. Edington, Gus., vv, 40 Causey St.
35. Erck. Cliris.
15. Euchkins. Eliza, cor. Henry Second Sts.
15. Everheart, Henrv, w. Union St.
36. Edwards, Wm., cor. Elliott & South Sts.
16. Ebler, E., w. Gates' Place.
16. Evans, Melon, w, 9 Winchester St.
10. Eberle, V., w. City Hospital.
16. Earley, Angeline, c, 77 Adams St.
37. Ennis, John, w, Bagley Place.
17. Erskine, Dr. J. H., w, Wellington St.
IS. EeeiTev, D., Citv Hospital.
IS. Epps, Wyatt, Walker St.
IS. Ellis, Jennie, c, Beale St.
18. Edwards, John, w.
20. Edwards, Wm., c, '246 Elliott St.
22. Exom, JelT., c, cor. Safl'erans Fifth Sts.
22. Endsley, Eddie, c. Front St.
25. Erlieh, A., w.
26. Ebler, Virginia, w.
26. Edwards, Mrs. E., Deans Ave.
26. Ellis, J., c, Snnth Alabama St.
29. Edwards, Robert, w, 354 Deans Ave.
30. Ea.slev, Dr. E. S., w, Union St. Hospital.
Oct. 2. Elliott, Annie E., c. South Jackson St.
8. Everett, W. E., w, Rozelle Station.
9. Enwright, Patrick, w, Hernando Road.
9. Edwards, Mrs., w. Main St.
10. Erskine, George, w, Randolph Road.
12. Erick. Albert, w. Market St. Infirmary.
34. Etchevarne, G , w, Horn Lake Road.
14. Enlev, John, w. Country.
36. EganVM. J., w, Elliott St.
24. Erby, W. E., 32 Promenade St.
24. Eddy, w, State Line Road.
25. Escli, Mrs. Emma, \v, Country.
A HISTORY OF THE YPJLLOW FEVKR.
217
Oct. 25. Edmonrlsoii, Jliss Joanna H. w, Pigeon
Itoost Road.
NoVi 4. Ewell, Dr , w, Postcn Ave.
5. Engle, Mrs Mary, w. Fifth St.
Aug. 15. Fuclis, Victor D. Jr. w.
15. Farrar, Willie.
18. Fuchs, Mr.s. S., w, Johnson Ave.
21. Farrow, Mollie, Kocco'.s Alley
21. Farrell, Mary, w. Third St.
23. Forbes, John C, w. City Hospital.
24. Fealey, Mrs. Sirah, \v, .57 Exchange St.
25. Forrester, Tom, w, City Hospital.
25. Froese, R.
26. Farris, E., c, Adams St.
28. Foley, Thomas, w, Memphis & Charleston
K. R.
28. Fifer, William S., w, Riilei-h Road.
28. Foster, T. J., \v, Madison St.
29. Fischer, Mrs. C, w. Main St.
29. Fritz, Lucy E., w, Moseby St.
30. Frank, Sol., w. Poplar St.
30. Fritz, Henry, c, 1.56 Main St.
30. Foley, Annie, 155 Linden St.
30. Fnllerton, Mullie, w, Whitemoro House.
30. Felkins, Eliz i, cor. Fifth & Looney Sts.
30. FuUerton, Ed.
31. Froese, Mrs. Mary, 50 Second St.
31. Friedman, child of, w, lU Commerce St.
.>!. Farrell, Pat., w. City Hospital.
31. Fulierton, Mrs. Catlierine, w, Whitemore
House.
31. Flynii, D. P., vv, 107 Vance St.
Sept. 1. Friedman, Mrs., w. Commerce St.
1. Fieldm in, Mary, 76 North Jackson St.
1. Fritz, John, w, Moseby St.
2. Flaherty, Miss O.. w, Vance St.
2. Fink, Gustave, 147 Main St.
2. Flannngan, M., w, 17 Causey St.
3. Fnllerton, E idle, Whitemore House.
3. Fahs, Lizzie, c, 251 Wasliingtoii St.
3. Franklin, JIary, 13 Commerce St.
3. Friedman, Louis, w, 10 Commerce St.
3. Friedman, Josephine, w, 10 Commerce St.
H. Featlierstone, W. S., w, Springdale Ave.
3. Fowler. Mrs. J. J., w, 137 Moseby St.
4. Flowers, JelT., c, 47 Commerce St.
4. Friedman, Henry, w, 10 Commerce St.
4. Friedman, Lulu," w, 10 Commerce St.
4. Foley, Mary, 13 Commerce St.
4. Field. Cora, c, 173 Madison St.
4. France, Henry L., .39 Poplar St.
4. Fricke, George, Front St.
5. Fricke, Philip G.
5. Fields. Dora, c. 255 Madison St.
5. Fields, lleniy, c, C.tv Hospital.
5. Frank, 104 Linden St.
5. Foley, Bate., Shelby County.
5. Frank. Frank, City Hospital.
6. Flannagan, Katie, w, 17 Causey St.
6. Flack, Jennie, w, 111 Elliott St.
6. Funck, Miss R., w, 83 Front St.
7. Fenwick, Effie L., w. Filth St.
7. Fuller, B. F.
7. Foley, Edward, w. Second St.
7. Franck, Miss, w, 83 Fourth St., Chelsea.
7. Flyiui, Ben., c, cor. Hawley it Dunlap Sts.
7. Finney, Mike, w. City Hospital.
7. Fields (infant of Harry), o, cor. Madison
St. & Marshall Ave.
7. Fahey, Edivard, w, Chelsea St.
8. Frazier, Ruth, c, 82 Pontotoc St.
8. Fisher, Baville, w, 33 Monroe St.
8. Fitch, w.
8. Ford, Willie Lee, w, Yates Lake.
9. Fraviga, Lizzie, w.
9. Ferrin, A., c.
9 Fairchild, w, Tennessee St.
9. Flannagan, Ed., vv, Market St. Infirmary.
9. Fuller, B. F., w.
9. Folk, Amanda, e.
10. Frazier, Rudolph.
10 Franklin. Hattie, Hernando St.
10. Fannie, Hernando St. curve.
10. Flack, Clara, w, HI Elliott St.
10. Flack, Mrs. B , w. 111 Elliott St.
10. Farris, J. B., w. Cooper Place.
10. Fisher, Patrick, w, Linden St.
10. Ferguson, Harry W., \v, Camp Joe Wil-
liams.
Sept. 11. Firth. Robert F., iv, Echols St.
11. Falls, Uachel.c, Vance St.
11. Forem;in, William, w, 271 Rfain St.
11. Flack, W. J., w, 111 Elliott St.
II. Flack, L. B., w, ill Elliott St.
11. Flack, T. J., w, in Elliott St.
11. Ford, Harriet.
11. Fensley, Susie, w, Echols St.
12. Fransiola, Frank, c, Elliott St.
12. Fithian, H. E., w, Alabama St.
12. Fabin, John W., Mark t St. Intirmary.
12. Farrels, Hugh, 436 Main St.
12. Freeman, Henry. 127 Beale St.
12. Francis, E. S., \V, Moseby Ave.
12. Flainiery, Mike, w, City Hospital.
13. Farrell, Nellie, Market' St. Infirmary.
13. Fulsom, Charles, 252 Hernando St.
13. Fliggin, Harvey, c, Brinkley Ave.
13. Feuster, Simon, w.
13. Finlev, Ennis, w, 08 Front St.
13. Fackler, John.
13. Fenwick, Z. M., w. Filth St.
13. Fenwick-. Mrs. L. D., w. Fifth St.
14. Friiister, Ciroline, w.
14. Flael;, Jliss Laura, w. 111 Elliott St.
14. Frazce, Kate, 18 Winchester St.
14. Fanse, V., w. Market St Intirmary.
15. F anklin, Ben.
15. Franklin, FriUik, c, cor. Center Alley &
Commerce St.
15. Foster, E. B., w, Orleans St.
15. Firth, W. S., w.
16. Finster, Jacob, w.
16. Fenwick, Alice A , v. Fifth St.
16. Fisher, J. F., w. Orleans St..
16. Folger, Joe, c. City Hospital.
16. Flynn, Fred. W., w, Louisville & Nash-
ville R. R.
16. For.l, Elizabeth, c, cor. North St. & Ross
Ave.
17. Frarv, Peter, c, cor. Si.xth St. & Broadway.
18. Firth, R. N., w, Echols St.
IS. I'^rederick, E., Union St.
I'.l. FiggerJ, Josepli.
I'.l. Fox, Alf., c, 286 Third St.
P.). Frm.c, c, cor. Main & Georgia Sts.
10. Felton, Fort, c, cor. Broadway & Her-
naniio ,Sts.
20. Fo.ster, Annie, w, cor. Third & Walker Sts.
20. i'^ield, Mrs. Marv, w, Springdale.
20. Fields, Dick, cof. Elliott & South Sts.
21. Fannin, Francis, e, factory lot, Chelsea.
22. Frank, James.
22. Fowler, Jerry, Post-and-Rail Ave.
22. Fav, John.
22. Fields, Ida.
23. Foster, Ida., w, cor. Third St. & Walker
Ave.
23. Firth, Ella, c, Echols St.
24. Forbes. Dr. James A , w. Chambers House.
24. Fenwick, Mrs. S. F., w.
25. Franklin, Ben.
25. Francis (child), w. Church Home.
25. Flynn, w, Elmwood.
25. Forrest, Mrs. C. G., w, Rayburn Ave.
26. Fisher, Charles G , w, Liii<len St.
26. Foster, Clara, w, cor. Walker Ave. and
Third St.
25. Foster, Charles, w, cor. Vt'alker Ave. and
Third St.
27. Ferrett, M. E.. w, 2:1 Echols St.
28. Fleming, Will., c, 37 Allen Ave.
28. Fisher, Weslev, c, Jlouroe St.
29. Foster. William, 280 De Soto St.
29. Farris, Ed , w, ( 'helsca.
29. Fields, Robert, Shelby County.
29. Flvnn, Robert Emmet, w, 10/ Vance St.
29. Fowler, Mrs. D. F.
29. Forney (infant), Citv Hospital.
29. Flynn, Robert Emniet, 107 Vance St.
29. Furbish, E. E.
Oct. 1. Frencli, Martha, c, Greenlaw St.
1. Finnan. Kate, w, Washington St.
2. Franklin, Miles, w, 484 Pontotoc St.
2. Folks, Julia.
2. F.iy, Mrs.
3. Fletcher, Miss Mary, w. Orphan Home.
3. Flynn, Eliza, w, Eimwood.
4. Frances, Sister, w, Church Home.
218
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOAV FEVER.
Oct. 5. Frotl.y, Jlichatl, Raybnni Ave.
5. Julia, i\ Stfw'art .\vr.
6. Kielvliii, Ltmni Vdinr.;, \v. Cooper Ave.
8. Finacy, M., w. cor. Fuui Ui & Divi.sionSts.
10. Fox (eliiici ol Toiiii.
10. Fison, Nu-k. c, E.\chaii;;e St.
12. Farrell, Ellon, w, Union St.
12. Force, i >r. F. H., w,
12. Fisher, R., w, Cl\elsea.
13. Fazzi, L,, w, Second .St.
14. Feesser, Charles, w, (.'ounty Jail.
16. Farrell, Mike, w, 1()2 De Soto St.
18. Fort, Mary E.. w, Slate Female College.
1!S. Finney, Miss \V., \v, Wellington St.
21. Fisher, Dave, c, New Raleigh Road.
21. Fitzoatrick, Marv Eliza, w, Market St.
23. Foy," E. A., w. City llo^llital.
25. Fitzgii:)boii, John, \v. Main St.
27. Falz, Theodore, w, Loui.sville, Ky.
28. Faltz, F.
28. Froman, Wm., w, Spring St.
Nov. 4. Fleming, Miss J., w, Layton Ave.
22. Finn, Lucy, w, Winchester St.
Aug. 14. Goldsmith, Cora, w.
1.5. Goodman, A. H., w, Miiin St.
2-5. Glautzer, Mrs. Mary, w, Third St.
25. Grav, Robert, c.
27. Glan:zer. Wui., w. Third St.
28. Gillen, A. K., w, Shelbv St.
28. Gribe. Ann, c, Allen Ave.
28. Gooding, John, w, City Hospital.
28. Gribe, Anna, c, Allen Ave.
28. Gibbs. George, 3lt Third St.
28. Gusmanny, Jennie, \v, Poplar St.
28. Gummer, Mattie, w. Poplar St.
29. Gray, Eli, c.
29. Grimes, Larry, w, JefTerson St.
29. Gauze, Frank, w.
29. Gilmore. John, w. City Hospital.
29. Glesse, Mary A., w. City Hospital.
29. Gribe, Fred., Allen Ave.
29. Grant, Jennie, 106 Market St.
29. Goss. Frank, 86 Third St.
29. Goslin, Mrs., Poplar St.
29. Grouse, Frank.
29. Goslin, Mary Ann, Poplar St.
29. Gummer, Mr., w. Poplar St.
31. Griffin, William, w, Winchester St.
31. Green, James, c, Uunlap St.
31. Grant, Mrs. L. S , w.
31. Gane, Frank, w
Sept. 1. Garney, Henry, 2.'i0 Poplar St.
1. Grant, George M., v, Poplar.
1. Gummer, Frederick, w, Poplar St.
1. Guriey. Henry, w, 2.50 Poplar St.
1. Gold.smith, Mrs, M., w, Alabama St.
2. Gleason, Archie, w. Main St.
2. Gotchlich, Amelia, w, Winchester St.
2. Gvvvnn, Indiana, c, .36 Winchester St.
2. Gable, Bo., 152 Poplar St.
2. Goodman, L., c, City Hosp'tal.
2. Giirney, Henry, w. Poplar St.
2. Grant, Inez, c, lialeigh Road.
3. Gunderson, Mrs. Andrew.
3. Grant, Lewis, Raleigh Road.
3. Gabers, B., w, 48 Poplar St.
3. Gotchlich, Mrs. M.,w, 161 WinchesterSt.
3. Grant, L. S., cor. Seventh & Auction Sts.
3. Gorman, Simon, 14 Alabama St.
3. Galley, Robert, 152 Poplar St.
3. Galle.v, Auguste, 142 Main St.
3. Green, Ellen, c, Auction St.
3. Grigsby, Mary, c, 1.54 Monroe St.
4. GrifHn, John, w, WinchesterSt.
4. (irant, Robert, w. Auction St.
4. Groves, 88 Hernando St.
4. Gruber, Fred., w, 90 Hernando St.
4. CJrant, Mariraret, w, Seventh St.
4. Greenpnr, Fred,, w, 92 Hernando St.
4. Graham, Mattie, w, Washington St.
5. Guinea, J. L., w. C*ity Hospital.
5. Green. Mrs., w. loot Vance St.
5. Gray, Mrs. w. Poplar St.
5. Grehen, William, w, Berlin Ave.
5. Green. Mrs. Margaret, w, Third St.
5. Gross, J. A., w, 111 Market St.
6. Gradv, Tliomas.
6. Gates", Frank.
6. Gaines, Mrs., w, Manassas St.
r
Sept. 6. Gross, James.
6 Grady, Thomas, w, 309 Poplar St.
6. Givin, R. Ci., w, Randolph Road.
7. Gorman, Joseph, 12 DunlapSt.
7. Goodrich, William, c, 3.i4 Madison St.
7. Garland, Joseph, c. DnnlapSt.
7. Goetz, Leno, w. Main St.
7. Griffin (infant of Tillie), c, Tennessee St.
7. Gray, Anna, c. Lauderdale.
8. Gray, Walker, w. Main St.
8. Garvey, Mary E., \v, JIadison St.
8. Gorman, Patiick, w, City Hospital.
8. Gordon, Missouri, <■, 358 Beale St.
8. Giint, Joseph, Fifth St.
8. Gwinn, Wm.. c, 83 Front St.
8. Griswold, Mrs. C. A., w.
Getchell, .Miss, w, Brinkley Ave.
8. Gay, Lucius, c.
9. Green, Jennie, w, 80 De Soto St.
9. Getchell, Mr., w, cor. Brinkley Ave. and
Rjileigh Road.
9. Getchell, Mrs., w, cor. Brinkley Ave. and
Raleigh Road.
9. Gates. Mrs. Sam., Raleigh Road.
9. Garvey, Bridget, w, Madison St.
9. Gibson, Nathan, w, Wellington St.
9. Gray, W. W.. w. Sycamore St.
9. Gates, Victoria, c.
9. Griswold, C. A., w. Mill St.
10. Green, W. H., c. Auction St.
10. Gleason, Mrs. M. J., w. Main St.
10. Gates, Mrs.S. M., w, Raleigh Road.
10. Granning, Mrs. William, w. Linden St.
10. Gatlin, G. W., Hernando Road.
10. Gummer, John, 448 Poplar St.
10. Gatlin, Johnson, w. Shelby Countv.
10. Gardner, H. E., 260 Hernando St.
10. Ciills, child of Gilbert, Richmond Ave.
10. Going, Col. S. B., w. Main .St.
10. Garagnon, Henry, Greenlaw St.
10. Goodman, Robert, 28 Causey St.
10. Gist, R. C. w, -Market St. Iniirmary.
10. Goodrich, Carrie, c, Avery St.
11. Garv, John W.
11. Gilbert, G., c, Gavoso St.
11. Gardner, H. C. Hernando St.
12. Garrison, Frank, w. Mulberry St.
12. Goenner, Mrs. Clara.
12. Grogan, Edward, w, St. Peter's Cemetery.
12. (iarland, Charles, Dunlap St.
12. Giese, A. D., 10 Beale St.
12. Grant, G. H., Jr. , w. Sixth St.
12. Getta, Asa, 02 Poplar St.
13. Green, Pink.
13. Ciill, Annie, w, 135 Beale St.
13. Gates, Moses, c, cor. Raleigh Road and
Brinkley .\ve.
13. Gates, Aaron, cor. Coffee St. and Horn
Lake Road.
13. Gates, Ripdev, w.
13. Gawray, H. M., w, Madison St.
13. Gertrude, Sister, w, cor.'Thirdand Market
Sts.
14. Griffin. Atistin, w. Market St. Infirmary.
14. Gee, Joseph C.
14. C{riffin, Antonio, w, 78 First St.
15. Graham, Virgil.
15. Grav, Mrs.. \v. Poplar St.
15. Gillen, Friday, c, 66 St. Martin St.
1.5. Gibson, E. W., w, 90 Main St.
1.5. Glancey, Maggie, w. Boulevard.
1.5. CJarrett, Jolm, w, Chelsea.
15. Grove, Ada, c, 18 Butler St.
15. Garner, Fred., c, cor. Fourth and Madison
Sts.
15. Gray, Nervv, c, Georgia St.
17. Gilman, M."
17. Green, Lizzie, w, 79 Front St.
17. Goodrich, David, w, cor. Fourth and Saf-
ferans Sts.
18. Garev, John, w.
18. Green, C, c, Dunlap St.
18. Grant, Claiborne, c, cor. Keel & Sixth Sts.
18. Garden, Robert, 50 Causey St.
IS. Gatlin, Johnson.
18. Gurdici, A.
18. Gatlin, Mrs.
18. Cironev, William, 104 Linden St.
18. Gnegg," J. C, 64 Peyton Ave.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
219
Sept. 18. Gregg, Mrs. .Jennie, 64 Peyton Ave.
18. Goodman. Mrs. D., c, Slielbv St.
1«. Glarkraan, \V. .1., c, Elliott St.
W. Green, Ella, e, 41.j Wellington St.
19. Gable, Sophy, w, 22il Madison St.
19. Green, Joe, e, Dunlap St.
20. Gritlin, John, w. Market St. Infirmary.
20. Galiaher, James.
20. Gay, Ida.
21. Gregg, Miss Sallie, w, Peyton Ave.
21. Glass, Matt. A., w, Trigg Ave.
21. Gorrell, Dr. J. G. O., w, Court St. Infirm' ry.
21. Gordon, John, o. Walker Ave.
22. Grififin, Mr., \v.
22. Gray, Susie, c, Je.ssamine St.
22. Gwyn. Miss M. Eliza, w, Raleigh.
2-1. Gregg^ Willie, 04 Peyton Ave.
24. Griffin, Mary E., o.
24. Gabler, Elizabeth, w. Old Raleigh Road.
24. Gordon, Albert, c, eor. Hernando and
Walker Ave.
25. Gilmore, William, w, Ciiureh Home.
2.5. Grigsby, Samuel, e, 172 Vance St.
26. Gorin, Eugene.
26. Grempe, Charles, w. Market St. Infirmary.
26. Gain, Eugene, w. Market St. Infirmary.
26. Genoke, (Jaroline, w, Poplar St.
26. Garrison, William.
27. Goodman. A., w.
27. Garrett, C, w, Chelsea.
27. Gordon, Millie, e, Hernando St. & Walker
Ave.
27. Gatzen, Eliza, c, cor. W'ehster & De Soto
Sts.
27. Garesehe, Engene, w.
27. Gra,ham, Mrs. Martindale.
28. Gerlack, Franz, Sr., w, Shelby St.
2S. Gerlack, Mary, w, Shelby St.
28. Goebel, Fred., w, Elmwood.
28. Gerlack, Franz, Jr., w, Shelby St.
29. Green, Mamie, w, 1*8 Beale St.
29. Gordon, Annie, Hernando Road.
29. Gath, Janvs B., w, 27 Beale St.
29. Griggs, Nvs.
29. Green, Martin, c, Georgia St.
Oct. 1. Green, Capt. Nat , \v, Gill'.s Station.
1. Green, Mrs. Elizabeth, w. Gill's Station.
1. Gordon, Charlotte, c, cor. Hernando St.
and Walker Ave.
2. Gnmbel, Francis, Buntyn's Station.
2. Gordon, Isaac.
2. Goodwin, child of E. B., w, Chelsea.
4. Grayson, Steve., c, 3 Bntler St.
5. Goodman, George, c. Gas Works.
7. Garvin, Mike, w, City Hospital.
8. Gladden, Alfred, t, Overton Point.
9. Giistave, Fondam, w. City Hospital.
9. Goodwyn, E. B., w, Thomas Ave.
9. Griffin, Mrs. H., c, Tennessee St.
9 Griffin, Charles, c.
10 Galling, Mrs. John.
10. Gossett, Eliza, w, Market St.
12. Gear, Miss Doeia, w, Raleigh Road.
13. Goebel, Theodore, w, Elmwood.
13. Galloway, Mary A., w, Cooper Ave.
13. Goldstein, Fannie, w, Raleigh Road.
16. Gill, Henry, w. Walker Ave.
17. Glass, Mrs. R , w, Trigg Ave.
19. Givers, Lewis, c, 88 Main St.
19. Gillem, child of Lena, c, McLemore Ave.
24. Gregor, Thomas, Elmwood.
25. Garnon, Fred., w, Country.
30. Gift, Sarah J., w, Rozelle Station.
30. Grant, Martha, 106 Market St.
30. Garvin, Sarah.
Nov. 6. Gregory. Isam, e, Huppers Ave.
9. Gnigel, John H., w, Main St.
12. Galloway, INI. E., w, Cooper Ave.
15. Griffin, R. S., w, McLemore Ave.
Aug. 14. Hill, Albert.
16. Hay, infant of Levi.
17. Hendricks, Mrs. F. C.
19. Houns, Ben. B.
20. Hahn, Moses, w, 2 Jackson St.
20. Haskell, Rachel, w, W.) Poplar St.
22. Hooges, William H., w. City Hospital.
22. Hill, E, J,, w, Worsham House.
22, Hnpert, ISI,. w, Poplar St.
22. Helfener, Jerry, w. Exchange St.
Aug. 24. Hill, Mrs, E, J,, w, Worsham House.
24. Haissig, Daniel S,, w.
24. Hall, infant of Lulu, 101 Second St.
22. Haissig. Henry, w.
26, Hiilstead, W. H., w, 487 Pontotoc St.
26, Hollenberg, Mrs. Carrie, w.
26. Harringlon, H. S,, w, 242 Monroe St.
27. Holley, Luke, w, Breedlove Ave.
2(. Holland, R. C, w, City Hospital.
27. Henry, John (;.
27. Hunter, Sallie, Winchester St.
27, Haskell, Benjamin, Louisville, Ky.
28. Haynes, Nannie, w, cor. Exchange and
Third Sts,
28, Hntchins, Thomas A.
28, Hesse, Hester.
2)S. Halliday, A., w. City Hospital.
28. Hall, Janu s, w, Hernando Road.
28. Henery, Henry, c. Second St.
29. Harder, Henry, w. Market St.
29. Herman, Lizzie, w. Hill St.
29. Hewitt, Peter, w, Monroe St.
29. Harris, Jordan, Quinby St.
'29, Hughes, Janus, City Hospital.
29, Htint, Tilila, ;!7 Commerce St.
29. Hanson, William.
29. Hall, John.
29. Hi.ssic, Catherine.
30. Heynum, Howard, w. Poplar St.
31). Heyman, Moriis, w. Poplar St.
30, Hill, George. 60 Third St.
31. Hightower, Daniel, w, 84 Second St.
31. Hesson, Henry, w, 45 Beale St.
31. Hays, Marv, c, 42 Allen Ave.
31. Hill, Austin, c, 60 Third St.
31. Haley, Daniel, w. Main St.
SI. Hackett, Mary, w, Hernando Road.
31. Hudson, James, c.
Sept. 1. Hutchinson, Emma, w. Front St.
1. Hurt, Otto, w, Dunlap St.
1. Houston, Charles, City Hospital.
1. Hall, Esther, c, Orleans St.
1. Hami>ton, Eli, c. 111 C^ouit St.
1. Hendeison, Jim, c, 42 Jackson St.
1. Hendricks, Dennis, South St.
1. Hopkins, c, 22 Main St.
1. Ihudwav, Goodman, 37 Commerce St.
1. Holt, Neil B., w, 359 Poplar St.
1. Hoist, George A., w. Court St.
1, Hnd.son (cliild of John\ c.
1. Hackett, Mary, w.
2. Hvman, Mrs. M., w.
2. Hargan, Mildred.
2. Hill, Tom, c, Monroe St.
2. Hosmar. Chris., w, 108 Vance St.
2. Hicks, George, c. City Hospital.
2. Henderson, Robert, c, 1 Suzette St.
2. Hnber, J. J., w, Robinson St.
2. Hanson, Julia, w, Robinson St.
2. Hopper, James, w, Exchange St.
2. Hightower, Willie, w. Second St.
2. Heidaw (infant of John), cor. Third and
Auction Sts.
2. Harman, Wm, N., w. South Jackson St.
2. Hustin, A.
3. Hardin, Monroe, 18 Washington St.
3. Holmes, Henry, c, 169 Jefferson St,
3. Hite, Henry. 197 Jeft'erson St.
3. Jrlamilton, Charles, w, Charleston Ave.
3. Holmes, Henry, Exposition Building.
3. Hollingsworth, Monroe, c, 86 Washing-
ton St.
3. Hill. Sam., c, 96 Adams St.
3. Hawkins, Florence, c, 11 Turlcy St.
3. Hoo, Lang, 34 Poplar St,
3, Howard, Willis 6 Turley St.
3. Haber, Emily.
3. Hurst, Henry, c, Jefferson St.
3. Houston, Chas., c. City Hospital.
3 Harper, James, w. Exchange St.
4. Healey, Marv Ann, Winchester St.
4. Hodges, Dr. W. R,, w. Fifth St., Chelsea.
4. Harrison, M. J., w, Robinson St.
4, Hohlin, Amelia, w, 172 Alabama St.
4. Hope, John, w, Second St.
5. Hoffman, Jacob, w, Second St.
5. Haggerty, James, w, 73 Railroad Ave.
5. Heins, Augustine, c. South St.
5, Hertz (infant of L.), w. Bull Run.
220
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
Sept. 5. Hanson, M. J., w, Robinson St.
5. Hurnder, .Millie, c, Pontotoc St.
0. Habaroii, 120 Gavoso St.
C. Haggerly, N , Oli'io R. R.
(i. Hunter. Ida, :i2 Ros-i.\ve.
6. Hood, Mis-;, w, ."lO Ross Ave.
6. Hagge, Jolin ('., w, Broadway St.
G. Hannegan, .Toliii, w, IS De Soto St.
C. Hagge . Lewis, w, Broadway St.
C. Hadish, S., w, Chelsea.
0. Hood, Mrs., w, Ross .Ave.
7. Harrington, Mary, w, Bjale St.
7. Hosj, Tliomas, Ro^s ,\ve.
7. Hobsnn, ,Iess',\ e, iV) .Monroe St.
7. Hall. William, e, cor alley i Fifth St.
7. Horn, .\Iag'.;le, w. 2:!3 Main St.
7. Hays, Tobin, 209 Diuilap St.
7. Hays, Gabriel, c, Ross Ave.
8. Hauenbnrg, James, w, 244 Front St.
8 Hnpper, Mrs., vv. Second St.
8. Haggerty, Annie, w. Gill's Station.
8. Horn, Mr.s. Maggie, \v. Union St.
8. Hicks, George, w, Shelby St.
8. Hughes, Mary, GayosD St.
9. Hewitt, Henry.
'.). Hardin, HenrV. w, .")4 Jackson St.
9. Harris, Matt., 4fi Allen Ave.
9. Higgins,Williani,»', Market St. Infirmary.
9. Hall, Rosa, w, cor. Fifth & Broadway Sfs.
9. Ham nerstein, Laura, w,,s3 Second St.
9. Hughes, Miss, w, Dunlap St.
9. Heath, Thos , w.
10. Hood, Thomas B., w, Madison St.
10. Hope, George, w. Commerce St.
10. Holt, Herman, w. Market St. Infirmary.
10. Harris, J., 44 Pontotoc St.
10. Hubert, w. Second St.
10. Hammerson, Pauline, w, S:U Third St.
10. Hyde, John, 19 Hernando St.
10. Hammerstein, Mrs., Greenlaw St.
10. Hicks, Erasmus, 55 Charleston Ave.
10. Harris, Mamie, 02'^ Front St.
10. Humes, A. R., w. Main St.
10. Hoft'niaster, Joanna, Louisville, Ky.
11. Hardv, John, V>5 Union St.
11. Halle'nhead, S. B.
11. Hiekerson, Simon, 252 Elliott St.
11. Hayes, James, w, Market St.
11. Hammerstein, Emilv, w, 8:! Second St.
11. Hunter. Willie, w, 269 Union St.
11. Hurt, Henrv, 2 Tuiley St.
11. Hodges, Mrs. E., w, Lauderdale St.
H. Hunter, George, 2(>:» Union St
11. Hammerstein, Mrs., cor. Mill & Green-
law Sts.
12. Hiekerson, Simon, c, 2-^2 Elliott St.
12. Harris, Willie, w, Gavoso House.
12. Hardv, John, 121 Beale St.
12. Holt, Mrs., w, 417 Main St.
12. Hutchins, R.
12. Hinds, Mrs. Ellen.
12. Hemmerly, John. w.
13. Harris, Ed., c. Poplar St.
13. Hodaes, B. M., w, 41li Lauderdale St.
13. Hardin, Lucv, c, 11 North St.
13. Hudson, William, w, 374 Main St.
13. Hare, Henry, w, 13G Orleans St.
13. Havnes, Richard V., w, 3G4 Union St.
13. Harvev (child), c, 59^ Front St..
13. Hill, William A., Poslen Ave.
14. Hanna, Tisha, c, St. Martin St.
14. Hamilton, J., c, Linden St.
14. Hallam, Sallie, c, Georgia St.
14. Hightower, Francis, w, cor. Third and
Adams Sts
14. Havden, James, w. Market St. Infirmary.
14. Hallam, Mollic, Front St.
14. Hameron, James V., 2.") Vance St.
14. Hitzfield, William, w. 2:!3 Second St.
14. Herman, Ma.v, w, 39 Madison St.
14. Hutchinson, Mrs. Jentiie, 81 Adams St.
14. Holcomb, Mollie, c. Ninth St.
14. Haynes, Richard V., w, 304 Union St.
15. Hampton, C, e.
I, 1. Hope, Mrs. Tim., w.
15. Healey, Pat.
15. Holraau, Harrv, Hernando St.
15. House, Lee, c, 130 Beale St.
15. Hilton, Margaret, 182Rayburn Ave.
Sept. 15. Hall, Georgiana, w, ia5 Betile St.
1.5. Horsley, Nellie, w, Citv Hospital.
IC. Hawlev, Pat., c. South St.
16. Horton. Henrietta, c, Clinton St.
16. Hemnle, Eliza, w. loot of Market St.
16. Henrv, Lulu, w, foot of Auction St.
16. Hewitt, Mike, w, 298 Second St.
16. Hubert. George.
16. Hnlah, William, w, Church Home.
16. Horasley (child of J.)
16. Han is, Jliss Rosa, w, cor. Exchange and
Third St-;.
16. Han.sman, Fred. R., w. Market £t. Infirm-
arv.
16. Hicks, Willie, w.
17. Hinklc, M. W.. w. Walnut St.
17. Hollensbud, C. B.
17. Hitchcock, Thonms.
17. Heath, J. W., w, 82 Fifth St.
17. Hope, Tim., w.
17. Hill, W. P.
17. Hanley, Margaret, w. Walnut St.
17. Hogg, Mrs., w. Fort Pickering.
17 Hogg (child of Mrs.), \v. Fort Pickering.
17. Hinkle, M. W., cor. Georgia cV Walnut Sis.
17. Henderson, Minnie, c. Linden St.
17. Higgins, H C, w. Market St. Infirmary.
17. Haldion, John, 289 Linden St.
17. Hamilton, J. W., w. Front St. Ft. Picker-
ing.
17. Hammock. R. L., w, Madison St.
17. Hoggin. Mrs., c, Alabama St.
17. Hicks, Dr. J. B , w. Court St. Infirmary.
17. Hays. Tim., w, 61 Commerce St.
18. Hardin, Ben., c, cor. Jones Avenue and
North St.
18. Harris, Miss Jesse, 229)^ Second St.
18. Hope, Mrs. Rjiehiicl.
18. Harris, Angeline R.
18. Higgerson. Fannie.
18. Hafron, John, w. Linden St.
18. Hotchkiss, 'I'homas (of Shreveport), Mar-
ket St. Infirmary.
19. Harris, Lewis, cor. Hernando it Elliott
Sts.
19. Heiiison, Mrs., w, 83 Second St.
19. Hammerstein, Julia, 83 Second St.
19. Hicklin, Wm., c, Horn Lake Road.
19. Hellvig, Rudolph. Louisville, Ky.
20 Howard, Henrv. citv lIospitaL
20. Hasten, V., w. city Ibispital.
20. Hays, Thomas, c, 4?s Ross Ave.
20. Horaii, Mary.
20. Hunt, Fannie T., \v, Hernando Rond.
20. Herman, w, Adams St. Stjition-house.
20. Hays, Cynda, », 42 .\llen Ave.
20. Herring', Mary, c. Exchange St.
22. Hogge, John, c, Broadway St.
22. Hammerstein, J., w. Second St.
22. Houston. Alii e.
22. Headey, Dr T. J.,w, Market St. Infirmary.
22. High, "Mansfield, w. Shelby County.
23. Hinds, Jackson, c, Overton St.
23. Horton, W. N.
23. Holtz, T. W.
23. Harris, Adolph.
23. Henderson, Virgey, c, cor. Lane Ave. <t
Ayers St.
23. Haggle, John, w, Broadway St.
24. Horton, C. w. Market St. Infirmary.
24. Hought, G., w, Market St. Infirmary.
24. Harris, c. Poplar St.
24. Horsley, T. T.
25. Hallows, Eveline, w. Pierson Place.
25. Ha'.igerty, J. F., w, Orleans St.
26. Hiuhtower, Lewis, c, cor. Tennessee and
Clay Sts.
26. Hightower, Lewis.
26. Harmon, Capt. Wm.
26. Headey, Mrs. Francis, w, Market St. In-
firmarv.
26. Hoi>lev, "Benton.
26. Hill, Alfred C.
28. Havs, cliild of Mrs., c, 209 Dunlap St.
20. Hunt, Wm. W., w, 4.50 Hernando St.
28. Heidelberg, Louis, Louisville, Ky.
29. Hughes, Christopher, o, cor. Tennessee
and Clay Sts.
29. Hordou, c, 65 Elliott St.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
221
Sept. 29. Haggerty, Annio. w, Orleans St.
29. Higgiiis, Mr., w, Memphis and Little Rock
R. R.
30. Haley, Mrs., w. Father IMatliew Camp.
30. Heraple, Willie, w, Market St.
30. Higgiiis, Albert, e, cor. Vance and Wal-
nut Sts.
Oct. 1. Harrison, James, c, cor. Third and Coffee
Sts., Ft. Pickering.
1. Hollenberg, C. B.,w, Market St Infirm'ry.
1. Highland, Jnc).N.,w, Market St. Infirm'ry.
2. Henderson, \V., c, -130 Linden St.
2. Hickman, E., w, Georgia St.
2. Hatcher, J. S., w. Main St.
2. Hollv, Josepli. w, Mosebv Ave.
3. Hnnt, Ellen V., c, Washington St.
3. Hereford, Harriet, c, Union St.
3. Hyman, William, w. City Hospital.
3. Heomig, I. M., w. Market St. Infirmary.
3. Hill, Lewis, Broadway St.
3. Harris, James, c, cor. Main and Beale Sts.
4. Henricle, J. R., w. Madison St.
4. Harris, Davev, c. Short Third St.
4. Hill. Lewis, c, 38 Jackson St.
4. Hunter, Carl, Shelby Comity.
4. Hewitt, Thomas, w. Maiii St.
5. Howard, Mrs. C. W., w, Posten Ave.
5. Hanlev, Peter, w, Snzelte St.
5. Holt, Jolin A., w, .350 Poplar St.
(i. Harris, Ruth, c. Linden St.
G. Hiukle, L., w, Georgia St.
0. Harrington. A., w, Horn Lake Road.
7. Hanley, Edward, w, Vance St.
7. Hack, 'Miss M., w, Marley Ave.
7. Hawley, Isaac H., w. Market St. Infirm'ry.
7. Hawkins, Mr., w, McLemoro Ave.
8. Holmes, Mari.i, c. Poplar St.
8. Hewitt, Mrs. Jesse, w, Causey St.
8. Hewitt, child otDr., w.
8. Howard, Frank, c, Waldron Ave.
9. Hardeman, Eva, c, near Elmwood.
10. Harvey, W. \V'., w. Camp Joe Williams.
H. Hawkins, A. S., w, Madison St.
11. Hawkins, Pres., c. New Gas Works.
12. Holland, T. P., w, Union St.
12. Holston, Martha, c, Trigg Ave.
14, Hefley, C, w, Wright Ave.
11). HLMHiiger, Otto, w, Breedlove Ave.
17. Ilainer, Mrs., w. It ileigh.
18. Heidel, Robert B., w.
18. Harrington, A., w. Market St.
19. Hollywood, Mrs. J., w. Camp Father Ma-
thew.
10. Hollywood, L.,w,Camp Father Mathew.
21. Henniger, Fred., w, Breedlove Ave.
22. Hellman, Fred., w, Dunlap St.
24. Henniger, Miss A., w, Br.'edlove Ave.
2(i. Harris, Mrs. NL, w. Central Ave.
27. Haynes. W. B.. w, Elliott St.
30. Horn, Mary A., w, Boulevard.
30. Henniger, Rosa, w, Breedlove Ave.
.31. Henderson, infant of Mrs.
31. Hanna, Noah, w. Pigeon Roost Road.
Nov. 1. Hightower, James, w.
4. Hanlev. Mrs. E. P., w, Ruth St.
11. Hug, Peter, w, Jackson St.
12. Henderson, Virginia, c, Walnut St.
21. Hartlege, M'lllie, w, Alabama St.
30. Harris, W. H.
Aug. 12. Isaacs, Mattie L., w.
12. Ivery, Turner, c.
11. Ivery, Turner, cor. Sixth St. & Broadway.
15. Isaacs, E., w.
23. Isaacs, Isaac.
Sept. 7. Irby, Amanda T).. Main St.
7. Ingalls, Dr., w, 430 Jfain St.
12. Irvvin, Lottie, 107 DeSoto St.
12. Irwin, Peter.
13. Irwin, Emma N., \v, Jones Ave.
14. Ida, w, Tiiom.T-s Ave.
17. Ike, Ben., c, De Soto St.
18. Isdell, Carrie.
19. Idley, Jack, c, Huling St.
20. Is.iac, cor. Carolina and Main Sts.
23. Infant child. City Hospital.
Oct. .5. Irving, Mrs. John, w, Poplar St.
Nov. C. Isbell, Daniel, Madison St.
Aug. 12. Jones, Roscr.
12. Jackson, M., City Hospital.
Aug. 12. Johnson, Ben., c , Tnrley St.
12. Jones, Riichael, 158 Poplar St.
14. Johl, Maxcy.
15. Johl, Henrich.
15. Jenkins, Mrs. E.
18. Jones, Daniel, c, Robinson St.
21. Johnson, Henry, c, 9>^ Johnson Ave.
'23. Johnson, William, c, cor. Alabama and
Qninby Sts.
24. Johnson," Henry, c, City Ilospit.al.
24. Jones, (.'atherine, c, Worsham House.
'25. Jones, Caroline <'., \v.
'2(1. Jones, I. II., '242 Monroe St.
20. Johl, w, Commerce St.
20. Jackson, Colden, w, City Hospital.
27. Johnson, Cyrus, w, Poplar St.
27. Johl, Mrs Z., w. Commerce St.
'28. Jones, .\nili'rMin, c. Poplar St.
28. Jenkins, Williiim, w, 17 Second St.
'28. Johnson, Nannie, Cane Creek, Shelby Co.
28. Joslin, Mrs., 170 Poplar St.
30. Joyce, Patrick, w, Washington St.
30. Johnson, Ed., 37 Commerce St.
30. Jones, Robert, '2'22 Monroe St.
,30. Jacobs, Joe., 39 Front St.
30. James, Robert. '242 Monroe St.
30. John, nliax Chicago John, alley, between
Main and Front Sts.
.30. Johnson. Maria, c, St. Martin St.
31. Jones, Liltleton, c. Market St.
31. Jacksfjn. Minerva, c, 313 Union St.
31. .Iiincs, Mollie, c, U Jackson St.
Sept. 1. Johnson, Mattie. 39 Adams St.
1. Jack.son, R. J., w, r26 Johnson Ave.
2. Jackson. Mrs., Raleigh Road.
2. Jepson, Sarah, 18 Winchester St.
3. Jackson, James, c, cor. Front and Syca-
more Sts.
3. Jf)hnson, jNfarv, c, 71 Front St.
3. Jones, Mrs., 33 Third St.
3. Jones, Monroe, c, Huling St.
3. Johnson, Mary Jane, Jackson St.
3. Jackson, Anderson, c, 17 Poplar St.
3. Jones, Lavina, c, cor. Concord and Second
Sts.
3. Jackson, Anderson, 17 Poplar St.
3. Jessen. Jerrold, c, Winchester St.
3. Jackson, Mary, e.
4. Jerome, Mrs. K. L., "w, Worsham House.
4. Jacobs, Roberta, c. South Jackson St.
Jones, Albert, c, 32>2 Causey St.
■5. Johnson, Annie, c. Commerce St.
0. Jones, Manda, 21G Front St.
0. Jones, Henry A.. 210 Front St.
0. Johnson. Henry, c. Second St.
(i. Jones, Nellie, c, 02 Promenade St.
0. Jefferson, Louis, c.
fi. Josepha, Sister, w. La Salette Academy.
7. Jeiniy, F. W., w, Beale St.
7. James, Alice J., w, Georgia St.
7. Jdcte, Joseph, 800 Main St.
7. Jacobs, Dennis, c, 182 Georgia St., Ft.
Pickering.
7. Joyce, Jennie, 110 Gayoso St.
7. Junkerman, Mr.
8 Johnson, Gus.
8. Jones, Monroe, De Soto St. Engine House.
8. Judah, Charles, w. City Hospital.
8. Jackson, Robt. L.
8. Jeffrey, Amanda, w.
9. Janes, Eddie.
9. Jobe, Jacob, c.
9. Jenkins, Henry, c.
10. Jones, Charles, c. Union St.
10. Johnson, Edward, w, Market St Infirmary.
1(1. Jones, Charles, c, 344 Union St.
10. Jackson, Mrs., w. Sycamore St.
10. Jackson, Andrew, c, foot of JlcCall St.
10. Jones, John, cor. .lack.son & Seventh Sts.
10. Jones, C, c, 192 Robinson St.
10. Jackson, H., c, 8 Lauderdale St.
11. Jones, John, Monroe St.
11. Jones, Matilda, c, Monroe St., extended.
11. Jones, Lena. 192 Robinson SI.
11. Johnson, William, c. HI Wincliesler St.
n. Jackson, Phil., c. city Hospital.
12. Johnson, Ben., '2.57 Wasliington St.
13. Jones, Hailey, 47 Main St.
13. Jolmson, John,w, cor. Second A Keel Sts.
222
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER,
Sept. 13. Joiics, Melcssa, \v, Jackson St.
13. Johnson, Edward, o, ]9S Elliott St.
13. James, Tucker, e, Broadway.
13. Jackson, Sol., c, De Soto St.
13. Jessie, c, cor. Adams and Manassas Sts.
13. Jackson, Al., c, De Soto St.
14 Joiner, Parker, c.
14. Jone.s, Richard, c, 65 Elliott St.
14. Johnson, Sallie, c, 89 Market St.
14. Jndge, Theodore, w, 18 Exchange St.
14. Johnson, Annie N., w.
14. Johnson, Sallie, c, cor. Madison and De
Soto Sts.
15. Jackson, John, c, Short Third St.
1.5. Jacobi, J. C, w.
1.5. Jarvis, w, Court St.
10, Joiner, Mary, c.
Ki. Johnson, Virginia, c, 75 Pontotoc St.
17. Johl, Mamie, cor. Seventh ct Jackson Sts.
17. Johnson, Tom, w, 44 Causey St.
17. Johnson, Annie, c, De Soto St.
17. Jones, George, c, Spring St.
17. Jenning-i, Matthew, w. Church Home.
1,S. Johl, Mr>. Mary. w.
IS. Jolnison, Mrs. M., w, 245 Saflerans St.
18. Johnson, Eliza, c, Broadway.
IS. Jones, Walter, c. Bluff.
IS. Jennie, c, 02 Madison St.
18. Jackson, Lou., c, Marlin Ave.
18. Johnson, Courtney.
19 Jukes, W. C, c, 129 Cansev St.
19. Jones, Robert N., P^rleigh Road.
19. Jones, Mrs. H., c, Court St.
20. Jordan, Henry, c, Echols St.
20. Joiner,Calvin,cor.Alabama& Seventh Sts.
20. Jones, Daisy, w, cor. Georgia & Fourth Sts.
20. Johnson, Fred., c, Tennessee Railroad.
20. Joiner, Calvin, e, cor. Safferans and
Seventh Sts.
22. Jackson, John, c, Third St.
22. .Johnson, Edmund, w, 245 Safferans Sts.
22. Jackson (childi, c, Central Point.
22. Jackson, Mrs.,w, cor.Third & Jackson Sts.
23. Jones, Alfred, c.cor.Linden it Walnut Sts.
23. Jones, Bettio, c.cor. Tennessee & Clay Sts.
21. Jones, Miss M.
25. Jefferson, Miss P>., c, Poplar St.
25. Johnson, Mrs., w, Orleans St.
■ 25. Jackson, Clara, c, Carolina St.
25. Johnson(child of .Jennie), c,915 GeorgiaSt.
25. Josephine, c, Second St.
25 Johnson, Mrs. F., c. Spring St.
20. Johnson, J., Jr.
20. Jones, John, w. City Hospital.
27. Jones, Calvin, c, cor. Main and Mill Sts.
27. Johnson, Caroline, c, 139 GeorgiaSt.
27. Jackson, Sarah, c, Waldron Ave.
27. Johnson, Jennie, 915 Georgia St.
27. Jones (child).
28. Jackson, George.
28. Jones, Hannah, w. Fourth & Georgia Sts.
28. Jamieson, Wm., w, Hernando Road.
29. Jefferson, Thomas, c, cor. Linden and
Hernando Sts.
30. Johnson, Charles.
30. Johnson, Handy, c. Mill St.
SO. Johl, Edward, w, Brinkley Ave.
Oct. 1. Johnson (Oliild of Lizzie), 13 Market St.
1. Johnson, Charles, w, Hernando St.
2. Jones, Eliza, c, Chapin Ave.
2. Johnson, Sarah, c, foot of Beale St.
2. Jackson (infant of Julia), Carolina and
Second Sts.
2. Joanna, w, 67 .Jefferson St.
2. Jolinson, Robert, c. City Hospital.
2. Jackson, Ella, c, Carolina St.
3. Jones, Mary E.
5. Jobe, S. M., w. Court St.
5. Johnson, Sidney, c, Hernando St.
5. Jones, Preston, c. Walnut St.
6. Jones, Susiin,c,cor. Jackson & Allen Ave.
6. Jones, Lewis, c. Third St.
G. Jones, H., c. Union St.
6. Jackson. A., c, Wnlker Ave.
7. Jones, Clara, c, Shelby County.
8. Johnson, T. N., w, Hernando" Road.
8. Johnson, J. S., w. Poplar St.
9. Jacobs, Mrs. J. C, w, Memphis and
Charleston Railroad.
Oct. 9. Johnson (child of Pierce).
9. Jake, south gate, Eimwood.
9. Jacobi, J. C, w, Memphis and Charleston
Railroad.
10. Jones, John, w. Union St.
10. John, c, 42 Second St.
lu. Jon_es, Frank, c, 70 Auction St.
11. Joli'nson, Henry, c, Carr Ave.
12. Johnson, Miss, w, foot of Market St.
12. Johnson, Cora L., w. Market St.
14. Just, M. B., w, Gill'sStatiou.
10. Jones, w.
30. Jones. Irene, c.
31. Johnson. Fayette.
Nov. 2. Jones, Daniel, w, Moseby Ave.
3. Jones, J. C, w. Fourth St.
4. Jackson, Cora, c, Madison St.
Dec. 10. Joyiier, ^\'illiam, w, cor. Alabama St. and
Jones Ave.
Aug. 12. Kearns, John W.
12. Kinney, M. W., w, Adams St.
14. Knhn, Aithur.
17. Ketlerman, C. F.
18. Kelley, James, 22 Alabama St.
19. Klostermeyer, Bertha, \v.
20. Kearns, Mrs., 83 Winchester St.
21. Kounds, B. B., w, 179 Second St.
25. Kleiner, John R., w.
26. Kleiner, John.
26. Klaffki, Andrew, w.
26. Klein, John, w. North Court St.
27. Kesillen, A.,w, Shelby St.
28. Kealhotler, George, w. North Court St.
28. Kirkland, Harry, w, Monroe St.
28. Keary, James C., w, Bradford St.
30. Kelly, John, w.
31. Kennerly, Martin, w. City Hospital.
31. Kallaher, C, w. City Hospital.
31. Kearn, Arthur, w, Washington St.
31. Kallaher, -Sarah, w, Jefferson St.
31. Kleiner, Joseph, w, Jefferson St.
Sept. 1. Kinston, Auguste.
1. Keiston, Thomas, 40 Exchange St.
1. Knight, Anna, 59 Moseby Ave.
1. Kelley, Jennie, c. Second St."
1. Kershaw, Thos., Exchange St.
1. Krutcher, Chas., c.
2. Kohler, Amelia, 172 Alaba7iia St.
2. Kaufman (infant), w, C:ty Hospital.
2. Knight, Mrs., 49 Second St.
2. Kctler, B. F.. 147 Madison St.
2. Kaufman, Louis.
2. Keeley, Annie.
2. Kelley, Hugh.
3. Keef, Annie, w.
4. Keef, w. Causey St.
4. Knight, Andv, c, 69 Second St.
5. Kadish, S., w.
5. Keyer, Martin J., w.
5. Kennedy, Mrs., w, cor. Mill & Third Sts.
5. Keff, R.,"48 Front St.
5. Knox, Florence, w, Jefferson St.
6. Kallaher, Mike, w, Market St. Infirmary.
6. Kadish, Mrs., w.
6. Keyer, M. J., w, Monroe St.
7. Kernell, Mamie E.
7. Kassava, Adolph,w, Market SI. Infirmary.
7. Kearney, Martin, w, 18 Market St.
7. KenzU r, Louis, w, Jefferson St.
7. Keefaber, A. W., w. Market St.
8. Kearns, Frank.
8. Kraft, P., 148 Washington St. .
8. Kelley, Michael, w, Ross Ave.
8. Kipper, Morris S., 82 Greenlaw St.
8. Kifferel, Joseph, cor. Poplar & Manassas
Sts.
8. Kearns, Henrv, 35 Main St.
8. Kellev, Lucv, 95 De Soto St.
8. Kernell, Lizzie, c, 26 St. Martin St.
8. Kelly, Luckaby, w.
9. Kauffinan. Henry.
9. Kerr. A. W.
9. Kautrman, Henry.
9. Kallaher, John, w, Jefferson St.
9. Kenney, Mr., w, Walker Ave.
9. Kite, Mrs., c, 22 Allen Ave.
9 Koser, James, Shelby County.
9. Kerr, J. M., w, Madison St.
10. Kilpatrick, L.
A HISTORY OF
THE YELLOW FF.VKR.
223
Sept. 10. Kclley, .T.me.
10 Kohlieldt, Irwin, w, Poplar St.
JO. Kilpatrick, L., l; ToU-Kiite.
10. Kelley, George, c. County Jail.
K). Kitchens, H., c, 04 Pontotoc St.
10. Kofibril, Wollie, cor. Poplar & Manassas
.Sts.
10. Kflley, Mrs. Ilannali.
11. Kailisli.
11. Kiuiipf, William.
11. Koch, Willlaiii, .Jr., w, 170 Bonth St,
11. Kinilal, Katie, W, 15'.l .Second .St.
12. Kiihii, Paul vv. Market .St. Infirmary.
12. Kumpf, .Matilda.
12. Kester, Susie, w. City IIo.spital.
13. Klearheart. John, w[ SheU)y County.
13. Kind, Bridget, w. Vance St.
13. King, Lewis, c, City Hospital.
13. Kelher, John, Hernando St.
13, Keeley, Cornelius, c, cor. Front & Jack-
son Sts.
14. Kennedy, Miss.
14. Kates, John S., c, cor. Linden & Shelby
Sts.
15. Knowlton, L. S., w. South Alabama St.
1. "). Kelley, Tillie, Old Ilcn Islanil.
10. Kilbourne, Henry, w, 77 Bcalo St.
10. Kimiey, James, w, City Hospital.
10. Keyser, A., w, Butler St.
17. Kamera, Louis, w, Brinkley Ave.
17. Kirwin, Davie, w. Union St.
17. Kinos, Joseph, Shelby County.
17. Kriiin, John, Madison St., extended.
18. Kennedy, \V. A., State Female College.
2J. Kane, John, w, Poplar St.
24. Kantieldt, E , Poplar St.
24. Kantieldt, Kphraim.
24. Kerchner Alice, w. Clay St.
2.5. Kircheval, E,, w. Spring St.
2. x Kinney, Jolm M., w, ('arolina St.
20. Kclley, F., c, cor. U.une.s tt First St.s.
20. Krhni, Jlrs. J.
20. Kim, Louis.
27. Kautmau, Charles, w, Leath Orphan Asy-
lum.
28. Kaufman, Samuel, w.
30. Kendall, Peter, w, Carolina St.
Oc't. 1. King, H. S., w, Masuolia Block.
3. Koch, William, w, 170 South St.
3. Kathascna, Emma, w, Hernando Road.
3. Kerr, Wm,, w, Moseliy Ave.
3. Kendall, Roliert, w, liandolph Road.
3. King, Margaret, w, *ii'<irgia St.
8. Klarutz, John, w, Market '^t. Infirmary.
8. Koeidg, J. M., w, Jlarkct St. Iidirmary.
4. Kerr, .Mrs. J. H., \v, Moseliy Ave.
4. Kotford, Thoma-s, w, Raleigli Road.
5. Kraus, William, w, Horn Lake Road.
6. Kimball, Ida, c, Carolina Sf.
6. Kulsch, Theodore, w. Ft. Pickering.
8. Kutseli, Katie, \v, Ft. Pickering.
8. Kerr, JloUie, w, Moseby Ave.
8. Kerr, John, w Moseby Ave.
9. Knox, Miss Charlotte, w, Brerdlove Ave.
9. Krause, Carhitla, w, Lewis Ave.
10. Knev, Charlotic, \v.
10. Kincaid, Emma, c, Butler St.
10. Kane, James, w. Market St. Infirmary.
12. Kinman, Thomius, w, Raleigli Road."
12. Kerr, Charles, w, 87 Moseby Ave.
14. Kelley, James, w, Shelby ('ounty.
I 14. Kraus, Mi-s. B., w, Vance St.
10. Kaufman, Mi's. L., w, Trigg Ave.
10. Kennedy, Florence, w, State Fc male Col-
lege.
16. Kamera, Miss E., M , Olympic Park.
17. Kraus, George, w, Vance St.
18. Keating, Dr. M. T., w, Peabody Hotel.
18. Kerger, Mrs R., w, Broadway St.
18. Kutsch, (ieorge, w. Walker Ave.
23. Kutsch, John, w, Walker Ava.
23. Kraus, Jacob, w. Vance St.
Nov. 2. Kilpatrick, c, City Hosp'tal.
6. Keating, Miss Katie, w, Elliott St.
7. Kirk, Sam., w. Elliott St.
Aug. 14. Lusher, Charlie, w, Madison St.
* 1."). Lowenhardt, Wm.
10. Lowenhardt, Mrs. Katie, ICS Poplar St.
17. Lavegnii, Frank, w.
15
Aug, 17. Lnniligan, Richard, w.
17. Lang, Miss Augusta, w.
17. Latcli, Mrss Louisa, w.
17. Latch, Mi.ss Amelia, w.
21, Levaris, Fannie, w, li'tS Poplar St,
21. Lochmeyer, Wm., City Hospital.
21. Large, Jack, w.
22. Lochmeyer, A., 9 Washineton St.
2.'). Lemon, Nellie J., w, 4.iO Poplar St.
20. Lester, Mollie, 20 Winchester St.
20. Lynch, Mrs. Mary, 12 Alabama St.
20, Lynch, Mary, w, 12 Adams St.
27. Latsch, John, w, Robin.son St.
21. Louis, Louisa, w. Main St
27. Lohmaii, Katie, w. South .\labamaSt.
28. Lee, James, \v, 97 Commerce St.
28. Lee, Bennie, cor. Jai kson<S: Front Sts.
28. Livingston, Henry, w. Poplar St.
29. Livingston, Fannie.
29. Lntz, Jacob, Sr., w, Winchester St.
29. Lynch, Jlrs., w, 08 Commerce St.
29. Lannagan, Maggie, City Hospital.
29. I^yiich, James, 12 Alabama St.
30. Louis, F. W., w, 187 Main St.
80. Lavallen, Catherine, w, 4 High St.
30. Lowe, Esther, c. Fifth St.
30. Lasalle, Mrs., w. 111 Poplar St.
.30. Lemon, Tom, JeHerson St.
30. Lucas, Robert, c.
30. Lemon, George W., w. Poplar St.
80. Lnlkcnie, Joseph.
31. Lntz, Jacob, w, Winchester St.
31. Le Guerre, Julia H., w, Waslnngton St.
31. Logan, Catherine, w, Linden St. •
31. Liiidsay, Charles, c. City Mosjiital.
31. Loranz^ L. M., w. City Hospital.
31. Lemoy, Alexander, c, Ml Washington St
31. Luster, Bettie, e, Pontotoc St.
Sept. 1. Lynd, Mike, 78 Commerce St.
1. Lacey, .Mrs. C.. w, Chel.sea.
1. Lihnbenner, Gus., G18 Shelby St.
1. Loranz, James.
1. Lynch, Mike, w. Commerce St.
1. Lytus, Dick, c.
2. Lynch, James, \v, 3 North Jackson St.
2. Lindliilen, Gus., w, 518 Shelby St.
2. Lane, H. B., w. City Hospital.
2. Lindsay, Charles, w. City Hospital.
2. Lnnighiim, Bridget, City Hospital.
2. Lindsay, Belle, w, Hernando St.
2. Looney, R. H. A., w, Adams St.
3. Locke,' Robert, 170 Vance St.
3. Liitt, Rol.iert, 1.10 rni(aiSt.
3. Lowell, Carrie, c, Madison St.
4. Littig, Willie, w, Chelsea.
4. Le Guerre, .lulia E., w, Washington St.
r>. Latherty, Kate, w, camp, Shelby County.
!). Lohman, George, cor. South Alabama
and Second Sts.
5. Lohman, Mrs., w, Alabama St.
5 Le Fiaui'e, Henry, 39 Poplar St.
5. Lehman, Leo, w,' South Alabama St.
6. Lee, Bennett, c, cor. Sveamore ifc Chelsea
Sts.
C. Lohman, Ida, 982 Alabama St.
C. Leary. .Mrs. Joanna, w, Secoud St.
0. Loop, Annie, w. Ladies' Mission.
7. Look, Err, w, Adams St.
7. Letcher, Fannie, 31 Ruth St.
S. l.averson, Mrs. C . w, Jackson St.
8 Lastin, Miss A., w. Auction St.
8. Lilly, W., c.
9. Loci), Jacnli, w.
9. Lindev, Miles, c, cor. Vance & Tennessee
Sts. ■
9. Locffle. Charley, w, 63 Causey St.
9. Langster, Lucnis, cor.Echols it Vance Sts.
10. Love, Xhce, w, South St.
10. Laniiegan, Morris, c. 3 Overton St
10. Lane, (Jeorge, w, Korth Court St
11. Leopold, Isaac.
11. Lieben, Edward.
11. Laws, L.,c, cor. Manassas & Robinson Sts.
11. I. indsav,W.T.,w, cor Walnut &. Vance Sts.
11. Lamb, L., 30 St Paul St
11 I.cgorini, Lewis, w, Beale St.
12. Ling, Lucy, w. Market St. Infirmary.
12. Lirch, Mrs". Rosini, v, Shelby St
12. Lovely, Eveline, c.
224
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOAV' FEVER.
fccpt. 12. Landriim, Herbert S.. 'Wellington St.
12. Lacey, A. T.,\v, cur. l iltli i Greenlaw Sts.
12. Long, A., c, Seeouil St.
13. Lane, Jesse, c, 2 0 South St.
Leverre, Mrs. 11. S.. c, Washington St.
13. Larkin, liau., ; liradforil St.
14. Lego, Cliarlrs, w, 313 Union St.
It. Lewis, Joliii, e, cor. Seventh St. and
Walker Ave.
l-l. Lnnily, Tom, c, cor. Seventh & Alabama
1 1 1/ a, lii rry, e, HnmholcU Park.
It. 1. me, Irai c, De Soto St.
II. lauas, JI. A.
14. Lindner, Lizzie, w, Henry Ave.
1.1. Leman, William, w. Sycamore St.
1.'). Lay, John, w, City Ho'spital.
].=.. Lu'nn, Mis.s Reno, w, Vanee St.
1.'). Lonsdale, .L G., Jr., \v, BcUeview Ave.
l."). Lyons, Larry, ICG Gayo.so St.
Vk Linn, Ro.sa, w.
1. '). La.sse, Mrs., w.
Ifi. Lidwell, V. M.
Hi, Linsey. Jark.
III, Lieben, Miss Amelia, w, 217 De Soto St.
US. Lnnn, Thomas, w, Vanee St.
3(1. Lnnn, Phil. H., w, Vance St.
36. Lunn, William, Jr., w, Vance St.
3i;, Liir, J. N., w, St, Martin St.
37. Lnnster, Fred., w, 17 Causey St.
17 LliiUhause, Jacob.
37, Larry, J. N.
37. Leatli, Hamilton, \v, Manassas St.
3«. Lee. Charles, w.
3><. L wis, Thomas. Pontotoc St.
3s. LdclUe, E.. w, id Alabama St.
3'.i. L )Ve, Buddy, w, north gate, Elmwood.
1'.). Love, Kobert, w, Elmwood.
311, Lyons, Lizzie, Brinkley Ave.
39. I,ove, Charley, w, Hernando & South Sts.
3'J. Lane, Adolphus, w, De Soto St.
20. Lynch, Bernard, Third St.
20. Liicarani, J. F., w.
20. Ix'rtura, Miss Louise, w, Boulevard.
20. Lons lale, Jlrs.J. G., Sr.,w, Belleview Ave.
20. Littlejohn, Lewis, w. Linden St.
20. Latham, Tillie, c, Rayburn Ave.
21. Linsey, Joseph, c, Manassas St.
21. Love," Annie, c, 237 Monroe St.
21. Lontield, Mrs. W. \V.
21. L iwton, R. H., Louisville, Kv.
21. Lewellyn, J. C, c. Walker Ave.
23. Lewis, John, w. Second St.
23. Lewis, Noel, c, 9S Pontotoc St.
2. ). Lyman, H. J., w, Beale St.
2."). Landrnni, George, \v, Rayburn Ave.
2.'). Lawson, Fred., c, 70 Causey St.
21'). Lonsfoid, Jno. T.
20. Love, Rosa, w, cor. Jackson and Fifth Sts.
26. Lewis, Mary, c, cor. Walker & Seventh Sts.
20. Latson, B., c. Bond's building, Ft. Piek-
oriug.
27. Lonsl'ord (child of Jno. T.).
27. Lewellyn, Mary, c, Hernando Road.
20. Leach, John, w. Market St. Infirmary.
20. Luetke, Lewis, w, B.oadway.
29. Layden, Margaret, w. Front St.
30. Leman, Henry, w, 7 Sycamore St.
30. Langford, C. R., w, Madison St.
30. Jjano, Ed.
Oct. 1. Lonsdale, John G . Sr., w, Shelby St
2. Lanham, E. W.. w, Chelsea.
2. Locke, Susie, c, Si.xthSt.
2. Luala, West, ."wS Main St.
2. Locke, Phajbe, c, Sixth St.
3. Lndy, Mrs.
3. Ludy, Lewis.
3. r.ynch, Amelia, w, Washington St.
3. Lewis, Henry, c, City Hospital.
3. Locke, Phoebe, cor. Si.xth i Jackson Sts.
3. Lake, Peter, c, Webster St.
4. Loranz, Sister, w, St. Peter's Orphan
Asylum.
4. Lake, Miss Flora, w. Walnut St.
4. Lolinski, L , w. Market St. Infirmarv.
ry. Lee, Susan, e, 4S Sixth St.
.'i. Lane, Crawford, c, Broadway St.
.'■>. Lewis, Mason, c. Marlev St.
(i. Lake, Wm. IL, w. Waln'ut St.
Oct. f). Lahadic, Mrs., v.-, Horn Lake Road.
G. Lehman, Willie, w, cor. Front & Sycamore
Sts.
G. L'Hommc, Leon P., w, Market St. In-
firmary.
7. Lightmore, Pope, c. South Jackson St.
7. Leon, Market St. Infirmarv.
7. Lake, Robert, \v. Walnut St.
7. Lowery, Dr. James, w, Georgia St.
7. Ludlow, F. W., w, JIarket >t. Intirmary.
8. Lavaza, Emma, Shelby County.
8. Lamb, EtUvard, w, Overton Point.
8. Labe.sque, "Mr.s. J. M,,w,Horn Lake Read.
8. Lawliorn. Jac k, c, Carolina St.
!). Lindenlinr.u', ('has., w.
9, Lnpkin, w. Walnut St.
30. Lany, Louisa, c, Country.
30. Lewis, George, c, 430 Hernando St.
10. Labrella, JIajor, w, Anderson Ave.
11. Lee, Tish. c, Overton Point.
11. Love, Richard, c, St. Martin St.
11. Lane, Richard, c, Elliott St.
14. Lamb, Annie, \v, Citv Hospital.
14. Lucas. Miss Lou,, c. College St.
14. Lippolil, Wiley, w, Washington St.
3."i. Lvibiu;!, John, w. Front St.
3.'i. Lewis, Clara, c. cor. Jackson & La Rose Sts.
35. Liudenburg, Mrs. Annie, W, S. E. cor.
Elm Wood.
18. Lonsford (child of W. W'.). w. Gas Works.
21. Lillie, Joe, c, 200 Gayoso St.
21. Lawrence, Jennie, ^v. City Hospital.
21. Lake, Daniel, w, Jackson'.St.
23. Lewis, Adeline, w. Walker .\ve.
23. Lindon, Charles. \v, Elmwood.
2.'). Lawrence, C, w, Richmond Ave.
2\ Lott, c.
2.1. Lehman, Y., w, Raleigh.
20. Lucas, William, w. Boulevard.
27. Lagoria, A., w. Country.
2.S. Lee, Bettie, c, County .iail.
29. Leydon, Margaret, Ci Front St.
Nov. 3. Lonsdale, W. J. B., w, Dunlap St.
4. Lehman (infant of Y.).
11. Levy, Ephraim.
l-'i. Loop, E. Rush, w, Mana.ssas St.
1«. Lntz, Mrs. S. E-, w. Exchange St.
Aug. 12. Mitchell, George, c.
12. McConnell. James, w, 448 Poplar St.
12. :\[rCombs, R. H.
13. Jlonnegan, M. E., w, Alabama St.
l:;. .Miller, .lohn H., w, Adams St.
1.5. Jliller, Ida G.
l(i. Macbeth, Mabel.
17. Miller, Irwin.
17 >rcGregor, 102}^ Poplar St.
17. Meyers, Adolpll, cor. Main and Washing-
ton Sts.
17. McMahon. Joseph, w. Commerce St.
19 Metcalf, Sam., w, Chelsea.
2(1. Mason, Philip, Johnson Ave.
20. Mi-Mahon. Mis. Ann, w. Alabama St.
22. .Madison. .lolin. w, Cilv Hospital.
22 .Morgan. Henry, w, 05 De Solo St.
23 j\leti-alf, Emmons, w, Shelby County.
25, >IcKeiina, Mr., w. City Hospital.
25. Mitchell, R. W., o.
20. JIurphy, Frank, w. Commerce St.
20. Malone, Robert, Monroe St.
20. Miller, R. B., w, Fffth St.,
2('>. JlrKeon. James, w, Poplar St.
27. Mac, Pat., w, Citv Hospital.
27. Mitchell, S., c, Ci'ty Hospital.
27. McCall, Henrv. cof. Walnut and Pontotoc
Sts.
27. Mitchell, Charley, 155 Jtain St.
27. Jliller, Joe. w, Cily Hospital.
27. McKinii, Mrs. JIary, w. Poplar St.
2/. Morris, Mrs. Alice,"w, Poplar St.
27. McKinn, Raleigh.
27. Melvin, Robert, Monroe .St.
28. Jlcllvaine, Mrs. Marv, Brinkley -Vve.
28. Muller, Albert, w, PciplarSt.
28. Miller, S. B.. w, Alabama St.
28. MofTat, John.
28. McGivenoy, Thomas, w. Carroll Ave.
2S. >Ionl'j;omery. Wm., w. Exchange St. t
2s, Michaels. Gus., w. City Hospital.
2S. Morris, James, w, 144 Moseby Ave.
A HISTORY OF TIIF, YEI^LOW FEVER.
Aug. 28. Jlatrinus, Anetta, w. Marlcct Square.
28. Malone, Jcsie, c, Monroe St.
28. MoKaiii, Mrs. John. 3.') .lolmson Ave.
28. Many, James, Louisville, Ky.
29. JlcIC'.-iin, KiG Wasliiiigtoa St."
2'.l. Martli.i, City Hospital.
2.1. Marv Ann, foot of Exchange St.
29. Morse, David, Alabama St.
29. Morris, James, 144 Moseby Ave.
29. ^[orcill, cliilii, alley, between Main and
Front Sts.
29. Miller, An^nste, w, Ilupert St.
29. Meiiarvey, John R., \v, St. Peter's Orphan
Asylum
29. jrineV, T. F., \v. Central .-Vve.
30. iMcK.iv, C itheriiie, Poplar St.
30. Miller, Mrs. S. B.
30. McMillan, Mrs. JI., w, Winchester St.
30. Jliirphy, f)lissa, w. Front St.
30. Melton, Thomas, 173 Jelt'erson St.
31. Jta^ee, Snsan, c, Elliott St.
31. Mevers, Adolph, w, Washington St.
31. Moore. W. \V., w. Second St
31. McConley, Jami'S B., w, Hernando St.
31. JIanly, Ma.^gie Ellen, w, Winchester St.
31. .McWiliiams, C, w, County Jail.
Sept. 1. ]\Iacklin, A.
1. Mansford, E. J., w. Second St.
1. Jlon^an, Walter, w. Johnson Ave.
1. Jlerritt, George R., w, Orleans St.
1. Jliller, J. W., w, Marshall Ave.
1. McElrov, W. N., \v. Second St,
1. Morrill, R. R., vv, 43 Poplar St.
1. .Malone, Mike, vv, 79!-^ Concord St.
1. McDonald, Mrs., w. Poplar St.
2. Meadows, Jane.
2. Madden, Wm., vv, cor. Mulberry and Lin-
den Sts.
2. Malone, Maria, c, cor. Third and C<jncord
Sts.
2. Malone, Albert, cor. SafFerans & Fifth Sts.
2. Molton, Uriah, w, Main St.
2. Jlorgan, John, w, Johnson Ave.
2. Meadows, Jane.
2. Menken, Nathan D., w, Peabody Hotel.
2. Madden, J. J., w, Yates Lake.
2. Miller, Mrs. John a., 224 Hernando St.
3. Morgan, Delia, c, Greenlaw St.
3. McCullough, Mrs. Ben., w
3. McCullough, son of Ben., \v.
3. Mnllaney, Peter, w, Dunlap St.
3. McGirk, A., c, Lauderdale St.
3. Mitchell, Mrs. R. W., w. Fort Pickering.
3. Morgan, Delia, cor. Sixth and Greenlaw
Sts.
3. McCullough, Mi-s. Bju., w. Old Raleigh
Road.
3. MeCnllougli, Ben., \v, O'd Raleigh Road.
3. Miillaven. Orphan Asylum.
3. Mnrphy, John, w, City Hospital.
Masou, 243 Monroe St.
3. Mitrphv, Eliz I. 9 Front St.
4. Mitche," iMrs. .Mollie, Main St.
4. Mulligan. Richard, vr. Monroe St.
4. Mackenzie, w, cor. South A Tennessee Sts.
4 MeCauley, John, w, eor. 1)3 Solo & Beale
Sts.
4. Maher, Mike, w. Cit.v Hospital.
4. Mud, John G., w, 224 Hernando St.
.'■> Moore, Edward, w, 199 Main St.
.Moran, Mike, Citv Hospital,
."i. Maddox, Robert O., w, Citv Hospital.
.'V. Moch, Millie, c, 129 De Soto St.
r-t. Mccormick, John, w, Winchester St.
,'). Moore, Virgil V., w, P,)ntotocSt.
r:>. McClellan, Millie, e.
."■>. McLane, John W., w, 319 Jlain St.
."i. Maloney, Peter, vv, Dunlap St.
5. Mc(<orks, Alabama, \v, Lauderdale St.
(<. MacDongal, Chas. 11., w, Ciayoso St.
<1. McDowell, Mrs.
C. Mitchell, Slater, c, Dunlap St.
<i. Macelfresh, James, w, Peabody Hotel.
<i. MeL"an, John, w, 310 Adams St.
0. Marshall, Henry, c. 248 Third St.
0 Moran. Mike, w. City Hospital.
r». McDew, c, 274 Washington St.
C. Moore, Miles, c, cor. SafTerans & Looney
Sts.
Sept. 7. McGliec, Tony, c, cor. Shelby ct Vance!- ts.
7. Moore, Miller! c, cor. Sycamore iV: L(,(un v
Sts.
7. McKinley, Mrs. E., w, Poplar St.
7. McDonald, Rosa, w. City Hosp.tal.
7. Motley, Ike. c, Broadway.
7. .Macniimara, John, 17 Sc.iith St.
7. Meil, Michael C., w, Vance St.
7. Mead, Dr. W. C, w, Peabody Hotel.
7. Martin, J. R.
7, Malsi, Conrad.
7. Morton, Lewis, GO De Soto St.
7. Moore, Miles.
7. MeCracken, Miss M., \v.
8. Macklin. Eliza, c.
<S. Mazeilye, Jcanetta. Van Btiren St.
8. Myiiiitt, Lizzie, w, Alabama St.
8. Mynatt, Thos. B., w, Alabama St.
8. JIanley, Theresa, w, Moseby M-e.
8. Maroo'ney, David, 101 Pontotoc St.
8. McBiide, Emma, cor. De Soto and Gavoso
Sts.
8. McBindley, Ed., on Lamb Place.
8. Mnrphy, Mollie. w, 9 Fiont St.
8. McConnell, A., w, 117 Kobins(ni St.
8. Mitchell, Josephine, e, cor. Ovcrtoji r.ud
Promenade Sts.
8. Miller, Ferd. A., w, Brownsville.
8. Mauchei-, A., \v.
8. Mauley, Y. R., w.
9. Mackenzie, Mrs. S. A., \\\ cor. South f.nd
'It'iuiessee Sts.
9. Mazetta, Annie, w, 188 Beale St.
9. .Meek, MissSallie, w. Walker .'Vve.
9. Mitchell, Mollie, w, 9.5 De Soto St.
9. McJIichaels, Thos., Market St. Infirmary.
9. Mac'ether, A., Medical College, Tnion .'si.
9. Mackenzie (child of Ed.), w. Merriwealhcr
Ave.
9. Mack. Charles, 307 Fifth St.
9. Mathews, Mrs. F., vv, Shelby St.
9. Mead, James.
9. Morrissey, Peter.
9. Mackenzie, E. S., cor. South and Tennes-
see Sts.
9. "Mares, J., c, Pontotoc St.
9. Milenus, Father, w. JIain St.
9. McArnish, Promeinxde St.
10. McGdvrev, Mrs. J. G.
10. MeCauley", J. W.
10. Milden, .'lenuie.
10. McFall, Jlollie E., 40 Cnti ev St.
10. Morrissey, Peter, w. Third bt.
10. Malone, Louis, c, cor. Third and Overton
Sis.
■10. Mulvahill, P. J., w. Market St. InfirniiHy.
10. McCloy, G. W., \v. Market St. Infirmaiy.
10. Morris, James P., Louisville. Kv.
10. JIcKiiiley, child of., Boulevard.
11. Moore, Ernest, 4.") Mulberrv St.
11. Miller, D., c, 133 Monroe St.
11. McConnell. Tom, \v, 147 Robinson St.
II. Mitchell. Moses, 334 Jefferson St.
11. Merrill, Wm., c, Valentine Ave.
11. Marv, c, Carolina St.
II. Mathews, F, A., w. Shelby St.
11. McGowen, Michael.
11. Mullen, (Jeorge.
11. McParl land, 323, Madison St.
11. Madsley, John.
11. Mtirphv, Jane, c. Main St.
11. Mitchell, Joe, c. City Hospital.
12. Morrison, Channing M., w. Main St.
12. McClellan, c. Causey St.
12. Mcljraw, Nellie, \v, Vance St.
12. Mahonev, Hainiah, w. Second St.
12. Moore, f'. G., w. Walnut St.
12. Meyers, Frances, w. Linden St.
12. Morgan, John, w, Orleans St.
12. Malone, Ned., c, 192 Beale St.
12. Madley, Frank, 28 Winchester St.
12. Moore, Charles, w, cor. Walnut and Ti'.te
Sts.
12. McBridi', Margaret, Chelsea.
12. Murphy, Sam., Linden St. Infirmary. ,
12. McLemore, Jordan, c, Ifil Gayoso St.
12. McLaughlin. Florence, w, City Hospital.
12. Maron, Reuben, c.
13. MeSlieve, John, 274 Second St.
226
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER,
Sept. 13. McKee, Sallie, c, Walker Ave.
13. Mary, c, Sliort Turley St.
13. Moliiiilev. Mrs., w, Lamb Place.
13. MiicDoiiald. c, 62 Spring St.
13. Morton, Bettie, c. Central Point.
13. McGee, Charles, w, Bealo St.
13. Mynatt, Henry, w, '23.7 Alabama St.
13 Miller, William, w, DunlapSt.
13. Massey, Joseph, w, 10 Howard's Row.
13. Madhanlt, Elizabeth, w, Hernando St.
13. Mirtv, Tennie, w, Shelbv St.
13. Miller, Genrf;eS., w, MarketSt.
13. M<'Shean, John, w, Seventh St.
13. Marks, M., c, Madison St.
14. Malone, Jlrs. Wesley, McLemore Ave.
14. Miles, H.
14. Mayo, Samuel, w, cor. Madison and De
Soto Sts.
14. Mcllvaine, Mrs., c, cor. Linden and Well-
inston sts.
14. McCall, Henry, w, cor. Pontotoc and
Walnnt Sts.
14. McCalf, Zae.. City Hospital.
14. Mnrpliey, Margaret, City Hospital.
14. JleCnrley, Thomas, w, Market St. In-
firmary.
14. MeRendle, Edmonds, \v, Market St. In-
firmary.
14. Murdnck", Lottie, w, Beale St.
14. Miller, Laura.
14. Mc( lann, John, vv, cor. Vance & Walnut
Sts. »
14. McCadden. Mary .'\nn, c.
14. McCall, Henry, cor. Walnut & Pontotoc Sts.
14. Miiniiing, George, w.
14. Mulligan, Tom. vv. Winchester St.
14. MeElroy, E., \v. Waldrou Place.
14. Mayes, Sain., c, '23 Madison St.
15. Marks. George,cor Seventh & Jackson Sts.
1.1. .McGregor, Dr. T. H., w, Linden St.
Ifi. McCalli'Ster, J., c.
IX Majcr, T. \V. J.
15. .MaliatleV, H. J., w.
1.5. McDowell, J. \V.,w, Madison & Second Sts.
1.5. Maag, George, w. Walker Ave.
15. Morrison, Florence, c, Georgia St.
15. McCullock, S. J.,w, Market St. Infirmary.
15. McKinley, Mr., w, 148 Beale St.
15. McLemore, Belle, c, 161 (Jayoso St.
15. Martin, Mrs. Maria, w, Market St.
15. JliiUigaii, F., w, McGliee's Station.
15. McLane, Morgan, 430 Linden St.
1.5. Massar, J. N., w.
16. Maag, Mrs. George, w, Walker Ave.
16. Marshall, E. C, w, Peahodv Hotel.
16. McCain, George, w, 69 Filth St.
16. McDonald, Peter, w, Citv lL>spititl.
16. Moses, Albert, c. City Ho.spilal.
16. McDonald, Charles, c. 176 Spring St.
16. McFreeley, John, w, 177 Second St.
16. Marks.Mrs.,\v.cor.Si.xth St.tt Walker Ave.
16. Miller, Granville, c. Seventh St.
16. Moss, Major, c. Thomas Ave.
16. Maiiierre, Dr. Thos. W., w. Court St. In-
flrmarv.
16. McCallum, W. D., w, 19 Madison St.
16. Mofl'at. Wm., w, Wright Ave.
16. Jliller, Andrew, c.cor. Clay and Main Sts.
16. McManus, Sam'l W., w, Woodlawn.
17. Mc('nllough,Bill,cor.Third & Overton Sts
17. Mathews, Ferdie, w, cor. High and Wash-
ingion Sts.
17. Moeller, Louis, cor. Main and Washing-
ton Sts.
17. iNrofford, Wm.
17. McMunsoii, A. H.
17. Merriman, Georgia, 449 Hernando St.
17. Mason, Jane.
17. Mike, w, cor. Gayoso and Hernando Sts.
17. Mav, W. B.
17. McNamara, Mrs., w, Shelhv St.
17. Marion, George, w, 449 Hernando St.
17. Madison. H.. w. City Hospiial.
17. Martin, Mary, w. City Ho.spital.
17. Manches, Giis., w, Medical College.
17. Moon (Child oi Alice), c, Causey St.
17. McMann, .\. H., w, Raybnrn .A."ve.
17. Mason, Jane. c. Ruth St.
17. McManus, A. S., w, Howard Infirmary.
Sept. 18. Mavs, C, c, C:tv Ho.spital.
18. McCullock, Wm"., e, 58 Third St,
IS. Moore, Mis., w, cor. Maxwell and Saffer-
ans Sts.
18. Moon, W. J., Jr,, w.
18. Morti, Giis. A.,w, cor. Shelby & South Sts.
18. Mogrige, Lottie.
18. Jlillcr, Wm., cor. Looney & Manassas Sts.
18 McClellan, WileV.
18. McCiillom, W. D.
IS Mea'.;lier, Patrick.
IS. Mit(-hell, J, H., w, Court St. Infirmary'.
18. MuUett, Massv.
18. Mitchell, Mrs. Jno. H., w. Mill St.
18. McNeil, Mrs.
18. McDonald, J. W., Filth St.
18. -Meaher, Annie, w, 41 Fifth St.
19. Monier, C. V. S , w, Beale St.
19. Meyers, William, vv, Ft. Pickering.
19. MeCormick, W., w. MarketSt. Intirmarv.
19. Maltese, Mrs., w, 83 Echols St.
20. Moseby, Mary, cor. Linden & Walnut Sts.
20. Mackenzie. H., c. City Hospital.
20. McGregor, Robert, w" 3 Wicks Ave.
20. Martin, Cornelius, cor. Third and Wash-
ington Sts.
20. McNamara, L.
20. Malone. C. C, w, McLemore Ave.
20. Morris, Frank, c. Second St.
20. Moody. JIary, c.cor. Linden & Walnut Sts,
21. McMenema, Francis J., w, Rayburn Ave.
21. Montgonierv, J. D.
21. Marsh, Rohiiie, w, Pontotoc St.
21. Michel, .Miss Annie.
21. Meyers, John, vv, 300 Front St.
21. Jlorrow, J. S., w, Hernando Rond.
21. McCoy, Miss Minnie, vv, Pigeon Roost E'd.
21. Mhoon, R. B., vv. Poplar St.
21. Mathews, Mrs. F.. c, Mackelroy Ave.
21. McCrea, Mr., w. Second St.
21. Morton, William, c, cor. Walnut and
Spring Sts.
21. Mathews. John, c, De SotoSt.
22. McConnell, Alex., w, .59 Ross Ave.
23. Morgan, Mrs., w. Henrv Ave.
23. McNeil, Willii>. c. Short Third St.
23. Monteverdi, Miss K., vv, Bfuilcvard.
23. Mi'Gilvrey, David, w. Poplar St.
23. .Morton, Miss Lizzie, w, Hernando Eoad.
2:'.. McNeil, Annie, w.
2:;. M.iseby, Emily, Mill .St.
24. Montgomery (child of J. D.).
24. Moore, Jessie, 504 Rayburn Ave.
24. McDonald, Susie.
S4. Marks, F.
24. Jlilton. Frank, w, 2.'^0 Second St.
24. McCall, F. F., w, 10 Jefferson St.
24. Moseby, Emily, c. Carolina St.
24. Marraret, vv, Canfield Asylum.
2.5. McKinney. John.cor. Carolina it Fifth Sts.
25. Mullen, George, vv, MarketSt. Infirmary.
25. Mullen, Mrs. Willie, vv, Market St. In-
fiimary.
25. Monteverdi. Marv, w, Boulevard.
25. Meath, .Tohn, w, De Soto St.
25. .McNultv, Robt., Jones Ave.
25. Marshall(child of .Sam.),110 WinchesterSt.
25. Moss, Mrs. A., c. Second St.
26. McCoy, Sallie.
26. Mitchell, Jno. H.. w, Mill St.
2fi. McDonald. Wm. R.
26. Moore, G. W., 54 Jackson St.
26. M.uirie, Annie.
26. Maunord (child of B.), c, cor. St. Martin
and South Sts.
26. Jleath, Thomas, vv, De Soto St.
26. Miller, W. W. C, vv, 448 Main St.
26 ^^erritt, Jane, C. 278 Linden St.
26. McNamara (child of John), vv, 139 Main St.
27. Mordinn, Jno.H.,vv, Market St. Intirmary.
27. Moonev, Rev. Father, w, Camp Father
Matliew,
27. McClannahan. Mrs. H.. w, Main St.
27. McDowell. Carrie, w. Walker Ave.
27. .Massa, Maiv A., Poplar St.
27. Jlclvitchcii. J. N., White Haven.
27. Moreiiev, Mrs. M.
27. M' Donald, Mrs. J. W., VV, cor. Georgia &
Fifth Sts.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
227
Sept. 2S. Milbnrne E>1., 'WalnntSt.
2S. McKay, Miiuk, c, near Elmwood.
'J8. Marks, Jacob, w.
2S. Massu, Mrs., w, Poplar St.
28. Malioiit'y M\\Ul of Mrs.), w, Diinlap St.
28. Malouey, Eliza, w, Pontotoc St.
29. Mallon,"Grc'cMi, c, Cieorgia St.
29. Millicaii, C. R., \v, MoGhee's Station.
29. Mead, Francis, w, C'ncrrv Ave.
29. Muraii, W. F.. 3.)3 Main St.
30. Miller, Caroline, cor. Central Ave. and
Trezevant St.
30. McCall, Robert, w, Pontotoc St.
30. iMcDowell, Henrv, \v. Walker Ave.
30. Meredith, B-ttie, c. Walker Ave.
.30. Miller, w, Market St, Infirmary.
Oct. 1. Martlev, Wni. P., c, Fort Pickeiins.
]. Mlioon W. .J., w. Poplar St,
1. Mil-hot, Minnie, w. Horn Lake Road.
1. .Michels, N., w. Walker Ave.
1. JIann, Sallie.
1. McKenna, Mrs. Annie, Louisville, Ky.
1. McdJonald, J. W .. w, De Soto St.
1. Maur, Tillie, w, Raleigh Road.
1. Moran, .Jolni, w.
2. Moran, John.
2. Moore, W. H., w, Georgia St.
2. Mneller, G. W., w. Carolina St.
2. Michot, Eugene, \v, Horn Lake Road.
2. Mack, Mike, w, Georgia St.
3. Marks, II.
3. Mhoon, Miss M. S., w, Poplar St.
3. McClure. Mrs. Jf.
4. Ma.son, Jack, c, Rnth St.
4. Murphy, Louisa, c, 440 Shelby St.
4. Murray, Henry, c. Linden St. Infirmary.
5. Mack, Ann, w, City Hospitjvl.
5. McGregor, James, Hernando St.
ii. 5[orrow, Miss Jennie, w, Hernando St.
Pi. Morrow, Mrs. Julia, w, Hernando St.
5. Manning, Pat., w. Center .\lley.
5. Moffat, Edward, Shelby County.
5. Miller, Jos. E., w. Market St. Infirmary.
5. Moseby, Charlie.
5. Munter, Carl, w, Springdale.
5. McGregor, Jos., w.
6. Moseby, Mrs., w. Boulevard.
fi. Morris^ John, w, New Raleigh Road.
C. Micliot, Lady, w, Horn Lake Road.
G. Mhoon, J. G., w. Poplar St.
7. Miller, John E., Market St. Infirmary.
7. Michot, Miss Eliza, w, Horn Lake Road.
7. Mitchell, Avery, Shelby County.
7. McNeil, Charles, \v,Mernphisit Charleston
R. R.
8. McGowen, June.
8 McMiUen, William, \v, Jackson St.
8. McMillen, E. J., w, Jackson St.
8. McGowen, Charlie, c, Ft. Pickering.
8. McGowen. James, w, Shelby County.
9. Meyers, Pete., w. City Hospital.
9. McCIure, George, c. City Hospital.
<). JIartin, T., w. City Hospitid.
9. Mallory. A. H., w" David Ave.
9. Meyer, Caroline, w. Ft. Pickering.
9. Massengale, A.S., w, country.
9. Maloney, Edward, w, Raleigh Road.
9. Mf)nnegan. Mrs. Ellen, w, Po[>lar St.
9, Malev, .Marv A , w. Main St.
9. Mallory, L. H., w, David Ave.
10 lIcNeii, J.imes, w, Me.nphis & Charles-
ton R. R.
10. Morean, E., w.
10. Madison, c, cor. Hernando & Waln\itSts.
11. McCartiiev, Mrs. M.,w, Calvary Cemeterv.
n. Meyer, Rest., Alabama St.
11. McDonald, Kate. w. Calvarv Cemetery.
12. Maloney, .Miss Ma-gie, M. Raleigh Road.
12. Maurer, Phil., w, Pojilar St.
13. M(d)onaM, Corneiiiis, w. Jones Ave.
13. Morris, Mary, w, cor. Manassas St. and
L me Ave.
14. JIurpliy. Jeremiah, w, .38 Front St
14. Mann. Eiidie, w, cor. Union St. & Wal-
dron .\vc.
14. Manuel, R. C, w. Adams St.
14. Jleycr, William, w, ]'"t. Pii'kering.
14. Martin. Sam., c. Linden St. Infirmary.
14. Meyers, EJ , c, foot ol Jackson St.
Oct. 14. Moore, Robert, c. City Hospital.
14. Martin, Joseph, w, city Hospital.
Maloney, Grade, c, cor. Georgia and
Seventh St.
1. ^. Mayhew (infant of Wm.), \v, Carolina St.
IG. Morris, John, w, cor. Manassas St. and
Lane Ave.
16. Morris, Mrs., w, cor. Manassas St. and
Lane Ave.
10. Jloiris (son of John), w, cor. Manassas St.
A; Lane Ave.
]G. Jfaildo.K, Charles, w, Thomas Ave.
10. McKay, D. L., w, Ncsbit Station.
17. Michot, E. L., w, Horn Lake Road.
l>i. Maisden, John, w, 73 De Solo St.
18. McCoy, R. J., w. Poplar St.
18. Morton, Albert, \v. Hernando St
19. Monsuratt, Oscar, w, Valentine Ave.
HI. McCrowell, Mrs.
19. McElroy, Paliick, w. Boulevard.
19. Martingley, M. A., w, Chrisman Place.
20. McLeniorc, John, c, cor. TcniieSite and
Linden Sts.
20. Maher, Wm., w, Tnrley St.
20. Mead, Sarah A., w, Peyton Ave.
21. Mcssick, Mr., \\\ Raleigh Read.
22. McAnelly, W. T., w, Main St.
2.3. Marks. Moses, w, Raleigh Road.
24. Mahatfey, L. W., w, Wellington St.
24. Mathews, William, c, McLemore Ave.
24. Mayo, Martha.
24. Slalsi, Miss Caroline, w. Poplar St.
26. Meyers, Linda, c, Jackson St.
28. Ma'hon, Miss IL, w, Pigeon Roost Road.
28. Mason, I. B., w.
31. Miller Phoebe, 111 Exchange St.
Nov. 4. McCabc, James, w, Henry Ave.
4. Martin, Michael, w, Davis Ave.
5. Martin, V. B., w, country,
f). Miller, Lucy, c.
9. McKeon, M., w. .
11. May, Mrs. Minlie, w, Wilson Station.
13. McBride, Mary, w. Commerce St.
16. McGee, Martha, c.
17. Moore. EmmaT., w, Gholson St.
21. IMowbry, R. A.
2. ). Mason, c, Alabama St.
2'i. JIartin, John, c.
Aug. 12. Neighbors, Katie, c, Madison St.
17. Nelson, Susan H.
n. Nel.son, Samuel.
20. Natchtbrand, J., Hnpert .St.
24. Nolan, Mary, w, City HospitaL
24. Noel, Emma, w, Vance St.
2.'). Norris, Mary E., \v. City Hospital.
26. Nichol.'-on, Robert.
26. Nelson, Mollie, w.
28. Napier, A., c, 7 Dunlap St.
28. Novitzkv, Annie, w, Bradford St.
29. Nclms, Thomas, 173 JeH'erson St.
30. Newman, Mrs. Mary, 128 Washington St.
30. Noonar, John.
31. Newman, James, De Soto St.
31. Newsom, Ida, w, Overton St.
.Sept. 1. Nornient, Tom, 256 Washington St.
1. Norment, Joseph, c.
3. Norris, Mrs., City Hospital.
4. Noble, Mary, City Hospital.
4. Nelson, Andrew, c, Poplar St.
0. Norris, John, w, 77 Front St.
7. Nel.son, David, w, Monroe St.
8. Neeley, Frederick, e.
8. Neclev, Ed.,c, cor. Orleans & Jeflerson Sts.
9. Nel.son, Dr. W. W., w, Trigg Ave.
HI. Nelson, JIartha. c. Exchange St.
10. Nichols, W. L., w. High St.
10. Noel, T , w, Vance St.
10. Noun, Ernest, County Jail.
10. Nelson, Mrs. 55 Exchiinge St.
10. Newhouse, Miss A. M., Market St. Infirm-
ary.
11. Noel, Mrs., w. Vance St.
12. Neiding, N., w. Market St. Infirmary.
12. Nieolati, F,. w. City Hospital.
14. Nelson, Albert, c. Gaines St.
14. Nolton, Eugenia, W., w.
l.'i. Nilton, M:irgar<'t, w.
]."). Nelson, into, w, .'ils Shelby St.
15. Nelson, Albert, c, Woolen Mill.
228
A HISTORY OF THE YKJ,I,0\V FEVER.
Sept. I.'i. Nugent, Dr. P. C, w. Cnurt St. Iiifirm.ary.
18. Noble, Robert, w , jNlurket St. lutiniiary.
18. Noeler, Louis, vv, cor. Main i Wasliiugtoii
Sts.
19. Nail, John W., w, Elmwood.
20. Nelson, Romeo, c.
20. Nance, Spencer, e. Poplar St.
20. Nel>on, Samuel, c, Linden St. Infirniary.
20. Neil, Mrs. M. C, w, near Elmwood.
.21. Norman. Mrs. A. A., w.
21. N.) ill, Lllen, c, Gliolson St.
21. Nelson. .Mrs,, w, Carolina St.
21. Nicliolson, S. B.
2:i. Niewmann, W,, w. Poplar St.
2,"^. Nasli. w. Manassas St.
2,1 Nntall, M K., u, .Market St. Infirmary.
20. Norman, Lewis, cor. Butler it Shelby Sts.
29. Noonan, Mary, w, Vance St.
30. Noonan, Mrs.,w, Vance St.
Oct. 1. Neison, Victor, w, TriLcu' Ave.
. 2. N.e;le, Mrs, T,, w. Broadway St.
?.. Noi tolk, John Henry, w, lG:j Clie.ster St.
Nelm, William, c, Sixth St., Ft, Pickering.
3, Nelm, Jlollie, c. Sixth St,, Fl. Pickering.
4, Nelson, Miss Jniia, w. Trig'.; Ave.
5, Nelson. Mis., Dr. A. W., w, Trigg Ave.
8. Nicliols. John B.
10. Nail, Mrs. Mary, w. Walker Ave.
10. Nichols, Wm. L., High St.
12. Nnttinj;, G. A., w, Overton Point.
12. Nnrthrup, Rachael E,, w. Chester St.
],">. Navlor. Simnel. c, Main St.
16. North, .Nelson, w, lO'J Orleans St.
21. Niclio'.son, S. B,, \v, Broadway St.
28. Norman, Willie F.
Aug, 17, O'Bi ien, WiUio A.
IS. O'Doiinell. Bridget.
21). O'Brien, Mrs. .Vnn, w, MannssasSt.
2G. Overtel. H., w. 177 Adams St.
2.S. Owen, A. J.. 2l:i Court St
SO. Oakley, W.dtir D,, w. Union St.
oO. Owen, Henry, c, 173 Adams St.
30, O'Gar-a, Miiry, w, Brinkley Ave.
30. O'Hearn, Mary, w, Winchester St.
31, O'Hara, John D., w, Wliitemore House.
31. Otev, G,jor4e, c, ijl Linden Sc.
otli'j. A., \v. City Hospital.
Sept. 2. I I'I.earv. John.'w, De Soto St.
2. <.»slay, Helen, City Hospital.
2. O'Hara, James T., w.
3. O't.'onnor, John, Jr., w, 11.5 Main St.,
3. O'Connor, Jolm, Sr., w, 11.5 Main St.
4. Otto, Geo., w, 46 Orleans St.
5. Owen, Minnie, c, Jones Ave.
.5. Orselle, E., w, Hennindo St.
6. O'Brien, M , w, Manassas St.
0. Owens, Dock, e, cor. Hill A Robiuson Sts.
(). Oriega, Lewis, w. Linden St.
(). O'Leary, Mrs. J., Second St.
8. O'Brien, Willie, w.
8, O'Brien, Terrenee, w.
8. Overton (child), Overton St.
8. Owens, Jane, c, 08 Cansev St.
8. Owens, Pierce, CS Causey St.
8. Owens. Marv, w, Gavoso House.
8. Odell, Mrs, ('., w, Siiulli St,
8. O'Neill, M., w, \'ani'e St
9. Owens, James, (>S l.'ansev St.
9. O'Farrell, Hugli. w. Main St.
11. O'Bji'-t, (Catherine, w, Tbiimas Ave.
12. O't.'onnor, John, w, 11.5 Main St.
12. O'Donnell. Wm., w. City Hospital.
13. O'Connor, c, .Spring St.
13 O'Connor, Mary, Market St. Infirmary.
13 O'Farrell. .\nnie, o, 1,55 Beale St.
l:!, Odell, Ellen, 1,S3 South St.
13. O'Coniiell, Ellen, w.
13. O'Connell, John, c. Clay St.
11. Onetta, G.
15. O'Neil. James, w, cor. Seventh and Jack-
son Sis.
15. Offntt, Alfred N., 170 Burlington St.
16. O'Brien, Patrick, w, 17 Jackson St.
lii. O'Neil, Mrs. Maggie, w, Hernando Road.
16. Ordiiig, Gertrude, w. .539 Main St.
17. Obei-st. Wm,, \Y, Thomas Place,
17. Olloted, Fn d.. w. Market St. Infirmarv.
17, (.)'Donnell, Mrs, w. Main St.
18. Owen, Julia.
Sept. 19. O'Bi ien, John, w, 42 .TelTer.son St.
20. O'Neil, Alice, w, Uradford St.
23. Oliver, Lou., e, cor. Hernando and Broad-
wav.
24. Oliver. Z. P,, 82 Gavoso St.
27 O'Malev, Mis., Av, (jrleaiis St.
28. Otey, lir. Pant ti., w, Dunlap St.
28. Ocliiier, Martin.
29. O'Brien, Jerry, w. Main St.
30. O'Brien, James, w, M .in St.
30. t.)'Coiini r, BriM>4et, l.s2 Froi.t St.
Oct. 3. ti'Xealey, Patrick.
6. Owens, .'lolm. w, Market St. Infirmary.
7. O'Connell. Mis. C, w. Aviet:oii Square.
7. Owen-, Julia M., w, Keir Ave.
8. Owens, Thos. J., w, Kerr Ave.
9. O'Hearn. M;>sH., w, Walker Ave.
9. On lev, .Mi^s luiiiini, w, Raleigh Road.
9. O'Mah y, Mary Ann, w. Main St.
9. Obermeimer, Joe, w, Boulevard.
12. Oberst, Catherine, Thomas Ave.
12. Onley, John.
1:',. Oiieist, Mivs Julia, w. Thomas Ave.
11. (.isknian, Henry, w. Estival Park.
Hi. Gates, W. J., w, McLemore .A,ve.
18. Owens, Emma.
23. O'Kcele, Mamie, w, Brcedlove Ave.
Nov. 11. O.ites, Miss Laura, \v, McLemore Ave.
Aug. 13, Perkins. .left'erson, Monroe St.
15, Patterson, Laura li.
17. Peiise, Jliss Luc v.
17. Packer, C. A., w.
20. Payne, Mary, Fifth St.
20. Peoples, Jennie,
20. Porter, William.
20. Pease, Fannie, w, 177 .Second .St.
2L Penn, Ma.cgie. c, Washington St.
21. Paynes, Mary. w.
21. Pu'llen, Minerva, w. Gill's Station.
21. P.a.L-e, William, Main St.
22. Porter, William, w , 91 Commerce St.
21. Price. Edwaril, w.
2.5. Pag'.es. Charles, «-, 105 Main St.
2.5. Pollock, Samuel, \v, Fonith St.
l5. Parish, Brooks, c, City Hospital.
25. Precomp, G. L.. w, .Allen Ave.
28. Pratt, Patsev, coi'. Third and Jeffer.son Sts.
28. Pearsall, A."
29. Patton, E. S., 37 Robinson St.
30. Powers, Edward, w. Poplar St.
31. Payne, Marv, c, Bass Ave.
31. Pleasant. Dilly, c, .33 Robinson St.
31. Powell, Charley, c, Monroe St.
31. Power. Green, c.
Sept. 1. Plisehke, Chas. H., w, Vance St.
1. Pohl, Annie, Orleans St.
1. Price, Eriward, c, Poniotoc St.
2. Pohl. Theodore, w, .lellei.M.n St.
2. Privett, Miles, w, ^^■hltl '^ Slai ion.
2. Pearson, Eliza, 80 Wa-.biiigtoii St.
2. Pryor, James, cor. Looiiey and Fourth Sts.
2. PeVotti, Vincent, w, cor. Union and De Soto
Sts.
2. Pelcquiii, Rosamond.
3 Potter. John.
3. Prvor, Melinda, cor. Fourth and Safferans
Sts.
3. Perkins. N. T., w. Orleans St.
S. Pagels, .\melia, w, Main St.
3. Palmer, Dennis, c, City HospitaL
3. Prvor, Green.
3 Price, Annie, w, 173 Third St.
4. Pai ker, G. A., c, 109 Madison St.
4. Penn, Citv Hosiiit:il.
4. Pagels. Otto, w . Main St.
5. Pocai, Henry, w, Hernando St.
,5. Powers, John H., w, Miulison St.
.5. Patillo. Lucy J.. \v. Walker .\ve.
5. Parker, Eli, c, 173 Jefierson St.
5. Parker, Charlotte, c, cor. Looney and Sev-
enth Sts.
5. Prvor, Matilda, cor. Fourth and Saffcraus
.sts.
.5. Pad, John, w. City Ilospit il.
.5. Plummcr. Frank, w, De .Soto St.
C. Pease, Mrs. Nancy. \v. Second St.
6. I'arsoiis, Iti'v. C. ('., w. Poplar St.
0. Phillips, Will., Clielsea.
0. Pandert, Annie, w, 16 Second St.
A HISTOKY OF
THE YELLOW FEVER.
229
Sept. 7. Philmot, Jlrs. Annie, 388 Main Pt.
7. Picor, Victor, w, lli2 Robinson St.
7. Powell, M. T., w, 7 We.st Court .St.
8. Plummer. Mis.s, w.
8. Poll;, Amiinrla, 208 Gayoso St.
8. Pharow, Phil.
8. Potter. Mrs., Market St Infirmary.
8. Polk, Manil, 208 (;uyo.?o St.
8 Prvor, Miek, :il Robinson St.
8. Piicli, .5(1 Seeond St.
8. Purdy. Clirissa, 121 Union St.
8. Paul, N. P., w, Jefferson St.
8. PatiUo, R. F., w, Walnut St.
<). Preseott, WalttT, w, Chelsea St.
'.I. Pre.sh, Fred., w, 220 Main St.
9 Perkins, Henrv, 07 Dl' Soto St.
!l. P^'tuay, S., c, Beale St.
!). Perleet, Ernest, vv. Market St. Infirmary.
9. Perodeau, B. D., w, 77 Main St.
y. Parker, S.
10. Piper, .1. II., w.
11. Parker, .James G., Market St. Infirmary.
11. Patehell, .lames, w. liOit I'oplar St.
10. Peck, F. B., w, Ralei,s;h Road.
10. Payne, Mi.'hael, w, Atarket St. Inlirmarv.
10. Park, , lames G., w, Market St.
10. Peters, AVin., Hernando St.
10. Pliar.nv. I'nil., w, Ross Ave.
11. Pohl, .Mrs. Theodure, w, Vance St.
11. Patillo. K. H., w. Walnut St.
11. P,iS'\ G., e, 1-17 Causey St.
11. Preston, .lohn, c, cor. iSixth & Georgia Sts.
11. l'ael;er, .lames, 2G1 De Soto St.
11. Pasi lial, H 'urv, o, De Soto St.
n. Peiider^-rast, Bridget,
11. Patiflo, Dr R. II , w, Walnut St.
11. Parish, Charitv.
11. P.isre. G. Iv. l.-,l Cans -v St.
12. Piumiiicr, M.iiuan'i, :;8 Linden St.
12. I'irkriH, .lani '^, e. |S7 ShelliV St.
12. Partlow. .Mr<. F , w. Hernando St.
12. Peeples, Isaac, c, Winchester St.
1:1. P.irks, Ida. c. 01 Clay St.
1:1. Pa\Mu'. X ncissa, c. 11 North St.
]:;. l'i'r;;nis, .\ n'hie, Short Third St.
15. I'ai ks (child).
l:i. Pens III. Clara,
l:?. Pearsall. Aline.
13. P^,■;^■, Miss M. B., w, Dunlap St.
II. Price, Mi's, Susan.
14. PardiiMi. cirirles.
M. ]>i4-in-, F. li.x, 210 Beale St,
14. Perkins Riutlall, c, 222 Washington St.
II. Palchell, Mrs., w, Poplar St.
l,"). Philliiis, .Mary, w, 220 Elliott St.
1.). I'lichcr, P. 1 1., w. foot of Broadway.
1.'). Phimmer, Mrs. 13., \v.
1."). Pluinnvr, Al., w.
IC. Peiiii, Dr. .1. E., w. Court St. Infirmary.
III. Perry, Leonora, w. South St.
IG. Penriers. Barbara, w, cor. Fourth and
Keel Sts.
Ifi. P.isehal, Andreu', c, D,^ Soto St.
1(>. Powell, Andrew, c, 101 Fourth St.
16. Pellegran, Einile, \v, eor. Poplar and
Washin>;ton St.s.
Ifi. Pet-r, Thomas, w. '.'17 Pontotoc St.
10. Polk. Bud, e, coi-. Filth auii C.irolina Sts.
Ifi. Peter, cor. Sixth and Broalwav Sts.
IC). Pointoi'. Roxina, c. Walnut St."
16. Paiu", Marv, c. Ill: ^Nlaiu Si.
16. PaR-e,N.,w, cor. S -cond ,t Wasliington Sts.
Hi. Plunira-r, B. F . w Pc s,iio .St.
l(i. Pavnc, Mary, w, ISi Main St.
10. Pk'tz, F.
16. Pierce. Dr. Hiram M., w. Court St. In-
firmary.
10. P iwders, R. W., \v. Gavoso House.
10. Patterson, R. A-, 171 I'iiion St.
10. Pope, Ra Iiel
16. Perry, Soiners, \v. South St.
16. Parker, Richard, e, car. Fifth and Ala-
bam I Sts.
10. I'ointer, John, c. Walnut St.
20. Pierce, Thomas, c, ao Linden St.
21. Pfister. Jacob, w.
2:!. Patter'-on, Joseph, w. Market St.
2:!. Polk. Lizz e, r, .Marlin Ave.
23, Powers, Mr. J. C, w, Gayo.so House.
Sept. 2,^. I'ealiody. Geo. N., w, Leathe Orphan
Asylum.
24. Pier,-e, Nellie, w, 19 Hernando St.
2.-.. Phoebus, R. VV. K.
2."i. Patterson, Willie, c, 17.') La Rosa St.
20. Partee, C. L., w, Mcd^'Uiore .-Vve.
20. Pri{-e, Sarah A., c, Central Point.
26. Prvor, Nathan.
28. Pliske, iMrs.
28. Palmer, Mrs. Lucinila, w.
20. J'aliner, Elizaheth, \v.
20. I'elly, Joseph, c. .Suuth St.
30. I'itman, Carrie .\., 4.10 Hernando St.
'Ml Probert, George C., \v.
;;0. Pucket, Mr.
30. Poyner, Mr,, w. Walker Ave.
:50. I'ickens, Oliver, c. Sliort Third St.
Oct. 1. Palmer, Miss Ella, w, Jackson St.
1. I'ligo, Mr,, w, Rayburn Ave.
2. I'atler. Charles, w, Orleans St.
2. P<iniato, Henry, c, Broadway.
2. Penacchi. Lotiis, Moon .\ve.
3. Peoples. Jesse, w. Market St. Infirmary.
3. Porter (infant), l.")7 Poplar St.
3. I'eabody, Jno. M., w, Leath Orphan
Asylum.
3. Pearl, Emma, \v, Davis Ave.
3. Peebles, Dr. P., w. Citv Hospital.
4. Pritcliett, Thos. T., w. Slate Female Col-
lege.
4. Payne, Charles, c. City Hospilal.
4. Penaeidii, Leans, \v, jfoon Ave.
6. Pntnana, S. G., County Jail.
6. Pope, Willie. \v, Craig's Nur.sery.
7. Prnvenzale, Mike, w, Po]ilar St.
7. Phils(m, Eliza, \v, Jbd.emore Ave.
7. Pollard, J. E., \v, Kerr Ave.
8. Piauuio, Victoria, w, 216 Beale St.
HI. Philliiis. Miss M., w. Walker Ave.
10. Plain, Kalie, w, Gavoso St.
10. Palmer, II. L., w, South Jackson St.
11. Prilchett. Mrs. F., w. State Female Col-
lege.
11. Parker. Isaac, c.
14. Piescott, O. F.. w. Walker Ave.
14. I'laiii, Miss Carrie, w. Walnut St.
14. Pii'.^g. W. T., w, Ralei!;h Road.
14. Pearson, Albert, w. Chiinh Home.
14. Pride, Mrs., c. St. Mai tin St.
17. Peterson, Martha, w. Citv Hospital.
17. Perk, Elvira, c. City Hnsiatal.
17. Palton. Macule, w. Fii lit Row.
15. Phillips. Jennie, Ohl Rah iuh Road.
10. Payne, Jennie, c, McLemore Ave.
10. Pollanl, Naui'y L., \v, 3.')2 Vance St.
21. I'ugh, Mary Ann, \v, Ralci.sh Road.
22. Peterson, .folin. w, Poplar St
22. Phelan (child of P. H.). \v. Sprin.gdale.
2.'). Po.sey, If. J., w. Boulevard.
28. Perry, Geoigiaiia, \v, 40 St. Martin St.
Nov. 4. Patterson, Mrs., Ravburii Ave.
Iiec. 10. Palteisoii. Mrs., \v.
Sept. l:"i. Quinu, Marv, \v. cor. Mill & Second Sts.
1 1, (.Jiiiulan, John C.
10. Qniglev, iNIarv, vv. Jessamine St.
Oct. 2. Qiiinii, .Mi'ke,'w, Hernando 8t.
0. Qniu'aii, Eugene, w. He rnando Road.
Aug. 1:^1, Rvan, James, \v, Washington St.
1. 'i. Rehkopf. C.
\o. Reiley, Martha Hughes.
17. Rnscnstiel, Anunste.
17. Reagan, T., Cily Hospital.
1.8. Roberts, Hannah, vv, Mosebv Ave.
10. Ru.s.sell, Maugie.
20. Russell, Birdie, w, 14 Allen Ave.
21. Riuker, Ann, County Poor Ihaise.
21. Ruhiusou, Beniiie,313 Court St., extended.
2:1. Roush, John A., vv, Monroe St.
24. Rodders, Dr. Jno. C., vv, AdanisSt.
24. Rehkopf, Fred,, w, cor. Alabama and
Winchester Sts.
2. "i, Rvan, Elizabeth, w, Johnson Ave.
2.'i. Richardson, S. A., c, alley bet. Monroe
and Madison Sts.
20. Riley, Mrs., w, 70 Winchester St.
20, Reyder, Patrick, w, Commerce St.
20. Rengi;, Auguste, w. Adams St.
20. Rooks, Ellen, De Solo St.
27. Ring, Maggie, w, City Hospital.
230
A HISTORY OF Til
i: YELLOV/ FEVER.
Aug. 27. rting, Da:i., w, City ITospitul.
117. Rittir, Alice E., w, Louisvillo. Ky.
28. Rezzinoct'o, Mrs. C, \v, Poplar St.
29. Reiley, Jof, U Wasliiiigtoii at.
29. RoZL'Ue, Louisa, c
'29. Regiiolil. Lewis, w, B.iss Ave.
29. Ruminel, A., w, Huppert Ave.
29. Redders, Auguste, \v, 107PopIarSt.
29. Robeson, Mnrv, c.
30. Record, W. H., w, 104 Exchange St.
30. Ringu'uld, IMinnie, w.
30. Riggonica, L. N., w.
30. Ringwald. Miss, w, Bass Ave.
30. Ryan, Steven, Alatiaraa St.
31. Ruramel, Sopliy, \v, Huppert Ave.
3L Ruice, Jo.sephine, w. Main St.
31. Russell, Joseph E., w, Carolina St.
31. Reiley, Mil;e, w, City Hospital.
31. Riun, Vincent, w. C'ltv Hospitiil.
31. RufTm, Charley, w, 21.^^ Alabama St.
31. Ricord, Annie, w, 104 E.Kchauge St.
31. Riley, Dan..c, MonroeSt.
31. Robertson, Perry, c.
Sept. 1. Reinig, Moses, w.
1. Ringwald, Edward, iv, Bass Ave.
1. Ring, Moses, w, Marshall Ave.
1. Ruriis, Oscar, c, Poplar St.
2. Rice, Annie, w, La Salette Acadomv.
2. Raggio, Mary R., w, cur. Causey and
Beale Sts.
2. Raggio, Amelia.
2. Rogers, Dennis, c, cor. Carolina and
Eighth Sts.
2. Roddy, Jane, Shtlby Countv.
2. Redd, Austin, c, 92 Second St.
2. Rice, Billy, ITii Vance St.
2. Richardson, B. A., c. City Hospital.
2. Reinert, Wm., w. City Hiispital.
2. Rodgers, Robt., c.
3. RadclifTe, Steven, Main St.
3. Roberts, Wni., 6 Turley St.
3. Rufhn, Wm. H., 1.53 Johnson Ave.
3. Rubenstein, Lena N., w, Jackson St.
3. Roberts, Ann Eliza, w, Madison St.
3. Reder, Gus , w, Dancvville.
4. Ravenall, Alfred, w, il North Third St.
4. Radt, Mr., \v, 4:i7 >Iain St.
4. Reveiley, J , \v, x) Main St.
4. Raverson, A., 14 Secoml St.
. 4. RufTin, Wm., c, Johnson Ave.-
4. Ryan, Ellen, -w, 138 Alaliania St.
4. Ravenos, A., w,. 36 Second St.
4. Reed. Wm., e, 17G Vance St.
5. Rootes, Mrs. Harriet A., w.
5. Risk. E. F., w. Main St.
5. Redders, Fred., w, Poplar St.
6. Ramsey, Cleburne, w, Vance St.
6. Rogers, Capt. Joseph, w, Tennessee St.
6. Rauburg, John, w, 72 Winchester St.
7. Retwick, w. Market St. Infirmary.
7. Rawlings, Hennie, c.
7. Rean, J. B., w, City Hospital.
8. Restraeyer, Fred,, \v, Alabama St.
8. Read, Cieorge, w, Ross Ave.
8. Reardon, Cohn, w, Hernando St.
8. Rush, R. L., w, Waldrou Ave,
8. Rudd, Wni, A., w.
8. Robinson, Percy, c.
8. Ryan, John, w. Market St. Infirmary.
8. Rusk, Charley, w, Shelby County.
8. Rudd, GJeorge, ,"i Ross Ave.
9. Rogers, Emily, 2,-)2K Third St.
9. Rudd, Mr., Cooper Place.
9. Roseborough, Rev. D. R, S., \v, Shelby
County.
9. Russell, Wm., iv, Carolina St.
9. Rjad, E. P., w. Cooper Place.
10. Ringwald, S., w, Bass Ave.
10. Rich, Henry, c, Hernando St.
10. Ryan, Jennie.
10. Read, Mrs., cor. Carolina &. Second Sts.
10. Rvan, Jennie, South St,
10. Robins, Dr.
10. Rogers, A.
10. Rogers, Emma, iv, 2-'n Tliird St.
10. Rvan, James, w, JIarket St. Infirmary.
10. Raws, Mi-s. Jlillie, Charleston Ave.
10. R isigio. Joliu, w, Hernauilo St.
11, Robinson, Mary, e, 01 CuroliuaSt.
Sept. n. Radt, Mr., 407 Main St.
11. Roocii, I'rank, c, cur. DunUp St. and
Huppert Ave.
11. Roach, Bill, l:.0 Do Soto St.
11. Puiiney, P.
11. Robinson, George, -w, Third St.
11. Roysier, F. W., Jr., w, Boulevard.
12. Roi.iinsiin, M.
12. Rvan, Will., 84 South St.
12. Ray, C. W., 442 Beale St.
12. Rhiiiles, L(mis, c, loot o£ Exchange St.
13. Rnunds, Belle.
13. Rabenstein, Pike, w.
13. Ross, Benjamin, c.
13. Reiitz, Jolin, w, 230 Main St.
13. Romango, John, w, 252 Safterans St.
13. Reilev. James, w. City Hospital.
13. Rod'..;'crs, w. cor. Sixth &i Looney Sis.
13. Riindolpli, Hudson, c.
14. Randall, Rachael, c.
14. Ripley. Fred., w. Market St.
14. Roliinsoii.Andeisoii.clootof ExchangeSt.
14. Richard.son, Turner, c. 109 De Soto St.
14. Rvan, James, w, 138 Alabama St.
14. Robinson, Eliza, w, 300 Beale St.
15. Roberts, John, c.
15. Reinig, Mrs. C,
15. Robinson, Grandison, c, 4G9 Court St.
15. Rogers, Peter, c, Martin Ave.
16. Randall, Fred., \v, Gayoso House.
16. Root, Erwin, w, City ilospiial.
16. Richmond, George, c, 212 Alabama St.
16. Renner, Dr. J. E., w.
16. ReviKilds, l-'annie.
16. Ruhv. Jackson.
16. Kilford, Hannah, c.
17. Robinson, Sophie, c, 354 Lauderdale St.
17. Reardon, Rev. Father, w, De Soto St.
17. Reiley, Sarah, w. Linden St.
17. Roper, Ann. w, Hernando Road.
17. Rc'ynolcis, Maggie, c, 513 Main St.
17. Roiiinson, Lawrence, c, 174 South St.
17. Riffi (child of Telly), c, Dunlap St.
IS. Rohinsdii, William, Market St. Infirmary.
18. Revnold.v H. S., w.
18. Ross, C., P( abodv Hotel.
18. Reynolds, Mrs. H. S.
18. Runge, Wm.
IS. Robinson, Cheney, c.
18. Ruth, Sister, w.
18. Ruth, Jester, av, Dunlap St.
19. Ryan, Mrs., cor. St. Martin & South Sts.
19. Richardson, John, w, Donahue Place.
20. Ross, John, e, South St.
21. Rice, David, c, 388 Main St.
21. Rester, Jacob, 434 Vance St.
21. Ray, Miss Lizzie, w, 442 Beale St.
22. Robeits, Sarah. \v, Chnn h Home.
22. Rognett. Mrs. Sbiry, av. Old Raleigh R'd.
22. Reynolds, Mrs. Fannie, w. Posten Ave.
22. Reynolds. Frank, w. Posten Ave.
22. Ritter, John, w, 52 Clav St.
22. Robertson, J. D.
22. Redcourl i child).
22. Ransom. Mary, w, Vance & AVnhintSts.
23. Richardson. Lucy, c, Donahue Place.
23. Richardson, c, Memphis & Charleston
R. R.
2.3. Rntter, John.
23. Roper, Miss Lizzie, w, Hernando Road.
2). ■Raiiier, Jlartin, w. City Hospital.
25. Rogson, J. A., w, Horn Lake Road.
26. Roark, Katie.
27. Reilly, Katie, w, Beale St.
27. Rindeis, John, w, cor. Tennessee and
Turlev Sis.
as. Roberts, C, S.. Court St . Infirmary.
28. Redl'ord, M. W.. w, AdumsSt.
28. Ross, Miss Fannie.
29. Roeiiiheld, John.w. 15 Washington St.
29. Robinson, Nora, c, Shelby County,
29. lieid, Walter, w. Cooper Place.
29. Roberts (child), w, near lirewery.
29. Rooch, George, c, Georgia St.
29. Reid, Susan, c, Madison St.
30. Raiicoske. A., w, Citv Hospital.
Oct. 1. Robins. Miss A. JL, \v. Coopi r Place.
3. Robinson, Jane, c, cor. Third ot. and
Walker Ave.
A HISTORY OF THE YELI.OW FEVER.
231
■ \t. 3. Robinson, Willis, c. Walnut St.
3. Rulter, Miss Annie, w.
3. Kuby, Mrs Owen, 74 Jackson St.
3. Riitter, Miss C, v.', Clay St.
6. Reese, Marv, c, Georgia St.
6. Riiyford, Tboraas, Walker Ave.
8. Kestmeyer, Frank, w, Alabama St.
8 Revoy, Lanra, w, Washinfjtou St.
8. Ruttin, Freddie, w. Fort Pickering.
8. Ringer, Lal'.iyetle, w, 40 Excliange St.
8. Restinger, J., Fort Pickering.
9. Roberts, Susan, w, Fort Pickering.
9. Reston, Wm., \v.
9. Randall (son of Henry), c.
9. Rutfln, Joe, w, Gayoso St.
9. Raiii, Susan, c. Causey St.
9. Randolph, Taylor, c.
10 Raggio, MLss Lizzie, w, Raleigh Road.
11. ReTOli. Mrs. Lou., w. Walker Ave.
11. Ryan, Jack, w, Georgia St.
11. Rounds, James, Jr., w, Walker Ave.
11. Restmeyer, Mrs. Fred., w, Alabama St.
12. Revoli, Lizzie, w, Walker Ave.
13. Rossi, John, w, Trigg Ave.
13. Ryan, James, w. Sycamore St.
13. Riitfin, J. B., w, Carolina St.
13. Reinliardt, Dr., w, Jefferson St.
14. Reed, Ross, c, Gaines St.
14. Richardson, John, c. Main St.
15. Rice, John, w. South Jackson St.
1. ">. Ruffin, Marley, w, Carolina St.
IT). Reed, Louisa.
Ifi. Rustin, Mrs., w. Coffee St.
IB. Rustin, Miss, w, Coft'ee St.
17. Roljinson, Clarke, c, lOS Linden St.
19. Richardson, Mattie.
19. Richards, Mollie, w, Raleigh Road.
19. Reidel, Robert, w, Raleigh Road.
21. Redl'ord, Geo. R., w, City Hospital.
22. Richardson, Jane, c, cor. Seventh and
Broadway Sts.
22. Roper, Jam"es. w, Hernando Road.
22. Roocli, Miss Delia, w. Union St.
22. R iwlings, Lou., c, Monroe St.
24. Rawls, Willie.
2. >. Rooch, Miss Lena, w. Union St.
26. Roper, Mrs. M., w, Pleruando Road.
2(>. Rapp, Miss A. R., w, Tliomas Ave.
29. Reiley, Nancy, c, Vance St.
81. Reiney, Caroline J., w, Boulevard.
Nov. 1. Roe, Mrs., w.
.'). K insoni, W. Z.
7. Rivers, Gussie, c, Allen Ave.
14. Reddick, W. L., w.
Aug. l-t. Stewart, Ellen J., w.
13. Stewart, Eliza J., w, Frain's Island.
1.'). Savage, Rosa.
1.5. Saruer, Dr. F.
17. Sclial.scha, Ida, w, Washington St.
17. Sronce, Jake.
17. Smitli, Mrs. Barbara, w.
19. Slielfon, child of Caroline.
21). Sclileimance, Henry.
21. Siie|>lierd, Thomas.' w, Pontotoc St.
21. Sliefley, Joint, w, Moseby Ave.
21. Schnltz, John, w.
22. Sclineider, E., w. City Hospital.
22. Shultz, Henry, w.
22. Scliwab, Antiiony. w.
22. Saunders, Thos. B.
Schlemmer, C. H., w, 2.') Alabama St.
23. Sauter, Charles, w, Mos"by Ave.
23. Shute, Frank, w, City Hospital.
24. Schalscher, Fannie, w, Wasliington St.
21. Stanberg, Charles, 2 Ross Ave.
24. Stranberg, Ernest, w, Ba.ss Ave.
25. Sli'd'-'e, Ciroline, c, 155 Main St.
25. Slielian, Alice, w.
25. Sclialscha, Hannah, w, Washington St.
2G. Sullivan, L. S.
26. Scales, George, c, cor. Auction and Second
Sts.
26. Stanberg, Ed. A., w, 2 Ross Ave.
2i;. Siieplierd Mr . F., w, Linden St.
27. Sliepherd, Lanra, Poplar St.
27. Smith, Ann, e, Allen Ave.
27. Speckernagle, Win., w. Poplar St.
27. Scalley. Jl. E , Louisville, Ky.
2a. Si-haler, Herman, w, Front St.
Aug. 28. Scully, Agnes, w, Moseby Ave.
28. Smith, John, w, City Hospital.
28- Smith, Frank, c, 22 Johnson Ave.
28. Sales, Ellen, c, 86 Winchester St.
29. Stewart, Maggie.
29. Salzeger, H, G.
29. Smitli, John, c, 129 Main St.
29. Seytuour, Joseph, 90 Hill St.
29. Scott, Gei>rge, 173 Jeflerson St.
29. Sipp, Marv, Court St. extended.
29. Stalin, Mrs. Helen, w, Fifth St.
29. Spencei-, Nora, w. Poplar St.
29. Smith, Mrs., w. Pigeon Roost Road.
30. Saunders, Miss Clara, w, Robinson St.
30. Stahlen, J. N., w. Filth St.
30. Shelby, Matt., w. Pigeon Roost Road.
30. Sweeney, Ada, Greenlaw St.
30. Selden, Jim, w, 3 Johnson .Ave.
30. Shipling, Martha, 7 Moseby Ave.
30. Seymour, Monroe, c, 31 Robinson St.
30. Steinell, John, City Hospiuil.
■SO. Solomon, E.
30. Schnltz, Charles.
30. Smith, W. J., Jr., w, Elliott St.
SO. Schafer, Alice O., Overton St.
30. Scullv, Charles.
30. Shipley, Mathias.
81. Samons, Harriet, c, cor. Poplar and Echols
Sts.
31. Sherry, Patrick, w, Winchester Ave.
31. Saunders, Jim, w, Railroad.
31. Stehle. Frank, w, Memphis and Charles-
ton R R.
31. Shea, Thomas, w. Hill St.
31. Stinette, John, w. City Hospital.
Sept. 1. Shuter, Miss Emma, w, Madison St.
1. Saunders, Clara, \v. Main St.
1. Selest, John, c. 111 Poplar St.
1. Shearer, Mary, e, 76 Third St.
1. S inberg. c, cor. Washington and Main Sts.
1. Sheridan, Mary, c. Jackson St.
2. Stevenson, M., Cilv H. .spital.
2. Stanford, Tom, c 95 Madison St.
2. Smith, John, w. City Hospital.
2. Smith, Edward, c,"cor. Orleans and St.
Paul Sts.
2. Steinau, Joseph, w. City Hospital.
2. Sakeford, Charles,- Union Ave.
2. Schneider, Jacob, w, landen St.
2. Shepherd, Annie, e, Jefferson St.
2 Sterla, Frederick, w, Chelsea.
2. Stnrdevant, Mrs., w. Poplar St.
3. Sullivan, M., w. Orphan Asylum.
3 Sohm, Margaret, w, Bass Ave.
3. Stillman, Henry, w, Broadway.
3. Strehl, .Mollie, w, Bass Ave.'
?. Sillivan, Mary, w, 161 Pontotoc St.
3. Steel, 505 Rayburu Ave.
3. Schrider, Jlrs., 188 Linden St.
3. Stetson, Eddie, c, Winchester St.
4. Stnrdevant, Mrs., w, 65 Poplar St.
4. Sliced, Laura, w, 47 HulingSt.
4. Smith, cor. St. Paul and Orleans Sts.
4. Switzer, Mary, w, 108 Vance St.
4. Strong, w, cor. Hernando and Beale Sts.
4. Smith', Hob, Old Raleigh Road.
4. Sullivan, Mrs., w. City Hospital.
4 Sclimnck, Peter, w. Greenwood Ave.
4. Starrelt. .Mrs. F. E., w. Jackson St.
4. Sellers, John, w, L(aiisville, Ky.
4. Sm-th, Martha, c, Jeflerson St.
5. Smith, John, City Hosjiital.
5. Stanley, Mike, City Hospital.
5. Stever," Joseph, 178 Front St.
5. Smith, Martin, l(i3 Jefierson St.
5. Slocum, Ed., c, 209 Hernando St.
5. Shanders. Mrs., w, 46 Orleans St.
5. Straubcr.!, Charles, w, 11 Charleston Ave.
5. Sussete, George, Citv Hospital.
5. Stewart, W. F., w. City Hospital.
.5. Swearinger, E. F., w. City Hospital.
5. Sprausberger, Chas.,w, 11 C harleston Ave.
5. Steel, J. M., W, M. & C. R. R.
.5. Starrett, Eddie, w, Jackson St.
.5. Stewart, Mrs. N. M., w, Country.
5. Slagle, Josephine.
5. Sclicrs, Theresa, w, Louisville, Ky.
5. Smitli, Adeline, c, Monroe St.
D. Smith, Mary, c, Avery St.
232
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
Sept. 0. Schu!ze, A. F., w, Diiiilnp St.
(j. Smith, L., w, Vance St.
1). 8uliivan, Dennis, \v, Ciayoso St.
G- Stron,', Nancy, 113 Beale St.
U Siiniauns, K "becea, c. P ip ar St.
(j. Suift, <'<>i'. TliirJ ami Mn iioe Sts.
(). SUaw, Fannie, c, 17U Vance St.
(i. Snndies, Wm., cor. Vanc^,- & St. Martin Sts.
(j. Spjlhaan, Wm., 1(U Beale St.
(i. S iyles, Lncretia, c, Mi Winehcstcr St.
(). Susetle, George, ( 'ity Hospit.il.
C. Smitli. John, City Huspitil.
6. Stanley, Mike, t.'itv lli'.^pital.
G. Sp 'll.nan, P., Beale St
G. Smith, Sally, c, .leli'jrson St.
G. S|):,v I, M irhn, c.
G- Sa:ili ii-i;-, .lohn, Win 'licsterSt.
7. Si.i'iL^L;, .loan, X.ivy Yanl.
7. S'hnl/,, A (>., \7, .ieller-iiin St.
7. Speers, .Mrs. Elizibelli, w, Alabama St.
7 Stanbji'^, A."tiinr, \v. 11 Ch irl.-ston Ave.
7. S 'vin m;-, Kjbeeca, 0,3/ Robinson St.
7. Sin,; b, Willis, .iG Mala St.
7. II, 1; ivi.l, c, 3 Johnson Ave.
7. S imin IS, ('. H., w, 224 Hernando St.
7. Si,nt!i-y, WMli uu, 132 Beale St.
7. Stick, IMis. \l iri;aret, w, Hernando St,
iS. .Shepherd, B. E.^ \v, I,indenSt.
S. Slerlie, Helen, w, Ross Ave.
8. Sohuler, MoUie, w, Georgia St.
8. Sanona, Emma, \v,
8. Sailth. Ivniua, \v
8. .s^l 'wa-t, Cilvin, w, Cans^-y St.
K. .<m:ia, I'lia.rlcs M,, .Mailiso'n St.
8. Sb v.Mia .\;bert,c, L uulcrdale St.
,s, S ]'-,aiiiia, c, PU .Mus 'by Ave.
■s. Saav, E I., w, Citv llospit il.
8. Sart'lr.uis, X , r. ciiv H .spital.
8. SeUey, Ann, ( 'itv 11 isp;tal.
8. S,>iithern, W'., w.
8. Severson, P. (J., -.v.
U. Sraitli, iMiss B., w, 275 Washinsrton St.
9. Sliigher, A. T., Market St. Infirmary.
9. Soharf, Mi-s , w, Si> -oiia St.
9. Seharf (iufa ili, S aid St.
9. Sara^o, .Io!ui, lis IPaaiando St.
9. Shines, Bettii-, <\ W.alnut Ave.
9. S lylor, Jascp'i, w, B'?ale St.
10. Sweeney, w. Third St.
10. Swc.aicv, .1 II., w, Greenlaw St.
10. Stinsoii, U- s •
10. S UtalaMiachi, Frank, w, Orleans St.
10. J'auij,.uii, .lolui.
10 Si-ni-n, .1, lines.
10. SI, 11 i-. I'rel. C , w, Chelsea.
10. Sbiiinons, L,, \v. La Rosa .St.
10. Saltalamaehi, Frank, w, cor. Orleans and
Vance Sts.
10. Stovall, Mollie, 91 De Soto St.
10. .S-lvin, John, SjcondSt.
10. Sirri'.'s, J. B,. Coop;r Place,
n. Siss, ,Julia. 105 Pe Soto St.
11. Snencer, Caroline.
11. Scherer, H.
11. Sullivan. James J , w. T'nion St.
II. StCL-le, (' L.. \v, r,i;o:i si
11. Stiley, Cbarli-, w. 271 Main St.
11. Sutton, F.innic, c, ilii RiiseSt.
11. Satherley, J,im''s. SalTerans St.
n. Small, Marv, 17(i Spring St.
11. Shaw, .v., c, t:iay St.
11. Sullivan, Mary, Uniim .\ve.
11. Spiiii, Lncv, (lonord St.
11. Salf a-iins, ,rames, e, Chelsea St.
11. Siininons, Mrs., w, Linderdale St.
11. Sutton. Thomas, La Rosa St.
12, Schneider, Kate,
12. Slac!;, Elizi, w, Madison St.
12. Shnttleworth, Alfred, w, Manassas St.
12. Sivan, Mollie.
12. Stanislaus, Sister, w. Market St,
12. Smith, John, \v, Tennessee St.
12. Sullivan, Tom, \v, .500 Main St.
12 Sheelev, Gallins, Dunlap St.
12. Scott, Win,, c, 51 St. Martin St.
12. Samoo, S'G Caiisev .^t.
12. Smith, H., c. City Hospital.
12. Snider, Katie, w, Navy Yard.
13. Stokes, John.
Sept. 13. Sorrv,, Mitchell, 138 Elliott St.
13. Stcw.iit, r. v., w,
13, St' w.irt. s.ir h \V., w, 103 Hernando St.
13. Sin;t:i. 'Iciiiiic.
13, SIM Ui, .y, .buiics, w, Market St. Intirmarv
l:;. ScMijLs, Amanda, c. In Howard Kow,
13. Saiiicb is, sallic, w, cor. Seventh and .Vlii
Pallia sts.
13. Sevier K.
13. Steveiiseii. -William G., w, Dnnlap St.
13. Siniiiiniis, .lulins A., w, Pontotoc St.
13. Slielliv, (ie.iigia, c.
14, Stewart, P. I,., \v, 103 Hernando St.
14. Seais. .1 J., w.
14. f?i-liiller. .b)sr]jliinc, 152 Causey St.
14. Sell' are;-, '1 bulll; s.
14. Scatter, .biliii, ( la' Shclbv & Linden Sts.
14. Stev: iisiai. Ibiiiis. e, 19 Winchester St.
14. Siiylnr, .Mary, u , lieale St.
14, Sutton, Mo, lie, w, cor, Madison and Or-
leans Sis.
14. Shri'.;lit. Minnie, e, cor. Walnut and
V.aliee S|s,
14, Sciiejas, 1 'a ad ford, c, cor. Tennessee and
LiieUai Sis.
14. Small, Ilettie. w. Church Home.
14. Sannili IS. Hannah, c, G Dtinlap St.
14. Sticlil, Sarah R., w. Bass Ave.
14, Smith, M. F.. w, Peyton .\ve.
14, Schneider, Mrs., \v, 'laicUii St.
14. Steinknlil. Iliiiry. w, Bmikvard.
1.3. Schneider, w. laiah n St.
15. Schnmak- r. 1',, w , Sbeihy St, '
15. Sunberry, .Mrs,. \v. ;ii7 .Main St,
15. Selke, ciiarKs. w . Maikel SI. Infirmary.
15. Scott, Fannie, e. A\ ebster St.
15. Scliumaker, Pi iv r, w. 114 Shelby St.
15. Sullivan, .leiry. I'liimi .Vve.
15. Shepherd, IClizi w,
15. Slick, Call, w, l:;3Siaitli St.
15. Shnttleworth, James, w.
15. Schumaker (child of Peter), w, 414 Shelbv
St.
15. Scl'.r.mal^er (child of Peter\ w, 414 Shelbv
St.
16. Shnttleworth., Annie R., w, JIanassas St.
1«. Smith ichildi.
16. Seibi rl, Fenlinand, w, Humboldt Park.
16. Smilh, Sam., w, Tennessee St.
16. Sims, e. p;3 He Soto St.
16. Scoit, .Mr., w, cor. South St. and Ray-
burii Ave.
16. Stanton, Eliza, c. Marshall .Ave.
16. Scepers, Joe, c, Horn Lake Road. ■
16. Saluu-rca. J., w, Raleis;h Road.
16. Sims, Lizzie, c, 303 DeSctoSt.
16. Soiibr, .losepliiiie, vv, Andrew Ave.
16. Sadler, Sarah, w.
16. Saidbnrn, Ellen C, c, Bass Ave.
17. Simmons, Mary, c, 82 rbiy St.
17. Smilh, Dave, w, steamer luiiuinn.
17. Smith, \v. City Hospiial.
17. Slenson, Reese, c, 103 Pi niotoc St.
17. Swfui, .\uruste, \v, ( hiiieli Hi me.
17. Schneider, l oia. w. Linden St.
17. Shaw, James .\., w, lliilinu St
17. Shelton. Mrs. M. A., w, Si.xih St.
17. Schuyler, l;ev.L.S.,w, Court St. Infirmary.
17. Stein'. nlil, Mari;aixt,
18. Shepherd, W. B., w.
18. Shortey, Clara Matilda. w, 62 Peyton Ave.
18. Smiioks, Louis, GieiiiWnod .\ve.
18. Steven.son, Miss Marv T., 32 Dunlap St.
IS. Smith. Charlev.
18. Schlatter, Sani'l, w, City Hospital.
18, Stanloii. Liicv A., c, cor. Filth and Lau-
del-ilale sis'.
IK, Salt ilaiiiaelii. Frank, w, Louisville, Ky
19 Street, Kaniiie, \v, Clinrch Home.
19. Seaiiiicll. Father, w, St., Peter's Church.
19. Swiiit, Lizz e, e, 84 South St.
19. Strain, Mr,, w, Buntyn Station.
19. Sledge. Henry, c, cor., Second St. and
Henry Ave.
19. Selinltz. Fred., Hernando Road.
19. Street, Nannie, w. Church Home.
19. Smith, Josic, w. Second St.
20. Shellev, Henrv.
20, Sims, Andrew, c, Elliott St.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
233
Sept. ■Itl. Seafe, Alex , w, Second St.
20. Sliields, Petei', w, City Hospital.
•20. Stein, Mai y, w, Front St.
20. Salari, Toney, ^\', eor. Alabama and
geventli Sts.
20. Steele, Mr?. C. L.v w, City Hospital.
21. Scully, James H., w, Whichester Ave.
21. Sassamon, Frank, \v, Georgia St.
21. Sliive, W. H., w. City Ho.spilnl.
21. S ilari, cor. Maxwell and Saft'er.ms St.
21. Stevenson, Miss, w, DunlapSt.
21. Stevens, .Julia Ann.
21. Scliallary. Thomas.
^ 21. Sliaildy, 'Margaret, w, near Elmwood.
21. Sledge, Mrs., w, Jackson St.
22. Searafiatta, Joseph, w. Wolf River.
22. Sehuinaker, Mrs. M. G., w, Marley Ave.
22. Schneider, Andrew, w. City Hospital.
22. Saunders, Willie, c, cor. Orleans and
Court Sts. '
23. Sugss, Mrs , c, T j Clay St.
2;!. Smith, Biirrell, c, Chelsea.
23. Spears, Mrs., Jackson St.
23. Settle, Annie, c, (jli La Rosa St.
23. Sherrod, Fred., vv, foot of Jackson St.
23. Salari, F. M , w, cor. Satieraus and Max-
well Sts.
23. Scherer, Mr., w, foot of Jackson St.
23. Sclierrie, Mrs., w. Poplar St.
24. Smith, Patrick, c, cor. Seventh and Broad-
way Sis.
24. Slink, Mrs., w, 1.33 Court St.
24. Smith, J. J., vv, cor. Hernando and
Vance Sts.
34. Sheltou, Mrs. R.W.,w, National Cemetery.
21. Strong, Henry, e, Alabama St.
24. Shnrts, Mrs., w, foot of Jackson St.
24. Steel (child), w, Echols St.
2.1. Stall, August, w, 9 Linden St.
2 1. Schilling, L., w, Georgia St.
2.5. Sanders,' M., c, Central Ave.
26. Smith, H. G., w. Market St. Infirmary.
- 2(i. Sanders, Charley.
26. Smith, Aggie, c, cor. Van Buren and
Washington Sts.
2(i. Schaf_^r, Henrv, w, Raleigh Road.
26. Stewart, Geo,,"c, Wolf River Ferry.
27. Shoemaker, Mr.
27. Sl.ater, Miss Sallie, w, Boulevard.
27. Sauer, Miss Amelia, w.
27. Salirclie, Mr , w, Anders Place.
27. Smith, Mi.ss H , w, Vance St.
28. Schley, F., w, Winchester Ave.
28. Scruggs, Caroline S.
25. Smith, W. C.
29. Smith, Eliza, w. City Hospital.
29. Sauer, Philip Henrv, w.
29. Schilling, Ferd. S.,'w, 12 Adams St.
29. Stokie, Mrs. Annie, w. Main St.
29. Shepherd, Daisy, 21.5 Poplar St.
30. Sauer, Louis.
30. Sutton. Geor.ge W.
30. St /wart. Charles, c.
Oct. 1. Siiigg, Edward, w, Jladison St.
1. Schroedev, Caroline, w, Secoml St.
1. Shjlton, R. W., w. National Cemetery.
1, Shehaii, John, w, Hernando St.
1. Sauer, Ada, w, Jeti'er.xin St.
1. Stratlmaii, Bernard, w, Carolina St.
1. Selineider, Mrs., w, Raleigh Road.
2. Schroeder, H. L., w. Second St.
2. Smith, Nellie, w, Broadwav.
2. Smith (chdd), w, Thomas Ave.
2. Sullivan, Mrs., w. City Hospital.
2. Sciillin, Jim, 65 Unioii St.
3. Saxson, George, w.
3. Sticker (child of T.', c.
4. Stanley. Jno. R., w, McLemore Ave.
/ 5. Slack, Jerry
/ .5. Shaw, Mrs. Katie, w. Hiding St.
5. Strattinan, A., w. Fifth St.
5. Swep, Taylor, c, Mulberrv St.
6. Scott, Tnbmas, c. Chelsea".
6. Smith. Cornelius, c, Stewart Ave.
6. Spun, Mary Ann, w. Woolen Mills.
6. Scnlliu, Patrick, w. Library Building.
6. Smith, Charles.
fi. Siiier, Mrs. Margaret, w, Jefferson St.
6. Strehl, .Mrs. J. A., w, Breedlove Ave.
Oct. 6. Smith, Clara, w, Hernando St.
7. Sample, Dr., w, Camp Joe Williams.
7. Shepherd, Wni., w. Front St.
7. Stovall, Dinah, c, Trigg A\ e.
7. Schmeyer, Edward, w, B^ale St.
7. Stewart, Thomas, w. Elmwood,
8. Settle, Louis, w, 65 La Knsa St.
8. Snelling, C. Jr., w, Winchester Ave.
9 Smith, Bob. c, Bass Ave.
9. Shepherd, Mrs, Jiliniiie.
9. Sherwood. Miss Lena, w, Raleigh Road.
9. Spiegle, Mr.. \v, Bluff Ciiy Grays.
9. Snnih, Philip, w, Vance St.
9. Smith, Angus, w, City Ilo^-pitnl.
9. Seypel, Miss Jliiinic, \v, Wilson Station.
10. Sabrelle, Marv.
10. Sharpe. D.ir.
11. Smith, Rolit., c, Mhoon Ave.
31. Shine, Charlotte, c. Sixth St.
11. Strange, Netia, w, Hernando Road.
11. Sullivan, Jaspar.
12. Slater, Mrs. E. C, w, Boulevard.
12. Sliultz, William, w. Court St.
12. Shoi maker, L. M,, w, I^ii]iiiir St.
14. Stone, James, w, Old Kiileigh Road.
14. Shoemaker, Morris, w, Marley Ave.
14 Smith, Emma, c.
15. Scales, Ellen, e, 38 Third St.
15. Slater, Miss Moll ie, w. Poplar St.
15. Shrover, W. P., w, Latham Ave.
15. Scales, Allie, c, 38 Third SI.
15. Stickers. Elvira, c, Georuia St.
I. 5. Stowe, Mrs., w, Ruleigli Roail.
16. Shields, Viney, c, Selma Railroad.
16. Shields, Chanty, c. Elmwood.
17. Sample, Susan, w, Valentine Ave.
17. Saiipe. Frank, w, Valentine Ave.
19. Siaaiiigs. P. T., w. Goodlelt Station.
20. Smith, Mrs. H. D., w, Siielliy Cimnty.
20. Stome, Ida, w. Church Home.
20. Strange. Tovn, c, Jackson St.
21- Schilling, W. II., w, Georgia St.
21. Strong, Mrs., c. Commerce St.
22. Stewart, Maud, w, Raleigh Road.
22. Stephenson, Nelson, c. City Hospital.
23. Shehan, Jlrs. M., w, Lucy'.^ve.
24. Shrover, Miss Margaret, \v, Latham Ave.
24. Summers, Mrs. Margaret, w, Kcrr.Vvo.
24. Spicer, Jennie, w, Kerr Ave
24. Stanley, Mrs. P. w. Second St.
2.S. Shehan, Mrs, C, w, liayburn Ave.
2.S. Saul, Jacob, w, Market St. Infirina,ry.
29. Smith, Dorcas.
29. Sumiii'is. William, yy.
29. Simms, Mrs, M. L., w, Rozelle Station.
30. Scott, David, cor. Hernando St. & Kerr
Ave.
30. Staeey, G. C, Horn Lake Road.
Nov. 1. Scales, James.
1. Smith, Albert, 126 Pontotoc St.
1. Snell, Albert, w, Beale St.
1. Smith, Alfred, w, Pontotoc St.
1. Sullivan, Nelson, c. City Hospital.
8. Stevenson, Jennie, w, Clay St.
8. Sims, Lewis, w, Kerr Ave.
II. Steinkuhl, C. D., w, Madison St.
11. Siieh in. Kate, w. South St.
13. Sambnsctta, Victoria.
14. Schmidt, Mrs. Susan, w. Seventh St.
Aug. 12, Tail, Jung Yung, w, Jelferson St.
12. Tiudall, C M.
14. Tillman, Rosa,
17. Troinbly. Geo., w, MoseViy Ave.
15. Tafier, Sopliy, Madison St.
18. Thompson, Minerva.
19. Tavlor, W. H., w. Mulberry St.
20. Tiglie, I'etca- A , w. Poplar St.
21. Trig.:-, AlPai, N., Front St.
21. Tracey, Miss Maggie, \v, Hernando Road.
24. Tavlor, John L.,"c, cor. Broadway and
Sixth Sis.
26. Turner, Thomas, w, cor. Court and Or-
leans Sts.
27, Tiirney, Mrs.. 4 High St.
27. Theveat, A., w, cor. Poplar St. & Carroll
Ave.
27. Thorn, Lillie, w, Brinkley Ave.
27. Thomas. Henry, 26 Second St.
27. Taylor, B.
234
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOAV FEVER.
27. Tweedy, Tliomns.
27. Tiillmaii, K. M.
29. Townsend, Caiidos, 203 Monroe St.
2i). Turner, Duiilap St.
29. Tate, David.
29. Tally, Annie, c.
31. Tiiriey, Mike, w. City Hospital.
31. Tiernay, Charles.
Sept. 1. Townsend, Aleck, c, 111 Poplar St.
1. Tilford, M A.
1. Taggert, R. L., w. County Jailer.
1. Tate, Lney A., w, Orleans St.
1. Tinman, Alice, w. Winchester St.
1. Tiensun, Alex., c, Winchester St.
1. Turner, Philis., c.
2. Tavlor, Jennie, c, Goslee St.
2. Thnmel, Adulph, Poplar St.
3. Thomas, Rev. A., 79 Robeson St.
3. Thonip.son, R. A., vv, Wellington St.
3. Trneheart, Susan, c, 5 Auction St.
4. Townsend, Willie, w, 27 Main St.
4. Turner. Vina, c, Pontotoc St.
5. Tighe, Peter A., Jr., w. Poplar St.
5. Thomas, Joe, c, Winchester St.
5. Tighe, James C, w. Poplar St.
6. Tavlor, Mrs. Annie, w, Union St.
6. Tibbs, Johnson, St. Martin St.
6. Townsend, Miss, w, 27 Main St.
6. Thompson, Jerry, c, 73 Lauderdale St.
7. Thomas, Mrs. Caroline, St. Martin St.
7. Thayers, Adolph., w.
7. Thomas, Sallie, c, 93 Alabama St.
7. Turner, Henrietta, c, 38 St. Martin St.
7. Tighe, Samuel, w, Poplar St.
7. Thomas, Hatcli.
7. Thrall, J. C, w, Adams St.
8. TenluU, Mrs. Breton, w. Poplar St.
8. Thompson, Mi-s. Mattie, w.
8. Thompson, Willie, w, Shelby County.
8. Tavlor, Lou., w, cor. Second and Auction
Sts.
9. Tershus, Patrick, Linden St.
9. Townsley, Sam., w, Market St. Infirmary.
9. Tngler, James.
9. Turner, Robert, 259 Union St.
9. Taylor, Nora, w, 13 Main St.
9. Theobus, T. V., w, Madison St.
9. Torrence, Hugh, \v, Poplar St.
9. Towns, Earnest, County Jail.
9. Turner, Edna, w, 167 De Soto St.
11. Thomas, Free, 217 South St.
11. Tavlor, Ciiroline.
11. Turner, Sitllie, c, 299 Union St.
11. TlKuniis IJonnie.
11. Trigg, Marsluill.
11. Tucker, Charles, w, City Hospital.
11. Tonlson, Charles, w, Hernando St.
12. Theveat, Noble.
12. Thomas, Richard, 242Sont^St.
12. Tithian, Hester E., w, Alabama St.
12. Thorne, p;d.
12. Tavlor, James, c.
13. Terry, Jesse, c. Short Third St.
13. Terry, Andv, c, Short Third St.
1.3. The lias, Ida.
13. Theckler, Sister, \v, Poplar St.
13. Theventh, Robert, w, Ruth St.
13. Turner, A., c.
14. Thomas, Hattie.
14. Temps, Willie, w, 179 South St.
14. TJieveat, Bernard, w, cor. Beale St. and
Charleston R. R.
14. Thomps(m, W. B., w, 43 Poplar St.
14. Thompson, A. R., w. Court St.
1.5. Thixton, W. K., w, Bolen Ave.
1.1. Tavlor, Caroline, c, 1078 Alabama St.
Ir,. Treadwell, Gertrude, c, 6.5, Clay St.
15. Thompson, Mrs. Joanna, w, cor, Orleans
& Georgia Sts.
15. Thompson, Tansey, c, City Hospital.
15. Thomas, Viola.
16. Tobiu, .Mrs. Ellen, w, cor. Hernando &
South Sts.
16. Thompson, West, c, Southern Oil Works.
16. Tilion, R., Plank Road.
16. Tnvliir. Joe, City Hospital.
17. Tentnll, Julius, w. 179 .South St.
17. Tiivlor. Kli/.a, 291 Union St.
18. Taylor, Charles, \., 220 Washington St.
Sept. IS. Thomas (infant of Bettiel, c, 8r. De Soto St.
18. Tenlull, Settle, w, 179 South St.
18. Thomas, Renie.
19. Thomas, Joe, c. Front St.
19. Tucker, Francis, w, Raleigh Road.
20. Train, Thomas, w. City Hospital.
21. Thompson, Ann Eliza, c.
22. Tighe, James, w. Poplar St.
23. Tenfnil, Joseph, w, 179.'^outh St.
24. Thompson, ilrs. , w. City Hospital.
25. Thomas, John, c, Riiybnru Ave.
25. Tomeney, Hale, w, Bliss Ave.
25. Tobin, Mike, w. South St.
26. Trezevnnt,S. P.
26. Tufts, Peter T. E., w, 377 Orleans St.
27. Thomas, H., c, 1.51 St. Martin St.
28. Tobyn, Dennis, w, 238 South St.
28. Tomeney, Helen, w, Bass Ave.
28. Taylor, Miss M., c. Concord St.
29. Tate, Jesse M., w, Orleans St.
29. Tate, Wm., w, Poiibir St.
29. Tuerk, Dr., w, 400 Main St.
30. 'I'hixton, Mrs.
Oct. 1. Tines, Esther, w, Seventh St.
1. Taylor, John B., w. Main St.
1. Turnan, Kate, w, Washington St.
3. Taylor, Marshall, w. City Hospital.
3. Thompson, Aggie, w, City Hospital.
4. Taylor, Lucy, w, cor. Walnut & VanceSts.
4. Towers, Joe, c, cor. Front & Van Buren
Sts.
4. Thomas, Miss Pauline, w, Breedlove Ave.
4. Tavlor, Ensley. c. Union St. "
5. Taylor, Swift,' 114 Mulberry St.
5. 'i'omeney, Jlrs. J. 51., w, Bass Ave.
5. Taylor, t). S., w. Central Ave.
5. Taylor. A. W., w. Union St.
5. Thomas, D., c.
0. Tillson, Elizabeth, w. Walker Ave.
7. Taylor, Park, \v. Central Ave.
7. Thomas, Alma, w, Thomas Ave.
7. Turner, Selhy, c, 72 Marshall Ave.
7. Thompson, D. H.,w, MarketSt. Infirmary.
9. Tomeney, j. M , w, Ba.'-s Ave.
9. Tilson, Samuel, w, south gate, Elmwood.
9. Thorpe, Richard, e. South Jackson St.
11. Tyson, Nick, 40 Exchange St.
12. Tillson, F., w. City Hospital.
13. Thornton, Ellen E. W., c, Pigeon Roost
Road.
1.5. Taylor, Jesse, c, Turlev St.
IS. Tavlor, Dave, c, Clav St.
19. Taylor, Preston, \v, Jackson St.
20. Townsend, Joseph, w, Randolph Point.
22. Thomas,Miss Charlotte.w, Breedlove Ave.
25. Turner, Thomas, w. Gill Station.
28. Thompson, Sam'!, w. City Hcspital.
29. Townsend, Miss MoUie, w.
31. Taylor, Preston, c, Beale St.
Nov. 2. Tucker, Mrs. Sallie A., w, Third St., Ft.
Pickering.
1.5. Tavlor, Mary Ann.
1.5. Tavlor, Mrs. Ann E., w. Central Ave.
17. Tnhell, Mrs. C, w. College St.
Aug. 16. Unknown, 163>^ Piiplar St.
17. Unknown man, foot of Trezevant St.
19. Unknown, Raleigh Road.
24. Uuverziigt, Wm., w. Exchange St.
25. Unknown miui, w, 105 Main .''I.
25. Unknown Avoman, alley bet. Monroe and
Maiiison Sts.
26. Unknown man, Poplar St.
27. Upchurch, C. H., w. iss Robinson St.
28. Upchnn-h, Mrs. C. 11., w, iss Robinson St.
30. Unknown, cor. Ponlotoc and De Soto Sts.
31. Unknown, Concord St.
31. Unknown child, c, Coiu't St., extended.
31. Uiikudwii.
Sept. 1. Unknown, Old Raleigh Road.
1. Unkn(iwn man, 51SSlu'lliy St.
2. Unknown man, c. 90 Filth St.
2. UidvUdwn man, c. Library Building.
2. Unknown, Union St.
2. Unknown, room 391) Gayoso Hotel.
2. Unknown, cor. Market and Main Sts.
2. Unknown woman, c, cor. De Soto and
Jfadi.son Sis.
2- Unknown, 108 Vance St.
2. Unknown, City Hospital.
A HISTORY OF TlIK YELLOW riCVKR. 235
Sept. 2. Unknown man, \v, Broadway.
3. Uiii;iii]\vu,
3. IjiiUnowii, liWi-.; Poplar St.
3. Ijiillnown, M-l Poplar .'^t,
4. Unknown wmnaii, \\. Iss Linilcn St.
4. L'nUnoWn cliild, ),ss Viinw .St.
4. IhiUnovvn, LSI Main .<l
4. Unlcnown fliild, fjoutlj St.
4. Unknown man, c, cor. St. Patll and
Orleans Sis.
5. t'nknown boy, Kxchanse St., extended.
5. IJnknown man, w, City Hospital.
6. I'nknown.
B. Unlcnown man, \v.
.^. Unknown, City Hospital.
5. Unknown nmn, IWi .K'tfcrson St.
6. Unknown, I7:i .Ji^lferson St.
5. Unknown man, o, 2011 Hernando St.
5. Unknown 1 1'J jL'lTcr.ron St.
6. Unknown Woman, 12'.) De Soto St.
5. UidvuoWn man, c, 129 Hernando St.
5. Unknown, bnrled by .lames Allen.
6. Unknown, f, 118 Front St
6. Unknown, e, 109 Se<'ond St.
fi. Unknown, It) Howard's How,
6. Unknown man, w, 11 Charleston Railroad.
G. Unknown woman, p, 50 Marshall Ave.
C. Unknown, 449 Hernando Road.
6. Unknown, Front St.
C. Unknown woman, o, cor. JelTerson and
Main Sts.
6. Unknown man, c, cor. Hill and Kobin-
son St.s
6. Unknown woman, w. 173 S nith St.
6. Unknown man, bet. Dunlap and Manas-
sa.s Sts.
C. Unknovvn, cor. Sonth and Hernando Sts.
R. Unknown, JEonroe .St.
6. Unknown, cor. Georgia and Seventh Sts.
6. Uidinown, City Hospital.
6. Unl;noWii, 238 Man.assas St.
7. Unknown, Chelsea St.
7. Unknown, 139 Midisnn St.
7. Unknown, (.'ity Hospital.
7. Unknown, foot of Carolina St.
7. Unknown man, hospital Wugoil.
8. Unknown child.
8. Unknown, la Overton St.
8. Unknown, Conrt St., extended.
8. Unknown (bee raiser), Raleish Road.
8. Unknown man. c, Monroe St.
9. Unknown, 381 Be.ile St.
9. Unknown woman, cor. Vance and Allen
Ave.
9 Unknown man, cor. Elliott St. and Allen
Ave.
9. Unknown, 2.'i0 Wa-sbinston St.
9. Unknown, cor. Hernando and Vance Sts.
9. Unknown. Dickinson's Pla -e.
9. Unknown child, 17(1 Sonth St.
9. Uaknown, 133 Main St.
9. Unknown, 13 .Mulberry St.
9. Unknown, 128 Cans /y St.
9. Uidinown, Raleigh lioad.
9. Unknown, 320 .Main St.
10. .Unknown (hostler). (18 Nfonroc .St.
10. Unknown worn in, MrLemore Ave,
10. Unknown, 21 Beale St.
10. ITuknown, 370 Vance St.
11. Unknown.
11 Unknown.
11. Unknown man. 111 Pontotoc St.
11. I'nknown, I< uiderdale St.
11. Unknown, 12'i Dnnlap St.
11. Unknown, Old Libr.iry Building.
11. Unknown, lii(i De Soto St.
12. Unknown.
12. Unknown, Poplar St.
12. Unknown, :»9 Shelby St.
12. T^nknown woman, ll'O Jlaln St.
12. Unknown, (17 Jefferson St.
12. I'ldcnown woman. 372 Union St,
12. I'nknown man, 189 South St.
12. t^nknown, Breedlove Ave.
12. Unknown, 7.> Clay St.
13. Unknown.
13. Unknown, l'2'i Fifth St.
13. Unknovvn man (in cyrnfleld), Randolph
Koad.
j Sept. 13. Unlcnown mnti, 230 Slain St.
1:1. I'liderwood, Uiles, c.
14. Unknown.
14. Unknown.
14. Unknown, cor. Exchange and Alabama
Sts.
14. Unknown, cor. Exchange and Alabama
Sis.
14. Unknown Child. Chnrch Orphan Heme.
14. .Unknown, city Hospital.
14. Unknown, 32 ; .Jetterson St.
14. Unknown man, 2.8.> Sonth St.
ITi. Unknown, I-indenSt. Infirmary.
1.1. Unknown, cor. Keel and Second Sts.
1. ). Urittl, w.
l(i. Unknown nmn, Hernando Road.
17. Unknown cliilil. CanHi ld Asylum.
17. Unknown, 17 (iholson St.
17. Untnini, i hailcs, w, 80 Hernando St.
17. Unknown.
18, UiikiKiwn, .lohnson Avenue.
18. Unknown, cor. Walnut St. and Pigeon
Itoost Road.
20. Unknown child. Canfleld Asylum.
20. Unknown. City Hospital.
'Jl. Unknown, Bu.ss Ave.
21. Unknown.
22. Unknown.
22. Unknown, Raleish I?ond.
23. I'nknown, Ci(y Hospitnl.
24. Unknown man, b'A Main St.
24. t'nkni.wn.
20. Uid;nown.
27. I'nknown, Ponntv .Tail.
2.8. I'nknown, Ininlap St.
SO. VnklKiwn cliild, Caiifield Asvhim.
30. T'niinown nuin, fooi of Adan'is St.
Oct. 2. Vnknow n I hild, (17 Jctt'erson St.
2. I'nknown I'liikl, Canfield Asylum.
9. Unknown, 24(l,Iohnson Ave.'
10. UnliUown Woman, cor. Broadway and
Sonth ,'^ts.
10. Unknown child, cor. Broadway and
Souih Sts.
14. Unknown, C'ltV Hospital.
Ifi. Unknown child, cor. Mill A- Second Sts.
1(1. Unknown i hdd. Church Home.
Oct. 23. l'id;iiown man, new gas works.
Nov. 1. Ui know n fi male,
Aug. 13 Vac( am, Mrs. Nicoletta.
20. Vainer, .Tohn, 114 Front St.
28. Veh.nica. Sister, w. Third St.
29. Van Hook, .lohn, Citv H()sliilal.
31. Vishljcr, John, (.'ity Hos]>ilal.
31. Vii stiai, Wislcy, 1', Adams St.
Sept. 3. Vincent, Sol , 220 Poj.lar St.
."i. Van Walsh, Hanlel, w. Linden St.
fi. Vogeli, II. J . w. died at Bartlelt.
5, Vogeli, Mrs. H. J., w, died at Uartlelt.
7. Volgi r, Violet.
10. VeUable. Joseph, w, Chelsea.
11. Viiicenlia, Sister, w. Union St.
14. Valier, Thomas, City Hospital.
10. Vanburit, Jolm.
is. Van H.inie, W. C, w, Market St. Infirm-
ary.
15, Virg son. M. W., w, Monroe St.
19. Vanhoostenljerg, Father, w, cor. Third A
Adams sts.
22, Varlev. Thomas, w, Broadway.
22. Violet, Tliomas, w, 70 Broadway.
23,. Viini. Clara C , W.
23,. Valkner, Fred., w, Cily Hospital
2.">. Vanknnze, C A.,w, Market St. Infirmary.
20. Venn. Mary L., w.
28. Valuner, Nicholas.
Oct. 1. Voorliees, C. V., w. Poplar St.
8 Vaccaro. Alonzo, w, 79 Tate St.
21. Vauuhn, Manuel, c, Kerr Ave.
Aug. 12 WIdte, Mrs. Jennie L.
12. W()od, John W.
12. Wilcox, Nancy, c, Washington St.
12. Winston, LucV, c.
14. Wilkins, Sharp, De .Soto St.
14. White, S. M.
10. Waslicr, Haltie.
10. Winters, Kmmet, Raleigh.
10. Walker. Willie, c.
17. Williams, .Marry, 5" Main St.
236
A HISTORY or THE YELLOW FEVER.
Aug. 17. Walker. William, riav St.
18. Woiiil, Wri'.'ht, Main St.
19. WaU;er, Cady, Old Kaloi-h Road.
•Jl. Wiiglit, Kubert .V , w, '.lii Commerce St.
23. Werdt, Cliarlotte, w, 14o Washington St.
23. While, Frank, City Hospital.
23. Washington, Pinkie, c, Beale St.
21. West (inla)it of Angelinel, liil Tnion St.
25. Wills, Walter C, \v, Madison St.
25. Williams, Mrs. S. E., w. Poplar .St.
25. Williams, Miss JIa.tcgie, w. Main St.
25. \Vinters, Thomas, Jr., w, Linden St.
26. Welch, Marv, w.
20. Weiler, LiU'ie, \v, Washington St.
20. Walsh, Ivtitie.
26. Walsli, Lillie.
2e. Walter, C.
26. Wilson, John O., w. City Hospital.
26. Ward, Albert, City Hospital.
26. Welcli, Milce, w. City Hospital.
26. Walsh, John, City Hospital.
26. Winters, Thomas.
26. Warner, Tom, c. Front St.
26. Wa)ide. Albert, w. City Hospital.
27 Wild, Ed., City Hospital.
27. Winston. Charles, 2 Ro5S Ave.
27. Walton, C, w, Madison St.
28. White, Mollie A., Shelby Count.v.
28. Whittleton, Ben., c, Worsliam House.
28. Watson, Dr. K. P., w. Second St.
29. White, (icorgianna.
29. Williams, Biddy, 30 Overton St.
29. Woodsworth, Mrs., 29 Bass Ave.
29. Williams, Katie, c, 129 Poplar St.
29. Walsh, Rev. Martin.
29. Wallace, Elizabeth.
30. Wagner, Mike, w, Poplar St.
30. Woodruff', W. C, w. Main St.
30. West, Jeanette, c, Quinby St.
30. Wood, Louis, c, 35 Main St.
30. Williamson, Fred., c, 35 Third St.
30. Willette, Eliza, Shelby County.
30. William.s, County Jail.
30. West, Anthony, c.
30. Williams, Caroline, c, 79 Poplar St.
31. Wells, Francis, 185 Front St.
31. Woodsworth, Mr., w, B iss Ave.
31. Woodsworth, Mrs., w, Bass Ave.
31. Williams, Nannie, c, 13 Alabama St.
31. Wildberger, John, w.
31. Woeller, L., w, country,
liept. 1. Warren, Jennie, Main St.
1. Washington, Lucy, c. Hill St.
1. Woodward, Mr., iBass Ave.
1. Walker, Alfred, c, 6 Turley St.
1. Wright, Willie, 8 Tiiird St.
1. Wiuford, Thos., Elliott St.
1. Wilson, Mrs. M. M., Poplar St.
2. Widrig, George J., w, Pi.geon Roost Road.
2. Wilson, Mrs. M. M., w. Poplar St.
2. Williams, Ed., w. City Hospital.
2. Wilson, Miss Mollie, il3 Main St.
2. Washington, Charles,c, 303 Washington St.
2. Williams, Charles, c, 197 Jert'erson St.
2. Watkins, Eliza, e, 77 Commerce St.
2. Woodward, A. B., w, 63 Adams St.
2. Walker, Mrs., 6 Third St.
2. Williams, Eddie, c, 15 Bradford St.
2. Watkins, Belle, w, City Hospital.
2. Wright, Poplar St.
2. Weidlau, John, 178 Alabama St.
3. Windling, Frank.
3. White, B.'rtie, w, Peyton Ave.
3. Wildberger, Stella, w, Hernando Road.
3. Wray, John H., w, 442 Beale St.
3. Wiley, W.,w, Memphis & Charleston R. R.
3. Walls, Henry, Madison St.
3. Williams, Mollie. c, 2K North Turley St.
3. Walker, Martha, c, cor. Washington and
High Sts.
3. Whitter, Mary, 108 Vance St.
3. Walsh, John, Randolph Road.
3. Wales, Hannah, c, Madison St.
3. Wood, Lizzie, c, 662 Main St.
4. Walker, George, c, Vance St.
4. Watson, H. (;.
4. Waldron, James, w. 160 Main St.
4. Watkins, Ed., c, 36 Second St.
4. Wallace, Minnie, c, 130 St. Martin St.
Sept. 4. Walker, George, c, cor. Tennessee and
Vance Sts.
4. Wray, Mrs., w. La Salette Academy.
i. Wrttstcm, .losepliine, w. Poplar St."
5. Waldr.m. I'dlly, c. Fourth St.
5. Wiiglit, Tom, 21 E.xciiange St., extended.
5. Williams, Mollie, c, 36 Bradiord St,
5. Williams, Walter, c, 191 .li Heixin St.
5. W illiains, ( aniline, c. Id Uowanl Row.
5. Wilson. .Viulixu , c. 14^ Poplar St.
0. Williams, Dan., c, 1.52 I'oplar St.
5. Weathers, Richard, c. 16:i Jellcrson St.
5. Wjlliaiiis, Lizzie, e, 260 Madison St.
6. Williams, Frank, c, 153 Main St.
6. Williams, Billy, c, cor. Jert'erson and
Third Sts.
0. AVoods, Josephine, 44 Promenade St.
6. Williams, I.oiiis, c, loS Alabama St.
6. Williams, Margaret, alley, bet. Main and
Front Sts.
6. White, Matilda, cor. Wellington and
Union Sts.
0. Walker, Jim, 1C6 Winchester St.
6. Walker, ScoK. c, 345 Court St., extended.
6. Walker, Winiani, c, New Raleigh Road.
7. White, 1). L., w, Si condSt.
7. Williams, Dr. R. B., w, Peabody Hotel.
7. White, W eston.
7. Williams, Edward, e.
7. Wheeler, A. J., w.
7. White, D. F.,192 Second St,
7. Watson, Hernando Road.
7. Windier, Frank, w, 178 Alabama St.
7. Windier. John, w, 178 Alabama St.
7. Wolf, Mrs. Anna, w, Carolina St.
7. W'arnecke, Mrs., )v, Jones Ave.
7. Woh', (ins ave A.,' w, Carolina St.
7. Weiiicli (cliild or Mrs.), w, Dunlap St.
8. Willhait, Miss. w.
8. W'infred. Henry, w. Market St. lufirmarv.
8. Wilson, Henry, 139 Vance St.
8. Wilson, N. II., w. City Hospital.
8, Withe, Mrs. W., w.
8. Woods, Mrs., w, Cily Hospital.
8. W'oodran, Annistead, 22 De Soto St.
8. Wilson, David, o, Monroe St.
8. Walden, Jack, Monroe St.
9. Woods, Zinnie, c.
9. W'tibh, Thomas.
9. Ward, Lillie, w. Market St. Infirmarj,
9. William.s, Annie. Clay St.
9. Williams, Henry, c, 80 De Soto St.
9. Walsh, Thomas, w. Dunlap St.
9. Warnecke, Caroline, w, Jones Ave
9. Windex, Andrew, w, cor. Main aui\ l*cia-
totoc Sts.
9. Westfield, A. G. H., w, Tenr.essee St.
9. Washingion, Boswell. w.2.i7 Monroe St.
9. Wilson, Mrs., w, near Lemon's Place.
9. Wetherington, cor. Tliird and Madison
Sts.
9. Watkins, Ida, c, cor. Main and Georgia
Sts.
9. Williamson, Mr., c, 71 Madison St.
9. Wise, Minor, SalTeidiiS St.
9. 'Washington, U W., c, cor. Mill and Sec-
ond Sts.
9. Wagoner, Second St.
9. Winant, M, , c.
10. White, Robert.
10. White, Lon.,c. Wellington St.
10. White Mary S., w, South St.
10. Wilhelmina, Sister, w, Market St.
10. Walker, Beckie, w. Linden St.
10. Wnite, Ellen.
10. Woodl'all, Henrv.
m. Wilder, Hattie, ioT. Seventh St. and Broad-
• way.
10. Winter (child), cor. Hernando and Vance
Sts.
10. Wilder, Mr.. .35 Second St.
10. Watkins, S., c, Monroe St., extended.
10. Watkins, John,c, Monroe St., extended.
10. Whitfield, Thomas, w. Steamer City oj
Aiigit.<tii.
10. Williams, A.,c, 510 Shelby St.
10. Winston, Laura, c, 148 Beale St.
10. Whitemore, William, c, Shelby County.
10. Winn, Fred., w, Louisville, Ky.
I
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEK. 237
Sept. 10. Wor.shiiir,, Clifford, w, Louisville, Ky.
11. WilUieit. E.. w, JUiiii St.
11. Wiini, Tlie.idiJie F.. w, Beale St.
11. Williams, Nannie H , «. Main St.
11. Wnnberly, A. H., \v, Union St.
11. Wilson, LiHira C.
11. Winters, Ciiarley, c, Avery St.
11. Wilson, .Tames.
11. Wisely, Julia, w. City Hospital.
11. Williams, George, c.'city Hospital.
11. Webb, Nauuie, City Ho.spital.
12. Woeru, Loni.sa.
11. Wind, Charles, e, "Wineliester St.
li White, Peyton Ave.
12. Wilson, Naney.
12. Wilson, W. W., w. Citv Hospital.
12. Woods, Mary, 602 Main St.
12. Walsh, Brid'yet, w, :!4 iNlulberry St.
12. Warring, B., Market St. Infirmary.
12. While, Louisa, w, 113 Orleans St.
12. Williams, H., e. 173 De Soto St.
12. Wells. Alfred, (12 Georgia St.
12. Wright, Henry, w, ISO Johnson Ave.
12. Wadley, Frank, c, Winchester St.
12. Wasehe, Heiirv, w.
13. Woodward, Dr. J. D., w.
13. Wardlaw, David A., w, Howard Infirmary.
13. Wishe, A., w, Jackson St.
13. Williams, w. cur. Seventh & Jackson Sts.
13 Warren, c, 59 Jackson St.
13. Wells, John, w, Cilv Hospital.
13. Webb, Mattie, c, 66 Beale St.
13. Waechter, Charles E., 1S2 Main St.
14. AVilliams, Sarah, c, Walnut St.
14. Walsh, John, w, Madison St.
14. Williams, John, c. S.j Soutli St.
14. Wealey, R., City Hospital.
14. Williams, Ben., c, cor. St. Martin and
Soutli Sts.
14. Warring, H. L. , w. Hunt's Building.
14. White, Donnv.
14. Ward, James C, w, 270 Beale St.
14. Wishe, Mrs, A., w, cor. Sixth and Jackson
Sts.
14. Wiley (child of John).
14. Wasehe, Mrs. Caroline, w.
l."). Worsham, E. R. T., w.
15. Willis, William, w. North Court St.
15. Ward, Horatio J., w.
15. Walsh, Katie, w, Dunlap St.
15. Welsh, William,
15. Winter, Charles, w, Randolph Road.
15. Walker, Annie.
15. Wiley (child of John), c.
15. Wliite, Mary, c. Hernando Road.
15. Wood, Mrs., w, Rocco Alley.
15. Whitemore, James, c, Shelby County.
15. West, J. M., ^\■, Market St. Infirmary.
15. Ward, Marv, on bluff.
II). Waggoner, W. S., 572 Shelby St.
16. Williams, Fred., c, Risk & Johnson's
["■oundry.
16. Walker, Calvin, c, Cow Island Road.
16. Williams, Wash,, c, 167 Second St.
16. Walsh, Andrew, w, IK Stewart Ave.
16. Williams, Sara., c, 217 South St.
16. Whiteside, C, c, 321 Carolina St.
16. White, M., w, South St.
16 Weller, Henrv ('lay, w.
17. Willheit, Adolph, w, 235 Main St.
17 Washington, Millie, c, cor. Alabama St.
and Jones Ave.
17. Williams, George, c, 378 Jlain St.
17. Whiteiaw, James, 150 Broadway.
17. Waggoner, J. H , Sr., 2.52 Tnrley St.
17, Wor^mick, Mrs., w. City Hospital.
17. Walfon, William, w, Rnvliurn Ave.
IK, Wilson, Helen B., w, 392 Main St.
IK. Walker, Isaac.
IK. White, Marv, c, Front St.
IK. Worth, PL, "w. Fifth St.
IK. Weager, Annie, 41 Fifth St.
IK. Williams, Robert E , w, 107 Vance St.
19. Whisou, S., vv, Randolph Road.
19. Walker, Laura, c, Georgia St.
19. Walker. E Idie, o. 172 Vance St.
19. Wilker, John, 42 Causey St.
19. Wilson, Nathan.
19. Ward, Clinton Halst., w.
I Sept. 19. Winson, Mrs., Randolph Road.
20. Walker, George.
•20. Witte, Wilhelni, w, Madis:jn St.
20. 'H'ilsnn, Wood, Georgia St.
20, Worsneck, Josepn, w, Citv Hospital.
20, Williams, Isabel, w, 33 Kutli St.
2(1. W ard, Virginia, c, Wellington St.
21. Williams, Nancy, c, Charleston Ave.
21. Williams, Hatch, c, Adams St.
22. Warnecke, Fritz, w, Jones Ave.
22. Wright, Mrs., w, Librarv Building.
22. Walker, S. F., w, Ralei.si'h.
23. A\'ard, Lillie, w, Leatli Orphan Asvlura.
23. Williams. Sarah (i., foot of Broadvvay.
24 Wright, King, c, Hernando St.
24. AViUiams, Bussey.
24. White, Gottlieb, w, Plietz's G;irden.
24. White, Dr. J. M. S., \v, Main St.
24. Ware, J. H., i^. South St.
2.5. Walsh, Aggie, Gavoso House.
25. Wood, Jonathan, w, 311 Vance St.
25. Weston, Richard, c, Carolina St.
25. Wash, Loonev Switch.
25. Whitford, .Mrs. C. L. , w, Hnling St.
25. Walshe, Martin, w, C'ltv Hospital.
■2.5. Walker, Mrs. M. B., w,"llO Linden St.
25. Wilcox, S. H., w, 79 Madison St.
2.">. Wood, John.
25. Wilson, John.
2.5. Walker, Delia.
2a. Westmiller, Mrs.
25. 'VVebb, George S.
25. Wright, Casper, w, 76 Clay St,
28. Williams, Davie, w. Market St. Infirmarv.
2.8. Williams. Caroline, c, Shelby (.'ouiitv.
28. Winchester, Floy, cor. Alabama and' Kob-
in.sou Sts.
28. Walshe, Dennis, w, Stewart Ave.
28. Wells, Mr., w, Hernando St.
2K. Wilburne. Ned, c, Walnut St.
28. Williams, Mrs. E., c.
29. Wolfe, Mr., w.
29, Whitemore, Mr., Hernando Road.
29. Woods, Martha, c.
29. Wiley, William, Market St. Infirmary.
29. White, Mrs. Julia, c, Pontotoc St.
29. Wilson, Mary Ella, w, Hernando Roail.
30. Woodfold, James, w. Wolf River Feiry.
30. Willard, M. E., w, Hernando Road.
30 Walshe, John, w, Stewart Ave.
30. Whit, Julia, c, 1.".4 Pontotoc St.
Oct. 1. Warner, David E., w, Hernando Road.
2. Williams, James, c, cor. Jackson and Front
Sts.
2. Will, e, Horn Lake Road.
2, Wilson, Mrs., w.
2. Woodfold, B., c, near Elmwood.
4. Whelan, Andrew, w, cor. South and Her-
nando Sts.
4. Wallace, B., c, 70 Poplar St.
4. Webb, William, c, 19 Madison St.
4. Woods, George W., w, Carolina St.
4. Waldron, Elmira.
4. Welch, Charles, w, Gayoso House.
4. William.s, Charles, c, Linden St.
5. Weheren, Annie.
5. Washington. Mrs. E. D., w, Raleigh Road.
5. Williams, Walker, e, Exchange St.
6. \\ hile, Mrs. E. A.
6. Wliipple, Mrs. E. A., ^v, M. & C. R. R.
7, W'illjurne, Jane, c. Jones Ave.
7, Woods, Mrs. W. S., Shelby County.
9. White, M., w, Vance St.
9. Warner, F , w, Valentine Ave.
9. Wright, Mrs. Jessie, w, Jackson St.
10. Winder, FrancLsa, w.
10. Williams. W. T , w, 206 Tennessee St.
10. Williams, Peter, w. President's I.sland.
10. White, Heiiilerson. Carolina St.
11. Wells, Mrs. N, w, Hernfindo St.
11. Waliier, Joshua, Jr., c. Central Point.
II. Woods, Massie, c, Gill's Station.
11. Whitesides, H., w, Carolina St,
12. White, Fannie, c, Unicm Ave.
12. Warrener, Philip, 205 Pop)lar St.
12. Wainer, Carrie, w, Valentine Ave.
12. Wiggin, James, w. Jackson St.
12. W.-il.sh, .lohn, Jr., w, Winchester St.
13. Webb, Macon, w, Vance St.
I
238
A HISTORY OF THE YKLLOW FEVKn.
Oct.
23.
28.
23.
21.
24.
24.
24.
2.'j.
ifi.'
2.S.
29.
29.
29.
31.
Kov. 1.
1.
b.
17.
17.
Williiims. jrrs., r, Sdiith .Jnclcson St.
Wcii.irtliii, DiritlRT. w, MiirkftSt.
\VI)Hi', .Mm tliM, r. Cllllinun .St.
Wlieiitley, P. 11. \v, McLiMiiure Ave.
Webber,' Efhviir l, \v, Monroe St.
Wupperman, A., w, Poplar St.
Wrl'-;lit, A,, «', K.iiulolph Road.
WliiUii'lil, Wm., w, Country.
\\ dodrurt', Andrew, c, Horn Lake Road.
Williams, .lane.
Walsli, Patrii lc. \v. Country.
Wfllman. Ciir.'y. \v, Excluinae St.
Winchester, Louisa, \v, Poplar St.
Wiiiteniore, Charley, c, .letfer.son St.
Wellman, M. C, w, E.xehanire St.
Williams, Chas., w, mouth of Wolf River.
William.s, M. W., \v, month of Wolf River.
Williams, Jane, c. Short Third St.
Williams, Wallaee^w, Court St.
Wellfonn, Scott, e, Court .St.
Weatlierby, William, w. Hernando Road.
Woocis, Emma, \v, LS'i Causey St.
Wood, Mattie C, w, Broadway St.
Wheatley, Hugh, w, McLemore Ave.
Weaver, Sam.
Wright, Hardin.
Williams, Emma, w.
White, Raymond.
Ware, J. N , w, Orleans St.
W'ard, S. J., w, Moseby Ave.
W'illiams, Addie, c, Turley St.
Nov.
IR.
20.
21.
Sept.
oO.
4.
*i.
H.
9.
12.
]:■..
13.
13.
13.
17.
22.
2(i.
29.
Oct.
2.
]:..
21.
28.
Aug.
1.-).
Sept.
G.
1.1.
].}.
Oct.
5.
Wnsrhe, Louise, w.
Whl[ ord, Mrs, A. S.. w, Horn Lake Road.
Wilson, ,Iohn, Third St.
WalUer, Melinda, c.
Wilson, Henrleita, o, JIain St.
Young, Ed., e. 124 PoiilarSt.
Young, Fainiie, 17 Second St,
Yates, Frank, Raleigh Road.
Young, M.. c, iio De Soto .St.
Younger, Addie, e, 6."i Gayoso St.
Young, Annie, W, 13r) Cuiisey St.
Yancey, Lou., w, Mndi.son St.
Young, Tliomn.s, w. Citv Hospital.
Yates, Esther, c, iri9 (iavoso.'^t.
York, Will. Q., w, 3 Tr. /.evantSt.
York, F. P., w, 3 Trezi'vant St.
Youii'i, Thomas, w. City Hospital.
Yearger. Walter.
Yonkcrs, Mrs., \y, Bass Ave.
Yi ager. Tillie.
Young, .Tohn, w, Randolph Road.
Yegge, Louis, w. Front St.
Yerby, A. N , w, Horn Lake Road.
Zanna, Mary E.
Zoanne, lia)>tiste, w, Grant St.
Z inmerman, Sojiliy. w, Gayoso House.
Zimmerman, w. Gayoso House.
Zoycr, Tillie, w. Ma'rley Ave.
Zanona, Mary X.. Pigeon Roost Road.
Zeliring (child of Jolinj, \v, Slielby St.
CITIZENS OF MEMPHIS WHO DIED ABROAD,
The following list embraces? the n.tmes of citizens of Memphis who died while refugees from
home during the epidemic, the dates of whose death we have been unable to obtain ;
Armstrong, .T. S., Covington, Tenn.
Alexander, Mrs.. Frayser'a Station, Tenn.
Albert. Jfr., River, Teini.
Atkinson, .-V. C., lialeigh, Tenn.
Baker, Mrs. Mattie R., Capersville, Tenn.
Belcher, Crabtree. Tusenrabia, Ala.
Cunningham, .JauK'S, Brownsville, Tenn.
Conrad, J. W.. S.)merville, Tenn.
Clayton, Ed., (^ornersville, Tenn.
Carhpbell, D. C, Hernando, Miss.
Carter, Miss M A., Cedar Grove, Tenn.
Coleman, Willie, Raleigh. Tenn.
Coleman, Maggie, Raleigh, Tenn.
Callihan, Ned., County, Tenn.
Cunningham, Mrs. H., Brownsville, Tenn.
Cl-are, Posey, Raleigh, Tenn.
Clare, Mrs. Posey, Raleigh, Tenn.
Dixon, Hon. L. V.. Abingdon, Va.
Drury, W. C, McKenzie, Tenn.
Dixon, James, Raleigh, Tenn.
Kcjrd, J. B., Hernando, Miss.
Flaherty, .lames, Hernando, Misa.
Flaherty, .\Iis<, Ilern uido, Miss.
FVayser (child of R D ), SomerviUe, Tenn.
Feldstadt, .lohn, Hernando, Miss.
Forbes, Charles, river.
Graham, Miss Blanche, Lookout Mountain.
Graham, Lira B.. Cincinnati. O.
Groves, Robert, Humboldt, Tenn.
trreen, John A., country.
Hickey, James, Raleigh, Tenn.
liarry, Capt., River. Tenn.
Halner, Nancy C, Raleigh, Tenn.
Hallows, Joseph, Country, Tenn.
llenuiug. T.. Wythe D -pot, Tenn.
Hooks, Mrs. H. "C, Brownsville, Tenn.
Hobson, Dr. H. R., Murfreesboro, Tenn,
Henniug. E. IC, Wythe Depot, Tenn.
Hill, W. P.. Cherry Station. Tenn.
H.irder, Miss Elleii, Hernando, Mlsa.
Harder, Miss Aniue, Hernando, Miss,
Haack, Julius, Hernando, Miss.
Havs. A. J., Eailev's Station, Miss.
Haskell, Mr., Cincinnati, O.
Hutchinson, Mrs. Ida F., McKenzie, Tenn.
Iglaner, L.. Cincinnati, 0.
JeHerson, Mrs, M. 8., Fayette Co., Tenn.
Kortrecht, Hon. Charles, Bartlett, Tenn,
Kenden, Mr., Raleigh, Tenn.
Liiigrecn, Mr., Raleigh, Tenn.
Leidy, Eugene, Jr., Holly Springs, Miss.
Lewis, John E., Hernando, Miss.
Loewenthall, L , Raleigh, Tenn.
Lowell, S.am., Raleigh, Tenn.
Maury. J., Louisville, Ky.
Moore, H. J., Germantown, Tenn.
Moon. Miss Mollie B., Logrange, Tenn.
Moore, Lloyd, Hernando, Miss.
Maury, Miss Mary, Hernando, Miss.
McNees, Mrs. Sarah, Hernando, Miss.
Morris, Mrs. John, Rossville, Tenn.
Moon, NeKon, Horn Lake, MLss.
McKeon, John E., Raleigh, Tenn,
McClanniihan, J., Raleigh, Tenn.
Moore, F,d., river.
Pleitz, William, Cincinnati, O,
Pettus, L. 0., Brownsville, Tenn.
Pillow, Gen. Gideon J., Philliiis County, Ark.
Ritter, Mrs A. E., Louisville, Ky.
Ri'inig, Cif.sar, Raleigh, Tenn.
Reiiiig, ^^rs. C, Raleigh, Tenn.
Reed, Ben.. .Somervilie, Tenn.
Ringwald. Stella, Cedar Grove. Tenn.
Ralston, Sarah A., Raleigh. Tenn.
Ralston, W. Walter, Raleigh, Tenn.
Resney. Owen. Raleigh, Tenn.
Stewart, C, Young, Hernando, Mls.s.
Stewart, Mrs S, M., Hernando, Miss.
Stewart, Butler P.. Hernando, Misa.
S ■iillv, R., Louisville, Kv.
.Scudder, C. D.. luka. Miss.
Siefker, Mi.ss .\lena, Hernando, Miss.
Sneed, Arthur, Buntvn, Tenn.
Scruggs, Hon. P. T., Buntyn, Tenn.
A HISTORY OF TITR YET.I.OW FEVER.
239
S. merville, R. B., Mason, Tcnn.
.SiuidersuM, John, river.
.Sullivan, Miss, Raleigh, Tcnii.
Sniilli, Henry, Raleigh, Tenn.
^niilli, Mrs , "Raleigh, Tenn.
Taylor, Mary E., Raleigh, Tenn.
wriliams, .1. P., Grenada, Miss.
Wi'.sson, Walter, Trezevant, Tenn.
Wil^u'^, .Jesse P., l-agrange, Tenii.
\Vulsi(in, John, Germaiitown, Tenn.
Weaver, J. B., fX'dar Grove, Teiui.
Weaver, Mrs. J. B., Cedar Grove, Tenn.
Weljb, Mrs., Somerville, Tenn.
While, James M., Leighton. .\la.
Willett, J. H., St. honis, Mo.
Woodward, A., St. Lonis, Mo.
Walker, W J., St. Louis, Mo.
Wliite, M., Milan, Tenn.
Woods, J. K., Grenada, Mi.ss.
Woods, Mrs. Carrie N, ilernando. Miss.
Walker, S. 1<\, Rixleigh, Tenn.
Winters, Emmet, Raleigh, Miss.
Vallentine, C. O., New Jensey.
Vondran, Peter, Hernandi), iMiss.
Vondran, Mrs. Peter, Henuindo, Miss.
TENNESSEE.
BarllPtt.
Ward, H. J.
Weaver, J. B.
Weaver, Mrs. J. B.
'.'arter, Mis-^
(traves, Mrs. J.
Le Fere, P. A.
.Sleidger, Fritz.
I' liaion, Miss Hattie.
Hill, Nancy.
Williams, Fatinie.
Voegele, Mrs. H. J.
Voegeie, H. J.
Kingwald, Miss Stella.
Forgev, John W.
Wright, A. L,
King, James.
Dinicau, Mr.
.Mefjiiu'ivn. Alfred,
'^'lionias, James.
Tate, Mary.
Bell's Depot.
Hunter, Dr. John.
Parker, John.
Bethel Springs.
Yarbo, J. J.
Bolitar.
Coleman, A. A.
<'«leman, Lizzie.
€liattanooga.
Austin, J. A.
-Vdcock, Joe.
/Vckerman. Miss Hattie.
.\iicil, John.
-Viioil, Mi-s.
liiitler. Mi's. Margaret.
Butler, Robert.
Butler, William.
Bi.spliiiglioff, Chas.
Bnrke. James.
Burke, Mrs. James.
Bell, Mrs.
Bel!, Miss W. M.
Bell, Wm. M.
Baird, Dr. E. M.
Barr, Dr. R. X.
Birr, G. N.
Burlchart. Rosa.
Bosley, Wm.
Brown, Mrs.
Brenner, Rev. G. H.
Bean, Annie.
Burge, Mrs. Mary.
Hurge, Vincent.
Burge, Wm.
Curry, C. W.
Carlisle, Hon. Thos. J.
Conley, Mrs. Nancy.
Conley, Harry.
Cash, John.
Chamberlain, Mrs.Delia.
Chamberlain, Mrs. M. C.
16
I Chamberlain, Miss C(
t'orev, Joseph.
Corey, Mrs. S. H.
Connelly, Mrs.
Calder, Mrs, J.
Crandell, Jlrs. Delia.
Carlin, D. B.
Drake, Miss Ethel.
Dietz, Mrs. Oswald.
Erwin, Wm.
Ewing, W. J.
Farmer, Mi.ss Sallie.
Farmer, Miss Kate.
Flemniiiig, Mrs. Pat.
Goldstein, S.
Goodwin, W. G.
Griffin, Arthur.
Gleason, Oscar.
Graham, Miss.
Ciledhill, G. H.
Harder, Mrs. Mary.
Hartman, L.
Hartman^ .Margaret.
Hartman, John.
Hartman, Mrs. J.
Hartman, Thomas.
Hartman, J. H.
Henly, Mrs. Lena.
Harau, Mrs. Mary.
Hiinnieutt, Mrs.
Hunnicutt, Walter.
Hall, Mrs. Sarah.
Ffammel, Albert.
Harkncss, C. D.
Jones, Ed. J.
Jones, E. L.
Jennings, J. B.
Kaufman, Mi-s.
Kenny, Mrs. Julia.
Kenny, Jessie,
Kiesle, Charles.
Kiesle, Ed.
Legras, Edward.
Lumpkins, Thos.
j Movie, Mrs.
; Matin, John.
I McAfee. J. A.
I Mcintosh, R,
j Marsh, Howard.
Miller, Jessie.
Merricke, Albert.
[ Morgan, W. T.
; Morgan, Eliza.
Maloney, Pat.
McMillin, Daniel.
McMahon, John.
O'Donnell, Mrs.
O'Neal, John.
O'Neal, Mary.
Price, Mattie.
Price. Maggie.
Perryman, Reuben.
Parham, A. K.
Parker, John.
Ragsdale, B. F.
Rjigsdale, Mrs B. F.
Robinson, Ed. H.
Ryan, Father P.
Ro.se, Porter.
Keclor, K. S.
Singleton, Thos.
Singleton, Harry.
Singleton, Mrs. Mary.
Singleton, Mrs. Thos.
Sclinciilinan, Jacob.
Schueidman, Sue.
Scbneldnian. Louisa.
Saltcrs, John.
Sweeney, Mary,
Sriileissinger, E.
S^chiiee, Geo.
Stanliekl (child),
.'^taiilield, Fannie.
Snllivan, John J.
l^avage, Henry.
Scheveir, Henry.
Schevcir.'Matt."
Swortbrd, Ed.
Slewart.
Stewart, Mrs. E.
Spencer. Mrs.
Schwalzenburg, Mrs.
Tabler, John.
Tally, Hugh.
I'nderhill, W. D.
Varillo, John.
Warren, Kate.
Warner, Andrew.
Weiiinecate, Chas.
Weinaike, Andrew.
Wilkenson, Mrs. P. A.
Wiltze, Ralph.
Whiles 137
Colored 56
Total r.)3
C'ollierville.
Bowman, M. R.
Bowman, Mrs. M. R
Manguin, S. D.
Mangiim, Mrs. S. D.
Person, Jiminv.
Webb, Mrs. P. A.
Webb, Miss Willie.
Jones, Fall.
Perkins, Dr. P. A.
Perkins, Mrs. P. A.
Madi.son, Cliarles.
Raymond, Cliarles.
McEhvee, Charles.
I M(d';iwee, S. J.
I Leon, Mrs.
Hayes, Mrs. G.
Haves, Mr. G.
Scott, G. W.
Lake, Mi-s. Sam'l.
Davis, Mayor G. H.
Estes, T. L.
Bovd, Mrs.
Ho'lland. A. J.
l\<iger.-. Harry.
I Rogers, Miss Flora.
JolULSon, Peter.
I Harris, ,J. T.
Galvin, Mrs. John.
COLORED.
Branch, Oliver.
Hatch, Love.
Porter, L. .\.
Zach.
Logan.
Bonner, Joseph.
Ross, Elbert.
Owens, Thomas.
Coviiijifton.
Wiseman, W. J.
F.i-in.
Bradlev, Mis. L.
<irigsby. Dr. J. P.
Hnmplirev, C. S.
Nichols, W. B.
Reviiolds, J. H.
Rushing, R. \V.
Staiifield, M. M.
Simpson, (i. W.
Stanticld, Mrs. M. M.
Stanfield, Mr.s.
Stanlield, Mr,
Stanfield, M. M.
Frayser's station.
Alexander, JIis.
Caraway, Mis>.
Erskine, (ieo.
Pipe, O. H.
Watkiiis. James.
Young, John.
<»a<ls<Ien.
Cornatzar, CJeo. M , Jr.
Finder, Win, F.
Richardson, ('apt.
Saunders, R.
Smith, Julia.
OallOH a.v.
Amos, Mrs.
(ireer, Nannie,
i Hodges, J. W., Jr.
I Hodges, Lovie.
Humblette, Mrs.
I Moore, Mrs.
I Perkins, Mr.s.
, Tarry, Dr. Thomas H.
I Gardner's Slalioii.
Scobey, Mrs.
(iierBnatil<i>vii.
Allen, Miss Nellie.
Blister, J. C
Carpenter, Sidney.
Carpenter. Sidnev. Jr.
' Clark, S. C.
240
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
Clark, Mrs. S. C.
Edmonson, Jilltn.
Gorman, James.
Gorman, Nellie.
Hnrt, B. F.
Hurt, Mrs. B. F.
Hnrt, W. S.
Hurt, Julian.
Hurt, Robert Lee.
Hurt, Tlios.
Johnson, Jennie.
Kelly, Bettie.
]Mallock, Mrs. Carrie V.
McKay, Dr. K. il.
Miller, Mrs. W. E.
Jliller, Laura W.
Jliller, V. K.
Moore, H. J.
Mooremun, Randall, col.
Neal's two cliildreu.
O'Neil, Wm.
O'Neil, Mary.
Rogers, J. H.
Rhodes, L. A.
Rhodes, Mrs. Cornelia.
Reneau, Sallie E.
Rainev, Lee B.
Roberts, J. S.
Robinson, America, col.
Shepard, Sallie B.
Spivev, Jack, col.
St. Clair, Dr.
Simmons, Rev. R. S.
Simmons, Mrs. R. S.
Simmons, Matlie Lou.
AValston, Jolm C.
Walker, Sallie W.
Oill'N Station.
Pullen, Mrs. Ben. K.
Gi-nixl Junction.
Boyd, Hilliard.
Ball, C. W.
Bellew, Mrs. R. \V.
Bass, W. W.
Bledsoe, Mrs. Mary.
Brook, Sam.
Brook, Henry.
Beaty, Dr. J. H.-
CuUigan, Julia.
Clampett, Robert.
Clampett, Mrs, Mollie.
Clampett, Harris.
Clampett, Chalmer.
Campbell (child of Mrs.)
Fiannery, Dennis.
Flamiery, Mrs. Dennis.
Flanuery, Mary.
Hewitt, Miss.
Hawkins, Prank.
Hagard, N. P.
Haves, Bettie.
Handy, C. G.
Jenkins,, Mrs. Susan.
Jones, F.
Jones, Thos. E.
Loyce, George,
lyavinder, Frank.
Lavinder, Harry.
Laviuder, Jasper.
Moore, Miss M. B.
Milam, R. P.
Netherland, James, Jr.
Netlierland, Parviu.
Owens, N. J.
Owens, Mrs.
Owens, Mrs. N. J.
Patterson, N. S.
Patterson, Smith.
Patterson, Mrs. Virginia.
Prewitt, C. V.
Prewitt, Earnest.
Prewitt, Dr. N. W.
Prewitt, Miss Niuinie.
Prewitt, Dr. J. H.
Prewitt, Mrs. J. H.
Prewitt, s, E., Jr.
Prewitt, Mis. Mary.
Prewitt, May.
Stinson, Mis. A.
Stiiison, Miss Eugene.
Stiii.'-un. A, F.
stinsiiii, Samuel.
Stiiisiiii. < 'iiarles.
Siiiitli, .\lr.s. M.
Smith, Beauregard.
Swanii, Booker.
Tucker, Mary.
Tucker, Susie.
Thompson, Ella.
Thompson, Evan.
'I'liompson, Albert.
Woods, W. J.
Woods, Mollie.
Woods, Annie.
Woods, Willie.
Woods, Katie.
Woods, James.
Unknown, 3.
IIiiiitiiD^dlon.
Simpson, Mrs. James R.
jracUson.
Hadaway, James.
Rearilon", Mrs.
Wilson, Andrew.
Mason.
Brannon, Yonng.
Lannahan, John.
Nicholson, R. G.
Parish, Mrs.
Parish, Ella.
Pippcn, Henn'.
Pippen (child of).
Rice, Rev. Dr.
Spane, Tliomas.
Somerville, Col. R. B.
Sturdevant, A. J.
Sturdevant, Mrs. Peter.
Sturdevant, Miss.
Sturdevant, N.
Unknown, 6 col.
IHcKciizie.
Branch, W. P.
Crutchfield, J. H.
Cartis, C.
Moscow.
Allen, Mrs. B.
Allen. Emma.
Allen, Bertha.
Cowan, John.
Cowan (infant of J. S. R.)
Calaway, Marshall.
DeAniiion. Mrs. Dennie.
Epp, Mrs. Wm.
Epp, Mrs. E. A.
Epp, Fred.
Epp, Tealey.
Franchman", A.
Goley, Fred.
H:izlewood, T. B.
Hill, Dr. J. S.
Kite. Mrs Lucy, col.
Lavton, Willie.
Lay ton, W. J.
Layton, Mrs M. C.
Marsh, Ed. (col. nurse).
Mans, Mrs. H.
McConnel, Mrs. C. W.
Morris, Edward, col.
Oharro.
O'Harel, Jlichael.
Smith, John.
Steger, Jack S.
Steger, Mrs. E. A.
Stover, Mis. R. B.
Stover, Mattie.
Stover, jMiss Deiniie.
Simmons, Mi^s Nannie.
Siminons, .Miss Ainue.
Storm, Fritz.
Staun, Hairy.
Sturm, James.
Smitli,Dealey,infant,col.
Thomas, Geo.
Thompson, J., infant, col.
Wade, Sidiiev Y.
Wliite, Mrs. R. B.
White, Mrs. K.
Wiieeler, Dr. J. M.
Wright, Lucy.
M II r f r eeskoro.
Hopson, Dr. IL R., of
Memphis.
Hicks, Dr. at Memphis).
Xasliville.
Atkins, Mrs.
Eastman, John XT.
Haggard, Wm.
Laurent. Emile C.
Loonev, Wm. Z.
Martin, Mrs. M. P.
iNfaurey, Edward.
McGaughey.
Sheelz, H. C.
Thompson, N. B.
Nubbin Ridge.
Walker, Thos. J.
Paris.
Arnold, Mr.
Beeler, J. H.
Carroll, Ed.
Chester, Price, col.
Ernest. Mrs.
Foley, Pat.
Kendall, Alf., col.
Lewis, W. J.
Layton.
Law ton, Mr.
Milam, Dr. E, E.
Nance, J. W.
Steed, W. H.
Tedro, Mrs., col.
Tedro, J. H., col.
Tedro (child of Mrs.), col.
Warren, E. F.
Williams, Emma, col.
Rnlcigrh.
Cleere. Emma V.
Cleere, Mrs. W. P.
Goodman.
Gear, Dosea.
Heiner, Mrs.
King, Amanda.
Lembnrg.
Newberg.
Ringwaid, Jesse.
Ralston, James.
Ralston, Walter.
Shovenall, Mrs.
Shovenall, Miss Lena.
Taylor, Miss Mollie.
Kossvalle.
Gwynn, W. H.
Graves. Jlrs. P.
Graves, Alonzo, Jr.
Graves, Mr. A. P.
Morris, Mrs. John.
Warr, Amerlcus V., Jr,
Siielby Depot.
Stewart, J. R.
Sacket!, Eddie.
Sackett, Walter.
Somerville.
Plummer. Capt. P. B.
Bowers, Mr.
Bowers. Miss Annie.
Weatherby. Wm.
Wcatlierby, James.
Webb, Mrs.
Small, F. T.
Gilliam. W. A.
Hiihsoii, Dr.
Lattiu, Miss.
Wiiiva. Mis.
Pulliam, (ieo.
Olbreeht, Mrs.
Scruggs, Amy.
Etta, .Mr.
Eartharn, E. J.
Calieler, L. F.
Bowei>. Mrs.
Coiiiad. Mr.
Plummer, Mrs. P. B.
Sell war. Rev. M.
Scliwar (child of Rev. M)
Gilliam, Jlr.
Bowles, Mr.
Lattin, Jno. T.
Freeman. Jno.
Priveite, D. H.
Moore, Knox.
Cabeler, Mrs.
Howell Rev. Mr.
Pulliam, Jiihus,
Greeuwav, W. W.
Ford, Dr. E, C.
Harris, Dr. E. W.
COLORED.
Humphreys, Eliza.
Jones, Robert.
Unknown boy.
Ross, Serena.
Jones (child of V.),
Jones (child of B.).
Halloway, Esther.
Williamson, Spencer.
Reed, Benj.
Herndon, Jno.
Reed, Jane.
Cloyd, Rose.
Eraser, Henry,
Shaw, Henry.
Williamson, Alice.
Taylor, Wash.
Berry, Mrs. Gus.
Cabeler, Zach.
Jackson, E.
Union City.
Curlin, Amos.
Willistoii.
Black, L. M.
Bryals, Thomas.
Crawfore, W. M.
Crawford, W. M.
Dobbins. Dr. A. M. C.
Garvin, Dr. Joe G.
Garvin, R. W.
Koonce, R. M.
Wilson, John, Sr.
Wilson, Joe.
Walker, Jake H.
Withe nepot.
League, W. H.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
241
Tennessee. — Brownsville.
Owen, H.
Heard, Stephen, col.
Mclutdsh, Mrs.
Lee, ElUora.
Bailey, Ben., col.
Unknown white man,
i'liknown eol'd woman.
Huglies, Frank.
Uoran (cliild of Mr.).
Pettns, L. O.
Mcintosh, Mrs.
(fordon, .liimes.
Bennett, Major \V, K.
Williiuns, .Mrs.
Youni?, .\le.K, ,Jr,
Younn, JIartlia.
Hill, Mrs. .1. E.
Miller, Ferdinand,
Bradford, Miles.
Reynick, A. C.
Logan, John.
Osbenchain, J. T.
Osley (boy), col.
Beard, Mrs , col.
Butts (child of A.).
Dunlap (child of Sue).
Caldwell, Mrs. John.
Scott, R H.
Williams, Vina.
Wills, Dr. W. T.
Tomlin (child of G. M.).
Pleitz, Willie.
Pleitz, Mr.
Westbrook, Col. W. Iv'ie,
Walker, James, col.
Bvrtim T. G.
Drennan, Mrs. E. C,
Turner, Elder.
Ililyer, Et\.
Martin, Tliomas.
Martin, Mrs.
Martin, iMiss Tillie.
Keatlv, Mrs.
MrBriile, Charles.
\\'oo(.ls, Pat.
McFarland, Mrs.
Kavner, June.
Taiixit, Willis.
Si'Vier, Peter.
(.'Iiandler, Mr.s.
Hawkins, Miss Emeline.
Ware, Dr. John J.
Turner, Mrs. Harriet.
JleBride. Mrs. S. F.
Turner, Miss Harriet.
Kiley, John.
Wood Emma.
Haskins, Gns., Jr.
Wood, Spencer R.
Haskins, Mrs. Gus.
Byars, Billy, col.
(t'untlaeh, Mrs.
Wills, Alfred, col.
Warrington. W. H.
Whitelaw, Richard.
Ware, Miss Maria.
lOdwaiTls, B. F.
Jones, Jacob.
Caldwell, Miss Jessie.
McFarlaud, Miss Kate.
Moses (child of John).
'■'(Jrove, Cog.
Klice, A. J.
Selig, Simou.
T'nknown col'd m.an.
Ilemlerson, Julia.
T'nkiiown col'd woman.
Oldham, Charles.
Cuthbert, E, B.
Bond, Jeff.
Dunlap, Eugene.
Jackson, Miss Florence.
Keeley, James.
Cunningham, Mrs. Anna.
Lane, J. W., col.
Thomas, Ed., col.
Townsley, Sam, col.
Winston, Ed , col.
Heatheoek, Mrs.
McDonald, Carrie.
Beard, Henry, col.
Beard, Mr., col.
Ashe, John J.
Kendall, Anthony.
Callumn, Jas. Dick.
Howell, Miss May Belle.
Mann, Mr.s. Joel.
Pressly, Mr.
Goss, Horace.
HoUjrook, M. V.
Bond, Hon. Lewis.
Moses. Nancy.
Lewlin Henry.
Mann, Eliza, eol.
Willis, Wesley.
Beard (child of Stephen).
Graham, ('has.
German, Henry.
Boss, R G.
Beard, Eliza.
Oljenchain, Mrs. J. T.
McBride, Mrs.
Kinney, D. M.
I nknown col'd woman.
Taylor (child of Joe.).
I'ldniown col'd wom.m.
Young, Alex.
Unknown while man.
Aldridge (child of Mr.).
Unknown colored man.
I'nknown col'd woman.
Sturdevant, Mrs.
Pearson, Reed.
Clark, George.
Rogers, Gid., col.
Starks, Henry.
Haskins (infant of Gns.).
Walker, Man.son, col.
I'lietz, Mrs. and son.
(iiintlach. Dr.
Drennan, E. C.
Bond (child of Mira),
col.
Hammons, Lewis, col.
Sherman, Dock.
Russell, Win. C.
Reeves, (child of Mr.)
Logan, John.
Smith, J. C.
Aldricli (child of J. B.).
••'In a delirium, after being deserted by his nurse, turned the lamp over, set the house on tire, and
was himself burned to death.
242 A HISTOKY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
II.
Mississippi. — Vicksburg.
Murphy, Thomas.
]5iyan, Henry N.
Mc'Callum, .lames,
Townseiid, Franklin.
i:toltz, P.iul.
Thompson, T. J.
Kiitigan, Frances.
Levins, John,
.lones, Fanny.
Baurdo, Frank.
Sagona, Frank.
.\rnoloi, Mr.
(Jonway, Mrs. Bridget,
(loiiway, Joseph
<iiovanini, Dominlco
Burns, James.
Woman, unknown.
Shelby, Howard.
.Murpiiy. Geo.
Conlan", Chas.
Ha\irdo, Mamie.
Sehwink, L. T.
Stangel, .las.
(ierard, Ellis.
H uirdo, Mrs.
ffebhanr, Maggie.
Ellis, \V. J.
Ivnntz, Louis.
I^yneh, Mary.
.Sagona, Peter,
(iuy, Geo.
Marrian, J.
( 'on way, J.
Kaufman, A.
Man, unknown.
Allen, Minnie.
Fowler, G.
I'iercc, Katie M.
Bnrd, G. M.
Stutz, Frank.
Delaney, Michael.
Lehrins, Chas.
i-iiuvanini, Mrs.
(iibbs, C. H.
Fleming, \V. S.
IIunlehan.T.
Ro2she, Lizzie.
I'elton, Mrs.
liussell, W. R.
BAurdo, Chas.
Burrell, Mattie.
Francis, Amelia.
Klein, Frank H.
Hayes, James.
Smoker, John.
Morrow, David.
Golden, Jas.
Wintield, Morris.
Downs, Rose.
Bertoni, A. A.
Brown, Annie.
Weyer, John.
Petro, Felice.
Kellar, Louis.
Wright, Anderson.
W'elsh, Mrs. E. A.
Bahb, Marv L.
Brooke, Frank T.
Sehwink, Jacob L.
Savard, Chas.
.fohnson, Mrs. J. E.
Dohler, C. E.
liussell, Mrs. J.
Johnson, Annie.
Russell, G. A.
H;gleston, Robt. E.
Foley, Margaret J.
Cooper, Belle.
Rivers, Mary.
Mullen, Nicholas.
Ryan, Mary.
Italian, unknown.
Fisher, Frank C.
Devlin, Chas.
Roberson, Bettie.
Thrift, Mrs. Elizabeth.
Vocinkle, Louisa.
Anter, Wm. M.
Roost, Caroline.
Bowen, J, J. .
Kennedy, David P.
Allen, Thos.
Berry, Geo.
Guise, Thos.
Kendall, Thos.
Hundermonk, .\llce V.
We.<t, Mrs.
West, J. H.
West, JL C.
Green, Pompey.
Bodine, John.
North, W. V.
McManus, M.
Davis, Annie.
Porter, Wm.
McCoy. Mollie.
Barnett, Miss Addie.
Brown, M.
McKenna, .\nnie.
MclCenna, Hugh.
M;iri>na, Joseph.
Moltedo, Tarnatore.
Cioss. JIaliso.
lirown, Harrv.
Stubble, A. M.
Schiller, M. M.
Frainor, Thos.
Gomes, Antoine.
Dixon; Lizzie.
Sims, Robt.
Gerard, Lummie.
Simons, A.
Duggan, C. F.
Han ley. Isaac.
McNamara, M.
Enlow, Clarence.
Haines, T.
Williams, Bettie.
I'^egilno, Jos.
Pagans, Ike.
Tvler, Scott.
Methua, J. S.
Spengler, Willie.
Mason, Luke.
Coleman, Sam.
Haines, Willie.
Thornton, E.
Iloman, Geo.
Ivalmbach, K
Meyer, Maurice.
Jones, Joe.
Ware, P. A.
Martihant, Daniel J.
Cooper, J. A.
Hardwiek, Fred.
Huener, Ida S.
Rice. W H.
Middleton, A. H.
Mi(idlelon, Margaret.
White, Mrs.
Davis, Annie.
Tinney, J. T.
Manlove, A. R
Salley, C.
Blanchard, J. S.
Harlan, Gustave.
Arther, Louisa.
Mathias, Maggie.
Fishback, Calvin.
Williams, Henry,
Walsh, R.
Davis, D.
Zimmerman, Jake.
Ferguson, J. F.
Whitehead, Dr. P. Y.
Miles, Wm.
Ward, Martha.
Cokman, Frank.
Roach, John D.
Karney, John.
Horn, Miss Mary L.
Carter, Charles L.
Hnndermarl;, Robt. A.
Anderson, R.
Graham, Hannah.
Langford, R.
Entcl, Mary.
Duffner, Miss Lena.
Schmidt, Louisa.
Vincends, Arthur.
McCleiidon, Miss JIatJie.
Leofold, Maggie M.
Hennesy, Chas.
Wheat, Susie.
Dunbar, Fay.
Whitehead, John.
Moon.
Parker, .A.nnie.
Craw l( ird .Miss Margaret.
Fitz|i;i trick, Mi.ss Marv A.
McElroy, Mi.ss Martha.
Wilson, Lucy.
Hubbard, Philip.
Carr, John.
Levie, J. R.
Pellrin, C.
McHenry, W.
Adams, Green.
Williams, Sarah.
McKenna, Louisa.
Stewart, Augustus.
Caldwell, Sarah.
Tindall, R.
Grant, Sister Mary Regis.
Bnrlz.
Fends. Mrs. Ann.
Ryan, Mrs. Edward.
Metzlcr, Thos., Jr.
Unknown.
Fitzpatrick, J. C.
Cullen, John.
Rose, Clias. M.
Guscio, Louisa M.
Carter, Fulton.
Ciark, Emma.
Burns, Geo.
l\Ict;rady, W. L.
Hancs, iEJettie S.
Fitzpatrick, Thos.
Parvangher, C.
Benson, R. C.
Carroll, Mary.
Edwards, Albert.
Roost, Jacob.
Murpliy. Jerr)-.
Melvaney, E.
Brown, Dolly.
Walnisley, Francis P.
Jacobson, M.
Murray, Sister Mary Ber-
nadine.
Fields, Sam.
Mosvel, E.
Potts, Mrs. S. C.
Robinson, Isaac.
Child.
Zncker, Mrs. Gnssie.
Dardinnac, J. B. P,
Harri.son, W. S.
Camillo, N.
McGintv, G. W.
Diggs, Robt.
Wallace, Mary.
Brown, Rev. CaUnn.
Perry, Martha E.
Margneritz, E.
Glass. Nancy.
Burns, Peter,
Wilson, J. C.
Jlorton, Richard,
Orris, ilary F.
Lassell, Mrs. Minnie.
Guscio, Pcler W.
Connors, E. F.
Rose, Walter C.
Brown, H. F,
Shorter, D.
Davis, Frank.
Shields, D. A.
Chaml)ers, Rov.al,
Thorn ten, Luke.
Jones, Oscar.
Atwood, Lizzie,
McCann, John,
Smarr, J. W.
Crayton, Emma,
Miller, Fred.
Mas<in, Mary.
Jloore, J.
.McField, J.
Coleman, D.
Lavius, Wm. B,
Sally, C.
Conway, Jas.
Simpson, John.
Lowenberg, Abe,
Haining, S. M.
McCoy. Hngh.
Hudson, Justice.
Schnlcr, Rosa E.
Warrington, Jas.
Conklin, Mrs. C.
Ferrell, Wm.
French, Robt.
Brown, Minty.
Moore, Jas.
Hannelia, Antoine.
Lawrence, Henry,
Fousse. Carrie,
.\uter, Jo.sie.
Berg, Alfred,
Murphv, Letitia.
Frank, Eddie.
Duffner, Ella,
Di.xie, Mollie,
Burke, A.
Delanev, Josephine,
Slarks, H.
Maloy, Belle Lee.
Sappiiigton, Dr.
Carter, E.
Porterfield, Jeff,
McGrnth, Sister Mary
Colnmba.
Frank, Matthew.
Johnson, Thomas,
Gallagher, Katie,
Harmcm, Dave.
Wilson, R.
I Ihke, John,
Hubbard, J. W.
Mitchell, James,
Donaldson, Sam,
Donaldson, Jim.
j Johnson, Antonia.
I McKenna, James.
I Smillii, John.
O'Rourke, W. H.
Arnold, Maggie X..
Mahin, Joseph,
Johnson, Lucy.
Revnolds, James.
Kendall, Chas. T.
Dyke, Virginia^
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVKU.
24:5
Graff. J. TT.
Rebay, Mrs. E.
Maberry, Saraii.
Green, Bell,
(•(ilemaii, L'lnr.i.
French, Hiriim.
Fishback, Josephine.
Whermau, Ott.>
■VVherra m, Lizzie.
Bridge, Geo.
T.ilfe, ('has. F.
O'Connor, Miss Mary.
GriiLStead, VVm.
Stringer. Abe.
Harrison. Edward.
Ge.iry, Mi s Mary.
Potts, Dr.
Blichfeldt, Dr.
Glowery. Primas.
Owens, Frankie.
Ejling, Albert.
Yerger, Julia.
Walker, Thos. B.
MeMellan, MissMag3:e.
Gully, D. A.
Wagner, I
PUimp, Mary.
Briscoe, Mary,
(trammer, Mrs. Ella.
Harris, John.
.Saunders, Katie.
Oiirter, Piicebe,
Brown, John.
Riishell.
JpoUte, P.
Haiiiing, Miss Minnie.
Holmes, Willie.
1) irvrart.Floi ence Anna.
Sharp, ('lias. P.
Moodv. Kva J(.
Kothschild. Eddie.
Aiignste, Miss Virghii.u
Dulfuer, Hattie.
Scott, Harriett
Kankius, Orelia.
Aritold, Geo. VV.
Wood, G. V.
Carr, C. M.
McCleudoii, Matt,
Gr.iff, J. W.
Wilson, Roliert.
Kellogg, C. W.
Jamison, J. IX
Me(Jitire, K. E.
Jones, Thos, H.
Dyer, Olirer.
Edwards, Thoma-s.
11 wis, Margaret.
Morris, l'"'ranlv,
Doyle, Nellie.
Hainiiig, Mrs.
Harrison, Mrs. C. B.
James, F. B.
Eiigle, Nat.
Jihiison. W.
Thcmipkins, La Rue C.
Johnson, J,)hu.
Muh-ihill, Miss Bridget.
Gmnon, Wm.
.Swaff.ird, Le Grand.
MiiUeu, Miss .\I itti ■.
Edwards. Fr.'em<tn.
Maiiroe, Daisy.
Walnisley, Julia A.
Dalloy. Sister Mary Goii-
z ig.L
Sterling, Sandy.
McMorrow. John.
H lining, Katie.
Shelliday, Sauford.
West. Clotilda.
Morrison. Elizi J.
Hossley, Josephine M.
O'Siilli'van, I).
Haiies, Florence A.
Vitola, Rev. John.
Flowerree. Conway.
Gannon, (5eo.
Marble, Robert.
Sallev, Lelia.
McCiibe, Miss Ella.
Thomas, G. M.
North, (feo. M.
L 'Wis, H. E.. Jr.
Hoggatt, Philip.
Sniiih, Matilda.
Boswell, Mary E.
Ryan, Edward.
Biake, Anthony.
.Vnderson, James.
('hii]iraan.
Uigby, Thos. H. W.
Green, Jim,
Porter. Calvin.
Vincents, Gramilla.
Brown, Jennie,
Angustin ', John.
Russell, Jolin.
B iltoii, Henry.
Green, Charlotte L.
' Ilaiiie.s, Lewis H.
Williams. Carter.
Credon, Mrs.
Bitterman, Miss Annie.
Rivinae, Pierre.
Rebay, George.
Snow", John.
Sliaw, r. (;.
E Irington, W. H.
.Masscngale, E l.
Bi-id-es, Mrs. M. A.
Marble, E. V.
Walmsle.v, Geo. S., Jr.
Jingles, A.
B_'resforii, James.
I'ridges, A. L.
Cully, Mrs, M. A.
I Maun, Lelia.
Di;usliell, Philip.
.Smith. James.
<-'ox, .fames B.
Austi u, Poladore.
D.'iii irchi, Thomas.
Wood, Annie M.
Ilasie, Clias.
Ouffiier, Lena.
Bonizio, Carniinio,
Thompson, Rev. JefF.
Jingles, Marv.
Mitchell, Frank.
-lohiison, Stephen.
Geary,
Jfunroc, John W.
J.icksoii, Violet
Golden, Mike.
Brady, Taylor.
Vand uiburg, Mary A.
'< Gearv, Morris.
Wolfe, Miss Mary J. F.
Jone.s, W. R
H.immoud, Wm.
I Hunt, Noriuiii.
Laughliii, 'I'erreiiee.
(Jhat.iui, John.
Russell, W.
Allen. Marv.
Marcus, Violet.
D,'nnett, A. VV.
Scott, Sim.
I Shepp ird. Elizi.
Huuer, Ida W.
laicett, Catherine.
Mendel, Herman.
Sehendal, Marcus.
Bingham, Clias.
Cox. Snsnn.
Harris. Kate.
Schemlal, Maurice.
Anderson, Ja.mes.
B icon, Mrs. Mattie E-
Drnshell, Minnie.
Blackmail, Dr. M.
Hammett, E. H.
Bacon. Arthur N.
Williams. Sam.
Terrell. H"iirietta.
Arnold. William (J.
Walker, Fred.
Kalml>acli. R.
Powell, Bessie K.
Powell, Henry.
Dixon, Irwin.
Spengler, (.lliarles C.
Grey, Lizzie.
Bogle, Barney.
Marks, Gus, 12.
Woods, Mrs. Sophia W.
Mendel, Minnie.
Lewis, .James.
Davenport, Isham.
Jaeksou, James R.
Fate, Housi(Hi.
Collins, P.itrick.
Davison, E. B.
King, Jolm.
King, Lafayette.
Weyer, Josi'ph.
Cre'cey, Julia.
Zollinger, Alois.
Hapholdt, Dr.
Worthey, B.
Minor, Betsy.
Floyil, Annie.
Ranm, Augusta.
Jordan, B. N.
Owens, Charl(>s.
Willingham, Ellen,
Bacon, Willis J,
Gray, .Mrs. E. L.
Hassell. Samuel J.
Winbusli, Lncelia.
Brackett, ,l(>lin W.
Haven, Sopliia.
Feibleinan, Jo.seph.
Latcher Barbara E.
Sehaffer, Louis.
Yerger, George S.
.reiinev.
Porterlield, Floyd.
Siiead, Horace H.
C^ox, George C.
Cook, Levie.
Goldlierg, Mrs. C.
Love, Frank E.
Benner, Lieut H. H.
Tilitz. Helen.
Bobb. .\iitouia G.
Grifliu, John.
LniToix. Miss Carrie.
DaltcHi, J. M,
Liugblin, Mike,
Smith, Percy,
Graves, Louisa.
Hall, Will. H,
Curran, Julia.
Miles, Freddie B.
Augustii.s, Clayton.
Steele, Sam.
Dorse v, Delia.
Hill, R, J.
Hall, Edwin B.
K:dd. Virginia.
Cox, Jlilchell.
Hogg itt Stacey A.
Katzeiimier, Jacob L.
Rang >m.
Smith. Ida.
(Jilland. Dr. Lewis.
Peale, Marv lielle.
Willis, Capt E. B.
Eilwards, G. W.
Line, N V.. Jr.
O Neal. Edward.
Meyer. Mary E.
Brown. A lex. V.
La Katzeiimier, Mamie.
Jacobs. E.
Hammett, Bessie S.
Tinknown white nnn.
( '(irkerii. Major J. B.
Smith, .Vda .\.
Lahen, John.
.Saaguinetti, Charles.
Wall, John M.
O'Hara. Clara J.
Richarils, Andrew
Smith, Marshall.
Conway, Moses.
Corkerii, Mrs. J. B.
Lawreni e. Mrs. Marv E.
Hillvard, Mead.
Tucker, B. O.
.loiies, Mi.ss Henrietta.
Howard, Halsie.
('uuninghaiu. James.
Filzgerald.Mrs..Ieiiiiie X.
G Neal linfaul of M.).
Raney, James P.
Biickiey, Sandy.
Kaiiard', Martin.
Alexsoii, C.
Smith, Tom.
Lewis, Frank.
Armstead, William.
Mossiiiger, Mis.s.
Careon. Nora
Kabii, !>;imuel.
Thomas, Belle.
Hughes, Mary,
Cooley, Mrs., and two
children.
Fitzgerald, Clifton.
M;uinell, John.
Heflinger, George.
Alenlice, Joseph.
(Jraff, Mary E.
Brown. Mrs. Fannie.
Tanner, Miss.Sa!Iie L.
Tanner, Miss Annie R.
Rivinae, Cornelia.
Owens, Bessie.
Snow. Robert,
Piiilz, Will.
Hi'uegaii, Patrick.
Martin, .liiines.
Golden, Willie.
Spengler. Joseph.
English, James.
Dntfiier, Bernard.
Lambert, Mrs. Cyrille.
Leiniani, Rose.
Ragaii, Mi.'is Rosanna. .
Harris, Mi>;. F. J.
Aiken, Mary.
Ri.dey, Bill.
T.iylor, Henry.
Monroe. L.
William.s, Lewis.
( Vileman. Emeline.
Smith. Mattie.
Canieron. Angus.
Itiedell, Mrs.
Wadswiirth. Miss Clara,
(ioodrieli, F. W.
.^chiller. W. J.
Moli iiinis, Annie.
\\'aison.
Mct'alte, Miss Aunie.
Lewis, Frank C.
Sutherland. Clias.
Fairchild. Wm. A.
Da^'idson, John .V.
Duifey, Andrew.
Pierce. Faiiiiv.
Rotlischild, Albert.
Moorehead, .Sandy.
Kezer, A R.
Baggctt, T. M.
Washington, Fannie.
Clark.
K e:ii. Mary C.
.Mitchell. W.
Jackson. Henry.
Thomas, Mack.
■Vdams.
ruknown colored man.
Wertz. Jlrs.
Fort, L.
Jenkins, Lucinda.
Hene.ssv. Marv.
O'Neal, Patrick.
Young, John.
Matox, Thomas.
Cook, Henry W.
Flowers, Fred. L.
Hedrick, A. W.
244
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEK.
Klein, Annie M.
King, Willie M.
Onsley, Melissa.
Frank, Rosa.
Henne.ssev, Maggie.
Russell, Thos. C.
(-'oUins, Rosalie.
Toohey, Mary.
Morgan. Annie L.
lioss, Albert.
Turner, Louis.
Vandeuberg, Jlinnie L.
B iswell. Jame.s J.
Meyer, Isadore.
Roekwood, Win. M.
Reede, Chas.
(;ook, Lucy W.
Potts, H.
(.'ameron, Mrs.
Roacli, Dr. J. S.
B.'imett.
Dugan, Albert.
.Sehlottman, (lias. B.
Augustine, Mr.s.
Harris, Milton.
MoClenon, Mattie.
Marcus, Jolm.
JIarcus, Hannah.
O'Brien, Benny.
Green, Minnie.
Weaver, Sister Agnes.
Kingspight.
Drushell, Philip.
Taylor, Bettie.
Jlount, Stephen E.
Williauis, Lou.
KUich, John.
Neal, J. A.
AVasliington, G. C.
Schendal, Mrs.
Sagona, John.
Sehendal, Minnie.
Hennessey, Kate.
(Joldeii, John.
Dohler, Richard M.
Black, D. R.
cl.-u-k, IClisha.
Siddlcr, L,
Fcelau, Wm. J.
Geary, Willie.
Kultz, Thos.
Stith, Oscar N.
Willingham, Matt.
Davenport. 0. F.
Zollinger, Valentine.
Reynolds, Chas. M.
Brown, Marks.
Taylor, Zack.
Jingles, Robt.
Susm in, Julius.
Ford, Jiiss Laura.
Puueky, Mrs. Mary M.
Mayer, Isadore.
W'iiliams, Carrie.
Fox, James J.
McGiunis, James.
Butler, Alex. M.
Jurdau, Mrs. M. L.
O'Leary, Ignatius.
Mendle, Israel.
McGinty, W. J.
Scanneil, John M.
Flowers, Albert A.
Weatheriv, Willie.
Dwight, C. W.
Smitli, Marv A.
Schiller, Daniel.
Jones, Robert.
Scheiid.il. Bertha.
Adams, Mrs. R. C.
O'Neal, N.
Moore, Maigie.
Wesi-h ■, Hennan.
Evans. Mrs M. A. R.
Russell. Mrs. (.! irrie T.
Miller. Henry A.
Genella, Oscar F.
P 'oples, W. H.
A'.c.Kander, A.
Sokolosky, Wolf.
Holmes, Joe.
Sutbrocker, Antoinc.
Boweu, John.
Litcher. John.
Devlin, Chas.
Kauth, Michael.
Brown, Geo. F.
Duval, Emma.
French, Mrs. Fann;e V.
Stevens, .Samuel.
Walsh, Jas. J.
McNamara, Thos.
King, Alex. E.
Hirsh, Henry.
Marks, R.
Demarclii. Angelo.
Tucker, Lillie.
Walker. Jno.
Ryan, Sallie L.
Johnson. Frank.
Fox, Philip.
O'Brien, Tim.
Guutz, Peter.
Clary, Cecelia.
Schmidt, Adam.
Black, A.
Williams, R.
Travers, Katie.
McCabe, Michael.
Folz, Sam.
Allen, Marv.
Burrell, Mrs. M. A.
Robinson, J. A.
Spillaiue. Juo.
Parlen, M. G.
Parker, Chas.
Jones, C. E.
Pieroni.
Ponito, Vito.
McEver. J. N.
Unknown man.
Bryant. Lewis.
Thomas, Stella.
Jones, C.
Elliott, Geo.
Moore, Daniel.
Dexter, Geo.
Walters, Mrs. Margaret.
Owens, Thos.
Brown, Bruce.
King, Albert.
Haves, Mary E.
Little, Willie K
Lamkin, Mary.
Neely, Rosa.
Smith, W. H.
Davis, Kate.
Schwartz, L.
Parker, Albert.
Miller, E. H.
Page, A.
Semple, Jas.
Coakley, Mary.
Thomas, S.
Williams, Mattie.
Tucker, Henry.
Grav, H.
Hardy, J.
Mvei'S, Sallie.
Tiifuiii, Ida.
B<ioth, Dr. D. W.
Huteheson, Geo. W., Jr.,
Searles, E. H.
Cambridge, R.
Rylie. M.
Wehrman, G.
Curtis, C.
White, Joseph.
Schumacher, Beni.
Whitehead, C.
Hill, M. .M. C.
Dickson, Sallie.
Dent, Frank, Jr.
Wilson, M. A.
Kinnev, Patrick.
Owen,"H.
Winston, Juo.
Carter, Geo.
Gloeson, Jno.
Gordon, G.
Quinu. Thus. R.
Sneelau. W. F.
Strong, Wash,
l-iassell, S.
Hir.scli, Leon.
Barber. Dr. L. R
Myers, H.
Jones, J.
Freeman. Lizzie B.
Wehrman, .Mrs. M.
Noland, Tlios.
Fisher, L.
Bradley, Patrick.
Ross, S.
Moore, Hattie.
Reynolds, Matt".
Hennegan, C. P.
Allen, J. P.
McGuire, Mollie.
Spengler. .\lbert.
Doyle, Bridget.
Ryan, Annie L.
Sperry, Henry.
Stringer, Jno.
Simpson, Alfred.
Walters, C.
Conners, M.
King. Henry E.
Murphv, Jerrv.
Bottcher, Fred.
Eggleston, .lohn F.
Toohey, P. J.
Keller, E.
Fitzpatriek, Annie E.
Miller, Jno.
Bursley, A. A.
Netherland. M. E.
Bowman, Mrs R. H.,
Clements, W. H.
Podesia, .Angelo.
Neville, MoUie.
Watt, Helen.
Ransom, S.
Jenkins, Julia.
Hueiier, Wm. W.
Rouen, Pete.
Perrv, Lizzie.
Mitchell, Robt.
Gant, E.
Winstiin, Brown,
Crump, David.
Nason, Henry.
Casli. Lit.
Rutlev, Harrv.
Tlieller, Cecelia.
Johnson, Jlary.
Feno. Dr.
O'Doniiell, Martin.
O'Brien, Jerry.
Travis, Mrs. Ann.
Lamb, Patrick.
McManus, Father J, H.
Ilainiug, Louisa.
White, Maggie.
Bradley. Charles.
Parmer. Jno.
Box, i. P.
McKenna, Mrs. Delia.
Gillan, Hugh.
Morrow, Delia.
Nathan, C. H.
Burt, Masgie.
Jolley, J. W.
Aiex.nider, Jliss Jessie.
Doll, Joseph E.
Camillo, Mis. B. C.
Woodruff, J. W.
Clark, Ellen.
Joixlan, E.
C;ooper, Milton.
Rice, Lee.
James, Henry.
Moore, Geo.
Roe. Philip.
Scott, Wm.
Jackson, Wm.
Scott, Clariuda.
Clayer. Chas.
Grav, Sanih.
Alvis, J. W.
Rosenthal, Ralph.
Codv, Honora.
Kvle, David.
Ellis, A. K.
Harris, Maigaret D.
Butcher, Wm.
Boswell, C. S.
Methua, A.
Lafayette.
C'askey, A. B.
Giljson.
Baum, Bettie.
Dougherty, Mary E.
Russell, Calvin.
Peacock.
Box (infant of Mrs.).
Meny, Henry.
Roost, Caroline.
Lirgot, Jacob.
Kelly, Jno.
Roost, Rosaline.
Cass, Lewis.
Keary, Martin.
Dayinond, Emma.
Read, Francis.
Rooks, Mamie.
Moore, W. G., Jr.
Tvargosky, Delia.
Cnrringlon, H.
Wheat, Albert.
Mack, Charlotte.
Jackson, Wm.
Cash, Wm.
Roeshe, Chas.
McDonald, W.
Jones, Jim.
lirowii, J. C.
Powder, S.
Geary, Jas. ^Y.
Lewis, C.
Butler. Katie.
Mays, Robert.
Thomas, John.
Reifl, Burrell.
Goldon, James.
Norris, Dr. J. B.
Colovan, Chas.
Knight, Mrs. C. C.
Warren Coiin<y.
Collier, Miss Bettie.
Collier, James.
Collier, Miss Alice.
Trindle, Eola Maud.
Trindle, Wm. Geo.
Trindle, Margaret Belle.
Axelson, Miss Agnes.
Axelson, Cornelius.
Axelson, Henry P.
Standard, Mr,s.'M!irv.
SUindard, Mrs. Millie.
McHam,S. W.
McHam. G. B.
McHam, Mrs. S. H,
McHam. Miss H. G.
Ryan, Mrs.
Ryan.
Solomon, Morris.
Loyd, Wm.
Loyd, Sophie.
Loyd, Freddie.
LoVd, Miss Annie.
Loyd, Albert, Jr.
Warnaph, C. A.
Beall, Miss Bettie.
Gibson, Miss Katie.
Gibson, Miss Emma.
Wosterberg.
Kline, Mrs. Patience.
Nailor, Mrs. D. B.
Kline, Ninion E. , Jr.
Vickstron, Larson.
Holl, Lewis.
Oberg, A.
Mouelte, Mr.s. Sallie.
Mouctte, Miss Annie K.
A HISTOKY OF THE YEI.LOW FEVER.
245
Jfonette, Gibson.
Larson, C. A.
Pettit, Mrs. Sophia.
Moiiette, Dr. Win. E.
]'>atherstnii, Mrs. M. E.
Fcatlierstnii, \Vesley.
Fcatlierstun, Miss Laura
Featherstun, .Vliliie.
FeatliLTStuii, Willie.
KuiKk'U, Miss A. A.
Cleland, W. B.
rielanci, Bobic.
Billiiinslea, Jlrs. Sarah.
BiiUocI;, Win.
Will;iiis. Jont'S.
Jolinston, Joe.
Johnston, Mrs. Joe.
Johnston, Miss Annie.
Tavlor, DicU.
Taylor, Eddie.
Tribble, George A.
Tribble, Mrs. George A.
Gotthelf, Dr B. H.
Gotthelf, Morris IL
Hlrealy, Miss.
Strealy, Jerry.
Davis, Bin.
Davis, Mrs. Ben.
Davis, Judge.
Keller, .Sally.
Oalis, Jaurdie.
Oitis, Addison.
Oatis, Leslie.
Oatis, Warren.
Oatis, Laura.
Oatis, Amanda.
Oatis, Fannie.
Oatis, Willis.
Ferguson, Laura.
Obrien, Jlr.
Obrien (son of Jlr.).
Finch, Mrs. J. W.
Biglow, Milton.
Chapel, Robert W.
Meyer, Isidore,
Cameron. A. G.
Cameron, Benny.
Fox, L. Cameron.
Roberts, Mrs. •
Mcliinis, J. A.
Mclniiis, Mrs. Laura,
Mctiiiiis, Mary Belle."
I'owell, Aleck B.
I'owell, Clareni'e.
Kewman, Augustus.
Isewman, Mrs. Sallie.
Newman, Mr.s. Dr. J. C.
]5rabston, Mrs. C. N.
Binisong, Dr. Geo. T.
Dart, Mrs. Ben.
D.irt, Julius.
Cook, Maj. J. Reese.
Willis, Capt. E. Bryant.
Shannon, Louis N.
Marvin.
Nesmitb, Dr. Wm. J.
Edward.s, Mi.ss Matilda.
Wall, S. B.
Spears, Willie.
Weaver, Mrs.
Lanier, Lawrence.
Brooks, Aaron C.
Holt (child of Mrs.).
Loreb, Adolph.
B iker, H.
King, L.
King. John.
Cusiiinan, W. R.
Cnsliniaii, W. A.
Ciisliiiian, C. B.
Ciisliman, Mrs. jr., and
two children,
Keiriall, Mrs, JI, E,,and
child.
Ciishman, Mrs. W. R.,
and cliild.
Clark, Jlrs. D. W.
Four children of Jlrs.
James Higgins. I
Jones, Mrs. J. C.
Ketzeiimier, J. L.
.Martz. Mr.
JIartz, Jlrs.
Wcrtz, Mr., and two
children.
E( I wards, B. T.
ICiIwanls, Miss JIutilda.
\\:ih\, S. W.
Staiiilard, Jlrs. Jessie.
Jones, Henry.
Wilson.
Wilson, Jlrs.
Jobn.son, Jlrs. JLargaret,
Hull, Henderson.
Hall, Tiiomas.
Hall, Jlrs. JL A.
Brown, Mrs. A.
Ferriss, Dr.
]''erri.ss, Mrs. Dr.
Ferriss (son of Dr.).
Riddle, Charles V. D.
liiddle, Lottie Tulcy.
Ri.ldle, Thomas.
Hollnian, Charles.
JcmersDU, Jlrs. J. C.
JlcCarty, Ale.x.
JlcCarty (infant of Jlrs.).
Watts, .James C, Sr.
German gardener.
Dye, James,
Brown, Jfrs. Ada.
Siiyiler, Jlrs. Lillie.
Snyder, Jli.ss Sallie.
Wilson, Jlrs.
Wilson, Jliss Cora.
Wils.m, Jlollie.
Wilsiiii, Willie.
Ferry, Jlrs. Dr.
Ferry, Douglas.
Join s, H. T.
JIacE\'cr, Wm.
Holly S^gtri tig's.
Downs, E. L.
Lake, Jliss.
Goodrich, A. W.
Wilsbire. A. T.
Jfackin, Wm.
Taudler, Isaac.
Cliism, James.
Brown (child of A. F.).
JlcCroskey, H. A.
Ganter, Frank.
JIcLaiii, Robert.
Fort, James.
Nuttall, Jlrs. James.
Oliver. B. P.
Bateman's 2 children.
Knaiip, Jlrs. Stephen.
H<igaii, Wm,
Thomas, Jlrs E. A.
Smitli, Gus.
Snider (child of H.).
Nabeis, B. D.
Jloore. A. F.
Leak, Jlrs.
Todd, W. R,
Chenowitb, John.
Abernatli.v, Sam.
Crockett, Sam.
Crump, B S.
Bonner, Dr. Charles.
Walker, James.
Glassy, ('has.
Nuttall, James.
Bonner. Sam.
Watson. U. L.
Waite. Jli'-s Julia.
Blank. Jlrs.
C;impl)ell, R. Cr.
Falconer, Tlioraas \.
Wing, George,
Lynch, Virginia.
Ross. V. H.
Criiinp, Wm.
Douglierly, Mrs. J. R,
Record, Jliss Curilla.
Johnson, Hal.
Read, Clem.
Smith, Victor.
.Marelt, W, ,1,
Pryor, Jlrs. S, H.
Wooten, Wiilie.
Chenowitb, (.'harle.s.
Brinkley (child ofE.T.).
Seyple, Ale.^.
Potter, J. C.
Fort, R. W.
Armstrong, A, A.
Davis, Clarissa,
Oberti, Father,
Schneider, Charles,
Featherston, W. S., Jr.
Daniel, Mrs. Richard.
Daniel, Richaril.
Lynch, Jliiierva,
Read, .Miss,
Epps, Henry.
Epps, Scott.
Brannon, Jfr.
Brinkley (child of E. T.)
U|ishaw, E. W.
Potter, Jlrs. John.
Hasting, Jlrs. R.
Kimball, Sam.
Kimliall, (ieorge.
Casey, Ben.
JlcGnire, Pat.
Demmey, Laura.
Thonijison, Lewis.
Dunn, Jlr,
Kean, James Jf,
(Jiiiggins (child of O.J,).
Kiinliall, Mrs. Geo,
Jliller, Jlrs, E D.
Watson. Jlrs. R. L.
Webber, I'eter.
Stewart, Jliss JIary.
Featherston, Jlrs.'W. S.
Foreman, Jlrs. John.
Weljber, J, W.
Stone, J, 11,
Kuable, Jlrs, JIartin.
JIcGary, Jane,
Knaiip, Stc|ihen,
Thoin|)-on, Jlrs, Louis.
Walter, ( ol. H. W.
Brinkley, K T.
Fennell, Cajit. John.
Manning, Dr.
Butler, i\liss Lizzie.
Falconer, Howard,
Winburii, Hugh.
Stojowski, Julia. *
Stanislaus, Sister.
AValter, Avant.
Larouche, John.
Leidy, Eugene, Jr.
Allen, Jfiss Liza,
Stone, Jfrs,
Falconer, Maj. Kinloch.
-Allen, Miss Jhirtliula,
Allen, Jliss Naucv,
Fennell, Dr, F, Jl.
Henderson (child of T.).
Glassy, JIargaret.
Mc.Williains, Jlrs. Cora.
Nellums, Tede.
JlcWilliams (twins of
Jfrs. R. A.).
Hebdon. Thos.
Gaitley (son of Jfrs.).
Castello, Willie.
Fennell. Dr. J. W.
Power. Joliii.
Stewart, Jliss .\iinio.
Hiitcbinson, Jlrs.
Harrington, Jlrs.
Yancey (cbild of Wni.).
Wells," Jim.
Lewis, Dr,
Y.uicev, Jtrs,
Hunt, James R, L.
\Valter, Frank,
JIcGoweii, Jlrs. Jeff.
Walter, Jimmy.
Gouldon, Allen.
Stella, Sister.
Heniplon (.son of).
Lumpkins, J. JL
Joliiiston, Jfr.
Fant, Glenn.
Banks, John.
Hastings, John.
Gholston, Mr,
O'Gray, Jlrs, Kate.
Wells, Jlrs, Jim.
Straus, Jlrs. -Archie.
Ro-w, Cowan.
Wucie, Tho.s.
-McGhery, Jlrs.
Hobenwart, Alex.
Saunders, Austin.
Jb Guire, Jlrs. Crown.
Fort, JILss Lucy,
Margarette, Sister.
Thomas, JIartin.
Virginia. Jlollie.
\\'alker, Eli.
Featherston, George.
Walker, C. H.
Jbd'Cinney, Dr. W. 0.
JIcDermott, Jlrs.
V'nknown lady.
T'nknown person.
Oliver, Dan.
Parish, L. P.
German, John.
Pearson, John.
Strauss (infant of).
Herr (infant of),
Carlson, Jliss Christina.
Herr, Jlrs, C. J.
Parish, Jlrs.
Heiirlersoii, A. C.
Tieriian, Mike.
JlcKissack, Haywood.
Cowan, Henry.
Herr, Joseph.
I'urish, Jlrs.
Siineman, I'eter.
Jlaughan (chilil of).
JIcKeugh. H. J.
Knable, Jfurtin.
Webber (cbild ofi.
liowman. Augustus.
Walker, .Martha.
Roberts, Jlrs. Julia.
1 1 ess. Col, A, J.
J'ant. Seidell.
Jlyers, Jlrs, B, A.
Daily, Jfr,
(.'rump, E. II.
Jlalci, Jliss Lizzie.
Henry, James V.
Yictori. Sister.
Jliller, Jlr.
Diller, Jlr.
Allen, Jli,ss.
Jlalci, Jack.
-\danis, Jas. G.
McHugh, Jas,
I'arks, George.
Harris (child of Chas,).
Haley. Jlrs.
Loreiilia, Sister.
Miller, Jlrs. James.
Thomas, G.
K rouse, Jacob.
Lane, Jlrs.
Brim, EfUvard.
.''^koesburg (son of).
Wat.son, Joshua.
Lackey Jo.scpb.
Lane, Dennis.
Calvin, James.
Conniiigton, Burton.
Edwards, Willis.
Vandive. Henry.
JIartin, Polly.
King, Robert.
Yowell, Squire.
Lesseur, Lulu.
Mooney, Mr.
Gealar (son of Peter),
t'omptou, Jlrs.
L4() A HISTORY OF THE YEI.LOW FEVER.
Prcslrr. Th.
I'ompton, Dr. Wm.
Kimbroiigli. John.
TiiTiuni, John.
Holland, W. J. L.
MrKinney, Mrs. IJr.
< ;hei-'lan. 'Mrs. Pcli-'r.
I Jiitheries, Mrs.
Bvers, Mrs.
I 'uftin, Mrs. Sam.
.^rnistead (child of Mr?
Henry).
.\dams, Robert.
(-:o(^kran, Eugene.
Corinthia. Sister.
IStry Grove.
Stubbs, Mrs. Phoebe.
Callendar. Hiram.
\Villiams, Mr. Dan.
Williams. Walter.
Williams, Henry.
Stewart, Hngh.
Stewart, Jas. H.
Stewart, Nettie.
French, Geo. C
Cherry, Frank.
Clowers, Mrs.
<.:oker, Miss Marj'.
C'aston, Miss Editli.
< 'astoii, Charles.
(Iriffin. Calvin.
Jolmson, Mrs. Mary,
niekson, Dr. Geo.
Klowellen, Miss Jane.
Flewellen, Zellu.
.Mor,!;an, Mrs.
Wall, Thomas.
Kyle, Miss,
riiknown printer.
Terry (two children of
Augnstus).
St\ibbs, Jack.
Callendar, Lulu.
Williams, Mrs. Dan.
Williams, J. Calvin.
Stewart, Jas.
Hurton, Miss Nellie.
Stewart, Arthur.
Douglass, Mrs. Sarah.
Douglass, Miss Netta.
Caston, Wm. T.
Coker, Miss Jennie.
Caston, Miss Beltic.
Caston, Wiggins,
('oker, Miss Bettie.
Johnson, Mrs. Amanda.
Johnson, Maggie.
O'Brien, Emmet.
Flewellen, Mrs. J. H.
Flewellen, Sarah.
Morgan, Charles.
Kyle, W. D.
(>)0k, Mrs.
.Morgan, George.
I^ebaiion I>i<<trict,
.1 \cobs, Joseph.
Jiiobs, Mi-s. J.
Harrison (child of A.).
Jacobs (im'ant of Ben.).
Ward.
.Moses, Mrs.
O'Brien, Mrs.
O'Brien, Emmet.
.Monell, Mrs.
McNair, Robert.
McNair, Eddie.
.McNair, David.
McNair, L. D., Sr.
JIamillon, Mrs. Jas.
Allen, Mrs.
Edmondson, Jlrs. E.
Jacobs, Ben.
(iibbes, A.
Ward.
Mo.^cs, J. jr.
McNair, Miss Bettie.
Roberts, Miss Emma.
Jacobs. Joseph, Jr.
McNair, L, D., Jr.
Jacobs. Mrs. Ben.
Rn^^i-ll. .Miss Essie.
McNair. .Mrs. David.
jMcD^-rriKai, Pat.
Nobie, Mrs. Fannie.
"I'azoo t'ily.
Littlejolin. Rev. W. B.
Harris, .Mrs. S. ( '.
Harris, Capt. Hal. C.
Zenobia, Sister.
Corona, Si.ster.
Monton, Father J.
Kelly, James.
Lawrence, Sister Mary.
Wa<er Valley.
Becton, J. E.
Pennington, L. M.
Gross, 51. A.
Williams. Peter.
Bartlett, W. L.
Lees, Kenny.
Reems, Waiter.
Gartine, N. U.
Jones, W. H.
McClure, John.
Murphev, A. B.
Walker, Tom.
Hall, James.
Donahue, D.
Howard, Jack.
Strong, G. W.
Townsend, Robt.
McMillen. Clay.
Crops, James Si.
Holme.s, Gns.
Goodwin, Wm.
Summers, C. E.
Flv, J. H.
Pate, Mark E.
Taylor, Mr. J. B.
Hendricks, J. O.
Buibrd, Mns. A. G.
Gartine, Mrs.
Reed, Mrs.
Edstrom, Mrs.
Miller, Miss Jane.
Jliller, Ligc.
iMiller, Jell'.
\Vhite, Wm.
Brewer, B. W.
Siitlnions, A. V.
Block, E.
Freeman, IT. W.
Reese (child of H.).
Smith, Mrs. E. F.
Smith, Miss Mollie.
Thorns, A. C.
Trainer, Mrs. Tom.
Pennell, P. W.
Prophit, Mrs. Robt.
Reasons, Thomas.
Mattson, John.
Edstrom (child of Mrs.)
Long, R. A.
Canton.
Henry, Mrs. Rachael.
McKie, Dr. Nath. W.
Henry, Miss Elizabeth.
Ilenrv, Miss Lizzie.
Garrett, Mrs. S. D.
Fulton, Mrs. D. M.
Steele, Miss Annie.
Fulton, Col. D. M.
Benthall, Miss Sallie.
Mann, Miss Minnie.
Maim, Ben. F.
Fcldman, Dedrick.
Wickham, James.
Vance, Mary.
Conway, Mrs. C.
(;onway, Edwin
Cap\n ro, Peter.
Harter, Mike.
Demarchi, Fred.
Noe, Geo.
Botto, Louis.
Otic, .Mr.-. D. H.
Otto, Wvlie.
Shaw, David H.
Mc.Micken, Col. M. B.
Cogan, Feather P.
.McKie, Dr. M. J.
McKie, Miss Zoe.
Bentliall, Josie.
Jelt'rics, St. t'lair.
Welsh, Wm.
Reid, John.
Reid, Mrs. D. Wm.
Gouh, B. C.
Fitchett (child of J. V.).
S/ales, Jennie Belle.
Peyton. Mrs. P.
Demarchi. ]>ouisa.
' Harter (chi'.d of Jake).
Monn(jhan, Mary.
laickctt, o. A-. .U:
McCoskev. liarncy.
Lee, .Mrs,' A. S.
Leonard. James.
Joue.s, Wm.
Benthall. Daisy.
Kenncdv, M.,and child.
Scheifler (child of J. B.).
Catlett (child of).
Billings, Mrs.
Scheitler (son of Mrs.).
Collins. C. T.
Smith, Monti.
Stone, Perry S.
Montgomery, John.
Montgomery, Mrs. Jno.
Smitli, Mrs." Jas. A.
Smith, Miss Mittie.
Josepli, Mrs. Mark.
Panl, Frank.
Van Buren, George.
Magruder. Dr. J. T.
Leitch, Mrs.
Peyton, Pat.
Morris, Robt.
Demarchi, F^rank.
Arnold. August.
Johanna, Sister.
Leonard, Miss Mattie.
Leonanl, Freddie.
Scales. Pinkcy.
Hill, Miss Mary.
Capnrro, Mrs. P.
Richards, Joe C.
Canalli, C.
Clavarri, Chas.
Coplin, Jas. A.
Cage, Dr. A. H.
Petty (child of Mr.).
Boersig, J.
Ijangley, W. A.
Kennedy, Miss Bridget.
I Lindernian, Mrs.
I Smith, Eddie.
Benthall. Mrs. W. H.
Smitli, Mrs.
B!anchard(child of Joe).
DufFev, James.
Durfey, R. W.
Young, Daisy.
Ford.
Ernesi, Jno., Sr.
Campbell.
Chavivari, Gniseppe!
Alswortli, Mrs. Be n.
Thompson, Mrs. E. L.
Scheitler, Mrs.
Wilcox, iMrs.
Leonard, Mrs. Robt.
Green, Chas.
Peyton (two children of
Tom).
Shackelford, Susie.
Garv, John.
Bcnwell, H. R, C.
(;ary (cliild of John).
Leonard, Mrs. James.
Casspll. Willie.
Kellv, Marv.
Benwelhchildof H R.C.)
Strohecker. Mrs. Lucy.
Liigne, Edward.
Bam. s, Mr.';. B.
Chambeisichild of Wm.)
Henrv, John M.
Logue, B.
Leit. h, D.
Fulton ison of David).
Latimer, Mark.
Semmes. I-'itz.
Benthall, Mrs. Minerva.
Engle.
Wilson, Mrs. M. A.
Harter, Geo.
Oi-eenville.
Mobray, Miss.
Perry.
Finnegan, Pat.
i\I;.Tshall, Wm.
Byrne, E. J.
Simpson. John.
Brooks, D. E.
Morris. Mrs. D.
Pryor, Miss.
I'crrv, Fred.
, :Maria.
Bathke, C.
Brooks, Mrs. Fanny.
Perry, Mrs. J»imes.
Chiesa, J. A.
Lee, Sow (Chinaman).
Scott (daughter of R.B.).
Fox, Josephine (child).
iSIowbry, Mrs. Tlios.
Stowell, Lyman.
Sanford, Mrs. Geo.
Ballard. Mrs. J. S.
Smith, Mrs. F. P.
Stream, George.
Shorey, Mrs.
Bird, George.
Ballard, Miss K. A.
I'rvor, Fred.
Staflbrd, Dr.
•Aleck (butcher).
Caifall, Willie.
Pogle, Mrs. Jiilia.
Unknown blacksmith.
Maskev. Louisa.
Perry, Sirs. T. P.
Smith, Abe.
Wctherbpe, Eva.
Dodge, Elliot.
Dorman, George.
Sutton, Steve.
Butler, Walter B.
McLean, Thomas.
Wagner. Frank.
Putnam. H. (boy).
Haycraft, W. A.
Shanahan. Mrs. D.
M(jrris, Mrs. M.
Barnett, Philip.
Scott, Miss Willie.
Jones, Jlilton.
Jlorgan, Col. C. E.
Perry ^boy).
Cox," Mrs.
Perry, James.
Tclfer, Wm.
Duvall, Emm.i.
Huntley, Charles.
Ratchlitz, Julius.
Walker. J.
McCuUough, Richard.
Corney, James.
Young, Mrs.
Cafl'all, Edward.
Cafl'all, Louis.
Radjeskv, Louis.
Beck, Mrs.
Fleischer, Mrs.
Trammel. Jlrs.
tTabiclit. Theodore.
Wcthcrbec. Mrs. L. P.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER,
247
Ilassbers, Mrs. B.
Quicic, Waltor.
SteiiiljL'iL;, E.
I'latt. Mrs.
Ehier (bov).
Piitn;im. H. B.
Uliler, Mrs.
AleXiURler, Dr. V. F. P.
(.'ooper, R')liert.
McCanu. Jiimrs.
Marsluill. R ipliuel.
Minzies, Jiiines.
fjreeii. Rev. Huiioau.
Furrester, (ins.
(; illiinhcr. Fi:uik.
B.illanl (infant (if .lolin).
It.idjcsky, .1.
HdU !( 'hinainan).
l)i.L;i;s, llcnnie.
Tavlor, Will.
B.iilaril, Mrs.
BiiswicU, Clia.s.
liuekner, ,T. H.
Davidson. .I.'irnes.
• ireen, 8leplien.
C'liiinell, Jomc?.
Kyle.
I'rvor, Mrs. F.
B:Ulike, Mrs. Iloiiriottu.
Bid wick, J(ie.
Bigekiu' (child).
Habiclit, Mrs.
Lauroiis, Henry.
Pliillips, LeiiuarJ.
Wall, Abe.
Manlv, W. .1.
Perry, T. P.
.'Sylvester, Tnm.
Williams, rlias.
Diggs, Fanny.
.Slianahan, D.ui.
Barnhurst, Mrs. J. S.
Morris, Dave.
Duffy. Micliael.
Wheeler, Alljert.
Sliaw, Mrs. T. B.
Small, Mrs.
Simphondorlier, John.
Wieseiifeldt, L.
Barnhurst, .lolin.
Lockman, Julin.s.
'I'ramiiiel, George.
McLean, James.
ilcAllister, Gu.s.
Morgan, L. E.
Bvrnes, Pat.
French (child of W. J.)
Youcum, Sophia.
Brazicnr. George.
Tillev, W., Jr.
Speaks. T. B.
Wiesenfeldt, Mrs. L.
Nelson, John H.
Kress, Eliza.
Shaw, Helena.
Wetherbeo, Wes.
L'Uiglev, L. M.
Mitchell, Mrs.
Kleiber, Minnie.
Statt'onl. Jlrs.
I 'age. Rev T.
James. Harry,
l/imkin, .Miss .\unie.
Hamnioml, Sam.
Brown, Mrs. Sam.
Rivers, 0. C.
Manaizerdnlantof Mr.s.
Sievers, Mrs. M.
P^att, Anna.
I'nknown man.
< 'onghler, Gns.
Kiiilav, Helen.
Smith, Frnnk P.
Frenndt, Henry.
I'olle, Mrs L. '
F.hlers, Wm.
Porter, W. L.
J', illard, John R.
\V..ite, Willie B.
Warden, Nellie.
Ralph, John.
Nelson, N. J.
Morris, M.
Kretscliniar, W. P.
Kintsler, J.
Trigg, A. B
Yerger, Arthur R.
B?rry, Anna.
Fleischer, Adolphe.
Wetlierbee, L. P.
Kintsler, Amelia.
Vaughn, Harry.
Peri-y (ciiilil).
ICellv, Fanny.
Gossett, J.
Scott, (iarrett.
I'"k'ischer, A.
Elliott, Mrs. G. W.
.Manifold, John.
Haniliurger, Alje.
Prvor (ehilrt>.
Meisner, C. F.
R idjeskv, Raehael.
Ward, iirs. A.
Ileinnm, Lena.
Bvcrs. Jake.
McCall. Dr.
Johnson, M. W.
Iierr\'. Walter S.
James, Mrs. Muttie.
Elliott, G. W.
.Vridier, Dr.
Wetherbee, Ma.hel.
Mori is (child of Dave).
Greentieh), Mrs. E. C.
Meyer, Wni.
Clarke, George R.
Hamilton, John,
Coltrell, John.
Chillis, Emma.
Ah Wa.vs (Chinaman).
(ieriH'lle, Adeline.
Burdette, Marsh.
Crockett, Sam.
Brown, Katie.
I 'oliurn, J.
Mathers, Mrs.
xoja'i«i>"i'ii<»«Mi of
(jiroeii viilc
Monk, Henry.
Lemler, Henry.
Snowliergi'r, lilanclie.
.Morzinski (childj.
Morziiiski, M J.
Hartman, Mrs. Marcella.
Winter, Jack.
McAllister, C. K.
Brashear, Watt.
Montgomery, IMrs. Wm.
Winter, Shirlev.
Stone, D. L.
(ierdine. Dr. A. S.
Gaddis, Dr.
Kleiljer, Mr.
Winter, Mrs. C. A.
McCune, I'at
McLean. Mrs. Feli.x.
.Me.Mlisler, Mrs. C.
Montgomerv, Wm.
Everett, .1. E.
Kirljy. Dr.
Joints. Ill, FreiL
.lolinson. Thomas,
tirilhii, Dr
Winter, T. E.
Crockett.
JnrUsoii.
Savle, Josi ph.
Sw'ett, Will H.
McCallnm, Wni.
( ir.inberry, Junius
Gr.inlierrv, Cico. C.
Ledbetter. J. H.
Reiiiheinier. Lewis.
Taylor, Wm.
BriiiLson, Alonzo L.
' Cusmani, C.
Graiiberi v, Geo.
Johnson, Mrs. W. II.
Wilson, Andrew,
Graiiberrv, .Miss Ida.
Barrett, Wm.
< 'usmani, Mrs.
McCallum, .Mrs.
Muller, Wm.
Ewiiig, Will.
Esclielimiii. Daniel.
Mcliinis, Fannie.
Eschelmiin, Henry.
Clark, Matt.
Parker. Wm. L.
Black, Robert.
Clancy, Daniel.
Walteisoii, P. M.
McDonald, 'I'ony.
Pierce, Har\ ey.
Clancv, Mis.
Baile.v, Eilwar.l.
Muller, Josc|ili.
Marion, Mrs. Thomas.
Divine, Bcttie.
Bayol, J.ihn F.
Barrett. Minnie.
O'Leary, Patrick.
Sizer, Henry E.
Johnson. C. ]!va.
Da ugh try, Mrs. P. C.
Roacli, P. J.
Tavlor. Miss Louise.
Kolb, P.
(Uennon, Ben. F.
Ryan, Mr.s. I'liil.
Oroiiiula.
Feild, Mrs.
Feild, Harry.
Feild, Thomas.
Feild, Mattie. ■
Shepiiard, Katie.
^\"ilsfMl, Mrs.
David.soii, .Mrs.
B.ikewell, Mrs. Irene.
Doak, Mis.
Doak, Miss Lnln.
Beauchiimp. W. T.
McMillian, Mrs.
French, Mrs. L.
Peacock, T. E.
Peacock, Miss Mamie.
Dcjarnett, Mr.
De,jarnett, Sallie.
Cromwell, Geo.
(.Cromwell, John.
Mole, Jliss Maria.
Lake, Geo. W.
Lake, Mrs. Geo. W.
Lake, Jliss Annie.
Lake, Delia.
Sadler, Mrs.
Sadler, Miss Ro.sa.
Sadler, Walter.
Sadler, Jos. E.
Sadler, Amos.
Sadler, Robt.
Avres, A. W.
Ayres, W. I.
.A.yres, Miss Jennie.
.\yres, Jliss Lizzie.
H"us;hes, Dr. E. W.
Htiglies, Mrs. E. W.
Hughes, Mrs.
Hughes, .Mrs. J. E.
Coirman, R.
Coft'maii, Mrs. R.
( 'offniaii, ( 'lias.
Colt'nian, Miss Kate.
Derrick, II. 8.
Derrick, Mrs. H. S.
Huflingtoii, Miss M.
lluilington, M ss S.
HnHiuiitfin, iMiss M.
Hutliimton, Miss M.
Lacock, Mi.ss .M.
Lacock, Miss Alice.
I Bishop, Jliss Addie.
Bishop, Miss Belle.
Bishop, Eugene.
Bishop, Mrs. J. M.
Shiinkie, Mrs. E.
Kirby, Mrs. Pete.
Kirby, Pete.
Sliaiikle, Wm.
Shaiikle, Robt.
McLean, Mrs.
McLeiin, Miss Lulti.
Bristol, D. C.
Bristol, Miss Emma.
Clark, Miss Kate.
Coiiley, M.
( 'arl, Price.
Carl, Ella.
(Jcriiian carpenter.
Wilkings, Dr. J. R.
Irwin, Mrs. K. A.
Young, Robt. A.
Young, Mrs. Robt. A.
Kenilrick, Mi.ss Lulu.
Mayhew, Bob.
Angeviiu', S. S.
Aiigcvine, Miss M.
Poiie\eiii, Jacoli.
Poitevent, Mi.ss M.
Poitevelit, Mrs J.
Rediliiig, Wvatt .M.
Marsha II, Ti'mi F.
Leedv, Miss Sallie.
Kettle, Mrs., and child.
Hall. Charlie.
Rafalsky, Alex.
Morrison, Mrs. J. A.
Gillespie, Dr.
Irwin, R. A.
Knox, J. M.
Kendall, SamneL
Marshall, Saiiimie.
liason, John P.
Ciini)ibell, G. W.
Mitchell, Frank.
Wolfork, Dr.
I''etiiier, Fred.
Bowles, R. S.
Scanlin, Wis.
Ringgold, Mrs. Dr.
Beaiichamp, J. W.
McMiliiaii, Mr.
Cod'man. Mrs Clias.
McDonald. Mrs.
Virson, E. E.
Newell, Chas.
Williams. J. A.
Phillilis. Tom.
Wolte, Mrs.
Cole, W. T.
Cole, Mrs. W. T.
Davis, Clayton.
Hughes, Miss Mary.
Gillespie, Mrs.
Postell, Mattie.
Ringgold, Dr.
Armstrong, Colman.
Lacock, Miss Helen.
Doak, .Foliniiie.
Mitchell, John.
Lehman, Mr.
Applegate, Mr.
Garner, Abb.
Aiider,--oii, B. P.
Heshbiirg. Herman.
Hoiisinaii, ( has (Sardis),
Powell, Tlios.
Haddick, Ree. H. T.
Hall, Dr. W. W.
IImII, Mrs. W. W.
Hall. Rev. J. G.
Hall, Mrs. J. G.
Stokes, Mrs. J. C.
Stolces, James.
Stokes, ,Iohn.
(iray, .Indge J. C.
Grav, Mr.s. J. C.
Grav, J. N.
Gray, Ed.
Ingram, Mrs.
Ingram, Eugene.
248
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
Ingrain, Jliss Florenee.
Welsh, Frof.
Welsh, Miss Sidney.
Wile, M.
8iraiiL', Mr.
\\ ile. Eiiiaiiiiel.
rskriilye. \V. C.
Esl;ii(l-e(childofW. C).
Eslcriiige, Walter.
EsUriduc, Fox.
JIiiV, Mrs. W. B.
May, Ur. VV. Ji.
Haukiiis, Dr.
Hull kins, Mrs.
I'eeples. Miss Fannie.
Kal'alskv, Henrv.
Rollins, 0. B.
Eollins, Marshall.
Gage, Ben.
Gage (2 cliiklrenoi Dr.).
Doak, B. M.
HdOks, Mrs
Hodks, I >:ivi<l.
Blu ke, .laiues.
yeanliii icliilil of Mrs.>.
Cliaiidler, Wm.
Collins. R. A.
Irby, Tom.
Jloure, D ive.
Rivers, Mr.
Milton, Dr. .T. L.
Morrow, John.
Rose, Barrv.
Hall, F. K."
.Graham, Hngli.
Sliermaii (inft. of H. B.).
Stevenson, Robt.
Hart, Uarrv.
JS.irnes, T. P.
Thomas, .John.
Jones, H. M.
Williams, R., Sr.
Moore, John T.
Morrison. Joseph A.
Gerard, A.
Siguaigo, Mrs. Alice.
Walton, Judge Tom.
Ketulall, Thomas.
Flippin, Samuel.
Davis, Hugh R.
Downs, S. L.
D.ivis, Cally.
Barker. JIis, I. S.
S.ittL'rfield, Miss Jennie.
Friedman, M. (N. O.).
Smith, Mrs.
Wood, 1. K.
MeCampljell, Rev. J.
Marshall, Samuel.
C:ary, Mr.
Sanders, A. P.
AVeigert, Chas.
Belew, Mrs. W. A.
Holly, Frank.
Armstioiig, Rev. .T. K.
Hummel, Ludwig.
Cawein (eliild).
Shaw, Mr.
B.iik'V, Mrs.
Yates, Chas.
Laeoek, Mary.
Coon, G. 'r.
Tel. air, JMrs. Sallio.
Fliiipiii, S i]]i.
Flippin, .Mis., and child.
Bvck, Will.e.
Jliller, .>^allie.
Tinnei', Mrs. Aleck.
Sanders, <1. P.
S.iikU'IS, .Mrs. 0. 1'.
Wri'.dit ^rhild of John).
Kowell, Mrs.
Mitchell. Marv.
Mitchell, Chas.
Boatright, Mr.
jSIeadiir, James.
Burt, Miss K.
U'hompson, E. F.
Barnes, Sallie.
Collins, George.
Williams. Isaac.
Long, Mrs. \V. E.
Shaiikle, VV. F.
Crowder, R. D.
Eli, E. G.
Eli, Mrs. Eliza.
Latham, Wm.
Wright, Mack.
Hosbiii, Martha.
Rosscr. Ida.
Fitzgerald, Dr. P. F.
Sanders, MoUie.
Spencer, Jlrs.
Rush, Mrs. MoUie.
Nowell, Joseph.
MIicIkmI, James.
Rosser. Hattie.
Jieasly, Mrs.
Burt. Henry.
Sliaiikle, Robt.
Barrot, C. L.
B irrot, Mrs. Paul.
Barrot, Paul.
Burnet, Miss Sallie.
Bertrou, Rev. S. R.
B imghton, John.
Broughton, Jimmv.
Bcrtroii, Mrs. J. c!
Brumky, Dr.
Crowley, John.
Daugherty, Wm.
Dempsey, Andy.
Daugherty, Jlary.
Daiighertv, May.
Day, Willie.
Day, Joseph.
D.iy, Charlie.
Disherooii, Miss Alice.
Dishertxm, William.
ICvans, Lindsey R.
Evans, Mrs. L. R.
Faust, Mr.
Faust, Mrs.
Fairlv, Maj. J. D.
Fife, Butler.
Fife (child of Wm.).
Fife, Eliza.
Fife, Wm.
Gorilon, W. R. (son of R.
F. Gordon.)
Green, Miss Lizzie.
Green, Miss Gayoza.
Grilling, Emma.
Green (daughter of AV.
A.).
Guess (child of Wm.).
Greer Estelle.
Green, Joseph.
Greer, Jlrs. Mary.
Gilchrist, Malcomb.
Greer, Lavinia.
Greer, Eugenia.
Harris, .Simon.
Hall, Rev. Geo.
lluber. .Mis,
Healev, Mrs. T, C, and
two children,
Hawkins (inlantofT.S.).
Hawkins, Tommy.
Humphreys, Eva.
Huinplirevs, Ben.
Humphreys, Mrs. D. B.
Haeley, Jacob,
lleiiderson, John.
Ingram, Mrs John, and
child.
Jones, T. E.
Jones, Eliza.
Johnson, Miss Fannie.
I Kilcrease, Dorsey.
Kelly, Thomas.
Kavanaugh. Jlrs. Thos.
ICirkbride, Jlrs. S. M.
Louder, And. J.
Little, Samuel.
Leisker, Geo.
I Lei.sher, Frank.
Mackey, Mrs. Samuel.
Leislie'r, .lohn.
Leisher (iidant of E. E.).
Lynch, Mrs. Mary M.
Leonard, Janie.
Lee, Johnnie.
Lilly, Tyre.
McCann, Billv.
McCliiitoU, R. H.
Mason, Miss Jciiiiic.
Martin, W. H.
Mo(..rc, Dr. Wm.
Mi«ji-e, Ella.
Jlooie, Duncan.
Jlurpluy, James.
McCiuie, Snupson.
Newman, .Mrs. L. T.
Newman, Bernard.
Newman, Sidney.
Newman, Corinne.
Nolan, Patrick.
Nance, James, Jr.
(J D.iy, Mik..'.
O X'oiincU, Katie.
O'Connell, Mrs Dan.
Purnell, Bcrlion.
Pattoii, Mrs. R. S.
I'.atnii. II. S., Jr.
Plic:', .bi.M'],h.
Price, iiobcrt J.
I'rice, Mrs. Eliza.
Price, J. A.
I'lice.
Peoples, Mrs. John.
Samnielson. Aug.
Simonsoii, Mrs. H, J,
Strowbridge, Mrs. Dr. J.
G.
Shreve. Chas,, Sr.
Shreve, Chas,, Jr.
Shreve, Mrs. Chas.
Strowbridge, Dr. J. G.
Stewart, T, N.
Scharff, Geo.
Scluirft; Mis, Geo,
Snodgrass, Dr. H. 0.
Shafer, A. K., Jr.
Sprott, Dr. W. D.
Sylvester, Philip.
Thaler, Adoliih.
Thaler, Mrs. Adolpb.
Thaler, Rudolph.
Thaler, Toliias.
Thaler, John.
Thrasher, Judge JohnB.
Trevelliaii, Mrs. T. (;.
Tiiomas, (, asey.
Tucker, Mrs.
Uiigcrer, Fritz.
Vertner (infant of Gen.
J. D.
Whcekss, Miss Jfarv.
\Vheeless, ( apt. II. S.
Woods, John.
Weeks, Charlie.
Weeks, Jimmv.
Walker (inlaia of N". S.).
Young, Dr. Thomas.
Young, .Mrs Dr. Thos.
Hasie (child of Major).
Ethridgc, John.
Pri.'SLOii, Will. A.
Tauuart, Mrs. John.
Mc(^'lu^ti'r, R. 11.
(Jwens, Mrs. JIary.
lyipsciaiilj, Mrs. M. J.
Sadler, Wm. L.
Si Ilk lair, Robt.
McLean, ( has. T.
Tucker, Edward.
Vail. B. M.
Bragg, Mrs. Ellen.
Raney, Miss Ella.
Lawrence, .-\lbert,
.loncs, Josiah.
TallidKt, E. II.
Pulhr.m, Dosl.ia.
JIarsliali, Nancv.
Theikaard, S. C.
Fieank, J. C.
Williams. Mrs. Ben.
Williams, R. T.
A\ hitc, George.
Prcstridge, ilrs. J. M.
Habercoiu, 1, F.
Miher, Mis. JI. E.
1 etcrs, J. C.
Lawreiii c, JIis, Allert.
Terry, T. ,1,
Tarver, \\ m. S.
Laugluoii. J. G.
Terrell, Jiuiies.
Mosley, Robt, J.
Ward, John.
Tatt, Miss Mattie.
JIcLeau, Wm. T.
Riley, Jiiss Mary.
Owens. Wm. Henry.
Owens, Lela Lovelta.
Habercorn, Edwaid.
Ranev, Wm. V.
Tarvt-r, Mrs. S. J.
Gould, Mrs. Dr. L.
Mo.sky. Beiij. Frank.
Robin.-on, Emma.
Rogers, Thos.
Ea.sly, Capt. E. V.
t tiiric, .\. A.
Heiidei'soii, John.
Holler, Wm.
Sinclair, Lutie.
Broach, Jlrs. W'. P.
Enslen, Henrv.
Ethridge, JIark.
Smith, Eria JIay.
ICoeky Spring's.
Cessna, Love.
Goosehorn, Tom.
Goosehorn, Sallie.
Elv, Nannie.
Diivall, Jlrs.
Duvall, JIahala.
Emerick, Lilly.
Emeiick, .A-leck.
Wallace, Jlollie.
(ioza, C'COige.
JIcdA'aii, George H.
Ilaring, Ellen.
Harper, Emilv.
Lum, Ed. O.
JIcLeniore, Laman.
Henderson, Susan.
Goza, Jlrs. George.
Thomyison, L. .V.
r.oggs, Jlrs. JIaiy.
Harper, J. J.
Brock, W. W.
Parker, Rev. D. A. J.
Parker, Jlrs. D. A. J.
Foster, Alice.
Harper, JIattie.
Harper, Jlrs, 0. B.
Emerick, Dan.
Wright, James.
Wright, Jlrs. JI. M.
Floweis, A. E.
JHercisKinIo.
West, Jlrs. R. R.
Hililebrand, Jlrs.
JlcNccse, Jlrs. S, P.
Hickling, R,
Dein heart, Jlrs, Adam.
Pullin, Jliss Ruth W.
Connelly, Jlichacl.
Voudran, E. J.
Avera, Col. J. C.
keid, Mrs, S. 1.
Gore, Robert.
Waller, Jlrs. A.
Swartz, Jlrs.
Johnson, Jlrs. Bertha.
Powell, Dr. J, W.
I Hickling, Jlrs. R.
I
A HISTORY OF TIIK YELLOW FEVER.
249
Deinhoart, E'l
PuUiii, Miss Ell.i.
Couiiollj', sirs. Midiaol.
Vondraii, Mrs. E. J.
KclloSK', O. jr.
<;i(iiiioM, ij. p.
Xilcs, Mrs.
CO],OEED.
Tliompsoii, A. D.
]/:'.u'.an, Pat.
T.-nioi-, Mrs. Ilynry.
Wise. Bob
Wasliiii'-iton, Murv.
Taylor, iteury.
\V:illcer, Robert.
Cjgliill, Jaclisou.
MEMPHIS REFUGEES.
Campbell, D. C.
Voiiilraii, Peter.
Flaherty, James,
llaaek, .Julius.
Soelfker, Miss Jlena.
Hariler, Miss Annie.
Feldsti.lt, .ToViii.
Aiirlersoii, Jlrs. B. P.
Voniir.in, Jlrs. Peter.
Flaherty, Miss.
Murray, Miss Mary.
Harder, Jliss Ella.
F'iril, John B.
Woo l, Mrs.
Bay St. I.ouis.
Arnold, Alice.
Adams, .Julian.
Breath, Charles.
Barthe, Henry.
B irnard, Frazier.
Campe (ehihl of).
Combel, Wilfred.
Cameron, Hnbbard.
Dovle, Mrs.
Dovleidnunhterof Mrs.).
DeWolf, Jliss.
D.ivis, Eliza.
D.)re, Mrs.
D)re (daughter of Mrs.).
Estapa, Alphonsine.
Estapa, Ji'raueis.
E-tapa, .Josephine.
Etiena, .Sister, St. Joseph
Convent.
Fischer, Lena.
Frederiel;, B n-nedina.
Frederic, B irb.ira.
Foster, Jlary.
Foster, Pusie.
Fairehild, Harry B.
Fairehild, Ella.
Franklin, Stephen.
Gonzales, Joseph.
Henderson, Malcomb.
Howell, Henry.
Henders ni, John, col.
Johnston, .s illie.
Johnston, .Jiinie.s.
Krost, Mrs. E.
Klein. Mr
E st, W. B.
Liwler, Ellen.
I>awler, Emma.
I^au-ler, D in.
Liss I (adopted daughter
of Sim in),
Lnm)nrant, P:iilman.
l.ass ilie, VieKjr.
Eass i!)e, D dpliinc.
Lass:ibe, B Ttrand.
Eawlor, Miss.
Mayo, (feorgi\
Mndge, Ep'iraim C.
Muller chil'l of).
Jlavfi 'M. Helen G.
Jlay, Cr. S.
Ma!;'.;iore, Antoine.
Jlittenberger, Odile.
Nicaise, Abel.
Nicaise, Ficbceca.
Prestel, Caroline.
Piestel, Nicholas.
Pierre, Antonio.
.Snarcz, Jlrs. Helen.
Kuarcz, Retina M.
Sylvester. Walter.
Sancier, John J.
T iylor, Caiit. I. L.
Taeoni, Alfred.
Tacoui, Jules.
Tarrant. Salvador.
Terzia, Stelfauo.
Vassal i, P.
Vassal i.
Valeonar, Francois.
Vicelli.
Vicelli.
Vicelli.
White, Jlrs.
M'alters. Stella.
Williams, (ieorie. ool.
Well If, .Annie S. D.
Nine unliuown.
Broi katt, Jfrs. W. B.
Brockati (ehihl (.f).
C irter, fol. .M. A.
JIayer, Fred
JJayer, .-Vlljert.
Rowland, Jlrs.
Morisan Vity.
Clare, Samuel.
Farrell, Jli.-s.
Ileune.ssy, James.
JIartin " (daugliter of
Wm.)
■\Varchiell, Daniel W.
Thomp'^on, Alice.
Ross, Miss Elizabeth.
Ross. Jesse S.
Wiley, Jlinerva.
R :).ss, Melissa.
R o.-s, W. N.
Murcliant, Jfrs. Amy.
JIatliews, JJrs. Nancy.
Bos toil.
Shields, Peter.
i\Ivrick, Jlrs. R. A.
Myrick, E. K.
Walton, Miss Annie.
JIcKay, Miss Ida.
Alexander, Mis. Dr.
Peebles, Jlrs. I.la.
Peebles, Clifton.
Schwartz, M.
Walton, George.
^Ve!ls, Henrv.and child.
Slii.lner, W. E.
I'owel), Mrs. Allie.
Fitzgera'd, Jlrs. Jennie.
Pepper, G. C.
Pepper, Jlrs. JIattie S.
Friar's Point.
Alcorn, Geo. R.
Alcorn, Mrs Geo. R.
Dwyer, J. W.
Rucks, Judee Jas.
JIayiiard, Jos.
Wood, air., Col.
HacBiIshoro.
Andrews, Daniel.
Bailev, Matilda.
Blacklidge. John G.
Cleary, JIary Ann.
Cnllivan, John.
Cullivan, Walter.
Hempstead, Edward.
Lyon, Dr. J. E.
JInrphv, Mrs. J.
JfcB-v, Alex.
McBey, Mrs. D. '
JI.-Bey, Mrs. E.
Odom, Charles.
J'oleicho, jr.
^'ierling, (ieorgia.
Waycott, Jlonica.
Zundt, Joseph.
Creagei-. C. W.
Davis, Mrs. Jlira.
Dean, Mrs. D, L,
Diekev, Dabnev.
Dickey, JIattie.
Dickey, George.
McGehee, Jlargaret.
Parker, Mrs. Cora.
Sanders, jris. A. V.
Stev<'iison*s PSaiiii.
tatioDa.
Stevenson (child of J.
A., Jr.).
Vinson, Jrr.
Sim II mat.
GrifTiu.
<;,-il1iu.
(irillin.
Willhoft, Jlr.
SnaJpSatir Springs.
Caldwell, Wells.
Frentil, .John.
J(mes, Louisa.
Ivennedy. Jl.
Schaeffer.
SnjBiilowpr.
Badford, A. V. (sheriff).
Bookout, Capt. Ben. C.
Bigelow, Jlrs. W. H.
Cainerou, D. A.
Chaiipell, R. W.
Featherstone. Laura 'W.-
Fox, Jlrs. Joseiih J.
Gray, Jlrs. J. W.
>rclunis, John.
Powell, J. W.
Smith, jrary E.
Sliaunou, S. W.
Wilkins, Capt John.
Wuvm an, Dr.
Po\vell(children o( J.N.).
KieoJtoe.
JIarlose, S.
Sccailh's Statioas.
Brooks, Aaron.
Jewel, JI:s.
SSosteville.
Brown, Ida.
llvrne, J no.
Burdett, Walsh.
Bnrdelt, Miss.
I'.nrdett, Nathan.
Crockett, S.nn.
Diwkens, Geo.
]>avis(ihree children of).
Evenittz, J. E.
Folev. B. F.
Gerdine. Dr A R.
Gaddis, Dr. Thus.
Griffin, Dr.
Hill, J. W.
Hartman, Jr.
Jones, Henry.
Kirliv, Dr.
Kleiber, Jacob, Jr.
ICleibi'r, Jacob, Sr.
K imsler, Adolph.
Lemler, Henry
Jyiimkin. Jlrs. Nancy.
Jlonk. Henry,
jrooziuski, M. J.
Moozinski (child of).
I JIcAlister, C. IC.
JfcAlister, Mrs. A. W.
I Montgomery, Jlrs. Win.
Montgomerv, Dr. Wm.
McLean, Pliil.
Jlelvin, Jlrs. Rebecca.
McKeon, Pat.
JIcDoiiald, Andv.
Oden, Dr.
O'Brien, Thos.
C)!son, Dan.
Priest, Sr.
Priest, Jr.
Quinn, P,.t.
Stever^on, James.
Stone, D. L.
Snowberger, Blanche.
Spears.
Shannahan, Dan.
Walker (smi of J. B.).
\^'ii]ters, Eddie.
Winters (ehild of).
Winters, Jack.
Winters, Jlr. C. A.
Wingfield, Willie.
Wingheld, Walter.
Korsi ILake.
Collins, Wm.
Terry.
Grayson, Lisa, col.
(irav.son, Jane.
Godmau. Dr. H. R.
Samson, Joe, col.
One unknown.
Os.ytta.
Addison, JIrs- John.
Baramon (child of).
Bnllion (daughter of).
Bardalis, Jt uiiie.
Bom Is, JIartin.
Bonds. Mrs. Jrartin.
Borus, Frank.
Bonis, Edward.
Butcher, Willie.
Cortney, Jlrs.
Cahn, Adolph. '
Cutrer (child of).
Cerf, Isaac.
Cerf, Jranuel.
Donois, Wm.
Dreyfus, Lehman.
Eastman, Jlr.
Feitlitn, Jirs.
Ford (four sons of Dr.).
Human, Isaac.
Hart, Mrs. Hyraan.
Jones, Willie.
Keating, Henry.
Loeb, .Mrs.
.Jlillor. JIargaret.
Ctt. J. A.
Relnirst, Henry.
Reliorst, Joe.
Ricks, Bill.
Redmond, Charles.
i;aonl, (iritfiu.
Si|>ple, JIargaret.
Sehnider, Caroline.
Schnider, Tom.
Smithner, Jacob.
Vernado, Jlrs.
Vernado (son of).
W<nl, Charles.
Wei lis, Augnstu.s.
Wolf, Jfever.
Wolf, Ilenrv.
Wales, Ben.
Oepan S[»rSiigHj.
Charles, Fatiier.
Ryan. Joseph.
Strout, Col.
Pearl ill S't on.
Carre. R. B.
Graves, Polena.
250
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
l.ake.
Crowson, Mrs. Amanda.
Crowson, W. E.
T;ite, Frank.
KcotI, Lfe C.
MrCallinn, Dr. Geo. C.
Ev.TS, Will. H.
.MfFiirliUifl, Hugh G.
T ite, Dr. J. J.
Wilkius, Leroy B.
<M iv, John.
Cr./sliv. Willie J.
D ivism, Robt.
'i'al •, Simpson.
Yon il;, M ithew.
II iskins, Mr.s. W. S.
1. iwry, Mrs.
L iwry, Gea. F.
Yarbron^h, .1. S.
Rhea, Jlrs. Tom.
Evcr.s, Miss M;imie.
Siiead, Jlrs. J. P.
Conch, John.
Yarbrout;h, Mrs. J. S.
Evers, Miss Carrie.
Lowrv, Miss Luin.
Evers", Mrs. W. H.
MoFarland (child of
Charlie).
McCallnin (child of
Marv).
Keii'.nedy, S. D.
Conch, Jas. M.
(Jrosby, Jno. H.
lying, Jesse.
Burse, Mrs. Sarah.
McFarland. Mrs. Bessie
Saunders, P.
McCallum, Mrs. M.
S lunders, Mrs. M. P.
Saunders, Miss Fannie.
Ivennedy. Mrs. S, D.
Tate, Miss Bena.
Mcl'arland (child of
Mary).
Evans (infant of Mrs ).
Shackleford, J. N.
Burge, Miss Ella.
Scott, Mrs. Kittie.
Long. Oscar.
Ho.skins(infant of Robt.).
Weaver, Willie.
Adams, Miss Lvda.
Ritter, L.
Ray, R. A.
Bnrge, Rachael.
Long, A.
Weaver, Jno. R.
McGraty, Barney.
Adams, \V. J.
MeCallum. Miss Kate.
Burge, Richard.
Stewart, Mrs. James.
Wells, Mrs. Sarah.
McCallum, Charley.
Weaver, Lafayette.
Ste wart(daiigh ter of Mrs.
James).
Weaver, Toramie.
Tate, Bob.
Nichols, Wm.
Burge, Miss Stelle.
Burge, Miss Nettie.
Burge, Richard, Jr.
Wells, Jno. D.
Burge, Miss Julia.
Tate, Miss Ann.
Lee. Mrs.
Burge, Miss Pinkie.
Biloxi.
Dunn, Miss.
Gregory. John Henry.
Gerson, Reuben.
Guillotte, Ed. J.
Hogan. Mari;aret.
Lambricki. Diinilry
Min-phy, Mrs.
Weingart Jolin.
BeaelilniKl.
Bullock, Wm.
Biblingstene, Mrs.
Brodsing, Dr.
Feaiherstone, Laura.
Featherstone, W. W.
Featlierstone, Mrs.
Featherstone (gr'dchild
of).
Finch, John W.
Flowers, E.
Fox, Mrs. L.
Gottheir, B. N. (Rabbi).
Holt, Mrs.
Johnson, Jfrs. Jos.
Johnson, Mrs. J. B.
Johnson, IMrs. M.
Leach, H.
Lorch, Adolph.
Meyer, Isadore.
ilcEnnis, J. N.
McEnnis, Mre. L.
Newman. Gus.
Powell, Clarence.
Powell, Alexander.
20 M. E. of Vieksburg.
Winona.
Blaekston, Benj.
Camphell, Wm.
Harris, Francis, col.
Kilfrell, Jo. C.
McGeure.
Mingo, col.
Ourv. (ieii.
Oniv. I,\le.
Ree:,e. Mis.
Valley Home.
Blac k, Jlrs.
Berrv, Sum.
Grcise. Mr.
JInrphv, Smith.
JIarither. M.
Montgomery, Lena.
Jloulgcmery. H.
Payne, Wm'.
Paviie. (ieo.
Russell, Jlrs.
Thompson, John.
Thompson, Jlrs John,
Thompson, A. J.
Thompson, Betlie.
Tnrnipsei d, Dr.
White, Jlr.
Winlervtlle.
McAllister, A. W.
McAllister. C. K.
MeKeoii. Pat.
Montgomery, Dr. Wm.
Montgomery, Mrs. Dr.
Wm.
Shannahan, Mrs. Dau.
Winters, Jack.
Winter, Sam. "
Carrolllon.
Liddle, J. JI., Jr.
Cay n^i.
Griffin, Gen. T. M.
Griffin, JIis. Tom.
Hack, Jlr.
One colored.
III.
ARKANSAS.
Augusta.
Freeman.
Hendricl;s, Jlrs.
Joliiison, Wm.
JIulready.
Plummer, Wm., col.
Oulilen Lake.
No report.
Ilaynes' BIulT.
Ferry (son of Dr. R. H.).
Ross, Jessie.
Snyder (two daughters).
Helena.
Jliller, J. B.
Withers, Gertrude.
Ilopelield.
Bailey, Jlrs., col.
Bailey (boy of , col.
Bruce, Mrs.
Burrie, Mrs , col.
Carpenter, Julm.
Connelly, Jlrs.
Costello, Austin.
Drake. Ari'hie, col.
Everett, W. E.
(iiillirie, Jlichael.
Guthrie, Jeiry.
Hawkins, Jlrs.
Leonard, Jlrs.
Jluinie. Mrs. Sarah.
Quinlan, Thomas.
Stack, Jerry.
Stack, Jlrs.
Stuart, Bill, col.
Unknown man.
Terrene.
Abraham (two childreti
of).
Cohn, Johnny
Keely. John.
Loeb, Louie.
JIayson, Dr.
Shelbv, John, col.
Zadec'k (child of Ben.).
Zadeck, Jlrs. Ben.
Zadeck (child of).
Zadeck, Ben.
IV.
ALABAMA.
Atlions.
Rodgers, Alexander.
Rodgers, Elizabeth.
I'oiirtland.
Newsom, A.
Decatur.
Avers, Jlr.
Cramer (son oQ.
Edwards.
Fennell, Jliss Sallie.
Gill, Mrs. D.
Gilson, Mr.
Henrv, J.
Honk, R.
Houk, Mrs. A.
Heavitson, Mr.
Howard, Mrs. M. J.
Johisjn, Thomas.
JlcCarty, Jlrs.
JlcCartv, Miss.
Polk. Jirs. C.
Williams, Jlrs. J , col.
Whitten, Rev. Joel.
Florence.
Brown, James.
Bernhiird, Mr.
Cox, James.
Cox, Joseph,
("row, Josie.
Cain, Jane.
Grob, Jlr.
Lambert, JI:s.
Price, J. H.
Perry, T. M.
Pellv, Johnnie.
Pelty, Mrs.
Pelty (two children of),
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
251
Rodg^rs, Thnmns.
K I'^s lali', Jdliii.
Ra-,'S(lal(', < 'l.iudla.
llire, Will II.
Ricf, Miss Nora.
RMd, Jolm S.
Tinbei'k, Mr.
Wade A. C, child.
Twenty-si.x colored.
Ilmiiilsvillo.
ISroclc, .Joim.
lirodie, Mrs. Jno.
Bootli, T. J.
Clark, W. A.
Edwards, Ida.
Edwards, Frank.
Eiigering, Frank.
Fisher, .Imiathin.
Goheii, Faiiiiie.
Gdhen, Margaret.
Rea-iii, W. R.
Sniuiiiiins, Pa\iline.
Yoiikha, .Margaret.
Zulenka, Maggie.
Mobile.
liotli. Rev. Victor.
Fort, K. B
JIarley, Father,
riikuowu woman, col.
Stevenson.
Rose, Porter.
Welch, T. J.
I
Child I'romOerniantown.
Tn<sdiinl>;!i.
Williams. Charles.
.Jones. Miss B.
.Stamps, Mr. & Mis.
>rauuch, Mr. & Mrs.
Belcher, C.
Rather, Geo.
Jones, Mrs.
Ross, Mrs.
Christian, Miss C.
Warren, Mervin.
Hnprez. Dr.
King, Mr.
I Downs, iM i.ss Bettio.
I Yonng, Mr.
t^nknown German.
Front, Edward.
Smoot, Mrs.
.Smoot, Miss.
Gilljert. Mrs.
Clark, Mrs.
Monlton, Thomas.
Osborne, Sandv.
Entress, Ella "
Unknown boy.
'ITiisealoosa.
Rhiuchart, Alex.
Rhinehart. .siilney.
WhiNlIer.
Marley, Rev. Father.
I Thomas, .T. 0.
Thonnis, T. W.
Thomas, Thad. N.
Thomas, Margaret.
Jordan .Slation.
Alexaniler, .\riss Belle.
Prather, l>r. Hugh.
I><tMiNViIIe.
Able, Gabriel.
Berryman, Eddie,
j Coleman, Sam.
j Ca.sey, Jlike.
Croglian, David.
Coflee, Patrick.
Conneli, J. B. M.
Davis, H. R.
Drylns, Sanmel.
F^riiest, Geo. M.
F^rnest, Mrs. Geo. M.
Fisher, Charles.
Flvini, Meta.
(iarv.
Galienher, N. G.
Hollahan, Mary.
Hei'lelbnrs;. Louis.
Haskill, Ben.
Hali'meister, Johanna.
Hellrig, Rudolph.
Howard, Jolm.
Jones, Sebastian.
! Laurie, Mary A.
Leake, W. L.
Lawton, R. H,
Lutz.
Moore. Richard.
McKenna, Mrs. Annip.
Jtancy, James.
I Jlorriss. James P.
\ Mudd, Nathaniel.
Plunkctt, Charles.
Rvan, .Mrs. JIary.
Ritter. Alice R.
Riwes, Mrs. Geo.
,sinxw, Wm.
Samuels, Henry B.
Shannalian, Maggie.
Seal ley, M. E.
Sellar, John.
Sellar, Therese.
Sal ta 1 a m a c h i e Fra n Ic.
Tedro, Mrs. Annie.
Winn, Fred.
I Worsliam, Clifford.
; Voss, .Ann.
j Voss, Ernest,
j Two colored.
I Ti'eiiCon.
Hord, C. C.
V.
KENTUCKY.
Bowling Green.
Cough, Mrs. Jack,
('urren, Mr.
Fitzpatrick, Jo.seph.
Hespin, John.
Hogan, John.
Houghton, Mrs. M.
.MeCarty, Jlrs. Tim.
Murphy, Wm.
Palmer. John.
Ritter, L. R.
Sullivan, Ellen.
S^^hafer, Mrs. II.
Weaver, Wm.
Williamson, C. M.
I>an ville.
Craft, John Young.
Fnlion.
Bennett, Mrs Sam.
WoDldridge, Amanda.
Boaz, Dr. C. D.
II irk man.
Amberg, Miss Irene.
.Vmlieri, Joseph.
.\mberg. Miss Vic.
Anders in, Dr. J. M.
Anderson, Miss Bjlle.
Bearger, Herman.
B^arger, John.
Bsarger, Miss.
Bearger, Mrs. John.
Brevard, W. A.
Baltzer, Philip
Bailev, Edward.
Huckner, W. T., Jr.
B Ian ton. Dr.
Buncho, Andy.
Biincho, Mrs. Andy.
Black, Joseph.
Bright, David F.
Birnes, Do(^
Barnes, T. D.
Barnes, Will.
Reaster, W. II.
Bindnrant, Mrs. J. J. C.
Hindu ant. Miss Jennie.
Bjndurant (child of).
Belts, Wm.
Buck, T. C.
Barry, Mrs. John.
Coffev. Wm.
Catlett, Dr. H. C.
Cole, Miss Lotta.
Cobb, Chas S.
Corbett, Dr. W. D.
Corbett, Mrs. W. D.
Cook, Dr. J. L.
Dozier, Thomas C.
Donevant, Geo.
Oavis, Mi.ss Lulu.
Davis, Gus.
Dodds, Robert.
Dale (son of Wm.).
Echard, Eliza.
Eclierf, Miss Lou.
Farris, Tom.
Fortune. B. W.
Frenz, W. J.
Funk, Fred.
Farris, Dr. J. W.
Gleason, T. E.
Glea.son, Burt.
Gleason, Hallie.
Gardner, Mrs. C.
Gardner, W. H.
Gardner, Meta.
Greenup, John.
Gibli. Frank.
Glaser, R.
Glaser, Joseph.
Hendricks, Mrs.
Hendricks, Miss Louisa.
Hendricks, Miss Anna.
Hendricks, John.
Hendrieks(2children of).
[ Heatherly, Mac.
I Hertweck, Max.
j Hertweck, Mrs. Ma.x.
j Harness, N. P.
i Holt, R. D.
I Hancock, W. W.
j Ilolmim, Mrs.
I Ilallyburtou. Mrs. Cora.
1 Hallyburton (son of).
Jones, Thomas M.
Kingman, A. D.. Jr.
Kingman, Katie.
Kingman, Muff.
Kreiger, Miss.
Kreiger, Miss.
Kreiger(two children of).
Kitchison.
Kesterson, C. H.
Kirger, Mrs.
Keistner, M.
Kiircher, Miss Mary.
Karcher, Miss Josie.
Kiircher, Miss Eva.
Luttrell, Miss Cappie.
Luttrcll, John.
Luttrell, Mrs.
Lacy, Mi.ss.
Lane, T. J.
McCain, Wm.
Morrow, Lutha.
Metheny, Robbie.
Manuel (a baker).
Monroe, Lewis.
Mangle, Ed.
Mangle, Mrs. Eil.
Miller, Frank.
Miller, Mrs. Frank.
Miller, Joseph.
Millett. John.
Mn.se, Miss .\nnie.
Maggie (at hotel).
McConnel, James.
Mason, Charles.
Nelson, N. L.
Nelson, Mrs. N. L.
Neal, Michael.
O'Neal, Mike.
Overton, Mary J.
Overton, Maggie.
Pralher, Dr. K. C.
Privthor, Dr. Hugh L.
Pralher, G. B. (mayor.)
P<illard, Ed. M.
Parham Miss.
PiU'kett, Geo. W.
Pohm, Mrs.
Person (child of).
Pcr.son, Louisa.
Ray.
Reasoner, Wni.
Roiilhac, George G.
Reid, R. J., Jr.
Simons, John.
Sherron, Thomas.
Sherron, Joseph.
Sherron, John.
Smith, O. P.
Seagrist, F^rank.
Seagrist. Mrs. l-'rank.
1 Seagrist, Otio.
I Si'agrist sou of),
j Stoner, Kate.
! Stoner, Fred.
[ Shoemaker, .lohn.
Shoemiiker, A.
Sohui. Mi.ss FvUreki)..
.Sohm, Willie.
Sohni, John
Sohm (chilli).
Stone, John.
Scherbe, Emil.
S imse, S.
Samse, Mrs. Ida.
Samsc, F.
Samse, Chas.
Samse, Mrs. F.
S ini.se, Henry.
Scharfe, Emih
Sampree, Ida.
Stephens, Mrs. I".
Sollis, Henry.
Sollis, Mary.
Titus, Nelson.
Thomas, Miss S.illi.'.
A IIISTOUY OP THE YELLOW FEVEXl.
VI.
Louisiana.— New Orleans.
Arbei-ies, Giovfiul.
Antonio, Miiriid.
A<hnirall. Isabella.
Antonio, Mary.
Aiuljers, Daniel.
Ackernuin, Joseph.
Arcliidell, Antonio.
Adams, L,
Adams, James.
Arms, Harry.
Antoine, Male d'.
Asclienbrenner, O.
Antcu, Anna A.
Amendt, Flor.
Anderson, Christian.
Anderson. Ida.
Avery, James.
Anderson, F, B.
Aborg, Mrs.
Augor, L. E.
Aubin, George S.
Adams, Jeanle.
Artigue, Fred.
Anastapiades, A.
Adams, Lonis.
Adams, George.
Adams, II. D.
Arnold, E.
Armstrong, E. L.
Anthony, "F. M.
Alonzo, X.
ArnbuU, Peter.
Alderni in, E. J.
Auer, Julia \V.
Allen. Lebe in V.
Aiigbeeker, An^.
Adams, W. N.
Aiigustin, J. A.
Adams, Flor. G.
Aikens, Jolm W.
Aliern, Patrick.
Anlonia, H. L.
Alber, J. N.
Apffel, Glib.
Ahlburn, Henry.
Adler, \Vm. S.
Assanti, J. DeP.
Allen, Mary J.
Appley, Blanche.
Augustine, Joseph.
Anderson, Martin.
Ayrand, Bascal.
Adams, Teresa.
Adams, Aleck.
Ames, Laura.
Alexander, F. 6.
Ault, Alvls.
Adele, Aloysius.
Andry, Charles J.
Allen, Nich.
Astrado, Antoniette.
Antelny, Leonce.
Artus, jiarid.
Abram J. J.
Allen, W. D.
Abtte, Johanna S.
Abbot, Clara.
An.sberv, Hugh.
Arnett, F. C.
Archallenberg, F.
Armas. D'Aniia,
Argentum, A. G.
Abner, E. D.
Anseman, Ernest V.
Areott, Lizzie.
Armstrong, S. H.
Arin, Bjnedicto.
Anderson, Charles W.
Arthurs, Wm. E.
Ai iuiuU, Genel.
Apken, Joseph.
Alito, Francisco.
Adelton; Wm.
Andrien, Jules.
Ajbers, John A.
Anthony, Francois M.
Alonno.Autonie.
Arnault, Peter.
Arnold, Edivard.
Armstrong, Ellen L.
Acker, Zavier.
Avaril, Camille.
Abadie, Henry.
Adler, Jennie".
Adamzig, Jacob
Ankar, Bessie.
Albert, Sister Josephine,
Aranes, John P.
Avery, James.
Andrews, Eli.
Anmto, t'orneto.
Anderson, Augustine.
.\ntonio, Andre.
Arasiase, Mrs. Alex.
Adams, Mrs. Eliza.
Andeek, Joseph.
Arnold, Mrs. J. N.
Adlier, Albert.
Apply, Blanche.
Avlgustins, Joseph.
Allen, Richard.
Aycock, Joseph.
Allen. Charles.
Angela.
Allen, John.
Andrett ', John.
Abadie, W'arie.
Amitt ■ Mr.
Abrahams, Elias.
Addicks, Matt.
Arbogas, .larques.
Augusti', .Mrs,
.\ntonini. .Vdolph.
.\itken, EKzabeth B.
Anders. m, Christine.
Anderson, Sarah.
Anderson, Martha.
Argenton, Antonie G.
Apps, Henrietta.
Abodie, Jean L.
Anthony, Michael.
Aul'demot, Mary.
Benedits, Salvadore.
Briichert, A.
Bird John.
Benton, Rosalie.
Burke, Jack.
Bibren, Charles.
Bugge, Diddeuka.
Brady, Mary.
Bokenfohr, "p.
Becker. Mary L.
Bruguiere, L .
Brennan, Joseph.
Brummer, T.
Barlow, Mary.
Benning, C. A.
Bussa, Fred.
Balancia, Paul.
Brown, Mi.ss Kate.
Betzer, Henry.
Baer, .Joseph.
Brown, Joseph.
Brnneau, J. M.
Bercier, Al. M. L.
Broyer, L. A.
Betancourt, J.
Brady, James.
Behla, Anna.
Bonge, Wm.
Bainsfather, J. C.
Berges, Laurent.
Brady, Theresa.
Bueler. Josephine.
Bmiisse. Odillie.
Brllalmcl, Ernan.
Barry, Mary L.
Burns, Robert.
Bernardo, Louisa.
Becker, Paul.
Biisil, Joe. •
B ■ruauer, Charles.
B'-'uarrie, Jean.
Butts, Warren S.
BiMw n, L,
Bradley, Wm.
Biri, Henry.
Brady.
Bumiy, Louis P.
Bergmann, Wm.
Baliluiii, Charles,
Briii,i:gol(l, K.
Baiisiiey, Sam.
Brilton, Annie.
Braig, James.
Bleiii, Juliet.
Burns, L. L.
Bradford, C. E.
Bathe, Mrs. Berth.
Bridge, Wm. B.
Brady, Andrew.
Baker, George L.
Bell, Laura.
Baker, Eli.
Bemar, Louis.
Bernier, E. M.
Beauman, C.
Brecht, J. E.
Burner, Margaret.
Burns. Edward.
Bersier, Paul.
Bickman, H. F.
Blake. Richard J.
Bailey, Agnes.
Bonnecarrere, M.
Bussaui, A.
Boshaus, Wm.
Boyarella, Jos.
Boiirgovne, H. V.
Bruns, Otlo.
Burkhardt, Geo.
Barnes, J. D.
Barnes. Robert,
Beauchere, C. K.
Bailey, Kate.
Boyle, Ada.
Bard in, Joseph.
Boreau, Mrs. D.
Bergeret, Jean M.
Boigelle, Mrs.
Bvrnes, James.
Bruns, Wm. H.
Brnmlel, Louisa.
Ballcs, Bernard.
Battu, James T.
Balds, Isadori.
Bewerung, Fred.
Beratina, Antonio.
Bruiniert, Augu.st.
Boehm, .lohn.
Budev. George.
Barbe, John.
Brown, Thomas.
Berlin, R. Alice.
Berrv, H D.
Botlick, Charles.
Berley, John.
Buchnian, Gotrla.
Bruet, Eugene.
Boiniier, Jean.
Bartel, Henry.
Bachcr, Marie L, J.
Berchcr, Fred.
Buffier, Auguste.
Bourgeois, H,
Batemore. Cieorge.
Baciagalopi, J.
Baratine, B.
Bonneaii, Henrj'.
Boticher, Charles.
]ire\vster, Mrs. M.
Bander, .\nna.
Bauman, Kev. G.
Braraton, Anna.
Batunstark, L.
BrUce, Marie.
Bower, Elizabeth.
Bessier, Marie.
Breen, Aleck.
Barnes, W,
Benton, Charles.
Byrne, Dr. J. G.
Bruccolori, Rosalie.
Berry, Ellen.
Bantz. Catherine.
Bretz, John B.
Barret, Patrick.
Brady, James.
Benecks, A.
Behune, Bern. J.
Barrett, John.
Becocque, John.
Boiihager, Fred.
Browne, Jlrs. E.
Burns, Elizabeth.
Brans, Perre.
Bruns, Rosalie.
Bence, Charles,
Bowels, G. B.
Bowman, Mrs. Anna &.
Brodel, Bernard.
Brown, Mary B.
Burns, Robert, C.
BUgge, W.
Barnett, John.
Boe, Louis,
Bache, Katie.
Birchmnn, Katie.
Benza, Richard.
Bofill, Paul H.
Bond, James W,
Brickel, Philip.
Batheinv, F. J.
Blank, Charles T.
Bogart, Francisco.
Beuz, Nellie.
Bermheim, J.
Bashonnse, F. V.
Broker, Louisa.
Bauder, George.
Bobo, B. A.
Bruno, Joseph.
Bailey, Kate.
Barnes, Sister.
Berno, D. F.
Beck, Fred.
Block, Gabe.
Bertrand, Aug.
Buogacre, Ed.
Blaiichnrd, W.
Babb, W. T.
Boden, Emile.
Behreus, Henry.
Bauman, John.
Baker, C. L.
Bergery, James P.
Burkman, Julius.
Brindamour, V.
Bernard, Maria,
Barber, Charles.
Bronj^es, Celina.
Boutinaro, Peter.
Berna, A.
Burk, Elizabeth.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEE
253
B;llirlarrl, Him. J.
)XMnilk'r, Will.
Jirniiinl, I'liilip.
llciuliiiif, ('liiirles.
Killiski, Wilhoit.
Biii'lie, Anna.
Brnily, Charles
Ki.ljiloto. -Mary J.
Bac'hinaii, Joseph.
Dliiemeyer. C. H.
Berniii.s, William.
Bal.l.it, A. D.
Buckliart. Bertha.
Benzel, Alice.
Biediiiger, Josephine.
Erase, Julius.
Borgns, Albert.
Bfruer, Teresa.
BerVaii, C. A.
Brigetta, Sister Mary.
Berriclis, John.
Burns, Kranklin.
Bridges, Abram B.
Baker, R. J. H.
Brady, F. \V.
Banzaiio, Blank.
Burke, Fritz.
Burst, Augustus.
Brown, .Sophia C.
Blanco, Catherena,
Butiier, Augusti.
Bonrgoin. H.
Bercier, Oscar L. F. L.
Berelier, Fred.
Biriiigman, John.
Barnes, Robert.
Barnes. Jeft'. D.
Buckhart, George.
Boyle, Ada.
Beauchare, Charles K.
Bouslcaur, William.
Burgoyne, Henrietta B.
Burns, Otto.
Busnna, Antionette.
Bogaretta, Joseph,
Brady, Andrew.
Baker, George M.
Burg, Catherine.
Brens, Ida.
Bamatto, John.
Black, J. W.
Bullet, William.
Boliiie, Dora H.
Bloodgood, C. B.
Birch, John.
Beret, Marie.
Bird, Annie.
Buckley. Mary D.
Betti.son, Agnes .S.
Bouruy, Mary P.
Banas,' .Mary W.
Bires, Willie.
Black, Edmund.
Berthand, Mary A.
Benecke, \.
Bnurg, Philip.
Bastino, John.
Burgone, John D.
Bullit, Louisa.
Baldwin, tlulbert S.
Biza, Adam.
Bertucei, S.
Bahl, Fred.
Blucmenson, Ig.
Beverly, Kccd.
Bise, Cleavely.
Belireus, William.
BiUhelar, Mary E.
Block, Blanche.
Blessev, Florence A.
Block," Alice.
Brown, Augusta.
Bieblizka, Anna.
Britten, Edward.
Block, Lucy.
Boufettc, Charles.
Bassett, Nicholas.
Bawman, Aleck.
Baldwin, Mrs. Ella W.
Bonnetts, Mary,
Blancn, Jean Marie,
Baucourt, Lucene.
lienson, C. L.
Bell, (ieorge.
Blnnuin, lienry.
Haca?(, .Afarie.
Bender. Andrew K,
Bamford H.
B(aiich, Mrs. Rosa.
Bonich, Victoria.
Beacondray. Aug.
Brnguius, John.
Heli; Frank.
Bloclier, Herman.
B-'rg, Charle.i.
Blume, Charles.
Buryniens, James.
Bernhardt, John F.
Boyle, P. J.
Breman, Edward.
Benz, Mary E.
Brennan. Willie.
Braun, Matilda.
Begue, I'eter.
Beunedettode, G.
Basby, Mrs. .Sallie.
Balla, Cu-nius.
Blasini. Elizabeth.
Brun, Patrick,
Bryant. Anna.
Buras, Mary A.
Brown, W. J.
Bcrniol, Aleck.
Braselman, Guy.
Boyne, Hubert B.
Brewster, Annie S.
Bordeware, Pierre.
Beaudenas, Didie F.
Balla, Mrs. Rosa.
Bri< kmann, Herman.
Barr, .VIbcrt.
Bnrke. Mary.
]{ossaut, Edgar.
Butler, Walter, J.
Bardsell, Henry.
ISrimslonc, Alex.
Beri\-, J. A.
Barr, .Tames E.
Bernhardt, Pauline.
Brcnirner, H.
Buck. M. J.
Barnctt, Ji'red.
Beecher, Rev. J. C.
Benton, Charles.
Byrne, Dr. J. O.
Bruccolori, Rosalie.
Berry, Ellen.
Bentz, ( 'atherine.
Bietry, John B.
Barrett, Patrick.
Brady. James.
Barnes, Edmund W.
Brock, .Anna M.
l?rion, Henry De.
Rocker. I'eter.
Boyle, Charles.
Bruno, Marie.
Borasi'o, Dominico.
Bn-inond, Ililarian.
Brllfa, Benedetto.
Biss(Jin, Andreas.
Brown, Malone.
fi ller, .lohii.
Brady, .lames.
Britton. .lohn.
Bundy, Mrs. L. F.
Bahiinio. Leo.
BelfMi, Loni.<e.
Bush, .Samuel.
Bender, U.
Brown, Edward J.
Braun, Louis.
Brady. Th(jmas J.
Bi rderau. A.
Blalies, (.'liarles.
Bradlcv. Robert L.
Belaire. L. H.
Bluhm, Louis.
Bannoii, Andrew".
Bauniall, Henrieh.
Jirctauo, Adolph,
Battle, William.
Baily, Mary.
Brown, liregory.
Barnes, Robert.
Bell, Jo^eph.
BeiLsoii, -VHred.
Brouii, Eiiward.
Bi-andt, (;hri.stina.
Bagale, Mrs. G.
liachcr. .loseph.
liarthelmy. L. H'.
Brown, Anna M.
Brady, E.
Belircna, C.
Brennan, Edward.
Belt, Charles R.
Beizie, Marv J.
Babeock, Or.son S.
Jiucbler, Rudolph.
Bayst, August.
Beryaiis, Joseph.
Beaumont, SamueL
Buono, .Salvador.
Barnes, Mi^s Harriet.
Brugiiieii, Amedee.
Baumaii, Fred.
Burns, 'I'liomas.
Beroiii, Lena.
Byers, Edward M.
Bobne, Henry.
Bniiis, Mr.
Bauman. Sophie.
Baltz. Alexander.
Benzie, B. M.
Billard, I^ucie.
Barnes, .Matilda J.
Beilr.nid, Henry.
Bannnann, John.
Baker, C. M.
Barkmaii, Julius.
ISiiell, Jimmy.
BtMiner, Jelf
Blal;c, James.
Baratinni, Maria.
Butlei-, Sister T 0.
Birkenroad, Julius.
Berkel, Fred. W.
Bordes, Mary.
Bi.iigie, Paul.
Brouc, Jean.
Baur, Theodore.
Barry, James.
Catania, (icorge.
Criiclu'iit, Mrs. A.
Cloney, Miles.
< 'oiiiielly, John.
( 'onstantiiie.
Cnllen. Mary Ann.
Cunniii.uhaili, Wm.
Crncheiit, Jose.
Clark, Waller.
Connor. Michael.
Clairal, Felicie,
Cocliran, James.
Cainella, Salvador.
Cordes, Mrs.
Comfort, Wm.
Botogniro, Anthony.
Curtis. James.
Coughliii, Richard.
Christopher, John.
Conners, James.
Cazzclla, Santina.
Chapsky, Hugo.
Cullen. .Alice A.
Carran, Mrs. O. J.
Carrieie, l-'rank N.
Coatcs, Mrs. S. A.
( 'amien.'^ki. F.
Camillc, (instave.
Coinov, Fred.
Cabariol, Mrs. Rosa L.
Chietta, Pietro,
Cartel, Leon.
Cleaver, Henry.
Conners.
Cariiovaii, Cario.
Cosenana, Maria.
Cazoux, Bernard.
( oil ins. Mary,
f'anepa. Rosalie,
Croix. Dela.
Chapman, Henry.
<'hri^ty, Henry.
Camila, ( 'restina
Clain, August.
Cundifi; ,Jas. B.
Christiana, An.
Casio, tleroniino.
Clanious, John.
Claude. Mrs. M.
Clement. Lcaiis.
Campliell, Sarah.
Casey, Mary.
CaZeres, Wm.
Carbini, NicoLl.
Church, John.
Catalana, Rileta.
Checayielia, Philip.
Cashell, Emma J.
Cornelius, Pliilip.
Callery, Cecelia.
Cataloiia, A.
Craft, ('harles.
Cliaries, Henry.
Conrad, Lena.
Campbell, E. E.
Clark, Maguie.
Cahlwell, M. F. •
Casey, Hugh W^
Charlton, Wm.
Cramniond, J. E.
Coftrey. F. D.
Curia, Dominico.
Cauius. G. A.
Camo, Lizzie.
Clavich, Mateo,
•-■iillen, .lohn M.
Colieii, Rebecca.
Cop)ici>mith, Henry.
< 'aiialliii.'i, Louisa.
Coiniolly, Mag.trie.
Cazatit. Alexander.
Connel. Jian. R.
Curry, Terrence.
<'iental. I'aschal.
Collins. Frani is.
cliilord. Mary.
Cazale, -Adelaide.
( 'ojips, J. P.
Cleary, Mary E.
Converse, Daisy.
Chew. .1. D.
Covington, N.
Couneis, Mrs.
Casteretto, J. B.
Chandler, D. R.
Cottam, R. A.
Collery, Michael.
Catios, I^o.^a.
Cloiizet, Rosette.
Chacoreau, Louis.
Clemments, John.
Camachc, Jonatlian.
Calle.ia, .loseph.
Cazeaux, Emile.
Caiiela, Antonio,
cnark, Sarah J.
Chapman, J F.
Connigan, Mary.
Cochran. Mary A.
Crawford. J. A.
Chalan, Julius C.
Calvert, Mrs. M. A.
Corry, Arthur.
Caleb, Rosa.
Ca.shell. Eugene,
('onnelly, James.
Cohman, Mary,
fjialin, FrciL
Carlisle. Edward,
('asliell, Joseiih.
Coltraro, ( 'allora.
Collell, Nidam.
Clark, Eliza be til.
A HISTOnY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
ruttor, Ella J.
(.'uui.stoek, C. B.
Cook, Wallis.
Clitirles, S.
Curien, Arraauld.
Conill, Jiiints.
Congo t, L. A.
Cu;i£e, Fran.
(;inaii, Philip,
(/'lark, James.
Curtis. Trnniaii.
Carmille, Mrs. A.
Court, Atrifa.
Covvperthwaite, Hoiiry.
( ■barton, J. N.
Compter, S. A.
<'ox, James K.
Campbell, XI.
CiiUigan, N.
Cbarto, Jacinuo.
Cabero, M. C.
(latola, Jean.
Capas, Henry.
Cook, Thomas N.
Chaviiri;ny, Louise.
Cable, Georije B.
Chibnall Wm.
Caruso, Luea.
Cady, Jacob.
Canella, John.
Conte, Pierre.
Crews, (ieorgo.
(%nry, Fannie.
C'uilte, Eniile.
Casanbor, Alex.
C.ihill, James.
Corbin, John H.
Conrad, Emma.
Cavauaugli, Martin.
Cook. John Lewis.
Clarac, Josejjh.
Coughlin, James,
chopen, Anna.
Carbos, P. G.
Caster, Camille.
Condon, Richard.
Clayton, Joseph.
Cliew, J. D.
Converse, Daisy.
Christ, (Jeorge.
<'hard(>n, \Vni.
('r.imoiid, J Emily.
Caffrey, F. Demoret.
Capo, Prosper.
Clarke, Maggie.
Conrad, Lena.
Gallery, Cecelia.
Campbell, Esther E.
Catalana, Antonie.
(.'harles, Hen ry.
Carey, Hugli W.
Ciiambora, John.
Comes, Blaise.
Caranibat, E. D.
<'oalos, Maud A.
( 'ox, Teresa A.
Clark, .Sarah J.
Chapman, John T.
Cunditr, Virg. T.
Cazaloote, Bertrand
Colegoro, Dimetry.
Clesta, .-Vntonio.
Oorisse, Pierre.
Casson, Widow.
Colome. Henry.
Chantelou, Edward.
Cassady Emanuel.
Charlton, Eva L.
Castoppor, Anton ie.
<-ase, George.
Capuano, Julia.
Cooper, James.
Carroll, Timothy.
Colozero, Annieall.
Conovan, .Tohn.
Conway, Michael.
Coyne, Thomas.
Coffee, Ci 'orge B.
Ciiaery, B.'rtha.
Close, David.
Christina, Leonarda.
Cioccio, Giacliiu.
Capriana, Aug.
Caslaing, Cath.
Conuell, R.
<?ostello. Miles.
Canto, Gabriel.
Comanda, Goetano.
Collins, J.
Cohen, Joseph H.
(;()hen, Solomon J.
Camash, Robert.
Connelly, Andrew.
Calamara, Antoni.
(Uark, Sarah S.
Carbo, Tony.
Coggshall, S. W.
Cahnbley, Theo.
Cohen, Lena.
Coffin, Francis.
Cribbins, Joseph.
Casey, John \V.
Ceres, Gabriel.
Chapsky, Albert.
Conolly, Joseph.
Colinsky, Earnest.
Coockmeyer, Louisa.
Caw, Herbert.
Ceres, Marie.
Chabretto, John.
Creelambon, L.
Cardenas, Andrew.
(;iorezette. Rosette.
Chacorer.u, Louis.
Clements, John.
Camach, Jonathan.
Calli,ja, Joseph.
Cazeanx, Onule.
Canela, Antonio.
Chadwick, Joseph.
Conley, Mary.
Craren, Margareth.
Camilla, Anna.
Cohen, Henry S.
Champagne, Louis.
Chiaca, Theo.
Corrers, Concetta G.
Corrers, Concetta.
Coleman, Ella.
Caldovora, Angelina.
Can field, iSIartin.
Croze, Camille de Bres.
Chevrean, Marie.
Chadwick, Winfred.
Converse, W. H,
Clars, Bridget.
Carney, \Vm.
Cicero, Salvador La.
Chartonez, John.
Coulan, James.
Campbell, Anna.
Chiappetta, Antonio.
Cramond, Henry A.
Cheehan, Laurence.
Cherrowillett, Cezar.
Conrad, James.
Cefalu, Conehela.
Cousins, Marv E.
Cahill, P.itrick.
Catral, Jacob.
Clark, Margaret.
Clary, Joseph M.
Crabe. Perrie.
Codings, Joseph W.
Clarke, Mvra May.
Costley. T'. W.
Croll, Anna M.
Connors. Thomas.
Clement, Charles.
Czarwick, Anton.
CaftVey, Patrick.
Charlton, Ida L.
Carter, Xlary.
Colica, GLsvan.
Capus, Henri.
Chavigny, Louise.
Cooke, Thomas F.
Carey, Joseph K.
I Carbarini, Anna.
Collier, Cienevive C.
I Clearv, Marv E,
Cvrniis, K. A. St.
! Camille.
I ( hirk, Helen C.
Calamar, Dominico.
Capley. Albert K.
Caniblong. Bevnara.
Coleman, Wood.
Calderaro. Manuel.
Dium, Luui.sa.
Diier, Michael.
Druilliitl, .loseph.
Doiilloig, Alexandre.
Del'aMiuali, Marie.
Duthilth, Mrs. A.
Dousse, Henry.
Divincenzo, Antonio.
Dulsheiraer, Stella B.
Deyleman, John.
Dotto, Antonio.
D Heremberg, Mrs. A.
Duprey, Francois.
Dietrich, Barbara.
Dillman, Mrs. Delia.
Denny, Michael.
Dohonev, Michael.
Depke, Fred. H.
Diedricb. Aleves.
Dreenerding, Phil.
Despow, Marie.
DutFy, James.
Dedelot, Marie.
Doane, Albert C.
Daverede, Pierre.
Doran, John.
Desl'orgcs, Louis B.
Dantin, Eugene.
Dandous, Marv.
Dalev, Patrick".
DeBlane, Mary L.
Doran, Michael.
Delaney, Michael.
Dupreux, Mrs. Julia.
Davis, Louis.
Due, John.
Dermody, James A.
Doueys. Mrs. Beruan.
Derr, Henry W.
Dicks, Eva.
Dibetta, Philomenr.
Doyle, James W.
Dietrick, W. A. L.
Dertel, Louise.
Dupont, Gabriel.
Delia, Magdalena.
Dietrick, E B. G.
Donahoe, Julia.
Daray, Jeanne.
Dul)6l'er, Charles.
Dntilh, August.
Dantoni, Maria.
Durgin, Daniel.
Dauterive, B. B.
Dasiagne, A.
Dencausse, F.
Drury, Ellen M.
Desnda, Marco.
Donnelly, James.
Deneur, ,1.
Doreiiberger, L.
Dusium, Gustave.
Daulignan, M.
Defcss, Marie.
Dolan, Frank.
Dawson, James.
DeLaney, James.
Dantoni, Maria.
Devere, K ite F.
Doyle. Wni.
Denerling, G.
Dnpny, Chas.
Dwyer, Wm.
Dmring, Lavinia.
Dayeson, Pierre.
Dobbs, Mary.
Dovle. Thomas.
Drouett, C. M.
Dutrcy. Mario.
Dominique, Mrs J.
Dixel. George.
Dnbret. Martha.
Daly. Mary A.
1 )e Forest. James S.
Delarno, Angelo.
Davis, H. W.
Dulour, J. B.
Davis, S. A.
Dwyer, Theresa.
Desdunes, M'lde.
Duchin, Victor.
Dautrive, Marie J.
Denn, James.
Dilkenkopier, W.
Denice, Mabel.
Durward, G. H.
Donnelly, Mary J.
Duprat, Aleck.
Davenport, .Sam.
Dupont, J. M.
Doughty, C. F.
Duba, J. S.
Duffy, Owen.
Dagiien. Wm.
Deal, John E.
Dowie, Robert.
Donagan, Mary.
Druck, Henry.
Drop, N.
I Dcshane. H.
Doanl, Owen E.
Duer, Jacob.
Dumniermath, John.
Daily, Thomas.
DcLa, Renos M.
Daborg, Raymond.
Depke, Aug.
Downing, Wm.
I Davis, Oliver,
j Dilaruza. Rosa,
i Dixon, Marv.
I Damilo. L. S.
Domerque, J.
Duptils, Louis.
Dupuls, Marie.
Downeys, Jean.
Daniels, Mary.
Dorson, Robert.
Davis, Felicia.
Dnzere, Jean N.
Dubois, Michael.
Degat, John.
Dalv, Jlicliael.
Deering, H. F. T.
Dejan. Gaston li.
Dondle, Clias.
Demuth, Maggie L.
Duborctti, John.
Drier, M.
Daly, John.
Dawson, H. E.
Dugerre, Pierre.
Dargle. Julia.
Doherty, C. C.
Davis, Jo.
Dei trick. Aug.
Duffy, Willie.
] Dauljitz, I'anl.
I Doane, A. C.
I Deltoz, Miss B.
Digan, Laurence.
Oottne, Susan.
DeBodlin, T.
Durby, Jo.seph.
Disbia, Oscar M.
Delary, Aug.
Daniels, Joseph.
DeLate, Edward.
Diermann. Joli t.
D'tton. James A.
Doyle, Mary.
Diermann, Barb.
Donehne, Michael.
Dovle, Margaret.
Deigad, B. H.
Decan, Geo. R.
Darlin, Tlios. A.
A HISTORY OF THK YELLOW FEVER,
255
Du~o, Armaiirl.
Duncan, TIkis. F.
Defei-es, J[nrie.
Daley, Miiry.
Ditz, Constance.
Dicket. Philip.
Douuhty, Charles.
Dulfy, Owen.
D irsin, W'm.
Diifiiur, .lean B.
Du-yer, Tere-sa.
Davis, Liua A.
Dennis, Harry Wm.
Deerini;. L:ivinia.
Dietz. ,I(is('i>h,
Davizau, Pierre.
Donnelly, Joanna.
Danhauer, E.
Decider, Kat.ei
Delaeroix, M. A.
Deljut, I'aul W.
D-'lham, Angii.stine.
Deiinagro, .S.
Diermann, Val.
Danorelle, Joiin.
Dionias, Mario.
Doussau, Marie.
Deveiie.ss, L. H. II.
Divestin, M. M.
Dietz, Joseph.
Dovel, D. E.
Dertilo.
Davis, Jerrv.
Defestns, E. C.
Dumerge.s, Jolin.
Deioehe, Rosa.
Devlin, Jack.
Doyle, .\gnes.
Dietz, Rosanna.
Demerest, George.
Dennnzio, Natale.
Davidson, Rev. A.
Dnff, Maggie.
Day, Thos. O.
Drewry, Janie.s.
Dooley, M.
Donolly, James.
Donaldson, Mioma K.
Davine, Mary Ann.
Del;iv, .1. H.
Davis. L.
D'-\mi<'o, Vietor.
Drum, Mary I.
I'liyle, George.
Douley, John.
Diiranrl, A.
Delaiiry, John.
Dimean, John.
Doyle, Mary.
Oupuy, Blanche.
Doerr, Lewis.
DarabelH, Jo.
Dedon, .\nnie.
Daoley, Mrs. Jane.
Davenport, Thos. F.
Davie-s, Mary.
Dufreshon, Lewis.
Donnelly, Pat.
Davis, Jiary J.
Dielman, M.
Dissao, Eugene.
Dahl, Charles.
Dana, Caleb R.
D'Mega, Hen. Estelle.
Darzie, Kate.
Despominiers, Auguste.
Deshani, II.
Doanl, Owen K
Duer, Jacob.
Dnmmermuth, John.
Dailey, Thos.
Dourin, Marie.
Dillon, Melanie.
Davis, Joseph.
Davis, Theresa.
Daubaner, Geo.
Extersteiii, Aug. W.
Edmoiidson, Rebecca.
Eiger, George.
17
EMer, A. M.
Esconde, Josic.
Everett, George.
Edier, Lonis.
Edwards, T. B.
IClernlurg, George.
Kig;ni, James.
Krne, C.iroline.
iM'dsniandorlf, Maria,
lillinuer. Marie.
ICIiner, Mrs.
Endeft'iies, E.
lOstnido, Jnlin.
Earse, Jolni A.
Every, Luciana.
Eagan, Kate.
IClerninii. Jnseph.
Elliott, (George.
Imiciis, Mary.
EiiL'el, John.
ICciner, Frank.
Enuuniel, Mary.
Effiiiger, Lucie.
Evei'S, H. M.
Evving, ICmraa.
Eseat, Alice.
Einerlein, H. John.
Jieveran, Benedict.
Elg(.Te, Ell.
Elsenson, N.
lOlder, Alfred,
lilsingcr, (;.
Eploriani, .SLstsr Mary.
Evans, R F.
Estebcnet, F.
Eii.stace, M.
Ecklott, Bro. Sylvanus.
Escaaz, Jean E.
I'jilison, Laura.
Eagen, Mrs Ann.
ICscudi, Vineeul.
Eaton, Jo-eph.
Esieberal, Francois.
Edward.s, James W.
Esciiref, Jo. M.
Estrado, Raymond.
Enbanks, .Teniiie.
Esoobedo, Jo. A.
Enrich, Alice.
E igan, Anthony J.
Evans, Fred. J.
linscace, Joseph.
Eyrich, Adolphe.
Estrado, Paulino.
Eggers, William.
Eriicher, John,
Eutrikeii, Samuel.
En pel, B irbara.
Effinger, Lucie.
Ehrenbernei-, Amelia.
Eaves, Alfred.
Eljerharilt, xMrs. M. M.
Edler, Alfred.
Elseiioolin, Nicholas.
Eriinger, Caroline.
E!gire, Edward.
Eim«, James.
ICseuili, Tlieophili.
I'orest, John J.
l'"ilznua ranee, jMichael.
l''itzpatriek, Mary.
Fitzpairii-k, Kate.
Fenney, Denny.
Forest, .^nnie.
Frank, A.
Fitzriatrick, William.
Ford, John
Flovirade, I'lorence.
Frederirk, Charles.
Fil/.patriek, Jule.
Ferrer, Catellina.
Fitzpatrick, Camclia.
Fulner. Anton.
Ford. Mrs. Annie E.
Fitz^ibbous, Mrs. E.
I<\'rnon, John.
Fl vnn, A iinie E.
Foster, Eilgar.
Francis, Marie.
Fox, Thomas.
Feiiero, Amliew.
FitZ'4ibl>oii, .\iid.
l'"oria.ssil. Marie.
Freiieriek, Frank.
Fernandez, Margaret.
Franz, Anna.
Ferguson, A.
Flanaagan, T. (Bro. C).
Farina. Muncio.
Freen<ir, Charles.
Fonl, Hannah.
I'Ord, .Alice.
Flack, George F.
Flinch, Joseph.
Faust, H. Ludwig.
Fisher, I^on i.sa P. G.
Fahrner, Aiuiie.
Finuegan, C. A.
Flake. Catherine.
Fry, Violet.
Fallnr. Hogan.
Fix. Mina.
Fergu.son, E, G.
Flcnuning, William.
Flannaghan, John.
FonviruMie, R.
Fitzwrald, G.
Fourney, Louis.
Fritsche, Robert.
Fort, Mary C.
Fitzgerald. A. J.
Ferrette, Roza.
Foester, Paul.
Flynn, Margaret.
Fu.st, JIary.
Fisher, Antonio.
Felin, Lizette.
Flack, Annie JI.
Ferrand, (.'ozaniar.
Foisher, Louisa.
Fust, Mrs. Kate.
Fegnatn, Joseph.
Fnid;, F.
Furgusoii, Louise.
Fraiize, Ida.
Fisher, Louis.
Francis, J.
Ferrand, J. J.
Florimon, Franlc.
Ferran, Salvino.
Friend, Vietor.
Fanre, Jean Paul.
Flannegan, Joseph.
Froted, Nic'olena.
Fisher, Elizabeth.
Funk, F.
Fcjld, Henry.
Foley, John.
Foster. Rev. Tipp.
FoiTOriela, A.
Frice, Sf)pliia.
Fischer. L.
I'isher, Daniel.
Fable, ( harle.s.
Flourcade. Catherine.
Freni y, Lillian.
Fanre, Jeanna.
Fourot, A. Frances.
Fisliel, Mrs. Lewis.
Fonl, Michael.
Ferana, D.
Foster, Charles.
Favelora, Angelo.
Fullon, Miss A. M.
Fallon, John.
Frenderberg, George.
Flynn, Kate E.
Foer.ster, Fred.
FreiUig, Fred.
Francisco, Jo. H.
Ferina, Peter.
Fletcher, Henry.
Fitte, Louisa.
Frederico, (iuiseppe.
Frennara, Ignazio.
Ferguson, Mary L.
Fcahney, Kate.
Faller, .Johii.
Fix, Jlinor,
Ferguson. Ellen G.
Fuchs, John.
Falche, Dominica
Fazello, Rose.
Ferina, Joseph.
Fl didio, Vicenzo.
I'ranco, Nicoks.
Florentine, D.
Frege, Emile.
Fitzgerald, Eugene.
Faber, Philip.
Ferrv, Jfi.sej)!!.
Fazzin, Elizabeth F.
Ferrar, Macali.
Fritz, Emile.
Fieri, ^tepliano,
Fueio. Laciano.
Fazelli, Philippi.
Foucou, Oval.
Fine, Henry E.
Francis, Eddie.
Fahey, J. L.
Foley, Edmund J.
Francis, Mrs. G.
Fernandez. A.
Fielling, Henry.
Florrinon, Francois,
i'ernandez, Ainia M.
Foster, Zella E.
Ferris, Sirs. A. M.
Ffirniaris, Eugene.
Fitz, William.
Feiguson, Eliza.
Feriier, CiabriUe.
FIvini, James.
Fritz, John D.
I'itze, Jo.seph R.
Fricliette, Jane.
Fi.'-cher, Daniel.
Freret, Annand.
Ferring, James.
Frcek, John.
Fiaid;, fieorge.
Ftaivergue, Raoul.
I'lemniing, William.
Flanagan, John.
I'Viurcade, Cath.
Frendenthal, .Vlbert.
Foley, William.
Foster, Kev. T.
Fitzgerald, Katie.
Funck, George.
Field. Clara.
Ficdmaini, William.
Fearson, Lnla A.
Forter, Arthur B.
Graham, John.
Gallagher, Jlorris.
Geriiou, Julia.
Gilmore, Louis J. B.
Griflith, Grace.
Gorman, John.
Gorgi.s, E.
Gerhnger. Lewis.
Geheeb, Charge.
Guerchaux, E. D.
Gover, George W.
Graham, L. R.
Gibbons, Pat.
Griffin, John.
(Jerard, A.
Graney, .lames.
Gurt, Marin.
Gatte, Carman.
CJross, Mis. K F.'
Gallagher, Ed.
Ciauclie, Viola.
Ganiiall, B. R.
Guii iiii, Mrs.
Cfardner, Wm. F.
Graham, John F.
Gray, IMinerva.
Ginird, I'Iger.
Groch, Fred.
Gerard, tiaroline.
Gull, E. A.
Ghee Chow Ah.
Gavlina, Antonie.
256
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
Graumanu, A.
Galhiglicr, P.
Gaviiine, G.
Goscr, Henrietta,
(iormaii, J.
Gillurc-, Eihvard.
Gregory, Thomas.
Gris'bum, Nora.
G.):il, Mrs.
G iUaway. Win.
Gleason, John.
Gleeny, .\ndrew.
Gav, Cliarles.
Gilman, W. S.
Gerachi, Natiilie.
GarUoii, Matilda.
Gast, John.
Galle, Josephine.
Garces, Joseph.
Gage, Marie,
(iladinger, W. S.
Gunther, Joseph.
Gazara, Pasq.
Giller, Kli C.
Gannon, Steven.
Garritty, Daniel P.
Glass, Henry.
Garcissi, Anna.
Gnenanlt. Oscar.
Gamotis, Miss A.
G.'-aftj, Jolm, Jr.
Gntenberg, K.
Gatem.in, A,
Gnerin. V.
<; iliginaii, Mary,
(ineriiis, Stefano.
Gaily, Mary.
Green, JIargaret.
Giles Wui. F.
(ionraoi, J.
(iaseisi, ilaria.
Gammon, Thomas,
(ieneva, Adesio O.
GoushofT, C. R.
Gilbert, Otto.
Ciallagher, J. P.
(jeraley, Loiiise.
• iary, Bridget,
(ibivearo, Mattie.
(iraves, H. F.
(iebaner, G.
(lardner, K.
Glaviano, L.
GiUartin, America.
Givens, Mary V.
Groom, L. A.
Gregory, Maggie.
(Jormlev, Ala.
Gillis, K. H.
Gaston, Paul.
Grauzin, Carrie.
Gerard, George W.
Goldsmitli, Wm.
Golmisno, S.
Garcissi, Joseph.
Granna, Antonio.
Gordere, Louis.
Greatna, G. H.
Gearday, Mrs. Bazil.
Geale, John.
Glaeer, Louis.
Gallagher, Dr. C.
Grossweiler, E. G.
Gerday, Pauline.
Gregefis, Demetry.
Gnthrie, Joseph,
(iiargi, Joseph,
(iaraufio, Paulini L.
Goldsmith, Henry.
Gallagher, Thomas J.
(iadol, Jean Emile.
Graude, Antonio.
(JiUen, J. J.
Gibbons, Mrs.
Grat'enheim, Jacob.
Gillespie, Michael.
Glenn, W. L.
Geuder, Andre.
Guiseppe, Giacommo.
Glenn, Philip.
Garcia, Julia.
Garcia, Anna.
Grauel, Karl.
Gorman, Joseph.
Gouffier, Francois.
Gloetten, Biirbara.
German, Lize.
Golden, Bernard A.
Gell, Eaward.
Gunseead, Oscar.
Gndenan, Peter.
Gregory, Michael.
Goclce, Anna.
Gannon, Stephen.
Garrity, Daniel P.
Glass, Henry.
Gardner, J. P.
Gibbons, Maggie.
Girardano, Antonio.
Grant, Mary L.
Grebe, Lonis.
Gonnan, James.
Guderain, Maggie.
Gratf, Dillon.
Glass, Mrs.
Glass, Edwani.
Ganman, John M.
Gneitas, Colombau.
Gugel, Henry.
Geehan, Laurence.
Gueble, Rene.
Gebhard, John.
Gninshorn, F. J.
Garrity, Mary E.
Garrera, .A.ntonio.
Gossweiler, Eraile.
Gaillardo. Gaetano.
Gleason, John A.
Griffin, G. W.
Geretz. F.
Gnnnell, Florida.
Gardere, Jennie.
Gnnnell, Sarah.
Gaillardia, Angelina.
Gibbons, Edward.
Gadd, James.
Gordon, Henry.
Gormlv, Ala.
Gillis, R. H.
Gregory, Miss Mag. H. C.
Gaston, Paul.
Griffin, Eliz.
Gay, Edward J.
(iravburn, Mrs. Jlinnio.
GiU'is, Eliz.tbeth.
Guerin, Isabella.
Gross, N.
Gaillardanno, Alice.
Garcissi. Joe.
Grunewald, Henry A.
Green, Barnes.
Goelsenleuchter, L.
Gas, Jennie D.
Gregory, Joseph.
Grefer. Henry.
Gliss, Lizetta.
Gannon, Frank.
Gilmore, Roliert.
(Jriiber, Jacob.
Guillot, Albertine.
Gninault, Oscar.
Garcissi, Anna.
Gatts, John.
Gardy, Eliza.
Granna, Anna.
Gurniot, Heloise.
Gernon, Robert K.
Garbini, G.
(iranrin, Paul.
Goctz, J. A. E.
Haser, Magilalena.
Kartell, Samuel.
Hcrnandes, Paschal G.
Hammond, Sarah.
Hughes, Delia.
Hagiiman, M.
Heru'y, Fannie M.
Herbeline, Blanche.
Harris, Annie.
Hauton, Suphia M.
Harr.m. Wm.
Hughes, James.
Houes. Clias. J.
Healy, John.
Hirme, Edward.
Healy. Tiiomas.
Hentlerson, Viola.
Hett, Juliauii.
Hilbert, Henry.
Hvland. Michael.
ILnry. 0. H. P.
Hilborn, Manetta.
Hunter, O. B.
Henrj- Wm.
Healey, Pat.
Head, John.
Herndon, Dr. C. L.
Hunt, Wm. B.
Hctip, Joseph.
Holich, W. P.
Heissel, Joanna.
Hamilton, Sam.
Hess, John L.
Hunson, Tlios. J.
Hagan, Marv.
Heels, Willie.
HacUey, James.
Harrison. Caroline.
Henry, Mary A.
Hughes, Joe E.
Herbert Charles.
Hurschman, M.
Hamilton, C.
Hutchinson, H.
Healy, M. H.
Howe, R. A.
Huge, Louisa.
Hamilton, Robert
Hogan, M.
Hardonsette, E. L.
Hausler, Kate.
Hotard, James E.
Howgneltas, F.
Hartnntt, E. J.
Hansche, Robert.
Henis, A.
Harrigan, Patrick.
Hasia, Antonio.
Held, Gerhard.
Held, Fnuik A.
Hart, John.
Hubert, Peter.
Hubbes, Christian.
Holabeiser, Jo.
Higginbotham. Helen A.
Hamblet, Henry.
Hennessy, M.
Hans, John.
Hnhner. Geoi^e.
Hasheni, L. A.
Hughes, R. G.
Herron, Mrs.
Holland, Emily.
Ho:.;an, Vincent.
Hahn, Henrv.
HoUerbach, Ella.
Hayes, Henry.
Hniislaner, Christian.
Hill, Harry.
Holahan, Marv.
Harri.son, E. W. B.
Hughes, Granger.
Hay mi. Geo.
Hearn, Jnsejjh O.
Hany, Victor.
Hassan, A.
Hasse. Robert.
Hussey, A W.
Harrison, Geo. H.
Highly, Mrs. Harriet,
Hiiil", Jacob.
Hansbursr. Thos.
Hemard, W. J.
Herman, F.
Hansen, John F,
Hinton, Fred.
Hendricks, Mrs. Sophia.
Hubbcrt, Jlrs. Cath.
Harlnett, M.
Holmes, S.
Hughes, M. E.
Hudson, Annie.
Harris, Louis.
Harvey, Willie.
Huss, Alphonse.
Heimke, F. W.
Hahn, Wm.
Hawly, Ellen.
Hargiin, JIary L.
Hupp, Wm.
Howe, Mrs. 0. M.
Houder, John.
Hayes, Charlie.
Hare, James M.
Himcs, Wm. E.
Ho\ila, Rhoda.
Humbert, Jean.
Haskin, C. M.
Hammozeri, Ed.
Howe, Isabel.
Ham el, Eliz.
Harder, Emile.
Haul, Mrs. Alfred.
Heck, Mrs. John.
Haas. Adolphns.
Hanev, Albert O. C.
Hunt; H. H.
Hart. John.
Heryeg, S.
Harsev, Henry.
Hern, 'a. S. J.
Hotlt, L. L.
Hestler, Maria.
Heyn, Margaret.
Horteriche, Master.
Hupp, Rosa.
Hauharlt, Oscar.
Herriraan, A.
Harden, Wm.
Hall. Albert J.
Herris, A.
Hussey, G. A. O.
Hacker. Edward.
Harrison, Stella.
Harden, Fanny.
Hoskins. Ezekiel.
Hogan, Hattie.
Huss, Charles.
Horn. Wm.
Hall, J. R.
Hauck. Nicholas.
Hansen, Maggie JI.
Hart, John.
Harris, L.
Hardy. Geo. W.
Haywood. Carrie.
Hatch, Emile H.
Herring. C. Maiie.
Hofi'er. Mrs. Josephine.
Hart, Charlotte C.
Heitt, J. W.
Ho^vard, Geo. W.
Hoft'man, Frooich.
Hanton, Geo. A. J.
Holzer, Kate.
Hofer, .-^nna.
Holland. John H.
Hahn. Wm.
Hess, Edward.
Hall, Geo. F
Hamilton, Eliz.
Hodge, Mrs. E. K.
Houston, Mary.
Holger, Fritz.
Ha.gan. Mrs. M. A.
Heiman, Moritz.
Haberg, Louis.
Hien, Otto.
Hudson, Anna.
Hogan, Callont.
Hiiies, John.
Heisoh, Catherine.
Harri.son, Claudia.
Harri.son, Loretta.
Hartner, Margaret.
Hank, Louis.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER,
257
Hall, Thomns.
Heifier, .John.
Hfidenreich, Rev. John.
Haar, PetLT.
Holgeni, L. H.
Holland, Emily.
Ho.^an, Vincent.
Hahn, Henry,
Hollenbacli, Emma.
Haves. Henry.
Hill, Harry.
Hollahan, Mary.
Harris, loUi A.
Harrison, E. W. B.
Hughes, Granger.
Holsen, Elias.
Hagan, Pat.
Hinisli, Marie.
Hilari, Pierre.
Hahl, .Jacob.
Hodgins, John M.
Hettiier, Frances M.
Hustead, Louisa.
Hart, A. M.
Hanneman, Julius.
Harrington, Patrick.
Heath, J. M.
Harris, Joseph.
Heaton, Naih. E.
Havenae, E. D.
Hnndy, Mrs. Alice.
Henchel, Louis.
Harrison, M. A. V.
Haber, Lena.
Harris, Richard 0.
Haley, Tiniolhy.
Huber, Rosie.
Huber, Theresa.
Holier, Adam.
Hoehn. Sophie M.
Heideiigslclder, H.
Hat;au. r.ilrick.
Hervinean, Mrs. Marie.
Hailinger, A. J.
Hntr, Fred. C.
Handv, Thomas H.
Helmke, VVilhel.
Harpei', W'm
Hawkins, Henry.
Hughes, M. H.
Hotfnieister, Lydia.
Hemard, Mary.
Hirsch, Eugene.
Heissel, Micliael.
Hupp, Wm.
Hiues, W. E.
Howe, Mrs. Olympe M.
Honlay, Rody.
Hayes, (;harlie.
Humbert, Jeannie.
Hasliins, Charles M.
Hare, James M.
Hogan, Arthur S.
Heino, Victor.
Hagan, Mary C.
Henrich, Emile.
Hagen, Henry.
Haly, Charles.
Haibthorne, Ida.
Hosrey, Catherine.
Heino, Victor, Sr.
Hallor, Henrv C.
Honold. C. A. G.
Harper, Robert L.
Hayes, Patrick.
Hurlev, John.
Hall, Albert J.
Hilliard, Jane.
Houlihan, Patrick.
Howard, .John.
Hodges, George.
Howe, Mary I. J.
Hertzer. John.
Hestler, Marie.
Hufft, Lenra Lee.
Hussey, Geo. H. C.
Haieslaur. Ch.
Irvine, Hugh.
Israel, Estelle.
Ingcrsol, Merona B. G.
Itlman. Rosa.
Irby, Sanders.
Icoiina, Nicola.
Imban, llortaiso.
Inwood, Harold.
Isler, F.
Itro, John.
Ilreevy, P. W. J.
Ingraham, J.
Irwin, D. C.
Isaacs, Samuel.
Jcolina, Areola.
Irby, V. K.
Inman, Gabriel J.
Irwin, Cluirles T.
Johnson, lilizabeth II.
J(jyce, John.
J<jne.s, Mrs Annie.
Joliuson, Cliristophev.
Jahn, John.
Jacoljs, Lewis, col.
Jones, Mary.
Johnson, M. A.
Jeflries, Anna.
Jelter, M. J.
Johnson, Nadim.
Jackson, Sam. 11.
Jac, Placide.
Jones, Mary.
John.son, Andro.
Jeakle, Samuel.
James, Wm.
Jene.^s, Helen.
Jolmson, Mrs. Carrie.
Joseviliine.
Joliuson, Isaac.
Johnston, Wesley.
Johnson, John.
James, Frederick.
Jensen, Fred.
Jacolis, Edwin A.
Jeaunorm , John.
JacorneU, Mrs. Lucie.
James, Elvira.
Jones, Joseph.
Jones, Louis.
Jones, George. ■
Jones, William John.
Jacolin, Nicola.
Jensen, Lizzie.
Johnson, Oscar.
James, Levi C.
Jordan, Charles.
Julius, M. C.
Jett, Carrie L.
Johnson, J. B.
Jordan, John B.
Johnson, Cecil.
Johnes, L J.
Jackson, Louis.
Jacobson. Louis.
Jacol)s, Esther.
Jone.s, Charles.
Jnsins, Dorothia.
.lohansenbuch, A.
Joint, Sarah Ann.
Jones, Mary.
Jacob. Henry.
Jonbcrt, Euiuia.
Johnson, Ratie.
Jackson, John.
Jackson, Joseph.
Jincenor, Lejohn.
Jacobson, A.
Jaomed, Ciaetano.
Jonan, .'Vlex.
John, Leon T.
Johnson, 1) M.
Juergen, IL, Jr.
Jones, D. \V,
Johnson, Charles E.
Johlisant, Edna.
Jay, Arthur.
Jeffries, Anna.
Johnson, George.
Juary. Guiseppe.
James, A. K.
Kearney, Evaline.
Killian, R. J.
Kunlz, A. G.
ICeir, A. J.
Keever, M.
Khinp, John.
Klein, Kosa.
Kuoblock, Charles.
Kiefer, Emile Mary.
Kirklium, Dora E.
Kelz, Louisa.
Karll, Emile.
Kenny, Pat.
Kienemann, George.
Kanipman, E. T.
Koswig, Albert.
Knechel, Aug.
Kottelli, Nicholas.
Knlin, Lama.
Killenea, Thomas J.
Kiutz Teresa.
Kieneman, Charles.
Kennedy, Mary A.
Kerzcy, A.
Krail, Viola.
Kampman, F.
Kelly, Henry.
King, Lizzie.
Kennedy, Edward.
Kisser, John.
Kattman, I 'lara.
Kinney, Thomas.
Korke, Ken.
Kilbride, Nora.
Keys, William.
Keene, Mary B.
Keut^gel, Ji isejih.
Kessel, Kalli,
Kelly, William.
Krail, Mary J.
Kringer, Cari.
Kaughman, R. C.
Kern. William A.
Kenner, Peter.
Krnsc, William.
Kntz, Fr.ink J.
Kelly, Ida,
Kieler, Suphia W.
Krnmpelniaini, IC.
Kersalich. Sam.
King, Maria A.
Keith, Robert,
Keller, William.
Keagliey, Mary D.
Kelly, Mary.
Kohiianse, H. E.
Kochler. Maggie.
Kennedy, Thomas.
Keen, Theodore.
Kern, J. E.
Kozensei', Johanna.
Kelling, John H.
Kelting, Louis.
Kronopsky, I'rancis.
Kearny, Lawrence.
Kliempeter, W. B.
Krentle, F.
Klingcr, David.
Kennedy, John.
Kiernan, Francis E.
Kupfer, Edwaid.
Kister, Eniile.
Kennedy, I'eler.
Keegan, JIary.
Keegan, Sister Jlary.
Kavancy, John.
Ivearney, J. Watts.
Kenney, Edward S.
K ru ni jjlema n n , Theo.
Kiernan, Kate.
Killnm, George.
Keller, William.
Kuetenmacher, F. A.
Keeves, Margaret,
Kelly, Mrs. Ann.
Kruckcr. John.
Kaiser, John.
Kilelia. Annie.
K\iliner, Joseph.
Knooys, Marie L.
Kerny, .Tacob S.
Kroe|)er, J. (L
Keilh, J. H.
Klein, Jose{ih.
Kremer, Paul M.
Kent, S. J.
Kappes, \\ illiam.
Keuuey, John B.
King, Ellen.
Kenny. James.
KerwHi, M.
Kaniuski, Joseph.
Knatz, Joseph.
Koel}ler, Feidiuand.
Kiernan, Edward.
Keenan. Edward.
Kaufman, William.
Kay, C H. 1).
Kratz, John.
Kroggman, H. C.
Kilbride, Nora.
Kenney, James.
Koike, Benjamin.
Kfiatz, Ferdinand.
Kraft, Atina.
Kern, William.
Kavenaugh, Cath.
Kohl, Theo. IL
Kreeger, Rcjsa A.
Kauttinan, D. C.
Kerr, W. E.
Kefiner, Peter.
Kretz, John.
Kcfiney, Marion.
Lee, "George W.
Lauiza, Nicholas.
Lelisoy, Maria.
Loudtn, Edgar G.
Locqnet, Ida.
Lerath, Mary.
LaGlaise, D.
Larkin, D. W.
Llalia, Nicolina.
Letaunier, E.
Lindner, Aug.
Levi, Charles.
Latino, Rosario.
Landwehr, F. W.
Liet, John.
Lewis. M. P.
Loewer. Mrs. M. E.
Levi, Mark.
Lichtcnteiu, C.
Liehtentield, E. B.
Long, Sarah J.
Lewis, Mrs. Ann.
Liebman, Paul.
Lewis, John,
l.iuk, Louisa.
Lespominet, J.
Labadi, Peter.
Lcuschner, R.
Lee, Mrs. Mollie.
Loreh, Hefiry.
Levi, t aroline.
Latena, R.
Long, Eihvin.
Laville, Miss M.
Labre, John B.
Lederz, Constatit.
Lascascio, Antotiio.
LefifanI, Eugene.
Laroude. John.
Lnngaballe, K. P.
Latina, Nicola.
Latove, Jlrs. C.
Lasmar, Robert.
Lanero, G.
Levy. Sam. J.
Latidreaux, M.
Lavedon. Pierre.
Lvfins, Robert A.
Lochert, M.
Lochert, Regina.
La ine, Eva C.
J.afou, Joseph L.
I.nlersbacher, B. A.
Lalosse, J. B.
Lieuel, Martin.
258
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEE,
Liebel, Theresa.
Lorie, Mrs. F.
Lala, Margaret.
Lewis, Mary A.
Leveiiiali, Emilic.
]>()liman, Henry.
Lacoume, Euliibe.
Lala, John.
Lethiegae, Henry.
Lever, Catherine.
]-e\vis, Jolm J.
Lohr, Rose H.
ljulce, Peter.
I^andwehr. M.
Laca-ssagne, L.
Logan, jr. E.
Jjippo, M.
Lorch, 11. P.
Larque. Jules.
Lew, Mose.';.
Luliihardt, C. L.
Landrum, May E.
Luke, Elizalie'th.
Lateno, John.
Lange. Mrs.
Levy. Artlmr.
Langboles, E.
Logier, JIarie C.
Lopez, Mrs.
Lots, Henry J.
Louis, George F.
Lawry, Frank B.
Lacourage, Benoit.
Lyskle, Wm.
I-eippert. Geo. W.
I-,usca. Mateo.
Lavallee, Barbara.
Lavallee, Caroline.
Lacaze, Emily T.
Lacaze, MiohiieL
Loutan, Ernest.
Lawraver, A. Kose.
Loohert, Jrrs.
Jjatorte, Jean.
Lambert, A. J.
Louis, Miss E.
Ijcbar, \Vm.
I^eone, Gossip.
.Lenagran, Lawrence.
Longreen. Peter.
Lutcher, Henry G.
Lathroy, Lyman.
Loeb, Henry L.
Lafoze, Rosalie.
Lafaett, Mary.
Lahey, Charles.
Lacey, Patrick.
Layne, Enos T.
Lempasion, Anton.
Large, G.
Lafourch, E. B.
Ludlow, Bhinche.
Lundy, Chas. S.
Lyre, Thomas.
Lopez, Philip.
Lina, B. F.
Leclere, Augusta.
Lee, \Vm.
Lord, Chas. H.
JjOchert, Sebastian.
Labour, J. B.
Landrake, Wm.
Lewis. H.
Lacassagne. L.
Lavallee, Barbara.
Leglaize, Calhcrine.
Leglaize, Elizabeth.
Lang, Martin.
Leone. J[ary.
Lynch, Katie.
Lippselieatz, Theo.
Levy, A.
Lembo, Lnitri.
Lambert, .41 ire H.
Leche, Milson A.
Leary, Bridget.
Loos, Julius.
Lowry, Lezina.
Leblane, John.
Lardner, Thos. R.
Lowry, \Vm.
Levy, Jacob.
Lestere, Donald.
Lochni, Minnie.
Labrousseau, Julio.
Lebetgern, Eugene.
Lal^arbe, Gustave.
Lambert, James.
Lacaze, Julius.
Lebaneri, Chas.
Lentou, James.
Lee, Mary EUie.
lAisse.
Lantine, Sarah.
Ijyons, James.
I.awler, Sister Loyola.
Levellier, Emma.
Loiscau, Hyacinthe.
Lawirr, Henry T., Jr.
Laiuy, Rev. John.
Lacaze, Edward.
Lesassier, B. B.
Lasi-ar, Jennie.
Leiranc, Lorena.
I.ungo, Francisco.
Lehbelier, John.
Lewis, Jolm.
Leslie, Thomas.
Long, Jane.
Lopez, Emily.
L'Esponde, Pierre.
Leunis, Moses.
Latemier, Julie.
Ledues, Alice.
Lapou, Jean.
Lvle, John.
l,edig, Walter A.
Lehmann, M. \V.
Lattien, Julia.
Lenac, Louisa.
Lunn, Mary E.
Lehmann, Dr. Isadore.
Lambardi, Emile.
Lala, Francisco.
Lohmann, Gertrude.
Levy, M. C.
Lerm, John.
Lee, Henry.
Lacnnr, Mary De.
Lalemana, Mrs.
Lynch, Mary.
Laughton, .Tohn C.
Lawson, Addison.
Lemants, C.
Lehleitner, Willie.
Leon, Theo.
Lamljcrt, Urban.
Lopez, Victor.
Lowe, John.
Link, Alois.
Lear, Jolin N.
Latine, Razada.
Lannanna, Antonio.
Long, Edwin.
Longarct, James.
L(ing, Luther.
Long, Jolm.
T-opcz, JIargaret.
Lamm.
Longrois, Louis.
Lotz, Susan A.
Lala, Francisco.
l,evingston. Roy B.
Lawton, John.
Lank, Rosa.
Laco>^ta, Jean.
Levellier, Joseph.
Levy, Mary.
Lowe, John.
Lowden, Lawrenoe D.
I.eliatii-e, Louisa.
L.'vy, Solomon.
Lip 'lsroux, Francis.
Lareen, Juliiis.
Lowlnsohn, Louis.
Lagenbecker, Leonora,
f/atugo, Mag.
Loechner, Auna.
Lnrsen, P. W.
Louljcrt, Clarence.
Lesko, Rev.
Lyons, Robert A.
Lochert, Regina.
Lochert, Michael.
Leslie, Charles.
Locassie. Rosalie.
Loeb, Adelbert.
Ladnke, Joseph.
Lanasa, Gniseppe.
Levenson, Frederick.
Luizza. Antonio.
Ladd, Charles
Lerouge, Anthony F.
Mas.son, Mrs. Matilda.
McStea, Terrence.
McDonald, Michael.
McCanimon, Moses.
Jlalasgulva, Luigl.
McNainara, Mary.
Jloser, ilay.
Jlanioulonx, Eugene.
Marks, Calhoun.
Mnrphy, Mrs. Mary.
Mazounave, Pierre.
JlcCJovern, Jolm.
Jlailhes, Marie.
Merriam, Wm.
Madison, J. IL, col.
Moi^ett, (_:harles J.
McQuirk, .John D.
Mahoncy, Mary Jane.
Miller. Leonora.
Mailing, Miss Nina.
Moody, Fred.
Monalxen, Wm.
Martello, Gaetano.
Moses, Jacob.
Masseys, .Adeline.
Moneth, Peale.
McConville, Peter.
McNeal, Mattie.
JtcSweeney, Deborah.
Maher, James.
Mary, Sister.
Masson, D. B.
McCormick, Charles.
Mehrents, Gertrude.
McLaughlin, Jlrs. Ann.
IFeinke, Mrs. Joseph.
McCanlcy. Mary.
Manaby.'Jo.scph.
McKiunay, Maggie.
Mulder, Daniel.
Moncusa, Mary T.
Jlanning, Regina.
Mancoosa. Ro.salie.
McGuire, Kate.
Mahler, Edward.
Murphy, Lawrence.
McCormick, .\nnaT.
Mann. Henry C.
McDermott, Frank.
Manala, Jlrs.
McDonald, John.
Manala, Para.
Metzler, Frank.
Jleyer, Charles.
Maaendina, Antonio.
Mohr, Jacob.
McCall, Mrs. Ellen.
Meyer, Theresa.
Maioney, Laurent.
Jfount, John.
McKenzie, JIarv 0.
JIcNeal.
Mc.Vrthur. Daniel.
Jfagdeline, Julius.
Murphy, James.
"Menteli Mr.s. Mary.
Mesritz, Alex.
Moser, Charles.
JfcEven, Samuel.
Mayer. Jolm.
Morten. Harrv.
Millc>r. Ruby."
Jlagnlm, Winfred.
Meyer, Henry.
Manuel, Mrs. L.
Martella, Rosalie.
Murrav. Lillie.
jriller.'EUa.
Martin, Madame.
Mcise.^, Mr.s. Max.
.Maari. B. A. A.
Mct'laiu, Wm.
McCain, John.
McLennan, Frank.
Jleyer, John.
Moore, Eugene W.
Montedonico, John.
Miller, Charles.
Jlnrphy. Geo. A.
McNaniara, L. W.
Millet, Rev. J. M.
Malloy. Mary E.
Mohr, Caroline H.
MidCnerv, Margareth.
Miller, Rosalie.
Miller, Louis S.
Jlickler, Conrad.
Moran, Eugene M.
McCcmnell, Mrs.
Jlonroe, Ella.
Ml Guin, Patrick.
Mc'Bride, Mary C.
McDor.a'd, James L.
JIundz, Mary.
Moore, Thomas E.
McCove, Geo. P.
Moriarty, James.
Murphy, Philip.
McGarvy, Mary.
Manyon, Andrew.
Monctte, Mrs. G. N.
Mather, John.
Mayne, Mary.
Munson, Louisa.
McStsiy, Francis.
Mouledovis, George.
Jlaley, Charles.
Murphy. John.
Jliller, Louis.
Munson, Louis.
Jliller, Anthony.
Jlajorin, Angclo.
JIcManns, John.
Jlii.iorana, Rosa.
JIcManns, Emma,
jroieldehouse, Josie.
Jforan, Marv.
Mitchell. Peter.
Jlorris, Bridget.
Jlilhot, Louis.
Jlarks. Adelaide.
I Jfurphy, John.
Jleadeloon, Em.
McJIert, Lizzie.
Martinay, Mary G.
JFakin, Patrick.
Makin, Julia.
Mitchell, R. D.
Jlack, James.
J[ono.sterio, J. B. R.
Jlorris, Edward T.
JIc.\rthnr, Wm.
Jlanne, Joseph.
JIattel, Charles.
Mazeron, Mrs.
Jlozlet, Frank.
Magenta, Santa.
JIarkey, Josephine.
JIcGuiVe, Willis.
Jliller, Joseph C.
Jleyer, Charles A.
Jloiicref, Mrs. E. A.
JlcCune, James.
Jlorrissey, Patrick.
Jlanale, Anna.
Jlnrray. George.
Jlorris, Henry.
Jtanelsso, D. J.
JIadison, JI.
JIcBi ide, Patrick.
JlcClane. John.
JIaraingues, Rev. J.
Montizin, Jean M.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
259
Mcunicr, E J.
Morrow, .I(jlm B.
Mackiif, (_ien. L J.
Jtofir.iw, M.irtiii.
McCarthy, Engeae.
Monroe, "Mary C.
Mohr, Edwin.
JIains, Fred.
Moronoy, .lohn C.
McGuirk, Kate G.
Mellies, Tlieresi.
.Morere, Wni.
Mitchell, ,!aek.
Mever, Barl)ara.
Ma.soii. Freil. M.
Maloiiey, James.
McMaiius, .John.
Mariiio, SaU'atore.
Morel I, Robert.
Jliller, Pre 1. W.
Martin, MIoliael.
Mararour, Henry.
Manning, Dennis.
Myhan, Mary.
Meyer. Henry.
Moiaison. Jfaria.
Metlige, Jlnlita.
Manrin, Jos jph C.
Manroner. Louisa E
McHenry, George.
Magendre, 0.^ear.
X[urphv, .folm.
M irigny, Blavebo.
Mnrpliv, ,Iohn.
MeDermott, J J.
McQuinlau, Joseph T.
Marsh, Ernestine.
M'innean.\-, Francis.
McEwan, John.
Miles, Virginia E.
Miller. Wni. H.
M^'ilain, Sam.
Marigny, Mi.ss B.
Mailho, Cliarles.
McGill, D miel.
Michand, Paul.
Mc-Mannus, Thomas.
Marcello, Vincent.
Musachiar, Rosjlla.
Meyer. J. J.
Meiidolsohn, J.
Mendols;ilin. Mrs. J.
Morante, Mat tie.
Melville, Jolm.
Menzies, Caspar.
McLashtin, Mary.
Mnller. Francis.
MoNamara, M. J.
JInnro, Martha.
Mosset, Mathilda.
Magoranna, Sarah.
MjClintock, Aleck.
Mossett, Ernam C.
Morganstein, A.
Miroy, Iv. Eugene.
Murray, Thomas.
Marcauit, JIaria X.
Maumus, A. M.
Miiles, Pauline C.
Marchand, Victoria.
Moore. John F.
Morris, H. N.
Mankin, H.
Jlild, Jacques.
Marshall, J. A.
Moore, E.
Jtichaelis, Ern.
Manassas, Simon.
Morley, Dr. Thomas.
Mustachia, Joseph.
Macazo, Francisco.
Morton, A. \V.
McGloin, Charles.
Manfret-, Tony.
McKay, Mary!
Murphy, Mary E.
Monigae. Etiicne.
Mi'firatli, Jolni.
McMahon, Mr.s. C.
Meyer, Otto.
Mathews, Itohert.
Mulhcnru, Ilugli.
Mnrris. Margaret A.
Moriggo, Mary.
M ( ■ T 1 1 1 ! I ( ■ ,S 1 ,s te r A ugu s la.
Mitcliell. Carrie.
Moran, J(iS"ph.
Murphy, \Vm. J.
Mathers, Henry.
Mouier. Henry D.
Melbourne, Lou.
Monicr, FrauK.
.McMauus, Miss A.
Michalls, Catherine.
McJhiuns, David.
Mir.d)l.', Nich. J.
McQnillon, John.
McMnlleu, Chiis.
Martin, Geo, M.
Miclnieli.s, Clara.
Merendina, G.
Mariniuo, P.
Murphy, Rev. T.
Murray, Daniel.
Morey, Mr.s, D. B.
Murphy, P.itrick.
Moony, Bridget.
McArthur, Hugh.
MeConnell. James.
Jforris, Jliss Betsy.
Mannion. Lawrence.
Malone, Patrick.
Moure, Mary.
.McCal>b. Eliz.
Miller, Maggie.
>ralony, Michael.
Mur]iliv. Sarah Ann.
Margee, Mary C.
McQuaid. Lizzie.
Mentel, Bosanna L.
McSweeny, Pat.
Matliews," Louis.
Mansen. Charles.
Meumier, .Inle.
Mullholland, David.
Meh, Joliu.
M(d)i)nald, Mrs.
.Mclntvre, \Vm.
McDonald, R. (!.
McClart'rv, Peter.
Milet, Jfarcellin.
Mahonev. Tliomas.
McDonald. R. A.
Matluui, \Vm.
Miguon, Philomena.
McClnre, Mrs. Jlary.
Moxon, Fred B.
McMurrav, Mary E.
Medelfreche, P.
.\radaiy, \Vm.
Mulvev, Jane A.
Moslel'd, F. L.
Martha, Mary A.
Masser, Teresa.
Moore, John.
McClosky, Kate Ann.
Morris, Robert.
Miller, Geo.
Mi ret. N.
McClosky. Geo.
M ind. La lie ire.
iMorton, John.
Murphy. John.
Mom us, Mary L.
Marino, Salvatrie.
Murphy, R. P.
Matas, Joseph.
Mousohur, .1. D.
Morris, James.
Mears, Fred.
Morris. Mrs M.
RFoscs, Isaac.
Mc'Douald. \Vm.
MeCardcll. Thomas.
MeDermott, James J.
Mayer. Bernard.
McCorneal. W'm.
Murphy, M. G.
INfortept, Jean W.
JIcTicjue, August.
.Maslai.seh, Matt.
Mills, Mollie.
Meusli, Fred.
Meza, J. J. D.
Mcintosh, James.
Moses, Alice.
Murray, John.
Maugrioeia, Mary.
Mangriocia, Jenai.
Moran, Emile G.
Jloore, Edward.
McGuire, James.
Mi Kenlv. J.
Maya, Fred.
McCoy, Charles.
M.irtiu. Rose.
Maniornion.K, F.
Jluir, T. B.
Miller, Alice G.
Michaels, .\netto.
Mecke, T.
JIcDonald, Alec.
Malony, Tlios.
Ma.ger, JIary.
Jlcyers, Tlio.s.
Mavner, Joseph E.
Moiil, F.
Micliramers, John.
Mc(.)ormick, Mary.
Mathews ii, C. C. '
Jlinges. B.
McKay, Daniel.
Moore, Henry.
Meyer. Cicorge.
McGuire, M.
Jlctilblions, M. J.
.Malverhill, P. K.
JIartin, Jolin.
.^rolKly, Wni. A.
Macon, Fred. M.
Myer, ISarbara.
Marrion. S.
Maloncy, .lames.
McMannus, John.
Morrcll, Robert.
Miller, F. W.
Miller, \Vm. C.
JIartin, Philip.
McCioev, Mary.
Jlitche'll, Sarah.
Meyer, Robei t A.
Ma'ndell. Anna.
Meyer, John F.
Mu'nster, Fred. F.
Moore. Susan.
McGrath, ch.ules P.
Mortcqui, JIarguerite.
McWhirter, \Vm.
McCorneal, Tony.
Jtunster, Joseph E.
McCullongh, EUeu.
Murilzen, Otlo.
Merichen, Henry.
Moses, Jane.
Mitchell, Harry.
McCormick. .\ndrew.
Miller, Louis.
McN.imara, Eliz.
Meudelsolni, C.
McArdle, Joseph P.
Meyer, Samuel.
Mayer, Karl.
McGuire, Mrs. B.
Martin, Joseph.
JIavorans, J. M.
McQnilliin, Mary.
McDonald, .\ndrevv.
McArey, .Michael.
Mever. Anton.
Moitzgav, V.
Mnller, Kath.
McCarthev, Dan.
Miedner, Midi.
Newbauer, Henrietta.
N,>grotlo, Mrs. D.
Xadeau, Francosis.
Noltiug, Eliz.
Nuberg, Leon.
Norton, Ann.
Noble, Kath.
Neal, John.
Nicholvick, Peter.
Nemniller, J.
Nel.son, Mary.
Ney, L.
Nussbaum, J.
Nicholl.s, H. S.
Newhouse, Josephine.
Noble, Sam. W. H.
Ncssaus. Jules.
Noe, Arbogast.
Narf, Emnia E.
Nosley, .Mary.
Noyev, Sophia.
Newhouse, Leo.
Nicolaud, Rev. B.
Newall, W'm.
Nelson, Mary.
Norwood, Eliza.
Nol)le, Edward.
Nanty, Extreme F.
Niiint, Joseph.
Nicholson, Mary C.
Noisseaux, Jo.seph.
Nobles. Charles E.
Norvell, Reed.
Norvell, Clement R.
N.agle, Henry.
Nolan, ,Tohn.
Noliiii, Pat
Nics. ( 'harles.
Norvell, Mrs. Mattie.
Narbon, Michael.
Newm:ui, Albert.
Novaille, Charles.
Neuhonse, Leopold.
Niedel, JHchaeL
Nugent, James.
Nainnliurg, Benj.
Neumann, Theo.
Ney, Henry F.
Nelson, Mary.
Ney, L.
No'rcross, .\lbert.
Navaret, Louis.
Netzer, Ernest.
Neailly, .Joseph.
NUS.S, Anna \V.
Norden, Anthony.
Notari, Rosalin.
Natali. Cliarles.
Navailes, Joseph.
Noble, Anna L.
Olirey, Sidney.
O'Keefe. Anna.
Oneill, \V. J.
Obhoir, Joseph.
O'Counell, Henry.
O'Connell, Mary.
O'Comiell, Anna.
O'C'oiHiors, John.
Oppeidieimer, S. W.
O'Mally, Sister F.
Oppenhi imer, J.
O'Coiincr, Tho.s.
Ogden, Lizzie H.
Ochesie. John.
O'Connell, Thos.
Opferkuck, Mary.
Owens, \Vm.
Oletio, Francisco.
O'Bryan, Mary.
Oster, Charles".
Osborn, J. T.
O'Neal, Owen.
Olin, Heder.
O'Donnell. A.
Orpheus. Wm.
Owens, Owen.
O'Hara, Michael
O'Rourke, Michael.
O'Brvan, Mary JI.
O'Neal, Thos.
Obers, Kate.
Oliver, Lonis.
Olilcnschlager, G.
260
A HISTORY OF THK YELLOW FEVER.
01)erts, Sarah.
Oliva, Helena.
OstiTinan, Giovani.
O'Brien, Delia.
O Coiniell, Henry.
Oliu, Amanda.
O'Brien, Marian.
Oliviera, Bridget.
Oswald, Mary J.
Ortepp. Aii'-;nst.
Orkns, Jiihn.
O Biieii, Edward.
()ppenheiniur, Henrietta
O'Brien, Jlrs. .Mary Ann.
I'endergrasl, .James.
Peterson, diaries.
Pvel<nrl, Lneine.
Pettet, Claiiey .J.
Pornett. .James 15.
I'endergrast, Mary.
Paul, Andrew.
Plattsmier, Anna.
Poseliell, Louis, I. C.
I'faunlvueker, H.
I'eqni, Francois.
Puelies, Charles.
Patten, ,\tnos.
Pernal. .Joseph Y.
Poix, Frederiel;.
Polthar.-.t, (;iiristiaii.
Ponge, .\ltjert.
PoUeino, V. M.
Poporny, A.
Phillips, Jules A.
Ponjade, Henry.
Pezold, Emil L.
Pablo, Jolni.
P.tro, Antonio.
Prince, Alfred.
Porteous, John P.
Price, K. B.
Phillips, John.
IVtriman, William.
Pope, Henry.
Pavice, Picena.
P?.cl;ert, Dedrick.
Perrv, Thomas.
PlanUet, Mary.
Phillips, Kliza))eth.
Pr.itt, Charles B.
Peterson, O.
Petzetsky, .Joseph.
Poretto, S.
I'lace, Paul.
Pickens, Charles.
Poque, Victor.
Paliiiasino, D.
Ponisen, James.
Piez, Jo.seph.
Pastor, Mary.
Palthon, M.
Philliert, Pliilip.
PrIIleaux, Adolph.
Pohlman, John.
Pepper, John P.
Pettetory, Louisa E. E.
Place, Mary (;.
I^npor. Josephine.
Pericajia, John.
Paderner, Jean.
Pohnfich, F.
Potl'ork, Samuel.
]'edr(>, Josie.
Pnyenne, Jean M.
Piiida, Philip
Pope, Edm\nid.
I'liilip, Archy.
Pascoe. Agnes.
Pettis, Louisa.
Proline, Jean W.
I'aschke. Otto.
Poole. William.
Powers, Mary.
Petralia. Antonio.
Peters, E. W. W.
Parker, James C.
Pike. Z. M.
Peters, Samuel J.
Philipin, Tlieo.
Peterson, John C.
Pay.sse. Jean M.
Pellip, Peatou W.
Pujo, Marie.
Peters, Margaret.
Pheller, E. 'W.
Pelletier, Paul R.
Peres, Pierre.
Polk, John.
Pradclla, Cath.
Paillet, Francois.
Pefer, (tora.
Perez, Santo.
Porello, L.
Penser, Joseph.
Perriland. Kemy.
Perault, F.
Place, Gervais.
Potts, R. M.
Ponder, Mary.
Porticq. Antonio.
Perez, John B.
Pearson, L.
Piinloii, James S.
Price. William.
Palezzini, Andrew.
Pastorins. John.
Palmer, John.
Payssc, Andre.
Pitard, Henrv.
Pritchara, E.J.
Patterson, Mrs.
Ponder, John.
Perkins, Mary J.
Pectz, John.
Phillips, F. A.
Phelan, Charles R.
Pyott, James.
Palmer, George N.
Perone, Francisco.
Pounds, John.
Pascal, Jlaerez.
Pellegrims, .Simone.
Ponrcian, Felix G.
Pelissier, Martin.
Peilert, Charles.
Panellees, Manuel.
Paretti, Jean.
Perregat, Paul.
Peterson, Antoine.
Pond, Gertrude.
Pool, .\nnie.
Prestiee, Dominica.
Pontico, Marie S.
Plancliard, John J.
Payne, Henry.
Pettit, Loui.s.
Pons, Lawrence.
Payzale, Jean B.
Peniston. John J.
Pepper, Joseph P.
Patterson, Jones.
Pena, Lelia ^^ S. Dela.
P.uilian, C. F.
Pavane, -Antonio.
Pvs, Joseph.
Pednour, N. E. J.
Quinlan. D. O. C.
Quigley, H. W.
(itiinn, John.
Quinn, Thomas.
(Jnane. John.
Reynard, Barth.
Rolhass, William.
Rothass, George J.
Rheitlcr. Charles.
Ritzmaini, George.
Reiley, Timothy.
Runy, Mary E.
Rice, Jolm .A.
Rtisso, Giovani.
Reeves, Jami's J.
Rilev, .Marv.
Rosi', Blanche G.
Robertson, Leatman F.
Revnolds, James H.
Ro'well. Mrs. H.
RevIV, Joseph.
Reid, .Vlbert.
Richards, William.
Rerch, M. J.
Ritzens, Willie.
Rcichert, Mrs. Bettie.
Roehrs. Jjouise S. M.
Robertscai. John.
Rintte, Julia.
Roberts, William Y.
Ritchie, Jariics M.
Reynolds, liinma P.
Rabeneck, Richard.
Roth, .John G.
Rosa, Franco.
Ruffy, Frank.
Rainich, Henry.
Reyner, Mary A.
Redwood, Gustave.
Reinhardt, Jacques.
Rcmrk, Jane.
Road), John.
Rocbeeker, John.
Robertson, Mildred.
Resegnet, Louis.
Koubillac, Ellen P.
Robinson, Elizabeth.
Rollin, Joseph.
Rocker. August.
Rousseau. Edith M.
Rogers, Anna.
Reinerth.
Ross, M. B.
Rodriguez, Arthur.
Ratine, Josephine.
Ravmond, Maggie.
Rabaclc, F.
Roubillac, Alph.
Rickett, Joseph.
Riley, Mary.
Riard, Nettiie.
Riehlemann, George.
Rossie, Jobe.
Riley, Louise.
Robinson, Eliza J.
Riddel I, Holma P.
Restine, Joseph.
Roth, (iuslave.
Revel, Henry.
Robinson. Josephine.
Richard, Percy C.
Rempp, Joseph.
Romer, Valentine.
Rachore, Mrs. Pierre.
Rummel, William.
Riif, Frank.
Rogers, James.
Rauer, JIaric.
Rosche, J. H.
Risenbaum, C.
liichardson, M. S.
Rottenberry, H. W. A.
Kaurind, E.
Rokbein, Wm.
Rellenx, George.
Ronx, J. B.
RoJjathoenk, H.
Randle. George.
Ross, Edward.
Jiudolph. T.
Reiidiardt. H.
Itedon, Leon S.
Redon, Leon S., Jr.
Kioeler. Ida J.
PvOhr, N.
Reidehufer, George.
RulTicr, James.
Rothlet. Olio H.
Ruleef, H. H.
Richardson, G.
Rickerty, Lizzie.
Itechner. Anna.
Rvan, (icorge.
Regendc, R. R.
Kemiyson. L. A.
Richardson, Mrs. Sarah.
Ravmond, Mary C.
Raiik, Mrs. P.
Roust. .Alice C.
Rcems, I'"lizabeth.
Ryan, Elizabeth. 1
Rous, Spencer.
Roche, John H.
Raudon, Carl.
Rosa, Mary.
Rhodes, Mi.ss E.
Rank. Willie.
Rav, Marv .M.
Ricks, Tena.
Rive, Jtilius.
Roney, Pat. H.
Reinhardt. John N.
Kommel, Fred.
Regend, Leonie O.
Robinson, George.
Reel, Henry.
Reinhardt, Fred.
Rowerty, Frank.
Randall, Joseph.
Rodites, Salvador.
Ridley, Mi's. James,
liiley. Simon.
Ragouso, Joseph.
Rem, George.
Reynolds, J.S.
Roksarth, John.
Reffiy. Hubert.
Rosseau, S.
Richards. Grace H.
Rowell, W. Irvine.
Rogers, John.
Redman, Margarette.
Roibenack, E,.
Roland, Frank.
Remiiigloii, George W.
Render, Michael.
Rossi, Mrs. Julie.
Reif, Sophia.
Riley, Genevieve.
Ruppel, John.
Reid, John.
Rice, John.
Raiiesua, C.
Rf.mer, .Adolph.
Ringer, Mrs.
Roussel, Frank.
Robinson, Thomas.
Richards, Chester.
Reynolds, R. E.
Rogers, Rebecca.
Reinhardt, O.scar.
Roesseler, Louis.
Rosone, .Antonie.
Itoblet, Ed. Paul.
Rigoii, Mary E.
Rugge. Victor.
Robinson. P. <■.
Rochet. Joseph.
Ray, Ben. A.
Reeder, I'. S.
Riiymond, Fred.
Rademacher. J.
Ryan, James.
Rogers, .Anna.
Rndenljery, .Ada.
Roche, Geo. W.
Raiiipurty, John.
Rapp, Fred
I!o<-lie. Laura.
Rous, Mary A.
Richardson, M.
Revilla, Angolo.
Rowan cs, B.
Riiio. Paul.
I\0.senl5anm, Mrs.
Jieamer. Bella.
Robins, Louisa.
Roella. Joseph.
Reniech, S. K.
Roth, Ja(ob.
Robertson , Rozelle.
Roseubanm, G.
Rcnaiidin, .Tolm.
Reeder, Joseph.
Ruzza, (i.
Rumples, George.
Rodigue, Paul.
Raymer. Henry.
Kivere, Frank E.
Katzwcll, Louis.
A HISTORY OF TlIK YELLOW FEVER,
261
Rcynolils, W. L.
Kobiiisoii, Ellen.
Kando, .luscph.
Riley, Tlionius.
Ravmoiid, John.
Reif, D. U.
Rjttel, Louise.
Roth, Gustave.
Rieule, Simon.
Ryan, Edward.
Robinson, George P.
Kative, Henry.
Reist, Gustavo.
Rvan, Mary E.
R'ltlaei, A.
Red, Ang.
Reidling, Rosa.
RoiLSset, Blanehe.
Stann, Rosa.
Schunaman, A\ig.
Smith, Georgiaiia.
Stahl, Jacob.
Samponn, C
Si'haett'er, Frank.
Seherf, Alliert.
Stewart, Thonuis H.
Scott, Geo. R.
Smitli, John.
Slater, Oliver, H.
Spana, Jo-si pli.
Schiuter, A. F.
Stewart, F.
Saltanichia, F.
Straus, Morris.
Steth, \Vm. B.
Sherlock, James.
Scanlin, Francis.
Sehriever, J. G.
Stark, \V. N.
Smilli, Bella.
Salles, Galiricl.
Saudcn, Matthew.
Shepperd, S. K.
Singer, Christina.
Sabat, Peter.
Solomor., Fannie.
Salvato, Francisco.
Secber, John.
Seebolt, Frank.
Spinito, CiEsar.
Sampson, Hannah.
Stegman, Joseph.
Slern, Sophia.
Silverstein, M.
Sohefiel. Mrs. E.
Schweitzer, George.
Scarbonie, Luc.
Schreiner, Fred.
Stepprich, M. D.
Siegel, Fred. H.
Salman, Estelle.
Steliaiug, Rcbettie.
Sebastian, Louise.
Stern, M.
Smith, John.
Saradet, II.
Schumacher, E.
Sadevia, Salvador.
Smith, E. H.
Squan, Victor.
Si)Uedt, C. F.
Sillman, Bertha,
Smith. Mrs. C.
Schaul, L. H.
Sweetman, C.
Sclilunberg, M.
Stevens, Florence.
Scheimoner, Peter.
Schildnedt, C.
Spahm, S.
Swift, James.
Schlichte, Edmin.
Smith, Fred.
Smith, Robert.
Smith, John E.
Schroeder, John.
Seeler, Simon.
Saylor, Thomas E.
Shiflferstein, V.
Schomilliir, M.
.'^chere, Jolni.
Sullivan, I'. J.
.•-ichuitz, Emile.
.Si'lnvanir, J.
Shawhan, J. N.
Siu'^er, \Vm.
Smitli, ( '. A.
.'^chcondorir, F.
Squire, Mrs. Joseph.
Smith, Mary.
Smith, Henry.
Seuoeuski, A.
Saljadi, George.
Srhoff, Joseph.
Sabathe, Mary.
Stein, Mary M.
SchiUaght, J.
Sullivan, Samuel.
Sclinmmer, Frank.
SlalFord, Elizabeth J.
Smith, Henry.
S{'hummcr, Henrich.
Seifer, M. M.
Schenrcr, Jacob.
Schcnrcr, Mary.
Stnithcr, Ira ll.
Steele, Ix'da, J.
Simunils, Mrs. D.
Siirocn, Fred.
Slieridan, Maggie.
Sheridan, James A.
Spcss, liobert G.
Stanler, N.
Smith, C.
Swcetnion, Millie.
Slieplev. Martlia.
Spcnce, W F.
Sims, Joliu II.
Slercuberg, L.
Smith, Teresa.
Soners, Charlie,
shallack, Anna.
Steprick, M. D.
Si-linecbcn, Berge.
Stephenson, T. F.
Smitli, Wn-i. M.
Saunden, Charles.
Shumaker, Millie.
Schibe, Alice.
Sch wennclien, J.
Stumpf, C. A.
Schalumi^recht, J. L.
.saxton, Robeit John.
Schillect, J.
Souliil, Jean.
Smith, John \.
Smith, Joseph.
Schloescr, Joseph.
Swvier. James.
Slierrv, M. L.
Stall'oni, R B.
S ixe. Philip.
Si liriltzele, Margaret.
Steefiel, George.
Smitli, Mary R.
Smith, Sarah.
Smith, Henry.
Solares, Romain.
Schilf, Mr.s. Joseph.
Sclnvarz, Edna.
Schartr, Jolm P.
SDumeillans, H.
Schott, John.
Saucier, Leela.
Sullivan, John.
Sillierstein, David.
Simmone, Felix D.
Small, M. Louisa.
S uidcrs, James M.
Scally, John.
Stnrtz, Henry.
Sliakeiort, William.
Schwarze, Karl.
Schroeder, .Mary.
Selerin, Jean P.
Schmidt, Louis.
Sannicls, Ruth M.
Smith, Charles.
Searcy, Nella.
Stanley, May.
Stanton, Mrs. Julia.
Shaidy, Octave.
Sued;, Louis.
Shi rlock, Annie.
Suarez, Maximo.
Smitli, William.
Schroeder, Henry.
Seng, Charles.
Schoen, Jacob.
Springiiian, Louis.
Stevenson, Mrs M. B.
Southmayd, G. F.
Starke, Charles E,
Sipido, .Vlbert.
Smith, Charles.
Stouder, John.
Seanlan. Patrick.
Small, George.
Small, George S.
Suead, John.
Schael'er, .Marv.
Shuto, E(Kvard P.
Sommer, Julius.
Selirtimpf, Artiiur.
Smith, Celia.
Seibel, Daniel.
Sullivan, Patrick.
Sicollier, .Vlphonso.
Storz, John M.
Scenauder, JIary H.
Salorz, Lydia.
Schelles, John.
Salisa, Sister.
Scbelin, Carl S.
Skire, Anl;onio.
Sullivan, Helen.
Scott, John.
Schuler, Robert R.
Saunders, Fred. M.
Sanford, William.
Steele, Francis P.
Sehelmann, Eugene.
Salvant, Josephine.
SehaefTer, John.
Simmons, J. M.
Smith, Henry.
Saiigerson. Mrs. B.
Seerville, Henry.
Shnciper, Ida.
Soniat, E. E.
Sage, J. E.
Schmidt, L. E.
Soubrier, A.
ScliiiecUler, John.
Seanlan, Thomas.
Sailcs, Mrs. Marv.
St. Clair, Henry" S.
Stack, Patrick.
Stephens, Joseph D.
Sanilerson, William.
Sanderson, Mrs. \Vm.
Sullivan, James.
Soniat, Louise E.
Smith, Annie M.
Son tag, George.
St. Clair, Marv.
Searing, Robert B.
S 'hmaltz, Julia C.
Schahill, Mike.
S.mcas, Henri.
Schoen, Theodore.
Staub, Oswald,
Silverstein, Lena.
Sehmitt, Mrs. C.
Sprague, Daniel R.
Scheler, Joseph.
Sehiro, Antonio.
Sparks, Florence IL
Saiisouey, Aug. P.
Sansoucy, Madame.
Sinnier. Jean B.
Schmidt, Julius.
Shearer, Oliver W.
.Seigel, Emilie.
.shannon, Michael.
Stinc. Martin.
Sansoucy, Alfred.
Stcinhardt, Sarah.
Smiib, Wm.
Smith, John H.
Sliaiinon, Annie.
Smitli. Lawrence.
.Schilling, Henry.
Smith, Edward.
Seliacler, Aug.
Scott, John,
.schuldt, William.
Scheurmann. Charles.
Schneider, Henry.
Scynanoski, E. Van.
Schneider, -Vug.
Sullivan, Tliomas.
Smitli, Margaret.
Simiiiiiiis, Jlrs. H.
Sweetman, Nieh.
Simon, Adolphus.
Seliumaker, Henry.
Sherniann, .Simon.
Sclimiilt, C.
.Souberville, Loui.s.
Sene, Kate.
Shaniinii, Mclinda.
S. aiders, Jlonie J.
Scott, William.
Sill, Henry.
Scrwinski, ,\arou.
Smith, Henry.
Saladino, J.
Schmidt, .Sophie.
Smith, Eva.
Sutcra, Christiana.
Schneider, William.
.Sullivan. Joseph.
.Silver, Manuel.
Schevantz, Hermann.
Smith, Maggie M.
Stonehonse, Emanuel.
Singer, Rosa.
Sarvaiori, Major.
Sabala, Marv Ann.
Slurgess, W."A.
.Smith, John H.
Stringer, .\lfred D.
Taintcr, H. W.
Tniylor, Alhcr.
'I'arraiit, Walter.
Toll, John.
Thibant, (.'hristian.
Trcdger. John.
Taylor, Ashton.
Turner, Gus H.
Thanes, Orillo.
Trark. Anna.
Tortorice, Peter.
T.iylor, Mary E.
Tammie, William.
Toussaint, M.
Thompson, Charles.
Thirreat, William.
Trawick, Rev. M. T.
■loclhc. Marv, A.
Tol;a, Frank.
Thomas, Ann.
Topse, Geriiard.
Tebalt, John.
Totlo, Vincenzo. '
Tony. Charles II.
Teutscli, J.
Taylor, Ada.
Toiirtalile, Liicien.
Tobv. James J.
Trichananl, G.
Trichanard, A. C.
Tyler. Charles.
Taleisouer, Jlrs. C.
Taaftec, E. R.
Taylor, Dr. J. Thcus.
Thompson, D.
'lansen, Louis.
Trenchard. V.
Thearam, Aleck.
Tarle, .Saninel H.
Tasliey, E. E.
Thomas, Charles M.
Tuniey, H. M.
Turncy, C. R.
202
A HISTORY OF THE YEI>LOW FEVEU.
Trail, V. Alex.
Tluimas, Maud.
Taylor, .1. W.
Trullordc, R. N.
Tiorne.v, M. M.
Tieniey, Thomas J.
Tonmaii, Huljert.
'I'rainpniore, Cologors.
Tuclccr, Mary L.
Tlioinpso I, Bertha K.
T.ilbot, CharU's.
Tamporella, Jlich.
T'.'iimbly, Aug.
T,)(ld, James.
Tcrtrou, Jules.
Tsclcppert, Robert.
Tlieresa, Sister Mary.
TniuUy, Huliert.
'i'oujet', Jl.irgaret.
'J'evry, Mary.
Tiininons, Edward.
Tr.aub, August.
Triiis, Jolui.
Turpin. John.
Tr.iey, joliii P.
Tamme, Emily.
Twitehell, Grace.
'J'immilla, Jean.
Tiiruer, James.
Touruier, J. J.
Thoman, Johannes.
Taylor, John.
Teiglehueter, Calli.
Tolland, D. W.
Troinanovieh, S.
Toiice, Mary.
Twumey, Ello.
Thomas, Ignatius.
Troessard, Geo. A.
'Thompson, Ida.
Taylor, Eugenia.
Tujague, Bernard.
Tli'ilberger, Fred.
'J'horpe, Adelaide.
Tjmplet. Josephine.
Tavlor, Howell L.
Treil, L. Nado.
Trauth, Mrs. Caroline.
'I'oHvar, Pauline.
Turiiin. John.
Tocea, iMnma.
Tape, Gerhard.
Tou/c m. Emile.
Timer, John K.
frdgis, Catherine,
riard, Gustave.
I'p, l-'anny.
Cbee, Richard.
T'rger, Lena.
A'accari, Vin.
A'oiscult, Louis.
Vieha, Catherine.
Vergez, J. Ed.
A'onwesterhayen, T. B.
Yoslon, Mieliael.
VicUnar, Jfarie.
A'ineent, ICdward.
Veasev, Ellen.
VogI, G.
A uleou, Henry.
A'ermis, P. I).
Yorhoir, I'harles.
Vacearo, Maria.
A'anier, Jlrs.
Vincent. G.
Vas, Joseph.
Vauderhuoder, F.
Vent a, J.
Volte, Francisco.
N'erges, Charles.
Vinne. Sister J[. N.
Van Hooven, .A.
Valencia, A'iel.
\'au Hoove.
Vagelsaeuge, J. G.
Vivar, Mary S.
Verdichizzi, Jo.
Van Ostern, Eva M.
Vilter, Ma.\.
Vogcley. Charles.
Venus, Cliarles F.
Voconou ich, ('.
Vidoo, .-^medee.
Vogel, Mrs. Martha.
Vacearo, .\utonio.
Verlander, (ieorgiana.
Vosbergh, Jolm R.
Vacearo, Antonio.
Vigard, George.
Vanier, A.
Volois, Henry.
Valnote, Pob'lo.
^'esseiu, Mrs. Julia.
Voeheran, ( laude.
Vamote, Joseph.
Vos.s, Mattie A.
Verges. Ji'an P.
Veavant, Fred. S.
Vilter, Bertha.
Verges, John.
Viendahaar, Lewis.
Vanderheiden, F. A.
Voight, Frantz.
Vitrano, Maria.
Voight, Mrs. Clara.
Vincent, J. B. P.
Veaux, Pierre.
Willet, Henry.
Williams, S.
Wyrth, Henrv J.
Williams, R. E.
Wagner, John.
Walsh. James.
Winstein, A.
Whall, Aug.
Woodsen, Philip.
Wardwell, 1). W.
Waltz, (;har es.
Wollf; Eva.
Witt, Albert C.
Wermeal, Mrs. L.
Wilkins, Louis.
Wasserman, A.
Wiuhtliert, (iircana.
Work, Clias. A.
Wendling, (ieo.
Walter, Augusta.
Williams, \V. H.
Waugli, Henry.
Wollert, Fre<l!
Weiseh, Jennie.
Wolf, Willie.
Walter. Nicholas.
Wright, Marv A.
Walds, Ad. ,1. A.
Walsh, Amelia.
Wambaugh, R.
Woods, Joseyih.
Wernett, Joseph.
Wilber, H. W.
Walther, Henry L.
Warner, Leo.
Waterm :n, M. G.
Wiseman, Catherine.
Walther, Charles T.
Williamson, Warren.
Williams, Mrs. Annie.
Welch, Patrick.
Wall, Henrv.
Warfield, John.
Welsh, Thomas W.
Wheeler, Wm. J.
While, George.
Walhenir,John.
Walsh, John L.
Wheeler, Mnrv A.
Wood, W. C.
Wachenlield, "Mary.
Williams, .Vll'red. "
Weiner, Emilie.
Walker, Mary.
Ward, John.
Worth, Pauline.
Willi;nns, Pinekney.
Wright, Kobert.
Wilson, Cora A.
Wrii;ht, Itiith J.
Werujr, Mary E.
Williams, Annie Jf.
Warner, (ieo.
Wilson, Cieorne H.
Wilson, Thomas.
Woods, Kosina.
Worthlierg, Mrs. Xnevia.
Wihiams, Sam. E.
Walts, Hai-riet.
W .IIiams, Henry.
Wahl, Dorothea.
Winterbcrger, ilary.
Wain. Wm.
Wliiiaker, John F.
Wise, Wm.
Wrinaug. Fritz.
Wilkins. Marv E.
Wvlev, Wm. t.
WolcoU, Rosi.
Wagner, ICIenorfi.
Wallace, -Marguerctta.
Wright. Mr.
Welteiise, Louis.
Wilkinson, Thos. C.
Williams, Michael.
Williams, Maggie.
Welch. John.^
Welsh, Minnie W.
Wertz, Wm. H
Wehiian. Mrs. C.
Waters, Sam.
Webmever, F.
Walker, Ed.
West, Henry.
Woodworth, Mabel.
Wellpool, John.
Watenlil'er, K.
Weinzenlied, Chas.
W under, JL L.
Welsh, Jennie.
Wuern.'isa, Mic. A.
Williams, Lillie.
Wnaranara, S.
Woltr, John W.
Wiiiht, John.
Warle, C. H.
Walter, Herman.
We.ithers, Joseph.
Wight, Charles.
WeViel , I'anma C.
Wight, Frank.
Walsh, Mary E.
Weiseuberg, Joseph,
Wick, Mrs.'Sarah W.
Wischer, Bernard.
Watson, C.
Werner, George.
Williams, Eugene.
Weiss, John K.
Williamson, F. E.
Williams, Alice.
Williams, Annie.
Willbralh, Aug.
Wiggins, Eliz. R.
Wail, Wm. E.
Ward, John J.
Weiliiig, Jonas.
Welsh, .Mrs. Bridget.
Winsleid, T. H.
Waliu, Jacques A.
Wockerborth, Adolph.
Wahl. Fred.
Welsh, Wm.
Wilhelmine, Eliz.
Wangcnheim, Albert.
Weigel. ( harles.
Wil>on, Dr NorvcU W.
W.jolf, Willis K.
Wall. Alice.
Walker, Charles.
Walsh. Wm.
Wassern. Henry.
White, Nicholas.
Wilson, William.
Welsh, Johanna.
Whiti', James.
Warheit, N. •
Wichmann, Jacques.
Wilteumuth. John.
Wood, (Jharlolte M.
Wisrgering, John.
Werniek, O. O.
Wansch. Helena.
Williams, Alice.
Weiniers, Rev. C. J.
\V izohsUi, Henry.
Wogiin, Louis G.
Wekmau, -Margaret.
Williams, John.
Williamson, l''rank E.
Weaver, .lolm.
Williams, Jobcph.
Wild, Am.
Wuerpel, Ada O.
W ylie, Patrick.
Wessenberger, Martin.
Young, Wni.
Vonng, Anna.
Young, Peter.
Yuille. Mrs. Kittie.
York, John.
Young, Louise.
Yob, Henry.
Yung, JLagdalcna.
Young, Wm.
Young, Charles.
Yonngblut, E. J.
Young, Annie K.
Yaegan, John.
Youngz, .\gne.s.
Zerega, Matul A.
Zlidel, Franz.
Zoeller, Mrs. Mina.
Zerega, Alber.
Zaconi, Gacltanc.
Zamanta, JL
Zetlmaini, Andrew.
Zerega, Charles.
Zichiei, G.
Zemmer, Theo.
Zill, Annie V.
Zappa, Henry,
Zable, Ernest.
Zellman, I.siwra.
Zella, Conicouda.
Zenzer, Dr. W.
nellii.
Blakie, Uan.
Neathery, Jliss Mattie.
Hedrick", John.
Merritt, Mrs. Jane.
Williams. Jlrs. Fanny.
Bishop. Lillie.
Bishop, Lizzie.
Hogan, Thomas.
Lilley, Mrs. Rosa.
Colbert, John.
Berry, James D.
-Meagher, Charley W.
Fontiine, Bennie.
Mazelin. George.
Moss, Philip.
Lilley, Dr. T. W.
Kincaid, Spencer.
Colbert, Mrs.
Dixon, John.
.\rdoin, Henry.
Mont.gomerv, Spencer.
Lilley. Wright.
-M on tgomery , Mrs. Jenn y.
(iibson. Mr.'
Isaacs, John.
Sehnackle, Rembrandt.
Gammel, John.
ncltn.
Felt, Bnrney.
Neillsou, Ansnst.
Short, Wm. P.
Mcintosh, Wm. H.
Clemens, Hale.
Clemens, JIary.
Larkin, E. J.
.Marteen, Julius.
Van Epps, Harry,
.lohnson, Henry.
Lindenstein, Clms.
Burton, Martin.
A HISTORY OF
THE YELLOW FEVKH
263
Wilkerson, Mrs. J.
Wallace, Will.
Unknown iiiau.
Fioyil, Aiuiie.
Por'terrielfl. Floyil.
Cook, .Sp.itlswjll.
Kaiser, E Idif.
Feiblemaii, Jos.
Branch, E hvurd.
Blacksliire, Luke.
Cobb, Mr.
Gray, Ellen.
Unknown man.
Gilland, Dr. L W.
Cramer, Capt. E. M.
Brown, CapL. A. V.
Pryor, Bobt.
Prvor, Mrs. .
Reed (cliilil of John B.).
Welsh (child of Mrs.).
Williams, Mrs. Ed.
Corkern, Ma.j. J. B.
Corkern, Mrs. J. F.
Conway (cliild of .Mrs.).
Lawrence, Mrs. Ella.
Oben, Mrs. Emma.
Smith, Nellie,
('assman, Chas.
Engene, John.
Ciissman, Mrs. Chas.
Riy, Frederick.
C din, Sara.
Hardy, N. L.
Oben, Lnlu Mand"'.
G^ldsbnrg, Mr.s.Carolin?.
Ho^satt,Slacev,Monnds
Grillin, T. P., "MiUiken's
Bjnd.
Pierce, J. G., Cooper
Plac
Farrar, Howard, Kilar-
ney Place.
Dange'rlield, Garnett J.,
Dalniatia Placj.
Graves, Engene.
Arinsteail. Willie.
Dnulap, M. A., died in
tlatboat on Steven's
I lj:ir, oppo.site Caro-
lina Landing, Oct.lO.
IL.ng'oiiDta.
Bronssard, Facuy.
C inger, Frank.
Clark, Oliver.
Edgar, wile and daugh-
ter.
Ijaitmi'clio I'ross-
Adams, Angnst (child).
Ballard, Miss Jennie.
Bourgeois, Nolbert, and
three cliililreii.
B lurgeois. Alio,
(.'antrale, iMiss.
Canvin, Ale. (child).
Gnidrav, Miss Anrelien.
Guitlian, Mr. (child of).
Gabert, Cieorge.
Henry, J. H.
Henry, Joseph.
Lefort, Mrs. Wallace.
LeBlanc, Robert.
Longerpie, Mr. Y. (child
of).
Leoron, James.
Ledet, Mr. Sylver.
Leifal, Wallaco.
Baker, F^rank.
Creophor, E. T.
TfillMlali.
Fell, Harry F.
Asl;(>\v, Jtrs S. A.
Grillin, Thomas P.
Cade, Robert.
Cain, Denipsey.
Croiiiin (cbibrof John V
Capdevielle, < 'di nel 'a M.
(.'apdevielle, Llndsey.
Clark, James.
( 'oniier, Jnl ia.
tlomcan.x, James.
Conieau.K, James.
Cramer, Martin,
("ollins, Scott.
Cooper, Thos.
Collins, Jack.
Cox, J. J.
Cnrry, Trevanioii.
Cartel'. Margaret.
Clavery, John.
Cade, Robert.
Cnrry, Sarah.
Cheatham, Oliver,
tlooper, Ida C.
Cairo, .iim.
Dncros (<'hild of Mr.).
Doiron, X. F.
Doiron, Elise.
Dniiro a, C^orinne.
Dai'.;re. J D.
Daii;re. Delninr.
Durable, J V , Jr.
1 In pwis. Melanie.
Durable, Mrs. .bjs. V.
Dnraide, Jos. V.
Doison, Annatone.
J loison, Mrs. Elise.
Dnbrora. Caroline.
Daigre. Delniar.
Dubro-'a, JuU s V.
Doyle, linima L.
D -fondell s, Clarina.
Darling (child of).
D.iVergne, Octave.
Excmcman, iM.
F;urbanks, Ella.
F'nnke, Dorctta.
F'airie, Robert .1., Jr.
Fair, Ida Isabella.
Fonlien. G. (i
I'^ivmt, Sidn y Joseph.
Femorcan, Valleiy.
Favrot, Claude J.
I'^rank, David.
Frank, Sophia.
FieMs. Charles.
Froe.M'her, John G.
Fremont, Vallery.
Gallagher. John.
Garig, Win.
( iass. Gertrude,
(.irand. Cieorge L.
Gray, Willie.
Gray, ]>aniel.
Geriock. I'rederio.
Grady, William.
Gailey, Jane.
Grice" i'barles E.
Cinniit. Victor II.
Howard. Geo., col.
Hereford, R., col.
Herelor.i. Mrs. L. S.
Hildcii. N.iucy, coL
Herst, Louis.
Heberi, Cecelia C.
Harlt, William.
Hare, Walter F.
Hare, Maude C.
Hays. Emily M.
Hears ', Wils<m.
Hoit, Joseph.
Jones. Ben., col.
Jelf 'isnn (child of).
Jolly, K. Enimett.
Jolly, Lawrence.
Jones, Charles.
Jolly. Eva Louise.
Johiison (child of).
Jones, Caroline.
Jones. Nellie.
Jolins(]n, F'annie.
Jolly, Charles E.
Jolly, Andrew H.
Jack.son, Susan.
Jones, Rcgina G.
Jones, CTCorire.
JackMin, A. S.
Jones, Mack.
JiMid, Michael.
Jodd, Bernard P.
Knox, Lily, <ol.
K.iin, Jixseph.
Kraus, N.
Kearii, James.
Knox (child i f).
Kleinliurry. Louis F.
Kennedy, Ellen.
Kinchen, Philip.
Kiio.x, Louis.
Lonis, I 'aiiiille.
LcBlanc, Villeneuve.
Levy, Charles.
Lacranipe, Autoine.
Latchbad. Alvin C.
Liifargne. Henry.
Lamon. William R.
Ijamoii, John II., Jr.
Larkiii, Micliael.
L B anc. Paul H.
Legciidre, Louise.
Jav:, Jlina.
Ltvi, Charles.
Lee, Manila.
Lee, William.
Lee, Coia, col.
Levi. Charks.
j\larl<s, Jacob.
McClcskey, Mary .Vnn.
Mulcabev, Sol'hie.
McNamaVa. MicbaeL
Jlarker, Loui.s.
Mnschrous, Ignatius.
Mo'.a soii, Pauline.
Martiuey, Mrs. M.
Murphy, John.
Morrison, Alton.
Martin, Theodore.
M.irtin, Bertl'.a.
McMain. Edith.
Miller, ,luMus.
Miles, Beiij. F.
Mooic, Caroline.
JIartinez, William.
Miranda, Beatrice.
Macdon, Mary listelle.
Morgan, Ophelia.
Miller, Henry.
Mendelssohn, Leon.
Mayer, Isadoie.
IMai'ks, Jacob.
Murks, Isaac.
May, Job.
Mav. Wm. Harrison.
MeWborter, W. J.
N(jdler, Emile.
O'Connor. David.
Pierce, (iranville M.
Pino, Leonie.
Pope, Edward.
Pope, James.
Ponsvlraiu, Francois.
Putts' Martha M.
Potter, Willie.
Pujol, .Vnna Louise.
Power, James Silas.
Pincknev child of).
Phillips, J. H.
Petti t. Will. D.
Ross Charles H.
RMdrigney, Emile.
Richards(ai, Wm. R.
Remercs. Laviiiia.
Richardson. Jane.
Revniiud, Albert G.
Robbius, S. M.
Rowley, William.
Stejibens, C. A.
Saacliez, Dora.
Strauss, Chf rles.
S< ott.
Skollield, Pearl.
I>Hnl>oyiip S*3aiiiita-
lioii.
Edwards, Jliss.
Huljbard, Major.
Hubbard (wife of).
Hubbard (mother-in-law
of).
Williamson, Dr. W. B.
Goodlet, James R., Jr.
Gale.
JIathews.
Snttoii.
^Valker.
llliira-3s©3ibtiirg'.
Knight, Mr.
IfomcleiTKOiD, *«<»otl-
rioh. <(iii<>;f.t ami
Kale.'^h l^aiiciiii^s.
Rhoton, Albert ('.
Hays, Dr. R. T. D.
Benson. Thomas.
Craig, James A.
Frazier, Win.
Weeden, Frederick.
Mayer, (' iroline.
Mavcr, Marcus.
Block, Moses.
KIcinbaus, Catherine.
Liu 'oln, (ieorge.
Bowling, Joseph.
McDonald, John A.
B.'rnd, Os ar.
Bledsoe, W. F.
Powell, Mr.
Powell, Mrs.
Powell. Robert.
Langham, Mrs. Chas., &
baby.
Viekers, Miss Sarah.
Barbara, Mrs., & baby.
Wlnjlc II:;vOH.
Rains, Dr.
liaioii Roigge.
Anderson, Annie.
Acosta, Julia.
Acosta (child of Mrs ).
Allain, Mary Lnlu.
Aldricli, Jennie.
Amos, Scott.
.\rbour, Jos. Stjtcy.
Amiss, Wm. Duchien.
Burns, John.
Bard, Sam. Gov.
Unriis, John
Brady, John,
li ireyre, Marie L.
Boncbe, John A.
B.-ower, Lilly Belle.
Bott, .Viignsta.
Bronssard. Annie.
P.i.'rtram, Gustavo.
B nghality, Augustus.
Bumgard, fjhristiaii.
Boll; 111 in (son of Tony).
Benjamin, Lulu.
Benjamin, Henry.
Benjamin, Mary".
B inm, Charles.
B '11 (child of Emily).
Birch, .lohii.
Boyd. Alfred, col.
Bareyre, Anna M.
Beliocq. Laiirinza.
B dsineur. Lonis S.
Hresi'uham, ,\dele.
Heizron, John.
B uim, Mrs. Marv.
Bjrnliard (daughter of
JIr.«.'.
Brvan, Anno II.
Bartlet, S.
Ro{in, L'lrena.
B.o.iks, A. R.
264
A HISTORY OF
THE YELLOW FEVKR.
Stewart, George.
Stewart, Mrs. George.
Suott, Louisa.
Skolfield, Killian S.
Sanchey, Isabella.
Smith, Thomas.
Scott (son of Louis).
Smith.
Scarborough, Effie.
Sanders, Lirey.
Scully, .John.
Terpinitz, Edward J.
Thomas, Laura.
Thompson, Georgiana.
Thibodean.K, Edgar.
Thomas, Henry.
Thomas, Henry.
Thomas, Bertha.
Tliornton, Cal.
Vinin-T, Rosa.
VoivorliL'h, John.
Vienna, Anne E.
Vernier, Charles.
Verdue, Eraiie.
Wolf, Leon.
Williams (child of T.).
Wilson, Mary.
Wiseman, Robert.
Wunsch, Josephine.
Wolff, Lizzie.
Widney, Charles.
Wilkinson, Benj.
Woods, Ann Emily.
Widney, Mary A.
. Williams, Mary Ella.
Wax, Francis N.
Williams, Josephine G.
Willis, D.iuglas.
Wilson, Trevel.
Woods, John H.
Williams, Julius Wilson.
Young (son of Henry).
Zalm, George A.
ISayoii {itoula.
A stranger.
Blanchard (child of L.).
Eitzenreiter (child of).
Lawe (child of James.)
Brule Sacramento.
Albarado, Sebastian.
Albarado, Domingo.
Albarex, Perique.
Ayrand Amelia.
Denoux, Tanvier (son)
Denoux, Henri.
Denoux, Owen.
Dugas, Alece.
Dugas, Luce.
Dugas, Jerome.
Dugas, J.
DiUe, James.
Falcon, Hilaire.
Falcon, Louisa.
Falcon, Aiitoine.
Gomez, IMrs. Sebastian.
Gorizalles, Mrs. Perique.
Gonzalles, Joseph.
Le Blanc.
Mnntieino, Emanuel.
Mouticino, Mrs. Eman.
Ourso.
Clinton.
Butler, John S.
Camrer, J. L
Cafert, J J.
Dixon, Mrs. Lucas.
D ipnes, Abraliam.
Drehr, Richard.
Drehr, Miss.
De Grey, James.
De Grey, James (child).
Depues, H.
Hernon, Mrs.
Marston, Geo.
Marston, David.
Marston, David.
Marston, Miss.
Mahoney, Mr.
Mandon, Geo.
Newson, James (child).
Neson, Mrs. Libby.
Neson, Miss Libby.
Neson, Mr. Libby.
Iteily, Miss Mary.
Reily, Rev. John A.
Reilv, Geo.
Reily, Wiliie.
Rutlierford, Dr. (nurse).
I><>n;iIdsonvilIe.
Antonio, Mr.
Alford, Mattie, col.
Boudereaux, Adele.
Bosco, Carl.
Boronea, Ouida.
Brand, Emile.
Bergerson, Mathilda.
Bergerson, Paul.
Cheevers, Ed.
Cocorillo, Francis.
Carlo, Charles.
C vrlo, Calisse.
C.unbre, Camille.
Drach, Ed.
Dulve, Evelina.
Duffel, Clarence F.
Domingo, F.
l-'ucich, Joseph A.
Folse, Joe, col.
Faillomisca, Joe.
Falcon, Louisa, col.
Faillonzca, Jos.
Gue !ry, Leontia.
Gautiireaux, Mrs. G.
Gauthreaux, I^eonce.
Gauthreaitx, George.
Greggs, Wm.
Genazzine, Austide.
Gona, Victor.
Gentil, George.
Guedry, Mrs. Paul.
Genevieve, Mrs. P.
Gallata, Vincent.
Gomez, Frenzel.
Gaire, Ale-xaudre.
Green, Wm.
Croodloe, G., col.
Hide, Emilie.
Hiss, Louisa.
Hiss, Willie.
Hiss, Rosa.
Harris, Leon.
Harp. Mrs. Anna.
Hilton, Maud.
Hether, Fred,
llutton, Thos.
Herron, Cecil.
Hether, Joseph.
Ilslev, Ohas.
Israel, C. B.
Israel, Henry L.
Joseph, Leon.
Johnson, Julia, col.
Jardel, H. L.
Kennedy, Jack.
Kenner, John.
Keating, Jesse, col.
Krause, Frank.
Krause, Lulu.
Kraus, Wilhelmina.
Kline, Frank.
Kruse, H. C.
Little, Wm. S.
Loeb, Mex..
Loeb, Henry.
Loeb. Emanuel.
Lafargue, Emma.
Lafargue, Raoul.
LeBlanc, Rene.
LeBlanc, Ed.
LeBlanc, Lawrence
LeBlanc, Emilie.
LeBlanc, Alba.
Landry, Stella.
Landry, Julia.
Landry, Mederic.
Ijindry, Uluze.
Landry, Julia.
Landry, .Augu.stinc.
Landry, Mrs.Eupheamia,
Mollere, Louis.
Maher, Joe.
Melrusse, M.
Munca.ster, I.
Mauriu, Walter.
Melancon, Aria.
Michel, Eliziphord, col.
.Mavse, Henrv.
Mc'Dermolt, Mr.
Naive, Jean.
O'Connor, Chas.
Proflitt, Annie.
Perez, Letitia.
Pope, Joe.
Pfortzmeiner, L.
Pinch, Xavier.
Propnr, Salvador.
I^yliski, James H.
Profield, Anne.
Rodrigue, Celestine.
Rodrigue, Victorine.
Rodrigue, Klebert.
Rodeillior, Alice.
Sommerville, Mary.
Sommerville, Allen.
Solares, Anthony.
Stranger, A.
Smythe, Augusta.
Savadras, Mrs. Vic.
Smith, A.
Shewniaker, H C.
Stucker. Wm.
Terrio, Octava.
Unknown.
Varinniuii, Mario.
Vita, Deserve.
Varinnani, Celestine.
Wilson, Irene.
Weil, Sam.
Wiggins, Jackson.
Willis, Mrs. P. C.
Willis, Clara A.
Patterson vi lie.
Bernard, Mrs. Louisa.
Bernard, George.
Bernard, Charlie.
Bourke, Clare.
Bourke, Alidia.
Broussard, Alice.
Baker. Frank.
Cox, Lelia.
Cropper, Ernest T.
Corndy, Amelins.
(.'onsienne, .\drian.
Clarke, Oliver.
Dowilall, Mrs. Sidney.
Dauphin (niece).
Duffy, M. E.
Davies, R. G.
Edgir, Irwin.
E<lgar, Mrs. Irwin.
Edgar, Miss.
Felterman, Mrs
Gross, Mrs.
• ionaux. J L.
Hayes, Willie.
Hoilanil, James.
Hall, Henry, Sr.
lunerarity, Catherine.
Kellar, Richardson.
Knisjht, Rev. Mrs. Jos.
LeBlanc, C. O.
JIartin, R. R.
Mayloz, T. W.
Plaqneniine.
Altimus, J. F.
Alexander, James.
Biehler, Leonline.
Barker. Fabian Alchus.
Bauzau (child).
Barker, Mary E,a.
Brusle, Ophelia.
Brnnct, Pierre.
Bonvv, N. C.
Barker, C. O. D.
Billings, Frank.
Bell (daughter).
Burnes, Patrick.
Burnes, James S.
Brown, Edward.
Bergeson, Z. R.
Bartel, Charles.
Bruce, .Adelai<le.
Blouin, Sidney.
Barbay, Mary"
Barton. Joseph.
Bartel, M.
Barthel, Dominique.
Babin, Alphonse.
Brown, Ai thur.
Brown, Aristide.
Broun (infant).
Blanchard, Laura.
Broissac, Charles.
Blouin, R. M.
Brown, Jo.seph.
Coomes, Camilla.
Chastant, Sidney.
Pass Christian.
Babin, V., col.
Berry, C.
Chaniiler, Mary T.
('hamplin, Lou.
Cary, Mrs.
(.'ourteney, T.
Cezerin, IJeajio.
Doran, J.
French, Bennie.
Fnlger, Joseph.
Gibson, John, Jr.
Gibson, Frank T.
Hart, Lena.
Hart (child of Junius).
Hiern, Mrs. Finlev B.
Hollav (child of N.).
Jeffries, Prof. J. S. B
Jeffries, Mrs. M. R.
Jeffries, Miss.
Jeffries, B. L. '
Maloney, Miss.
Pecante, Madame John.
Pf>in;-a-Ia-Hactae.
Berret (son of Joe).
Landrv (two children
of I.).
Merrill, Dr. De.
Port Barrow.
Hohensee, Andrew J.
Jiickson, Mollie.
Philip, .Jolin.
Rodrigue, .\nnn.
Rodrigue, Miss II.
Soires, Raphael.
Vinette, Emanuel.
St. Jacnes' Parish,
Chanvin (child of P.).
Sarrazin (child of).
Sonthwest Pass.
Flynn, Mrs. M. E.
Flynn, Jessie Louisa.
Flynn, Mary Elizabeth.
Tang^ipahoa.
Barrow, Mrs. Alex.
Barrow, Wm.
Butler, Tom., col.
Carter, Dr. W. N.
Cutrer, Racliael, col.
Daley, John.
Daley, Mrs John.
Daley, Harriot.
Daley, Lizzie.
Fisher, Martha.
Fairchild, Wm.
Frogg, Peter.
Harvey, Clark.
A HISTOEY OF THE YELLOW FEVER,
2G5
Hodscs, Nool.
Hodges, Eugene.
Hodges, Jennie.
Hyde, Serena.
Hyde, Willie.
Hall, Mrs.
Jones, Mrs. Serena B.
Jones, Hattie.
Jiirksun, C, ool.
Knofl", Ciipt. L.
Kohlliaas, Jos.
Kohlhaas, Mrs.
Kennoii, Dr. C. E.
Kennon, C. R. •
Kennon, Hubert.
Lewis, Mrs. Mary.
Lo.sey, Charlie.
MeDaniel, John.
McGehee, F. D.
McOehee, Harriet, col.
Nelson, C, col.
Prince, Annie.
Ricks, J. D.
Russell, Fred.
Russell, Johnnie.
Suasey, Dr. H. A.
Suasey, Ida
Simmons, Wm.
Simmons, Jennie.
Smith, Nelson, col.
Teatons. Mr.
Varnardo, Sammie.
Waller, Mrs. Green.
Waller, Jessie.
Waller i^child o£ Jessie).
Waller, Penn.
Waller, Alcina.
Wall, Abe.
Wall, Dempsey K.
Wolf, Rosalie.
Weatliers, Geo., col.
Wheat, Peter, col.
Terre Aux Bociif.
Bolton.
Mvrick, M. A.
Peeples, Mrs.
Peeples (c;hild of Mrs.).
'Fhibodanx.
Anbort, M. T. C.
Agatha, Sister.
Aueoin, Nnma.
Alberti, Thomas
Ailam, Robt.
Avot. Vill'ried.
Anbort, W. C.
Alteman. Mnrtine.
Bondrean.x, Tlieodrnle.
Bondreau.\, Philomene.
Bondrean.x, Menville.
Bondreaux, Joseph.
Bondrean.x, Azelia.
Bondreanx, Wei.
Bondrean.x, Kdgard.
Bondreaux, Eulalie.
Bondreaux, Wm. Louis.
Bondreaux, Charles.
Bondreavix, Jules.
Bondreaux, Mrs.
Bondreaux, Hebert.
Bondreaux, Osear.
Brown, John.
Boingeois, L. N.
Bo irgeois, Miithilde.
Banh'caux, L.
Bourgeois, Sarah.
Bourgeois, Mrs. Justinian
Ul.-niehavd, Robt.
Bideaux, .\llen, Jr.
liaricK ux, Eugene.
Broekhol't, Louis.
Brock Ik il't, Osear.
linii'lclKift, Louise.
Blanchard, E. N.
Blanrhard, T. L.
Bussow, Henry.
Ballard, Eugene.
Bourgeois, N., Jr.
Bourgeois, Alcesti.
Bourgeoi.s, Young.
Bourgeois, N., Sr.
Bourgeois, Cecile.
Choi, E., Jr.
Curtis, Jolive.
Callarie, Eugenia.
Champagne, Abel
Champagne, Francis.
Cogan, John.
Clement, Mrs. Joseph.
Clement, Mr.s. U.
Clement, Clevnille.
Clement, Theopliile.
Cantrale, Jusepliinc.
Ca.stro, Nevville.
Chamin, Bertha.
Cancioine, Villier.
Cluassou, Octave.
Concannnn, James.
Durgan, Thomas.
Dicinne, Theresa.
Dionnr, lyouis.
iJanierean, Dr. P.
Dugas, Joseph.
Doncet, Alphonsine.
Doucet, Mathilda.
Davidson, Eva.
Dias, Ed.
Dnhamel, Calixte.
Diipre, Nenville.
Estivan, Marcelin.
Erskine, Mr.s. John.
Erskine, John.
Erskine, Polexanie.
Feta, Valmon.
Forest, Celestine.
F^orest, Cyprien.
Forest, FelicieU.
Fanestine, Sister.
Fulford, Anna.
Guillot, Mi-s A.
Guillot, Mrs. Loui
Gros, L
Gros, Zephir.
Cianberi, Lem.
Guidrv, Julia.
GuidrV (child of Ad.).
Gros, H.
Gros, L.
Gantreaux, Orvile.
Hargis, Marie.
Ileber, Thom 's.
Hebert, Arthur.
Hendricks, Dianiis.
HoH'man, Sam.
Hawk, Robt.
Hebert, Theresa.
Hebret, Alfred.
Henry, Joseiih.
Iteibs, Anna.
Jiisepliine, Sister.
Jules, Charles.
Knobloek, Bertha.
Loiseaux, Joseph.
Legendre, Louis.
Legendre, Emile.
Legeni.lre, Adolphine.
Legendre, Gnstavc.
Lefort, Mrs. W.
Lafond, Mrs. Jo.sephine.
l.agarde, Frank J.
Lagarde, Dalilab.
Lagarde, John.
Lel'eim, Robt.
Ledet, Silver.
Ledet, Mrs. Amedee.
Liretie (child of).
Leron, Joseph.
Leron's (child at).
Lclilave, Robt.
Lebhive, .V.
Lovia, Ida.
Mova.nt, Ulysses (child).
Morris, Charles.
Molaison, Onezippe.
Martin, Anna.
Martin, Eulalie.
Mure, T. K.
Maronge, Onezippe.
Murray, Willie.
Murray, Mollie.
Naguin, Joseph.
Naguin, Mrs.
Naguin, Arthur.
Nasiuin, Louise.
Nicholls, Madge.
Pochon, Jean.
Patterson, PLarrisoii.
I'errin, Adolph.
Pichon, Alice.
Rogers, Emile.
Richard, Charles.
Richard, Marie.
Ragan, Ella.
Ribet, J. M.
Robertson, Adam.
Roth, Angelina.
Robert, He)iri.
Sevin, Mrs. Joseph.
Sevin, Josephine.
Sevin, Mrs. Onezipp
Schift'ersteine, Marie.
Sabourin, Dr. C.
Saunders, Ralph.
Two Chinamen.
Toups, Mrs. Overstilc.
Tonps, Clebert.
Tfmps, J[arie.
Turner. Charles.
Trosclair, Ida.
Trosclair. Jcseph.
Taylor, Daniel.
Tavlor, Charles.
Thibodanx, Mrs. C.
Thibndaux, I>.
Thibddau.x, Georgina.
Thibodanx, Mrs. H.
Thibodanx, Elder.
Thibodanx, Angele.
TnrclilT, Oliver.
Tarclitf, Jlrs. Victor.
Temple, Horace.
Turgeon, T. D
I'himan, Martin.
Walch, James.
Wade, Thrnstoii.
Weill, Gus.
Bleats, H. W.
Colored man.
Davis, Mrs.
Hackelt, Harris.
Heines, Wm.
Iglauer, Mr.
Lewis, Rev.
VII.
Ohio. — CiNCiNN ATI.
Le'wis, S. (servant).
Lewison, Mr.
Lock, Jasper.
MuUer, Chri.s.
OITner, Blanche.
Roback, PI.
Gallipolis.
Brown, Mrs.
Brothers, Clodius.
Buck, Wm.
Jiegelman, Chas.
Hall, Wm.
Knoedler, Wm.
Porter, Joseph.
Plymede, Hugh.
Ilnknown woman.
Walker, Wm.
Walker, Loring.
Walker, Alice.
Benner, H.
Brown, George.
Boehn, August.
Bunton, Wm.
Byrne, E. R
Golden, Henry.
Clark, Lee.
Decker, Eddie.
VIII.
IMissouRi. —St. Louis.
Daniels, T. 0.
ElTert, Jake.
Fortes, C. H.
Gilmore, C.
Hendricks, J. O.
Jennings, J.
Langley, S. J.
Lepere, Emma.
Malen, F.
Mahler, Louisa.
Morgan, Pat.
Nelson, C. H.
Nelson, W. O.
Pay ton, James.
Possati, Peter.
Pittman, Scott.
Parsons, C. M.
Runolds, M.
Stephani, G.
Vaggart, W.
Walker, W. J.
Woodward, A.
266
A HISTORY OF THE YEM.OW FEVER.
IX.
Other Points.
Philadolphin, Pa.
T.ite, Mark.
I>nItoii, Gil.
Bnhaiinon, Mrs.
Hogan, Mary.
Abiii^flon, Vn.
Dickson, Judge L. V.
Sfew Y«»rU.
Lindli'V, Dr. N. A.
Reillcy, Wm.
.slieftz, Wm.
Delaware Break-
water.
Barrett, A.
Warrington, Isaac H.
Seven sailors.
Feriiandina, I'la.
One mate.
' One seaman.
X,
Memphis Railroad Companies.
Memphis ami
Cliarle^ton K. R.
Allen, J. D.
Biiise s, \V. L.
(Jlovd, T. S.
Clark, W. A.
Cain, .1. E.
Carlson, Charley.
(;oe, Lafayette.
Delaney, Wm.
Grady, Thos.
Crimes, Larry.
Gray, Walter.
Gamble, Frank.
Gregg, J. C.
Jackson, K. J.
Kelly, M.
Kallaher, M.
Moran, M.
SIcCorshin, Frank.
Merritt. G. R.
Mitchell, Moses.
Moss, David.
Jloffatt, John.
NielioUs, Wm.
Otto, A. G.
Pearsall, A.
Paul, Major.
Roberts, John.
Smith, F. J.
Thompson, Jerry.
I Thompson, Wra.
1 Wiley, W. H.
I Williams, Wallace.
Wehie, Stephen.
iUississii>|>i A Ten-
nessee R. R.
Burk, A. A.
Brown, Thomas.
Berry, A.
Bolton, Thos. C.
Eason, John P.
Kendall, Peter.
Kirliy, William.
Kirljy, Mrs. Wm.
Lewis, George E.
Hallows, Joseph.
Hallows, Miss.
McNamara, John.
JIcNamara, Mrs. John.
Moore, G. W.
McCormick, M.
Jlister, Thomas.
McManiis, Samuel.
Korth, Nelson.
O'Neal, Jame.s.
O'Neal, Maurice.
Pettv, Joe.
Ratcliff, S.
Ryan, Dennis.
Kyan, Miss Mary,
Reding. W. J[.
Rousseau, Jlonroe.
Sh inkle, Robert.
Wood, J. K.
Wood, Mrs. J. K.
ILouisville A Nasli-
ville R. R.
Arnold, T. J.
Anderson, F.
Brew, Mike.
Burrell, Ed.
Beeler, J. H.
Bngg, Phil.
Bronson, Charles.
Boas. W. G. N.
Cully, R. R.
Crawford, N.
Curtis, C.
f^arroll, Ed.
Cliester, Price.
Connelly, J. B. W.
Coleman, S.
Dalov, Patsev.
Ernest, G. W.
Ernest, Mrs. G. W.
Featherstonc, W. T.
Finch, J. W.
Giimn, D. T.
(Joodwin. E. B.
Garrett, Kenneth, Jr.
Harris, Jordan.
Hannon, James.
Johns, Conrad.
Kendall, Alfred.
Kayhn, John.
Kanovan, M.
Lindenwood, E.
Lane, H. B.
Lawton. Eugene.
McClanahan. Thos.
McCormick. Isaac.
Matthews. A. J.
Murray, Ed.
Noble,' Robert.
Nicholson, J. G.
Owen, 11.
Pickle, V.
Pope. Emmet.
Pedro, Joe.
Rummngio. John
Rilev, Mike.
Ritter, L. F.
Rosen, F. J.
Stewart, P. B.
Schulcr. Martin.
Steel, W. H.
Smith. Ed.
Sheetz. H. C.
Snmnels. H. B.
Teaguc. W. H.
Williams, E.
Winu, Charles.
XI.
Telegraph Operators who Died in ^Iemphis.
Allen, J. H.
Connelly, John I.
Goewey, H. M.
Gibson, E. W.
Hood, Thos.
Hcnrickle, J. R,
Hawkins, A. S.
Keyes, ISl. J.
Lan^ford, C. R.
Mvnatt, W. H.
McDonald, J. W.
Walsh, Daniel.
(2G7)
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER,
269
QUARANTINE AND SANITATION.
I.
Quarantine, from tlic Italian word quarantina (a space of forty days), a police
regulation for the exclusion of contagious diseases from a city, state, or nation.
This regulation prescribes the interdiction of communication with individuals,
ships, steam-ships, steam-boats, railroad cars, and by cargoes of goods supposed
or suspected of being tainted by certain diseases — such as the cholera, black
pliigue, or yellow fever — prevailing at the place where such jjassengers, vessels,
or vehicles fm- intercommunication hail from at their time of sailing or depart-
ure. All the civilized nations of tlie world have and enforce such regulations.
The United States as well as the several States, and nearly all the cities in the
Union of more than 20,000 people, and many of the smaller towns, have adopted,
and, when necessar}^ enforce quarantine.* In Europe an international code,
adopted in 187-1, has taken the place of the barbarous system which grew out
of the Mosaic, law, set forth at length in the Book of Leviticus, from the
eleventh to the fifteenth chapters inclusive. Moses therein prescribes the most
stringent precautionary measures to prevent the spread of disease. Leprosy is
described in its various stages, and the leper is ordered to be set apart from the
people without the camp for a certain number of days. The treatment for his
* In 1878 tlie cities and towns of Mississippi, Texas, Arkansas, and Tennessee, situated
on rivers and railroads, enforced (juarantiiie by companies of liastily improvised police
armed with double-barreled shot-guns; and Dowler, writing in 1853, says that in that year,
"as yellow fever appeared in New Orleans at an unusually early period of the season, and
long before its invasion of other towns in the southern slope of the Mississip(ii Valley,
the town autiiorities, in many cases, imposed quarantine laws for their own protection
early in August, as Natchez, Baton Rouge, etc. No exemption, great mortality, neglect
of the sick, and other evils followed, some of which grew directly out of quarantine
itself, and were by no means creditable to humanity. While experience shows that quar-
antine does not prevent yellow fever, it does prevent free intercourse with the sick, nurs-
ing attendance, and the physical comforts, by which alone the disease can he combated
with the greatest success. Fortunately, however, humanity is usually stronger thnn quar-
antine, in practice. Non-intercourse, seclusion, and abandonment, which quarantine directs,
or necessity implies, are too revolting to common sense to be practiced toward friends,
neighbors, and relatives; and, consequently, in yellow fever, these not being carried out in
practice, quarantine will always be violated, until morality and charity be extinguished."
And yet some happy results may be cited for these restrictive measures. Several towns in
Mississippi, Tennessee, and Arkansas owe their exem|)tion from the yellow fever in 1878
to their shot-gun quarantines, and, so far, the spread of the plague in Russia this year has
been prevented by military cordons such as in 1831-2 prevented the spread of the cholera
in the same country and in Palestine and Arabia.
270
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
recovery is given, and instructions liow-he is to purify himself; and even after
purification, and when he has been alloAved to return to the camp, how long
he is to remain apart from the peoi:)le. He also gives instructions as to the
cleansing of the leper's clothes, and, finally, as to the burning of them ; and also
the biu-ning of his house where the case is of a malignant type. In modern
times we first hear of quarantine in connection with the Eastern Empire,
for its protection from the plague; and in Venice, where, in 1127, it was
enforced against merchants and others arriving from the Levant, wdiere leprosy
and the plague then prevailed. A house for persons thus detained was estab-
lished on a small island some distance from the city where they were held as in
a prison for the full term of forty days. This was known as the House of St.
Lazarus — hence the term lazaretto, which was afterward given to all the quaran-
tine houses of refuge in Europe, some of which, almost as forbidding as the
black-hole of Calcutta, were continued to our ow^u time. The regulations thus
established, which also required the production of bills of health, clean or foul
as the case might be, remained in force for many years, — Florence and a few
of the cities of England copying them as early as 1348. But it was not until
the code of Viscount Bernabo was promulgated and enforced on the 17th of
January, 1374, that quarantine was permanently established. This was based,
as will be seen, upon the law of Moses. He ordered that every plague patient
should be taken out of the city into the fields, there to die or recover. The
persons who attended upon a j^lague patient were required to remain apart for
ten days before they again associated with any one. The jDriests were directed
to examine the diseased, and point out to special commissioners the persons
infected, under penalty of being burned alive. The goods of any one import-
ing the plague were confiscated. Finally, none except those appointed for
the purpose were to attend upon a person affected with the jalague, on penalty
of death and confiscation of goods. In 1388 he forbade the admission of peo-
ple from infected places into the Venetian dominions, on pain of death. These
rigorous and severe rules were copied by all the commercial cities of the Medi-
terranean, and the consequence was- that for a time they were closed to naviga-
tors. In 1448, the Venetian Senate enacted quarantine laws which required
all ships and individuals arriving from places suspected of being infected with
contagious diseases to undergo a term of probation before entering port and
discharging cargo. In 1453 the first lazaretto, or pest-house, was permanently
organized on the island of Sardinia. Another, erected in 1468, was called
the new lazaretto, and was the place whence those who Avere cured of the
plague were sent to spend the prescribed probation of forty days. A board
or council of health Avas ahout this time established, which, in 1504,
was invested Avith the powers of life and death. In 1603 the municipal
ordinances enforcing quarantine Avhich, up to that time, had prevailed in
England, gave Avay to a specific code adopted by the privy council of James
I., on the 30th of July of that year. This code required persons living in
infected houses, Avhether in toAvn or country, to be shut up for six Aveeks under
penalty of being "punished as vagabonds by Avhipping," and provided that
" any person going abroad Avith the disease upon him shall be deemed guilty
0
A HISTORY OF THE YEI>I.OW FKVER. 271
of felony."* In 1636, bills nf health were first marie obligatory in England.
They have been enforced in, Italy ever since 1527. They were then, as they
are now, passports for vessels given by the magistrate of the port from which
a vessel sails, or by the consul or commercial agent residing there who repre-
sents the nation whose flag a vessel sails under. They were distinguished as
clean or foul, according to the condition of the place where they were given.
* Tills l)rut;il code was sup[ilemented niid made more cruel in 10G5, wlien the plague
having continued to recur, houses were required to be closed an additioMal month after
all the family were dead or recovered ; and a guard was placed in front day and niglit to
keep out visitors, and a large red cross, with the words, "Lord have mercy upon us I"
painted on the door. Defoe, in his history of the plague in London, in 1GG5, shows that
the liorrors of quarantine were worse than the plague itstdf. " A whole family was slmc
up and locked in because the maid-servant was taken sick; these peoi)le obtained no
liberty to stir, neither for aid nor exercise for forty days; want of air, fear, anger, vex-
ation, and all the other griefs attending such an injurious treatment cast the mistress of
the family into a fever, and visitors came into the house and said it was plague, though
the physician said it was not. However, the family were obliged to begin their quaran-
tine anew, on the report of the visitor or examiner, though their former quarantine
wanted but a few days of being finished. This oppressed them so with anger and grief
and, as before, straitened them also so much as to room and for want of free air, that
most of the family fell sick — one of one distemper, one of another, chiefly scorbutic ail-
ments— one of a violent colic — -until, after several pi-olongations of their confinement,
some or other of those that came in with the visitors to inspect the persons that were ill,
in hopes of releasing tliehi, brought the distemper along with them, and infected the
whole house ; and all or most of them died, not of the plague as reallv upon them
before, but of the plague that those i)eople brought them who should liave been careful
to have protected them from it. And this was a thing which frequently happened, and
was indeed one of the worst onsequences of shutting up houses. Watchmen .were sta-
tioned at the doors of the sick to jirevent escape, and the passer-by shuddered when he
looked up and saw the fatal mark of isolation on tiie door." "This merciless imprison-
ment," says Dr. A. N. Bell, the sanitarian, "was pursued with a heartless obduracy, en-
gendered by the belief that it was the only means of averting death to those who inflicted
it." Defoe also records the noble deeds of some of the health officers, and some counlrv
people who constantly sought out the sufl'ering, and procured and carried them fond;
and such persons "very seldom got any harm from it," and were therefore deemed to
have been miraculously preserved, while hundreds and thousands of those who fled died
in their Hight. "They had the taint of the disease in llieir vitals, and after their spii-its
were so diseased they could never escape it." Thus i)revailcd the quarantine epidemic
of Viscount Bernabo, with its attendant symptoms of terror, starvation, and suicidal
mania, "until," in the wf)rds of Defoe, "it was impossible to beat any thing into their
heads; they gave way to the impetuosity of their temper, full of outcries and lamenta-
tions when taken sick; and madly careless of themselves, foolhardy and ol)stinate wliile
tiiey were well." France, Holland, Spain, Portugal, indeed all the commercial States
and seaports of Europe, followed iheexample of Venice; and plague reigned. Quaran-
tines, which took no cognizance of municipal or domestic filth were not only powerless,
but were promotive of the diseases against which they were enforced. Insomuch that at
the beginning of the eighteenth century M. Anbert Roche estimated that for the three
centuries next preceding the general establishment of lazarettos, there were 105 epidem-
ics; for the three centuries next after, 143. The nuire effectual suppression of the plague
-since the beginning of the eighteenth century he rightly attributed to the general progress
of civilization under the auspices of public hvgiene.
IS
272 A HISTORY OF THE YEI.LO'W FEVER.
A foul bill is delivered in a port Avliere cholera, tlic black plague, or yellow
fever exist; a clean bill where none of these exist. At first forty davs Avas
exactingly enforced, but now the extent of the probation is determined by the
liealth bill, at the option of the quarantine authorities. In 1700, after the
yellow fever visitation of 1699, in Philadelphia, the General Assembly of the
colony of Pennsylvania, enacted the first quarantine law in this country, im-
posing a fine of one hundred jwunds upon every unhealthy vessel that landed.
In 1701, a health law providing for quarantime was enacted in Massachusetts.
In 1710, the English Parliament passed an act establishing, quarantine
throughout the kingdom, in ^preparation for the plague which then prevailed
along the shores of the Baltic. In a few years after, another act was passed
"to enable His Majesty more effectually to prohibit commerce, for the space
of one year, with any country that is or shall be infected with the plague."
In France no regular systeim was instituted until after the great plague in Mar-
seilles, in 1720-21. A general system was then adojjted, and made applicable
to all the French ports on the Mediterranean for the exclusion and sequestra-
tion of all vessels and persons from infected places, and where plague pi-evailed
of all infected houses and their occupants, under extremely rigid restrictions
and heavy penalties.* In 1720, while plague was prevailing at JNIarseilles, the
celebrated Dr. Richard Mead was requested by the English government to
furnish necessary regulations for the occasion. He advised a continuance of
the forty days' lazaretto system of Bernabo, the sejjaration of the sick fi'om
the Avell, and the sinking of infected goods and vessels in the sea. In 1721,
it was further enacted by Parliament that infected persons escaping from quar-
antine, and well ^persons not liable to quarantine, but who, having entered,
escaped therefrom, should suffer death. f The inhumanity of these acts soon
" But," as Dr. A. N. Bell, in liis article on quarantine, says, ''on a return of the disease to
Marseilles some time after, the restrictions having proven to be exceedingly veratious, the
Chamber of Commerce opposed their further execution as being unnecessarily oppressive,
witliout any corresponding benefit, and prejudicial to the comnieicial world. This oppo-
sition of tlie merchants was soon after followed by special administration under officers
known as Intendents of Health, who, after certain sanitary precautions, admitted vessels to
jvafique from infected places. The independence of Marseilles and Toulon of tJie general
ordinances was, at the first, severely criticised by the other jiorts, and much discontent cre-
ated. Marseilles especially was accused of inviting plague. But her independent winitary
administration gained ground. By a succession of royal edicts she was sustained in her
efTorts to render quarantine less oppressive to commerce, and confirmed in her independ-
ence."
t An evidence of the extremes to wliich (piarantinists, in modem times, are forced to go to
maintain their theory is furnished by the late Dr. Townsend, who was a consistent, honest,
and able quarantinist, and who says, in his book on the yellow fever in New York, as it
appeared in 1822, that all intercourse with the West Indies (and why not with New Or-
leans ?) should be prohibited for five months in every year, beginning with June, in order
to prevent the importation of yellow fever. He says, that " unless an unbroken line of
lazarettos be established along the wliole coast, to guard against the pestilence, we can not
ever hope to be entirely secure. "VVliat will avail the most efficient sy.stem of quarantine
laws, established here and there in a few cities on the coast, if all the intermediate towns,
with which a constant intercourse is going on, freely admit vessels? etc."
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
273
after caused their repeal. But in 1728 another was passed, limited to three
years, declaring any person escaping or violating quarantine guilty of felony,
and forfeiting ship and goods. This act was revived, and, with but slight mod-
ification, kept ill force until 175-), when the system was imjn-oved hv adding
floating lazarettos, for the purpose of unloading and aerating nierchandise, at a
distance from the shore in Standish Creek, instead of requiring an almost in-
terminable detention of vessels off the Scilly Islands, as previously practiced.
Tlic first port physician in what is now the United States was appointed bv the
council of Philadelphia, in 1720. Tiie first actual enforcement of quarantine
laws in the American colonies took jilaco at Philadcl])hia, in 1728, from Mdiich
time on the various ports in the other colmnes gradually adopted the same
system with various degrees of severity, and captains and o\vners were forced
to observe them from fear of heavy penalties. In 1738, pilots were ordered
not to bring a vessel with passengers nearer the city than one nnle, until she
had been boarded and examined by a phj^sician appointed for that purpose.
In 1743, a regular quarantine establishment Avas built on Fisher's (now State)
Island, at the junction of the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. In 1758, New
York enacted her first quarantine laws. In 1776, Pennsylvania fixed a pen-
alty of one hundi'cd pounds for bringing a passenger vessel, or one from a
.sickly port, nearer to Pliiladelphia than Mud Island, or Fort ]\Iifllin, without a
permit from a health oflicer. A fine of one hundred jjounds was also exacted
for concealing a sick passenger. In 1780, in England, the nundjer of quaran-
tine stations was increased to thirteen; seven in England, four in Scotland,
and two in Jersey and Guernsey. These regulations renuiined unchanged un-
til a comparatively recent period. Tlie Congress of the United States passed
an act in 1799, "respecting quarantine and health laws," which still stands
upon the statute books. In 1817, New Orleans first enforced quarantine. In 1818
the law was repealed, but was re-enacted in 1819. In 1821,* it was strengthened
Dowler, in tl\e fourth, twelfth, and fonrteeiitli chapterR of liis pamplilot, treating of tlic
yellow fever as to the quarantine cstahlished and enforced in New Orleans in 1821, says :
" The quarantine laws passed by the Legislature in February, 1821, creating a Board of
Health, with the most plenary powers, legislative, judicial, executive, pecuiiiaiy, and san-
itary, modeled after codes the most rigid, and enforced by the heaviest penalties, were car-
ried into effect in March of the same year. Tlie quarantine ground established at the Eng-
lish Turn, including incidental expenses, cost over twenty-two thousand dollars. The
year proved salubrious — a result attributed to the strict quarantine. The Governor, in
January, 1822, congratulated the Legislature upon the good fortune of New Orleans, as
being 'the healthiest city' in the Union. But, at the close of August, the yellow fever
appeared; it augmented throughout September, but did not reach its culminating point
until October — the month of greatest nnu-tality — having amounted to 665, exceeding the
preceding month by eighty-three. Governor Robertson's next message breatlied sorrow
and despair. " It is," says he, " an idle waste of time lor me to inquire into tiie causes, origin,
and nature of this dreadful malady. . . . The State resorted to quarantine, under
the expectation that it would adil to the ehariees of escape from this dreadful visitation.
If this hope be fallacious, if no good efiect has been produced, if even a procrastination
of its appearance has not resulted from this measure, then should it be abandoned, and
our commerce be relieved from the expense and inconvenience which it occasions." The
Legislature declared that the city was [lerfectly healthy until the month of September,
274
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER,
and was continued five years, during mIucIi two epidemics occurred; and in other
years it prevailed in spoi-adic forms. In 1825 quarantine was abandoned and
the Board of Health said until the close of August, when tiie Lynch family, having ar-
rived from Pensacola, ooiuniunicated the disease to the inhabitants of Bienville Street,
and thence to the inhabitants of the wliole city. This same Board of Health, the previ-
ous year, in an official manifesto, dated September 4th, gave a very different account of
the origin of this epidemic, charging the disease to the sun, the weather, and fatigue, and
never so much as hinting that the poor Lynches had introduced contagion into the city,
wliich latter, saving five yellow fever deaths, " never was more healthy." Tiie Board tes-
tified to the " strictness of the measures" (quarantine then existing) to check its progress.
"This document," says liie inexorable Dowler, " is a melancholy proof of the incon-
sistent and contradictory opinions and actions of men unwilling to relinquish power, who
resort to the sun, etc., to account for the origin of the fever ; then fly to contagion ; now
misleading the public, by stating that there are but five cases having the usual symptoms,
and then saying that their strict measures will check its progress, thereby jeopardizinn- the
lives of a whole city, upon the supposition of the contagiousness of the disease. What
can be more criminal in a Board of Health, whetlier its members believe in the conta-
gious or local origin of the yellow fever, than the suppression of truth, except it be the
promulgation of falsehood ? Seclusion in the one case, if contagion be true, and flight
in the other, if the iever be of local origin, might have saved hundreds of lives, if
adopted early enough." The late Dr. Townsend, of New York, a consistent contagionist,
in a work on yellow fever, published in 1823, avers that facts known in that city ''show
that the disease actually prevailed in New Orleans at least a month anterior to this meet-
ing of the Board of Health." He says, "that from information derived from various
sources, which may be fully relied on, yellow fever broke out in New Orleans as early as
the beginning of or middle of July." " While the facts, arguments, and quarantine op-
erations were still fresh," says Dowler again, " the public felt convinced of the evil of this
system of yellow fever prevention, and determined to petition the Legislature to abolish
the quarantine laws. Accordingly, on the 23d of January, 1823, a large public meeting
took place, in Avhich it Avas moved and carried, ' that the late epidemic had tested the
total inefficiency of the quarantine laws and regulations; we consider them not only use-
less, but in the highest degree opjiressive and injurious to the commerce of this city, and
that application ought to be made to the Legislatuie for the purpo.se of having them an-
nulled.' A memorial was addressed to the Legislature accordingly for that purpose.
The quarantine had been tried for three years, and yet two epidemics had occurred.
The contagionists began to waver, and the joint committee of both houses of the Legisla-
ture, disagreeing on quarantine, were discharged from the consideration of the same on
the last day of November, 1824. Experience, which is ever opposed to fal.se theory, con-
vinced the public that quarantine was not only useless, but supremely mischievous, in a
city so exclusively commercial, tliat a free, untrammeled trade, with freedom of ingres.s,
egress, and progress is not only simply useful, but a social necessity, involving the ques-
tion of subsistence or starvation. Accordingly, on the 19th of February, 1825, the Leg-
islature repealed the quarantine laws which it had enacted just four years previously; at
the same time the quarantine grounds were ordered to be sold. During the eight years
that followed, without quaraniine, the yellow fever diminished. It never equaled that
which took place under the strict quarantine of 1S22, when, according to some authorities,
2,000 died of that malady, although the records, which I have examined, show only 808,
a number sufficiently appalling in the comparatively small poindatiou then resident in
the city, especially during the hot season; the whole reported mortJllity for the three
months, ending with October, being 1,362. The ratio of mortality in tiie Charity Hos-
pital was enormou.s — out of 349 admissions, 239 deaths, and only ninety-eiglit cures took
place. The maximum mortality upon one day rose to 80 — of yellow fever to GO."
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
27.3
not resumed until 18.55, since wliich time four epidemics have occurred, and it
has appeared sporadically every year up to 1872, and since then, epidemically.
The triumphant inarch of cholera in Eurojie and tliis country, in 1831-2, when
it passed througli the most crucial tesis of quarantine, first induced a change
in the enactments above recited. Confidence in quarantine was every-where
shaken. It was found to ])e no barrier to the spread of tlie plague to cities
whose uusanilary condition invited it, and that it hampered, hindered, and
prevented commerce, without affording the equivalent of .«afctv. It was, there-
fore, resolved by many French scientists to try and eflect a change or modifi-
cation of the quarantine enactments that would relieve commerce and yet
afford the surveillance necessary to adequate protection. A report upon quar-
antines, from the Academy of IMedicine, of Paris, concurred in the j^ropriety
(tf a complete reform; and, on Augu.st 18, 1847, a royal ordinance of France
declared the first recognition of truths based upon the opinions of medical men,
that many of the restrictions of quai'antine were unnecessarily burdensome,
and therefore aliollshed. tStill other i-cforms were decreed izi France, in 1849-
oO. But the eminent sanitarians of France were not satisfied by the reforms
accomplished in their own country. This was only the beginning of the work
they had in view. They i»roposed to show that it was in accordance with
science, and for the interests of the commerce of all other nations, to accept the
reforms ^v■hic].l they had effected in France. Accordingly, Dupeyron suggested
to the luinisters of commerce the idea of a Sanitary Congress,* which was
adopted, and delegates to it from all the principal countries of Europe, by in-
vitation of the French government, met in Paris, in 18.51. This congress
adopted ;i quarantine code, which was afterward ratified b}' the nations repre-
sented. In 1865, on the approach of the cholera, the French government
called aiii international sanitary conference, to meet at Constantinople, where a
forther modification of the quarantine restrictions was had. The yellow fever
having prevailed epidemicall}^ in 18.5.5, in Noi'folk, Virginia, and in 1856, in
Bay Ridge and at Fort Handlton, JSTew York, in spite of the most stringent
*The panitiiry reform, whicli begasi hi England about the same time, under (he pro-
visions of the new poor-law, attacked no less vigorously the ancient fallacies of qiiaran-
tjiie in that country. The General Board of Health, instituted l»y act of Parliament, in
3848, persisted in repeated efforts against the quarantine regulations for plague, yellow
fever, and cholera ; protesting t!iat protection from pestilential diseases does not consist
an quarantine regulations alone, but more in internal sanitary measures — measures wiiicli
liave for their ol»ject the suppressioii and [ireventioii of conditions without which the
diseases regarded ae qiiaratUiiiahle would not exist. The measures proposed hy the Gen-
eral Bcjard of Ifealth were tlie destruction of all the sources of infection in town and
Country; fiiinitary improvement of habitations; a full supply of wholesome food aiul
wholesome water, extending to fiie jicrsonfi and mateiials employed in commerce; and,
finally, if in spite <tf these precautions, pestilence manifests itself iiv any place, abandon-
ment of tlie locality, until the cause of the pestilence is found out and eradicated. In its
enthusiastic war on the local eatiKe* of diseases, it incUules among them quarantines, and
by rcKoiution declared, in their reixjrt of 1840, " tiiat quarantine, instead of guarding
against and preventing disease, fosters and concentrates it, and places it under condiuons
the most favorable that can be desired for its general e.^teiiBion."
27G
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
quarantine restrictions, and as many, with good reason believed, in conse-
quence of them, Dr. A. N. Bell, in Hunt's Merchants Magazine, advocated
free pratique to all well persons, under whatever circumstances, and asserted
that "things and not pereons cause and propagate disease."* Dr. Wilson
Jewell, of the Pliiladelphia Board of Health, in November, 1856, secured the
passage of a resolution by that body, providing for a quarantine and sanitarv
convention — the first ever held in America. It met on the 13th of jM:iy, 1857,
was in session three days, nine States being represented. It adopted resolu-
tions fcivoring quarantine of persons sick of small-pox, and, under certain cir-
cumstances, typhus fever, cholera, and yellow fever; and of infected vessels
and cargoes. At the second annual meeting of the convention, in Baltimore,
in April, 1858, committees were appointed on external hygiene, or quai'antine,
and internal hygiene, or the sanitary arrangements of cities. These reported
at the third annual meeting, held in New York, in April, 1859. The subject
most discussed at this meeting was the contagious or non-contagious nature of
yellow fever. This followed,, upon the introduction, by Dr. W. H. Stevens, of
a resolution declaring "that in the absence of any evidence establishing the con-
clusion that yellow fever has ever been conveyed by one person to another, it is
the opinion of this convention that ;^ersonal quarantine of cases of j'ellow fever
may be safely abolished," This was adopted by a vote of eighty-five to six.
" In the summer of 1858," says Dr. A. N. Bell, " there being a fleet of
vessels detained in New York quarantine, and a number of cases of yellow
fever in the hospitals, excitenient ran so high that, on the night of September
1st, a mob, estimated at a thousand strong, removed the sick from the hospi-
tals and burned tlie buildings. Subsequent to this act, and until the law of
1863 was carried into effect, the quarantine in New York was exteinporized.
In 1862 the Avriter was physician-in-chief of the floating hospital in the
lower bay, for the special care of yellow fever. On the conclusion of that
service, in his report to the Commissionei's of Quarantine, he especially recom-
mended the shoals of West Bank in the lower bay as the most suitable place
for rebuilding the establishment. Shortly thereafter, at the instance of Hon.
H. C. Murphy, of the State Senate, he drew the law known as the law of 1863
(which is still in force), deducing its main provisions from the report submitted
at the Fourth Annual Quarantine Convention, and designated West Bank as
the situation for the structures." Many members of the Legislature, however.
" So it proved in tfie great epidemic at Norfolk, Virginia, in 1853. A large nnmber of
refugees to Baltimore and Wiltnington, N. C, sickened and died in those cities, but none
of the inhabitants contracted the disease. Again, cases of vellow fever were introduced
in NcAV Orleans in 1870, '71, '72, '7.3, and '76, bnt no epidemic ensued. The conditions were
not favorable to the propagation of the special cause. The epidemic in Shreveport, of
1873, was occasioned by persons going from New Orleans, who had been exposed to cases
bronght there on board the brig Vul}Mmho, and not less than 250 eases appeared in the
vicinity of where the vessel was moored, but no epidemic took place. The atmosphere
of New Orleans was not in the condition favorable to the propagation of the organisms
to the extent of an epidemic ; but that of Shreveport was pre-eminently so, the fever
proving peculiarly fatal.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVLU.
277
deeming tlie erection of suitable structures on West Bank impracticable, that
clause was stricken out fur tk.^ time, aa<l the bill pussed, excluding all other
places. It took three yeai-s more, the arrival of cholei'a in 1805, and the
ellectual resistance of various devices and attempts to possess other localities,
to convince those wiio conducted quarantine for the time, and the Legislature,
of tlie propriety of reiiistating the provision for West Bank. Di-. John i^w'm-
burne, health officer at that time, on careful investigation of tlie subject,
•secured the needful amendment of the law in 18G0, which has resulted in the
erection of the most effectual and the least o])pressive quai-antine establishment
in the world,* In the same year of this enabling act for the completion of the
]S"ew York quarantine, owing to the prevalence of cholera, a second European
conference convened at Constantinople, and, in 1874, an International Sanitarv
Convention at Vienna. These were attended by representatives of the highest
standing from the various governments of Europe, from Egypt, and Persia.
The latter of these conventions, after a thorough i-eview of the former, and an
animated discussion of a jwogranime conipi'ehending twenty-six stated questions
ou tlie nature of cholera, adopted the following rules, as the sense of the con-
ference :
1. Vessels from infected jxirts must undergo observations which, according
* Under ai(d by virtue of lljis act, tlie quarantine es(;il}li>liuicn(, for the jini-t of
New York ojnsists of waivhouses, docks and wliarves, ancliorage for vessclf^, a tloatins
liosjiital, board iiig-slation, bucving-grouiid, and residences for officers and men. Mer-
chants are afl«rded facilities for ovcrliaiiliHg and refitting vessels while in fjuaiantine.
Conneete<{ with the warehoose.s are aivartnients \vitli appliances for s^^cial disinfection
by foieed ventilation, refrigeration, liigii .steam, dry heat, and elieniica! disinfection. The
boarding-stations for suspected vessels, arriving between the 1st day of .Vpril and the Lst
day of November, is in the lower bay, below the Narrows, Vessels are boarded as soon as
practicable after their arrival — between sunrise and sunset. The anchorage for vessels
un<!er qnaraiitine is in the lower bay, two miles from shore, and within nn area designated
by buoys. Quarantine applies against yellow fever, ch«lera, typhus or ship fever, and
small-pox, and any new disease of a contagious, infections, or pestilential nature. The
floating lios[)ital, with a capacity sullicient to aeeoniniodale 100 patieiUs, is anch<)re<l in
the lower bay front the 1st of May to tise 1st of Noveinlyer ; at other times it is anchored
in some more .secure place. The hospital at West E.nilc, wiien so re<pnred, is nseil exclu-
sively for yeUow fever and cholera i>atientK. The buildings on Hoffman Island are used
Jis a place of reception and temporary detention of pereons who have been exposed to
contagious or infectious diseases, but who are not actually sick. The health officer
is the custodian of the quarantine estal)lishinent ; his jurisdiction extends within tlie
limits of the city and county of New York. ]n ascertaining the sanitary condition of
SI vessel, lie is a(itliorize<l to examine, under oath, the captain, crew, and passengers, and to
inspect the hilt of health, nianifest, log-bonk, cargo, etc. Vessels liable to quarantine are
required to di-charge in quiu-antiue, and be detaiiie<l loisg enimgh thereafter for disinfec-
tion and aeration, sucli detention not to exceed ten days, unless the disease occurs or
re-appeavs during that interval, in which event the time is extended ten days. But no
vessel or cari;o, which has been in quarantine, is allowed to proceed to New Y'oik or
Brooklyn without the approval of the mayor or Board of Health of those cities res|icct-
ively. Filthy or unliealthy vessels are subject to quarantine for purification, not e.xceed-
iiig ten days. On infecte<l or suspected vessels, all clothing, jiersonal baggage, cotton,
hemp, rags, paper, hide.s, skins, feathers, hair, woolen.s, and other articles of animal origin,
278
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOV*' FEVER.
to circumstances, may last from one to seven days. In the eastern part? of
Europe and elsewhere, though only in certain exceptional cases, the surveil-
lance may be prolonged to ten days.
2. When the Board of Health have sufficient proof that during the voyage
no case of cholera, or of any other suspected disease, has occurred on board,
the observation is to last three to seven days, reckoned from the medical in-
spection. If, under these circumstances, the voyage has lasted at least seven
days, the surveillance is to be limited to twenty -four hours, to give time for
the examination and disinfection considered as necessary. In cases under this
category the observation may be held on board, as long as no case of cholera
or suspicious circumstance occurs, and when the hygienic condition of the ship
allows. ' In these cases the unloading of the ship for disinfection is not
necessary.
3. When, during the passage, or after the ship's arrival, cases of cholera or
other suspected diseases occur, the surveillance for those who are not ill is to
last seven full days, beginning from their isolation in a hospital, or whatever
place is assigned to them. The sick will be disembarked and properly at-
tended to in a place separated from the persons under surveillance. The ship
.and all objects belonging to it are to undergo a thorough disinfection, after
which persons obliged to remain on board will be subjected to surveillance for
seven days.
4. Vessels from suspected ports — that is, such as lie near places or ports
"where cholera prevails, and are in intercourse with them — may be subjected
to observation lasting, at most, five days, j^rovided that no suspicious cases of
disease have occurred on board.
5. The quarantine of emigrant and pilgrim ships, and, in genei'al, all vessels
whose condition is deemed especially dangerous to the public health, shall
be carried out under particular regulations, Avhicli the Board of Health shall
decide.
6. When the conditions of a place do not allow the presented regulations to
are subjected to an obligatory quarantine and piirifieation. Molasses, sngar, and live and
healthy cattle are snbjected to quarantine at the option of tiie health officer. All otiier
merchandise is exempted from qnanmtine and admitted \vitlio\it delay. The effects of
persons who die in quarantine are taken in charge by the health officer, and if not claimed
by the rightful heir in three months, are delivered to the public administrator of the city
of New York. All persons who Iiave died are interred, wiihout delay, in the qnaiantine
bury ing-ground, at Seguin's Point. A vessel has the right to pnt to sea before breaking
bulk, in preference to going into quarantine; but the health officer in such case in-
dorses on her bill of health the circnmstnnces under which she leaves port, the length of
her detention, and her actual condition, and sends to the rpiarantine hospital such sick
as n)ay desire to remain. All passengers on board of vessels under quarantine are provided
for by the master of the vessel. Any person violating the quarantine regwlations, or who
shall oppose or obstruct the health officer, or any of his employes, in the performance of
their duties, is guilty of misdemeanor, and punishable by a fine of not less than $100, or
by imprisonment not less than three nor more than si.x months, or by both snch fine and
imprisonment. Any person aggrieved by any decision of the health officer may appeal
therefrom to the commissioners of quarantine, who constitute a board of appeal.
A HISTOKY OF THE VELLO^V FEVER.
279
be can-led out, tlio inspected ship is to Ije dispatched to the nearest hospital,
after it has received all the assistance that its condition niay lequire.
7. Ships coming from infected ports, which have tcnicheil at a poi't en
route, and have left it without undergoing quarantine, will be treated as ships
coming front an infected harbor.
8. In cases of mere suspicion the sanitary l-,oard may order special disinfec-
tion regulations.
9. In ports wdiere cholera is epidemic full quarantine is not to be kept, but
m?ans of disinfection are to be strictly applied.
In 1874, also, the minister of agriculture of France appointed a commission,
to rej)ort ui)on the sanitary laws in force at the various ports and otlier mari-
time towns of France, and to suggest the changes which the development of
international communications by the introduction of steam seemed to render
necessary. The result of their lab:>rs, as decreed by the President of the
Eepublic, was: For the iuturc, cholera, yellow fever, and the plague will be
the only foreign epideniics to guard against. A permanent embargo will be
placed upon all vessels arriving from countiies where they prevail. Typhus
fever and small-pox will be made merely the object of exceptional precautions,
and even in these cases the measures taken will apply solely to vessels upon
which there is some sign of disease. Vessels which are entirely free from dis-
ease will be exempt from quarantine after inspection by the officers of health.
. . . The presentation of a bill of health, upon arriving in a French port,
will only be compulsory for vessels coming from the eastern shores of Turkey
in Europe, from the Black Sea, and from all countries beyond Europe .
,The merchandise arriving by any vessels which can show that there have been
no deaths or contagious diseases on board will lie exempt from all detention,
and be allowed on shore at once, with the exception of leather, hair, and
other animal debris. The coast line has been divided into elev'en circumscrip-
tions, each to be provided with a sanitary officer, whose duty it will be to see
that the regulations are carried out in his own district.
The United States laws on quarantine make those of each State supreme,
and United States vessels, in common with all others, are obliged to submit.
The nati(nial quarantine law Avhich \vas enacted by Congress last year [1878J
provides: That wdienever a;iy infectious or contagious disease shall appear in
any foreign port or country, and wdienever any vessel shall leave any infected
foreign port, or having on Ixiard goods or passengers coming from any jilace or
district infected with cholera or yellow fever, shall leave any foreign port,
bound for any port in the United States, the consular officer, or other repre-
sentative of the United States, at or near such port, shall immediately give in-
formation thereof to the supervising surgeon-general of the marine hospital
service, and shall report to him the name, the date of departure, and the
port of destination of such vessel ; and shall also make the same report to the
health officer of the port of destination in the United States ; and the consular
officers of the United States shall make weekly reports to him of the sanitary
condition of the ports at wdiich they are respectively stationed ; and the said
surgeon-general of the marine hospital service shall, under the direction of the
280
A HISTOEY OF THE YELI.OW FEVEE.
secretary of the treasury, be charged with the execution of the provisions of
this act, and shall frame all needful rules and regulations for that purpose,
■which rules and regulations shall be subject to the approval of the president;
but such rules and regulations shall not conflict Avith or impair any sanitarv
or quarantine laws or regulations of any State or municipal authorities now
existing, or which may hereafter be enacted. That it shall be the duty of
the medical officers of the marine hospital service, and of custom officers, to
aid in the enforcement of the national quarantine rules and regulations estab-
lished under the preceding section; but no additional compensation shall be
allowed said officers by reason of such services as they may be required to per-
form under this act, except actual and necessary traveling exj^enses. That
the surgeon-general of the marine hospital service shall, upon receijit of
information of the departure of any vessel, goods, or passengers from in-
fected places to any port in the United States, immediately notify the proper
State or municipal and United States officer or officers at the threatened port
of destination of the vessel, and shall prepare and transmit to the medical
officers of the marine hospital service, to collectors of customs, and to the
State and municipal health authorities in the United States, weekly abstracts
of the consular sanitary reports and other pertinent information received by
him. That wherever, at any port of the United States, any State or municipal
quarantine system may now or may hereafter exist, the officers or agents of
such system shall, upon the application of the respective State or municipal
authorities, be authorized and empowered to act as officers of the national
quarantine system, and shall be clothed with all the powers of the United
States officers for quarantine purposes, but shall receive no pay or emoluments
from the United States. At all other ports where, in the opinion of the sec-
retary of the treasury, it shall be deemed necessary to establish quarantine,
the medical officers or other agents of the marine hospital service shall perform
such duties in the enforcement of the quarantine rules and regulations as may be
assigned them by the surgeon-general of that service, under this act : Provided,
that there shall be no interference in any manner with any quarantine laws or
regulations as they now exist, or may hereafter be adojjted, under State laws.
The legislature of Tennessee, at the session which closed on the 1st of April,
1879, adopted amendments to the act of the j)receding legislature, providing
for a State Board of Health, as follows :
1. That the State Board of Health be, and they are hereby, empowered to
declare quarantine, whenever in their judgment the welfare of the public re-
quire it, and to prescribe such rules and regulations as they may deem 2:)roper
for the prevention of the introduction of yellow fever, cholera, and other epi-
demic diseases into the State of Tennessee ; and whenever the yellow fever,
cholera, small-pox, or other epidemic diseases appear in any locality witliin
the State, and information thereof is brought to the knowledge of said State
Board of Health, they shall prepare and carry into effect such rules and regu-
lations as in their judgment will, witli the least inconvenience to commercial
travel, prevent the spi'ead of the disease ; they shall select suitable localities
for establishing quarantine stations, and may erect necessary temporary build-
A IIISTOKY OF THE YKLLOW FEVER.
281
ings for the di.siufoction of passengers, baggage, cargoes, and other matters
heUeved to convey the contagious prhiciple of yellow fever, cholera, suiall-pox,
and other epidemic diseases, and may enforce such transhipment of passengers
as they may deem necessary, and shall assign to the chai'ge of each station a
competent physician and necessary assistants, who shall receive sucli compen-
sation as the said Board of Health may deem reasonable and just ; and the
members of said board shall be alL^wed a per diem compensation of not more
than ten dollars, with traveling and other necessary expenses, for each and
every day while actively employed in the business of said board.
2. That any person or persons who shall willfully disregard or evade such
quarantine as said Board of Health may declare, or violate any rule or remda-
tion they shall make in attempting to prevent the spread of any epidenjic dis-
ease, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction, shall be fined
not less than fifty dollars nor more than five hundred, or imprisoned in the
county jail for a period of three months, or both, at the discretion of the court.
3. That for the purpose of enabling tlie State Board of Health to accomplish
the end for which it was created, the sum of three thousand dollars per annum
is hereby appropriated, winch amount the comptroller of the treasury is hereby
directed to issue his warrant for, or any part thereof, first having the sum duly
certified by said board.
4. That the governor shall have power, and it is lierel)y made his dutv, to
ajipoint two additional meml)ers of said board connected with the commerce
and transportation of the country.
In addition to the above enactinent, Memjihis, under the act repealing her
cit)^ charter and creating the Taxing-district government, will also enjoy all the
benefits likely to flow from the enforcement of an oixlinance providing for a hjca]
Board of Health, and declaring the law of quarantine. Tliis ordinance, which
is almost identical witli that in force in New York city, confers upon tlie health
officer almost absolute powers. It is made his duty to " cany out all the
orders of the Board of Health and the hiM s of the State and ordinances of the
district in relation to the sanitary regulations of the district ; to proceed, from
time to time, to make a thorough and systematic examination of the district,
and cause all nuisances to lie abated with all reasonable prom])tness. And for
the purpose of carrying out the foregoing requirements, he shall be permitted, at
all times, from the rising to the setting of the sun, to enter into any house, st<H'C,
stable, or other building, and to cause the floors to be raised, if he shall deem
necessary, in order to a thorough exanuuation of cellars, vaults, sinks, or
drains ; to enter upon all lots or grounds, and to cause all stagnant waters to
be drained off, the pools, sinks, vaults, drains, or low grounds to be cleanseil,
filled up, or otherwise improved or amended ; to cause all privies to be cleansed
and kept in good condition, and to cause all dead animals or other nauseous or
r.nwholesome tilings or substances to be buried or removed beyond the limits
of the dii3trict." It is also made his duty "to visit and examine all sick persons
who shall be reported to him as laboring, or supposed to be laboring, under any
yellow or ship fever, small-pox, cholera, or any infectious or pestilential dis-
ease, and, under the advice of the president of the Board of Health, cause all
282
A HISTORY OF THE YKLLCA' FEVEK.
sucli infected persons to be removed to the cholera, small-pox, or other hos-
pitals, or such other safe and proper jjlace as he may think jjroper, or as shall
be directed by the said jDi-esident, not exceeding four miles i'rora said district,
and cause them to be jirovided with suitable nurses and medical attendance, at
their own expense, if they are able to pay for the same, but, if not, then at
tlie expense of the county, as provided in sections 1729 and 1730 of the Code
of Tennessee." This act also declares that no other officer or board within the
said district, except the Board of Health and its proper officers, shall sign,
gi'ant, or deliver any certificate or bill of health. It also confers upon the
Board of ITealth a direct oversight over medicines or poisons, construction of
buildings, ventilation ; over boarding-houses, public halls, assembly rooms,
theaters, jails or jjrisons, water-closets, sinks, privies, vaults, cisterns, and wells;
also over sidewalks, streets and gutters, sewers, drains and pipes, plumbing,
food, unwholesome fruits or vegetables, milk, cheese and butter, hydrants and
the water supply, cattle and horses, slaughtering and slaughter-houses ; also
over dogs, pounds, stables, offensive odors, places, and liquids, and over public
vehicles and street-cars — every thing, in fact, that can nearly or remotely affect
the public health. This ordinance, so all-embracing, can be enforced hj pen-
alties, the penal clause providing, " that every person who knowingly omits
or refuses to comply with, or who resists or willfully violates any of the pro-
visions of this ordinance, or any of the rules, orders, sanitary regulations, or
ordinances established or declared by the Board of Health in carrying out the
provisions of this ordinance, or the execution of any order or special regulation
of the Board of Health, made for that jaurpose, is hereby declared to be guilty
of a misdemeanor, and, on arrest and conviction before the president of the
Board of Fire and Police Commissioners, he shall be fined for each offense in
any sum not less tlian one nor more than fifty dollars, to be collected as other
fines are collected." In addition to this, by Article V of the ordinances it is
made a nuisance —
1. To do, or cause to be done, any of the following acts, and any per-
son convicted thereof shall be fined not less than five nor more than fifty dol-
lars :
2. To build, construct, or keep a slaughter-pen or house within the taxing-
district, or within one-lialf mile thereof.
3. To construct a vault or privy less than fifteen feet deep, or less than four
feet distant from the line of any street or public place, or from the property
of others, without the consent of the owner.
4. To have a vault or privy on the land owned or occupied by one's self,
the contents of which escape therefrom or overflow.
5. To cause, create, or jiermit within the taxing-district, or within one
mile thereof, any nuisance on one's premises ; and each day such nuisance is
permitted to remain shall constitute a separate offense.
6. To throw or put into any street or public place any dead animal, or fail
to remove and bury without the taxing-district limits the carcass of any dead
animal owned by him, her, or them.
7. To throw into the street or other public place any filth or noxious sub-
A HISTOPvY OF THE YELLOW FEVER,
28-3
stance, 01' to permit the saau to flow from one's i^remises into any street or
public place, or on the property of others.
8. To haul dirt through the streets in cart.^ without sufficient tail-boards to
prevent it from fiilling out upon the streets.
9. To throw any water or other substance froin the windows of any house
into the streets or public j^laces, or on the prenn'ses of others.
10. To keep any horses, mules, oxen, or cows within the taxing-district,
and fail to remove without the taxing-district, ut least twice a week, all dung,
iilth, and litter.
T]).e Forty-Fifth Congress, which adjourned -suie die, on the 4th of March of
this year (iy79j, passed an act creating a National Board of Health, which
provides :
1. Tliat there shall be established a National Board of Health, to consist of
seven members, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and
consent of the Senate, not more than one of whom shall be appointed from
any one State, whose compensation, during the tinie when actually engaged in
the performance of their duties under this act, shall be ten dollars per diem
each, and reasonable expenses, and of one medical officer of the Army, one
medical officer of the Navy, one medical officer of the Marine Hospital Serv-
ice, and one officer from the department of justice, to l)e detailed by the sec-
retaries of the several departments and the attorney-general, respectively, and
the officers so detailed shall receive no compensation. Said board shall
meet in Washington within thirty days after the passage of this act, and in
Washington or elsewhere from time to time, upon notice from the president of
the board, who is to be chosen by the members thereof, or upon its own ad-
journments, and shall frame all rules and regulations authorized or required
by this act, and shall make, or cause to be made, such special examinations and
investigations at any place or places within the United States or at foreign
ports, as they may deem best, !o aid in the execution of this act a*id the pro-
motion of its objects.
2. The duties of the National Board of Health shall be to obtain informa-
tion upon all matters aftecting the public health, to advise the several dejiart-
nients of the government, the executives of the several States, and the Com-
missioners of the District of Columbia, on all questions submitted hy them, or
whenever, in the opinion of the board, such advice may tend to the preserva-
tion and improvement of the public health.
3. That the Board of Health, with the assistance of the Acadeni}' of Sci-
ence, which is hereby requested and directed to co-operate with them for that
purpose, shall report to Congress, at its next session, a fidl statement of its trans-
actions, together with a plan for a national j^ublic health organization, which
plan shall be prepared after considtation with the princii)al sanitary organiza-
tions and the sanitarians of the several states of the United States, special atten-
tion being given to the subject of quarantine, both maritime and inland, and
especially as to regulations whicdi should be established between State or local
systems of quarantine and a national quarantine system.
4. The sum of fifty thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be neces-
284
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
sary, is hereby appropriated to pay the salaries and expenses of said board to
carry out the purposes of this act.
Congress has now (May, 1879) under consideration, at the called session of
the Forty-Sixth Congress, a bill introduced by Hon. Casey Young, of the
Tenth District of Tennessee, and which, by the efforts of Senator Harris,
of Tennessee, passed the Senate before the close of the second session of the
Forty-Fifth Congress. It is entitled an act " to prevent' the introduction of
infectious or contagious diseases into the United States, and to establish a
Board of Health." It provides:
1. That it shall be unlawful for any vessel engaged in the transportation of
goods or persons from any foreign port to and into the United States, to enter
any jiort of the United States, except in accordance with the pi-ovisions of this
act, and all rules and regulations made in j^ursuance thereof; and any such
vessel which shall enter, or attempt to enter, a port of the United States in
violation thereof, shall forfeit to the United States a sum, to be awarded in the
disci'ctiou of the court, not exceeding five thousand dollars, which shall be a
lien upon said vessel, to be recovered 'by jjroceediugs in admiralty in the proper
district court of the United States.
2. That all such vessels shall be required to obtain from the consul, vice-consul,
or other consular officer of the United States at the port of departure, or from
the medical officer, where such officer has been detailed by the President fin-
that purpose, a certifi-cate, in duplicate, setting forth the sanitary history of
said vessel, and that it has in all respscts complied with the rules and regula-
tions in such cases prescribed, and herein authorized, for securing the best j^os-
sible sanitary condition of tiie said vessel, its cargo, passengers, and crew ; and
said consular officer is required, before granting such certificate, to be satisfied
that the matters and things therein stated are true ; and for his services in
that behalf shall be entitled to demand and receive such fees as shall by law-
ful regulation be allowed, to be accounted for* as is required in other cases.
That upon the request of the National Board of Health, the President is au-
thorized to detail a medical officer to serve in the office of the consul at a foi'-
eign port for the purpose of making the inspection and giving the certificates
hereinbefore mentioned : Provided, That the number of officers so detailed sliall
not exceed, at any one time, six: Provided further , That any vessel sailing from
any such port without such certificate of said medical officer, entering any jjort
of the United States, shall forfeit to the United States the sum of five hundred
dollars, which shall be a lien on the same, to be recovered by proceedings in
admiralty in the proper district court of the United States.
3. That the National Board of Health shall make all needful rules and regula-
tions authorized by tlie laws of the United States for the prevention of the
introduction and spread within the United States of contagious or infectious
diseases, which shall be uniform and subject to approval by the President, and
shall be charged with the execution of the same, and of the provisions of this
act and all other laws of the United States for the prevention of the intro(Uic-
tion and spread of contagious or infectious diseases, and all quarantine regula-
tions established under the authority of said laws in resj^ect to all vessels and
A HISTORY OF THE VEM.O^v' FEVEU.
285
veliicles engaged in commerce with foreign nations and among tlie respective
States, whether by land or water.
4. That the Board of Health shall also be charged with the duty of obtaining
information of tlie .sanitary condition of foreign ports and places from which
contagious or iiifecti nis diseases are or may be imported into tlie United
States; and to this end the consular officers of the United States, at all ports
and places, shall make to the National Board of Health weekly reports of the
sanitary condition of the ports and places at which they are respectively sta-
tioned, according to such forms as said Board of Health may prescribe ; and
the Board of Health shall also obtain, through all sources accessible, includ-
ing State and municipal health authorities throughout the United States,
Aveekly reports of the sanitary condition of ports and places within the United
States ; and the Board of Health shall pi epare, iiublish, and transmit to the
medical officers of the marine hospital service, to collectors of customs, and to
State and municipal health officers and authorities, weekly abstracts of the
consular sanitary reports, and other pertinent information received by said
board; and said Board of Health shall also, as far as it may be able, by
means of voluntary co-operation of State and municijml authorities, of public
associations and private persons, procure information relating to the climatic
and other conditions affecting the public health ; and the Board of Health
shall make, to the Secretary of the Treasury, an annual report of its opera-
tions, for transmission to Congress, with such recommendations as it may
deem important to the public interests; and said report, if ordered to be pub-
lished by Congress, shall be jiublished under the direction of the board.
5. That the National Board of Health shall, from time to time, issue to the
consular officers of the United States, and to the medical officers serving at
foreign ports, and otherwise make publicly known, the rules -and regulations
made by it and approved by the President, to be used and complied with l^y
vessels in foreign ports, for securing the best jMSsible sanitary condition of such
vessels, their cargoes, passengers, and crew, before their departure for any
port in the United States, and in the course of the voyage ; and also such
other rules and regulations as shall be observed in the inspection of the same
on the arrival thereof at any quarantine station at the port of destination,
and for tlie disinfection and isolation of the same, and the treatment of cargo
and persons on board, so as to prevent the spread of cholera, yellow fever, or
other contagious or infectious diseases; and it shall not be lawful for any vessel
to enter said port to discharge its cargo or land its passengers, except upon a
permit from the health officer at such quarantine station, certifying that said
rules and regulations have in all respects been observed and complied with, as
well on his part as on the part of the said vessel and its master, in respect to
the same, and to its cargo, passengers, and crew ; and the master of every such
vessel shall produce and deliver to the collector of customs at said port of
^ntry, together with the other papers of the vessel, the said certificates re-
quired to be obtained at the port of departure and the permit and certificate
herein required to bo obtained from the health officer at the port of entry.
6. That rules and regulations made and approved as herein authorized shall
28G A inSTOKY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
be pi'oraulgated, so that when cholera, yelloAV fever, and otlier contagious or in-
fectious diseases shall be ascertained by the Board of Health to exist in any
port or place within the United States in such form as threatens its spread,
the communication of the same to other ports and places Avithin other States
by means of vessels and vehicles engaged in the transportation of goods or
passengers between two or more States shall, as far as practicable, be i)ie-
vented ; and in that case the Board of Health shall select suitable localities
for establishing stations on rivers and other lines of inter-State commerce and
travel by railroads, and may cause to be erected necessary tenijiorary buildings
for the disinfection of passengers, baggage, cargoes, vessels, and vehicles, and
may enforce such rules and regulations relating thereto as may have been
prescribed therefor.
7. That it shall be the duty of the National Board of Health, so for as it law-
fully may, in the execution of the powers conferred upon it by law, to invite
the co-operation of, and to correspond and co-operate with, local sanitary offi-
cei-a, boards, and authorities acting under the laws of the States in sanitary
measures, to prevent the introduction and spread of contagious and infectious
diseases from foreign countries into the United States, and from one State into
any other State, by means of commercial intercourse, upon and along the lines
of inter-State trade and travel ; and to that end it shall be lawful for said
Board of Health to confer upon any such local officer or board within or near
the locality where his or its authority is exercised power also to enforce the
provisions of this act, and all rules and regulations made in pursuance thereof.
And in case such local officer or board shall refuse to execute and enforce the
laws of the United States, and the rules and regulations of the National Board
of Health, made in pursuance thereof, for the inspection, disinfection, and
treatment of vehicles and vessels, their cargoes, passengers, and crews, or, in
the opinion of the National Board of Health, shall neglect or fail to do so, it
shall be tiie duty of the President, upon the application of the National Board
of Health, to detail from the medical staff of the Army or Navy or the ma-
rine hospital service a suitable officer to execute or enforce said laws, rules,
and regulations, or to appoint some suitable person for that j^urpose. (And
it shall bo the duty of the Natiouid Board of Health to report the facts to the
governor of such State, with such sanitary advice as the board may think
proper in the premises.)
8. That to pay the necessary expenses of placing vessels in projier sanitary
condition under the provisions of this act, the Secretary of the Treasury be,
and he hereby is, authorized and required to make the necessary rules and
regulations, fixing the amount of fees to be paid by vessels for such service,
and the manner of collecting the same.
9. Tliat tiie National Board of Health is hereby directed to make, or cause to
be made, an investigation into the contagious or infectious diseases of domestic
animals in the United States, and especially such as tend to interfere with the
supply of wholesome food, and into the best means of controlling or jirevent-
iug such diseases, and to report the result of its investigations at the next
session of Congress.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
287
10. That the National Board of Healtli is also directed to cause a thorough
inspection to be made of all animals arriving at, or exported from, the different
shipping ports of the United States, and to cause the owners or shippers of
such cattle to be promptly notified of the results of such inspections, with
such recommendations as may be proper in each case. It sliall also notify
State and local sanitary authorities of the existence of such diseases of domestic
animals as it deems proper to bring to their notice, with such recommendations
as may be deemed expedient in each case.
11. That the President is autliorized, when requested by the National Board
of Health, to detail officers from the several departments of the government for
temporary duty, to act under the direction of said board, to carry out the
provisions of this act; and such officers shall receive no additional compensa-
tion except for actual and necessary expenses incurred in the j^erformance of
such duties.
12. That to meet the expenses to be incurred in carrying out the provisions
of this act, the sum of six hundred and fifty thousand dollars is hereby appropri-
ated, to be disbursed under the direction of the National Board of Health,
which shall make to the Secretary of the Treasury a full and accurate report
of its operations under this act, and of all expenditures connected therewith,
to be by him reported to Congress.
13. That nothing in this act shall be so construed as to supersede or impair
any sanitary or quarantine law of any State.
II.
The question of yellow fever quarantine is a very vexed one. Many of the
best physicians, those most searching in their investigations, most studious and
scholarly, of the largest experience and most enlightened views, have opposed
it. In support of their position they adduce very strong arguments, fortified
by undeniable facts. Some of these the reader is already acquainted with.
They are to be found in the origin and prevalence of the disease, in epidemic
form, at interior points remote from, and having no communication with, sea ports
to which the yellow fever might be brought in ships ; its origin iu New Orleans
and other places, as attested by commissions organized to investigate for the
fact of its origin, and by reputable and able physicians who could have no ob-
ject in a purposed misrepresentation, that, in view of possible after results, would
be criminally cruel ; in the admission by the homeopathic as well as allopathic
commissions of 1878, of the possibility of the germs being perpetuated through
the winter months, to break forth so soon as the intense heats of summer come
to recuperate them, and enable them to breed and multiply ; in the general
admission that the filth of cities is a necessary factor in its propagation, and
that, without a system of thorough sanitation, no city can claim exemption fvcm
it ; in the fact that frost has not always killed it, and that cases of fjver iiave
ly
288
A HISTOUY OF THE VELI.OW FEVER.
oviginiited and proven fatal in the coldest months of winter several weeks after
ice has formed, and the thermometer has been many degrees below the freezing-
point; in the fact that it runs its course within ninety days regardless of con-
ditions, whether of weatlier, sanitation, or population ; that its degrees of latitude
are as far apart as the European settlements on this continent and that of
South America; and that it is no respecter of nationalities, of color, of sex,
of age, of acclimated or unacclimated persons,* of high or low lands, mount-
ains or swamps; that it is unknown as to its cause; that science has not dis-
covered either a preventive or a cure for it, and the best medical skill can only
mitigate and not prevent its cruelties, can only assist to arrest its progress short
of decimation. No question has been more ably argued, more vehemently opposed
or defended. "At the beginning of the present century," says Dowler, "and
for some j'ears after, the yellow fever element was so mingled with the great
concerns of humanity, that it excited the public mind to an unexampled de-
gree ; in the cabinet and in the field, in the legislative halls and in the medical
schools, both at home and abroad, and in the colonial governments. It had
long been the conqueror of armies and navies, and at one time it threatened to
desolate the peninsula of Europe. Its contagiousness was a leading topic, on
which reports, pamphlets, and books Avent forth raging like the epidemic itself.
Neutrality was scarcely possible in a matter so deeply involving the interests,
passions, and transactions of humanity. Opinions founded on mere hypothesis
concerning the cause of this malady, Avhich remains to this day unknown, were
not for that reason less, but even more, positive and dogmatic. Affidavits
and affronts, certificates and satires, logic and duels, personal contagion and per-
•sonal invective, bad air and worse legislation, divided the professional and non-
professional public on this subject. The non-contagionists, however, greatly
outnumbered their opponents. They, for the most part, controlled the legisla-
tion of the States of the Union by their efforts or their arguments. But no
sooner Avere they off their guard than the contagionists appealed to tlie fears of
the people, and urged the legislature to do something for the protection of the
2)eople by making laws against the importation of yellow fever, whereupon new
■*Dr. Francis, of New York, on tlie contrary, upon the authority of Judge Andrews, Mr.
Delespine, and Colonel Forbes, saystliat tlie yellow fever which devastated St. Augustine,
in Florida, chiefly during the month of October, 1821, "did not affect a single individual
from the West Indies, nor a native of the country, nor any one who had previously suf-
fered fiom yellow fever.* Forty or fifty deaths occurred among newly arrived iuiniigrants
ibefore the alarm became general. Eleven deaths happened in one day. About 200 were
■exposed to the influence of the disease. Of this aggregate 140 were attacked, of which 132
■died, including three blacks. Forty deaths took place in the garrison, in a body of 120 sol-
diers." The official army report asserts that this epidemic was '' entirely confined to stran-
gers, that is, all persons not inured to the atmosphere of the city by nativity or a residence
■of a long series of years. Spaniards or natives resident in the country, who had the temerity
to venture into the city during its prevalence, were liable to its attack, though in a milder
■degree than immigrants."
*A11 which has been disproved by siibsrquent experiences, notably those in Memphis in 1873 and 1878,
when the fever proved itself no respecter of persons, sparing neitlier age, sex. color, the acclimated, the
nnacclimated, the sober, the dr-jnlcard, the chaste or the unchaste, Ih? sinner or the saint.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
289
laws were often enacted with no effect in this l)ehalf. The anti-contagionists,
like Sicyphns, must roll the stones perpetually — then, now, evermore. Con-
tagionists have, during this, as well as during all former epidemics, collected
facts to prove their theory. A peddler, from an infected district, arrives in a
town, his pack is opened, he, the family, and many of the villagers die
of yellow fever. Exactly the same occurrence (a mere coincidence) takes
place a hundred times, where there has been no peddler, no box of goods
opened, no travelers from an infected district. In ctne town, a crate of crocks,
from New Orleans, is said to have been the means of transmitting contagion to
the village, but at the very time nearly all tlie other towns, for 500 niiles
around, were falling under the malign influence of the epidemic. It would be
most extraordinary if crates, boxes, passengers, and pestilence should never
happen to get together — not as causes and effect, but as coincidence, necessary
iu the ordinary course of business. If the pestilence got into town before the
arrival of a bale of goods, the former did not cause the arrival of the latter.
If the man who opens the goods dies of black vomit, together with all Ins
family, a hundred other families take the disease without any such apjiarent
exposure, and die in like manner. A jolanter fences up his ground and se-
cludes himself, family, and slaves, and all escape ; another does the same thing
and all are attacked. The great majority of the learned, in Europe, attribute
the black plague to the conjunction of Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars, on the 24th
of March, 1345 ; just as many now attribute the late epidemic (1853) to events
that happen to coincide in time and place. Those not irrevocably wedded to
contagion, might find it useful to study tlie events which have passed before
their eyes within the last seven years. Tlie last Mexican war furnishes the
most complete refutation of the contagiousness of yellow fever, in the absence
of quarantine, so far as negative evidence can go. If the United States gov-
ernment had tried to devise an experiment, on a vast scale, to a-certain whether
the yellow fever could be propagated by ships and armies, it could not have
achieved its purpose more effectually. In 1846, 1847, and 1848, this malady
existed in Tampico and Vera Cruz, and was very severe iu New Orleans in
1847. The troops and material of the army, leaving New Orleans for Vera
Cruz, and Vera Cruz for the interior of Mexico, did not suffer themselves from
yellow fever, nor spread contagion tlirougli the towns and country. In 1848,
thousands of the returning soldiers passed through Vera Cruz, in June, where
yellow fever existed, and, on reaching New Orleans, in July and August, a few
died, out of 15,000 who remained in tlie city and its environs some time, Avitli-
out comnmnicating any disease to the city, hy means of their goods, army ma-
terials, and selves. Thousands thus, witliout having l)een quarantined, re-
mained in the city for a time, and quitted it for their homes, in other towns
and places, without having communicated the disease to any one.* After the
*Tlie .Jamaica report, drawn up hy some of tlie ablest medical men England lias pro-
duced, and by very able civilians wlio knew what they were talking about, says: " Epideni-
icsof fever in this island are often confined to certain disti icts, showing that the local causes
are then and there in one force. Thus, at tiiis very time severe fevers are prevalent at
290
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOAV FEVER.
reduction of Vera Cruz, yellow fever appeared, and many invalids and sick
jiersons were sent to New Orleans and otlier places for treatment, in the trans-
ports which carried out the troops, yet they did not propagate the disease any-
Avhere. Thus at least fifty thousand experiments made in Tampico, Vera
Cruz, and New Orleans, not to name other places, produced no personal
or other kind of contagion, though in both the first named places yellow
fever prevailed moderately among residents not acclimated. The Board of
Health of New Orleans, in an oflScial document, announced for the month
beginning with the 26th of November, 1853, that 6,707 passengers from
foreign port?, chiefly emigrants, had arrived at our wharves in forty-
seven sea-going vessels, by the river route. Now, if we add the num-
St. Thomas in the east and St. Tlionias in the vale, places wide apart and unconnected;
at other times tlie cause is more general, and it rages over the whole; niontlis and years
sometimes pass without the disease occuri ing, either in a sporadic or epidemic form, and
then suddenly it bursts out with all its force. These fevers are common to all classes ;
some, however, deny that the black race can suffer from yellow fever; instances, however,
do occur, though rarely. The prevalent opinion that one attack of yellow fever defends
the person from another is decidedly fallacious." In another part of the report the
Board of Health of .Jamaica say: " Not one single epidemic witnessed by the health offi-
cers there could be attributed to importation." . . . " Yellow fever patients constantly
an ive at Kingston, and for the last twenty-five years have never been put into quaran-
tine." At Gibraltar, in 1S28, great numbers of the British troops were attacked who
could not possibly have come in contact with any infected individual. Of 282 women
and cliildren of the 12th regiment, who were not allowed to enter the fortress, but re-
mained in the camp, not one had the fever, thongli several of them slept in the same
beds with their husbands laboring under the epidemic (which they had caught while on
duty in the fortress), and continued, with their children, to use the same bedding after
their husbands were removed into tlie hospital." M. Amiel says: " Where the wife in the
same bed came in contact with the patient, scorched by febrile heat, or bedewed with co-
pious perspiration, when she inhaled, under the same tent, the effluvia of his breath, how
could the air sufficiently interpose to prevent the process of contagion and its fatal con-
sequences?" In 1804, while yellow fever was devastating Leghorn, 6,000 persons left
Leghorn for Pisa. The French army moved at the same time to the same place, taking
with them 180 men with the disease ; yet there was no propagation of the disease at Pisa.
Dr. Blair, one of the latest and one of the ablest writers on yellow fever, says of British
Guiana: " There was no difference of opinion to excite discussion here, for there was not
a single person, professional or non-professional, in tlie length and breadth of the colony,
who, in 1838, after the first alarm had subsided, had the least suspicion of contagion in
our yellow fever. During the epidemic the yellow fever eases, in their worst form, were
never separated from other patients in our hospital wards. Such a thing was not deemed
necessary and never thought of. They were classified with acute diseases. Our'hospital
nurses never got infected, although in the closest connection with the sick, and often
smeared with their ejections ; and these nurses were chiefly German and Portuguese im-
migrants." Dr. Bell, of Louisville, a distinguished physician and a recognized authority
in all that relates to theyellow fever, reinforces the above evidence by hisown experience.
He says: "I have seen and attended in this city some of the severest forms of 3'ellow
fever that have been described in the tropics. I have walked through the quarantine
grounds at Staten Island and conversed with the yellow fever patients ; I was in the yel-
low fever haunts below Brooklyn Heights in 1856; I was in the yellow fever district of
Philadelphia while the fever was prevailing there,and I neverhad the least fear of catch-
ing it."
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
291
ber which had previously arrived to the miniber which has since ar-
rived from sea, the aggregate will scarcely fall below 10,000, while by other
routes, chiefly by the river, the emigrants, absentees, and other nnacclimatfd
persons (as the steamboat population coming to the city in September, October,
November, and December), 40,000 may be added, making 50,000 living ex-
periments against 2^)ssible contagion — 50,000 exposures to all the possible
sources of contagion — the houses, goods, etc., of persons recently dead, in-
cluding emanations from the sick and dying, during the decline of the epidemic,
and during tlie whole of this period, all proving harmless. If the yellow fever
be contagious or transixirtable, why ha.s it not been carried beyond the tro2>ic
of Capricorn during centuries of active intercommunication ? Why diil it
apjiear only north of the equator, with two or three exceptions, ahvaj's near
the line, until 1850, when it traveled tor the first time to Rio Janeiro, which,
however, is within the tropic? Such vast, yet significant, experiments quite
overthrow those few cases where the opening of a box or a bale of goods is
followed by yellow fever — mere coincidents, not causes. There is not the least
reason to think that the world, combined for the pur2)ose, could create an epi-
demic yellow fever, or even a single case, in any city, street, or house upon
the globe. The enlightened governments of Europe, whose intertro^Dical pos-
sessions enable them to judge from large exjierimental intercourse, have not
only gradually lost confidence in quarantine as a preventive of yellow fever,
but they oppose it as altogether uiischievous — at least such is the case in Great
Britain. Quarantine in our own c(Hintry is nominal, illusory, and never comes
np to the theory of real quarantinists. The deception is, therefore, less mis-
chievous than an honest enforcement would be. Tiie provisional assumptions
of contagion, seclusion, and quarantine in yellow fever, once altogether projter
and wise, anterior to experimental tests, are now no longer such. In the hour
of despair and ignorance, the theory that the building of a large city in a
country where earthquakes and volcanoes prevailed, would prevent them, might
be tolerated until after a fair trial. But, if experience prove that earthquakes
continue as before, the building of cities for this purpose should not continue.
If faith Ls but proved by works, the contagiousness of yellow fever in New
Orleans fiills to the ground, because, in practice, it is disregarded botli by the
acclimated and the unacclimated, inasmuch as doctors, nurses, and neighbors
visit the sick in the freest and most fearless way, and with equal impunity
with those who keep at a distance from the sick.* Exjierlence shows, both in
'■'A New Orleans correspomleiit of the New York Times, who wrote intelligently, nnd
like a man of experience, in one of his letters asked : " Is there any danger in visiting
the sick-room?" And he answers, " 1 do not believe there is, other than that the close
air of the room is prejudicial, and may derange the system, in slight degree. This is my
own view, based upon the fact that there arc Ivundreds of unacclimated persons in this
city who are attendant upon the side, and who exhibit no more tendency to contract the
disease than do those who avoid even the passing of an infected house wlien practicable.
In fact, yellow fever seems to be caused by a nioibid principle entirely different in its
characteristics than any whicii excite or produce other epidemic diseases. Every day ex-
perience here showji that it can not be communicated from person to person, but that it is
292 A HISTORY OF THE YELI.OW FEVER.
hospital aud private practice, that proximity to the sick does not enhance the
danger to one living in tlie " infected district." In the rural districts, and
in the towns where fear was great and experimental knowledge of the fever
little, the people adopted a difierent line of conduct — the principle of seclusion
and non-interc jurse. The traveler, denied the hospitalities of the house be-
cause he had merely passed through an "infected district" or village, wan-
dered along the road, seeking shelter in vain for the night. Towns suffered for
want of provisions, because their rural neighbors feared to approach the sick.
Sometimes depots were established near these self-beleaguered towns, where the
sick and their attendants and families went for supplies, and thereby escaped
starvation. The artillery placed at the landings and wharves, threatened
to send grape and caunister shot into boats and vessels that dared to
approach from infected districts.* Individuals as well as towns can-ied
out the principle of seclusion, and were alike unsuccessful. Although
the quarantine party is, to a great extent, composed of men of the highest
integrity, talent, patriotism, and disinterestedness, yet it is feared that some
who profess quarantine loudest are, at heart, infidels; if they are sincere
they are not consistent. By what code of morality can they justify them-
selves in dispensing with quarantine in any case like the following example,
taken from the Daily Delta, of September 13th, 1853? Captain Baxter's state-
ment, as given by the editor : " Captain Baxter left here (New Orleans) with
the Cherokee, on the 12th of August last, when the epidemic was at its height,
with 169 passengers, the majority of whom were unacclimated, and liable to
the yellow fever. During the voyage, there Mere ten of the crew down with
the fever, and on the arrival of the Cherokee in New York, there being two
still sick, they were ordered into the hospital, where one of them died; the
other recovered." Were the crew and passengers (without mentioning the ship
and cargo) kept forty days in the lazaretto undergoing fumigation? Not at
all. Captain Baxter adds: "They were all permitted to land in New York,
after eighteen hours, and the sick }nembei"s of the crew were alone compelled
strictly iiuHvidiial in its attack." Ami Dr. Westmoreland, of Atlanta, Georgia, sconts
the idea of contagion, and sustains his position by his own })ersonai experience in 1878.
He says: "I nursed the case of youns; Brand, in Atlanta. I felt that if yellow fever was
contagious, after all I had said — if I had actually been deceiving the people — that I de-
served to catch it, and ought to die. I therefore determined to give it a full trial. I
staid in the room with my patient all day. I even slept in the room with him all night,
with the black vomit all around me, and the room thoroughly impregnated. I unpacked
his clotlies, and handled them fi-eely; I touched the patient, nursed him, and waited on
him, till he was dead. I had two nurses who went through the same ordeal with me,
and they both came out unscathed. Dr. Johnson went through even worse than that. He
was witii us all the time, and held the patient's head while lie was vomiting. He is now in
perfect health. If there is any thing that is absolutely demonstrated, it is that yellow
fever is not contagious."
* Exactly as in 1878, when panic prevailed from New Orleans to Chicago, by river
and railroad, and from the Mississippi as far as Knoxville, in the monntains. And
many, indeed most of the towns so quarantining escaped the fever, the people being
thus conilrmed in their faith in quarantine as their only safeguard against the pest.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
203
to go into hos]iital detention. Such a quarantine is but a kaleidoscopic illu-
sion. If the New York authorities entertained the belief that yellow fever is
contagious, they would not, in this strongest possible case of importation, have
willfully exposed the lives of half a million of people, unless they are worse
than pirates themselves.* Their acts, more than their words, show that they
have no belief in ciuarantine as a preventive of yellow lever. The same infi-
delity is obvious in the actions of the few contagionists in New Oi'leans. They
no more avoid yellow fever patients than they do rheumatic patients, or char-
ity. They aj-e better than their doctrine." Continuing his logical disquisition
on the cruelty to persons, the cost to commei-ce, and the injury quarantine
inflicts upon those who are the prey of it. Dr. Dowler says: "If New Orleans
contagionists succeed in getting the city and State governments to establish the
contagiousness of yellow fever, by a special act, let the same act forbid the ex-
portation of cotton, even to our enemies in time of war. In time of peace, it
would be more unjust to send infected cotton to the sulijects of her Bi-itannic
Majesty, or to the subjects of the Emperor of the French. It would be still
more criminal to export cotton and contagion to Philadelphia, New York, Bos-
ton, and other cities, as a retuni for their opulent donations to yellow fever suf-
ferers during the late epidemic. f It may be said that a contagionist, how sin-
cere soever he may be, is not bound to care for Ids neighbors' interests and
health, but honesty requires him to care for both. It is doubtful whether the
English Minister was strictly moral when he dcclaj-ed tliat he ' cared fur Eng-
land and English interests alone.' The same dubiety hangs over Commodore
Bainbridge's toast, ' My country, if right, but my country, right or wrong.'
If yellow fever be contagious and transportable, quarantine ought to be en-
forced by grape and cannister, gibbets, and fines, though commerce should per-
ish altogether. If quarantine is to reign in New Orleans, let it be as rigid as
in the Levant, for no Eastern mummery can be more absurd than that prac-
ticed at the quarantine stations of the United States at the present time. The
strictness of the East has both consistency and reason in its fixvor (admitting
the doctrine of contagion), which can not be urged in favor of the West. A
doctor of some Atlantic city of the Union goes on board of a ship from New
Orleans — the plague-stricken city — he looks at the cotton bales, and the pas-
sengers, and he straightway ignores his own theory, his oath, and the law ; for
in a few minutes or hours after the vessel is admitted, no one being able to
*Tlie authorities of New York now enforce a rigid quarantine. In 1878, every case
of" yellow fever that found its way to that city was at once sent to the quarantine iios-
pital for treatment; and that is the declared policy for the future, not only of New York,
but of every other city in the Union.
t During and after the epidemic of 1878, persons residinp: in cities competing with
Memphis for trade in Arkansas, Mississippi, as well as West Tennessee, made no scruple
of declaring their belief in the contagion theory, so far as the diy goods, woollen goods,
furniture, and even certain kinds of groceries, that Mem|)his offered for sale, were con-
cerned, but when it came to their receiving either bales of cotton or wool from, or pass-
ing tiirough,' Memphis or othei- infected points, they closed their ears to the contagion
theory, and not only willingly bacunie the agents for the sale of such cotton or wool, but
eagerly solicited the sale of it.
294
A HISTORY OF THE YEI^LOW FEVER.
know how he could possibly have ascertained, by a look, whether contagion
was or was not in the vessel. If yellow fever quarantine be well founded, such
conduct is murder by the thousand. If the laws of the land and of nature
have establislied the fact of the imjiortability of yellow fever, by means of
persons and merchandise, and i-f quarantine be necessary to prevent this im-
portation, then quarantine can never be dispensed with by a look or a whim;
that is, the laws of nature can not be changed in this way. If importation be
the antecedent of yellow fever in New Orleans, let quarantine against it be not
only strict, but eternal. If the act of the Legislature of Louisiana, in the
winter of 1817, establishing a code of quarantine laws was wise, the re-
peal of those laws in 1818 was foolish. But it may be said that these
laws had failed to prevent an epidemic during the summer of 1817. True,
but why has the same course been pursued since, and why pursue it again,
as is intended now ? The experiment has been often repeated in various
countries, and with like results — results mischievous, demoralizing, repulsive
to humanity, and tending to increase the mortality of yellow fever during an
epidemic. If the people of New Orleans could be brought to believe in the
contagiousness* of tiiis disease, benevolent as they are known to be, the rich
would be secluded ; intercourse would be so restricted that many would
perish from neglect." This testimony against yellow fever quarantine by
Dr. Dowler, fortifies Dr. Dupuy De Chambrey, of New Orleans, who, in his
historical sketch of yellow fever, as it appeared in that city in 1819, says;
■*" Contagion in its most literal and restricted sense" is defined by Dowler to "im-
ply the actual contact of a well person with a dead, or sick person, or his apparel, by
which a specific poison is transmitted from one to tlie other, reproducing a similar dis-
ease, as in small-pox, cow-pox, itch, etc. In a more enlarged sense this term includes
invisible emanations from the sick, consisting of specific poison, doubtless dissolved or
suspended in the air, and capable of reproducing a similar disease in any indefinite
number of persons who come near the patient, of which small-pox agaiu afibrds the
most complete typical illustration. Here the fundamental idea of contact is, perhaps,
real, though unseen. Another type or criterion of contagion is this: it can not act except
within a very circumscribed space, in any season, latitude or climate; it may be limited
by isolation from, or non-intercourse with, the healthy ; its extension probably might
reach from pole to pole, if all could be brought in proximity witli a single sick individ-
ual, although the emanations from his body, at a few feet from the same, mixing with
the atmospheric ocean, become harmless, not epidemic. The word infection, generally
used as synonymous with the word contagion, has too often played a conspicuous, if not
a satisfactory, role in the vague and inconclusive disputations of yellow fever quarantin-
ists. If the word infection means an emanation of a specific aerial poison from the sick,
giving rise to a similar malady in the well, it must be precisely the same as contagion;
but if it means an impure air arising from an animal or vegetable source, or from both
combined, then it is but another word for miasma, malaria, or bad air. The labored £t-
tempts to explain this word — the bad faith in which it has been used — at one time for
contagion, at another for the bad air of a sick room, a sick city, a vile scent, or palndian
exhalation, go to show that it is a most perfidious word, the shiboletij of dialecticians —
a word pregnant Avith mental reservations. It is tiie limbo of countless pamphlets,
books, and laws upon yellow fever quarantine, the lumber of the last and p?-esent centu-
ries. If infection be used to denote the contamination of the atmosphere of a room, or
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
295
"I formerly believed the yellow fever to be contagions, bnt since I have been
in the midst of it, my numerous practical observations have never been able
to furnish me with a proof of this much dreaded attribute. Indeed the result
has been quite the reverse ; and I am now convinced that the disease is per-
manently fixed to tiie spot, and within the limits of the place which has
created it. Not one case occurred beyond the limits of the city, during its
prevalence in the years 1817 and 1819, that could be traced to the innumera-
ble patients, although daily intercourse was kept up between the people of the
neighboring estates and plantations. A great number of our inhabitants who
carried the seeds of the disorder abi'oad, seeking refuge from the danger at a
distance, suffered an attack of the fever and died, but in no instance was it
comnmnieatad to their friends. Fifty times have I had my hands and foce
besmeared with the putrid blood, ])lack vomit, or foetid, slimy matter of per-
spiration. Fifty times have I been immersed in the effluvia issuing from a
dead or living subject, and never been infected by the disease.* From exten-
sive observations, I infer that the yellow fever of this place is a disease sui
(jenerU, the jtroduct of local causes, and neither contagious nor exportable.
Flight from the infected spot is the only precervative." Governor Villere, of
Louisiana, in 1820, in his message to the legislature, a firm advocate of con-
tagion and for quarantine, says : " All the medical fixculty appear definitely to liave
adopted the opinion that the yellow fever which, during the last year (1819), has
plunged us once moi'eiuto mourning and desolation, is not contagious." But he
argues : " During the mouths of August, September, and October, there has been
almost constantly in the prison of this distressed city a great number of prison-
ers, and not a single one among them has been affected with t!ie disoitler.""]'
Quoting this, Dowler asks: "If the yellow fever were natural to our climate,
how has it happened that among such a number of persons heaped together
in so small a space as the prison of the city, not a single one should have been i
attacked?" Dr. T. H. Bache, of Philadelpiiia, writing in 1820, also furnished
Dowler with non-contagion evidence of a valuable character. He stated that
" the number of cases of yellow fever admitted into the Pennsylvania Hospital
had been twenty-three ; of these fourteen had died, seven recovered, and two
still remain [October 6tli]. These cases were placed in the common wards,
without any attempt to separate them from, or prevent intercourse between
of nn urliaii district or fiiciis, with or without offensive scent, an t inanatinn from vegeto-
aniinal decotnposition, not an emanation of a specific nntnre from a sick man, wiiich in
any climate, season, and latitude produces .similar niala<]y in tlie well, then the word
becomes intelligible. Such coTitamination liowcver, docs not originate a strictly con-
tagious disease, though it may, and often does, aggravate the latter. Seclusion from sick
persons does not insure exemption, while the individual lives in tlie infected district.
The locality, not the person, is dangerous.
« The young man, Louis Daltroof, employed in 1878 by tlic Memphis Howard Associ-
ation to bury their members and employes, faitiifuUy performed that duty, and escaped
the fever, thongli he had as offensive an experience as De Chambrey.
tThe same was true as to the prisoners confined in the Memphis jail in 1873 ; but in
1878 it proved the reverse. The prisoners were attacked; some died, and the rest had
to be removed to a place of safety.
296
A HISTORY OF THE YELI.OW FEVER.
them an.l the other patients, but in no instance hud the disease been com-
municated to the latter!" Dr. Reese, in 1820, in his Medical Gaseife, affords
Dewier additii^nal evidence. He said: "How strange tliat tlie antiquated
fable of contagion* should still haunt the popular creed, and be made the
hobby-horse on which so many flippant political doctors ride into places of
profit, under that silly relic of barbarism known as the 'quarantine regulations, f
which arc as powerless in keejnng out yellow fever from the cities in which it
is generated by local sources of effluvia, as tliey would be in imposing restric-
tions a<i^ainst the waves of Old Ocean rising in her wrath. Even heie, in Phila-
delphia, where a few score of cases have occurred in a district infected by an
old and filtiiy common sewer, we find certain medical savants hunting for its
cause in an old ship, guiltless of all but bilge-water; and this witli an obvious
source of yellow fever under their noses. When will this ghost of contagion
and importation be exorcised?" Dr. Bri(;kell, a practitioner of high repute
in New Orleans, sustains Dowler, and, in a recently written letter to Senator
Lamar, a member of the congressional committee to investigate the origin, causes,
and means of prevention of yellow fever, states that he believes that the fever
has become naturalized in New Orleans, and originates there. He concludes:
1. I have seen and treated the disease — yellow fever — from the epidemic of
1848 to that of 1878, inclusive, and in city and country.
2. I believe that the disease can be, and has been, imported.
3. I believe that the disease is transmissible, arid that it is not — that is, that
when carried from one point to another, it must find the conditions or surround-
ings necessary to its propagation, or it will not spread. Therefore, the disease
has at times been brought to New Orleans, and to other places, and has not
spread. In illustration of this point, I cited the case I carried to Cooper's
Well, in 1853 (not willfully), the case that bought its way through General
Butler's boasted military quarantine, in September, 1862, and the case carried
from Memphis or Shreveport into New York city, by rail, in September, 1873;
as well as cases known to have been carried into New York, by rail, during
the past summer — 1878.
4. Ill view of the foregoing, it is difficult to establish the fact that a given
ship or person sjireads yellow fever. Yet all the probabilities of the ship or
person having done so may be strong, and even satisfactory, to many minds.
5. I believe that it is most probable that yellow fever was originally brought
to New Orleans ; but I also believe that it has long ago become engrafted on
us, and tliat it has appeared here in summers, and will appear again, inde-
pendent of importation from abroad. I am satisfied that I saw the first case
*■ Illnstr;\ting tlie iibsurdity of the doctrine of contagion, Dowler mentions that Carlos,
King of Spain. l)y pmolamation, in 1805, conferred on Don Cabanellas and his two eliildren
an annuity of $1,200, making tlie Don phy.-ician to the royal household, bestowing other
privileges on him, for having slept one night with his children in tlie bed whereon yellow
fever victims iiad died in tlie lazaretto. A niiniber of galley convicts, in chains, who vol-
untarily accompanied the Don for the night, had one year's punishment remitted from
(heir penalties. The party consisted of fifty persons, who suffered no harm. Great was
the astonishment of His Catholic Majesty and his doctors.
A HISTORY OF THE YEIAA>\V FEVEK.
21)7
that appeared here in 1<S67 — the young English servant man of Mr. J. O.
Nixon, living on St. Charles Street, between Julia and Girod, tiie central and
granite-paved portion of our city. The most careful inquiry revealed no con-
nection of this man with any ship, or passengers of a sliij) ; the city was per-
fectly healthy at the time, and I only saw tlie ))atient after the fever had
passed off'. I predicted an epidemic on the strength of the case, and it came
speedily.
The late Dr. Stone, of New Orleans, does not lielieve in the contagion
theory. He also sustains Dowlcr. He said, in his Billevue Hospital
lecture, delivered in 1867, after the epidemic of that year: "If the dis-
ease were contagious once, it woidd always he so, for it is the same dis-
ease in all places. It is a specific disease, and the r-ame person has it
but once. Acclimation is perpetual, but it is very hard to convince the
human understanding of that. There are, iiowever, exceptions to these
rules, as to every rule, and as there is to the rule governing small pox, for in-
stance. I have observed, honestly at least, if not closely, and the nsult of my
observations has led me to believe yellow fever non-contagious. In ]83o I
arrived in New Orleans, and went into the Charity Hospital on duty. The
hospital became full, and as there was great scarcity of help, it became filthy.
The passages (halls) were often filled with bed-sacks covered with excrement
and black vomit, so that a sort of typhoid fever was generated, yet the persons
employed there escaped yellow fever, and I diil not have it myself until late
in the season, after these conditions had been remedied. In 1853, I had an
infirmary in which there Mere 300 cases of yellow fever, treated by ten or
twelve sisters of charity, all of whom were unaccliniated, } et the atmospheric
influence did not prevail where the hospital was situated. In 1847, in 1853, in
1854, and in 1859, my experience had been substantially the same. In 1859,
some forty cases of yellow fever were placed in the Charity Hospital, among a
number of other patients, w ho w ere unaccliniated, and although a larpe number
of the forty died, not a solitary new case occurred in the house. Cases were
constantly occurring of persons who went into infected districts, took the
disease, were taken to uninfected districts, treated and nursed, and yet no one
took the disease from them. In 1856 and 1857, yellow fever of a sevei-e
character ^^revaiied in New Orleans, but was strictly confiued to six squares.
No intercouise with vessels had taken place, and it was evident the diseiise
had originated tiierc. In the country, I made diligent inquiries, with the same
result. It did not spread from person to person. It was quite possible that a
quantity of the poisoned atmosphere miglit be conveyed in the hold of a sliip
to distant places, and that jiersons breathing that atmosphere might have dis-
ease, but they could not impart it to others. Just how much air would suffice
to render the fever portable, it was impossible to ascertain. The question of
its contagiousness is of great importance, and ought to be .settled, both for the
interest of sufferers from the disease, and as a guidance in the matter of quar-
antine. I am perfectly convinced, beyond all doubt or hesitation, that per-
sonally it is not contagions ; I htow that it is vot!"
The late Dr. L. Siianks, a physician long resident in Memphis, and well known
298
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEK.
as one of the ablest members of his profession in the Mississippi Valley, utterly
scouted the tlieory of contagion. Giving his experience of yellow fever up to
1855, he says: "Previous to the late eijidemic [1855], Memphis has been
regarded as being above the yellow fever region in the Mississippi Valley, and
secure against its origin and development ns an epidemic from any cause.
Memphis has heretofore occupied a positicm on the Mississippi River above
the region in which cases of the yellow fever have originated, and though
exempt fi-ora the disease, the citizens, and especially the physicians, have been
familiarized with it, by the number of cases on the boats passing up the river,
when it has prevailed as an epidemic in New Orleans, Natchez, Vicksburg', and
at other places below. The boats coming from the infected places always
landed here, and were freely visited by the citizens and i^hysicians, when either
business or the professional call of the physicuin required it. In this way the
sick passengers upon the boats were not only frequently seen and administered
to, but, when they desired it, were occasionally removed from the boats to the
hotels and boarding-houses in the city, to be better attended to in the way of
nursing and having medical aid. No fear ever existed here of the propagation
of the disease by cases thus brought from the infected boats on the river into
the city; and no instance has occurred in which a single case of the yellow
fever has thus been produced here by contact Avith the sick, the dying, or the
dead from the boats. The non-contagiousness of the disease has not only been
demonstrated here in that way for many years, but it has been still more
largely confirmed by the results at the Memphis Charity Hospital. When the
yellow fever has prevailed as an epidemic in New Orleans, there has always
been cases occurring on the boats after leaving that city, before their arrival at
this port. Many of these cases have been put off at the landing here, and sent
through the city to the hospital, in former years. In 1853, about sixty cases;
in 1854, forty eases; and, in 1855, forty-two cases were thus sent from the boats
to the hospital. Of these cases a large proportion died, as they were sent out
at an advanced period of the attack ; but not a single instance has ever
occurred of a nurse, or other patients, or persons in or about the hospital taking
the yellow fever from these cases." Dr. W. R. Milner, of New Orleans, ■writes
as positively against contagion and quarantine as Dowler. He says: "The
specific action of our common swamp malaria, which produces ordinary chill
and fever, is upon the red corpuscles of the blood. It is attracted to these with
as uniform certainty as the needle to the pole. Tliis fact is known to every
intelligent physician. It is the cause of the antemic condition which univer-
sally follows jjrostrated intermittents; and this destruction of the red blood is
slow or rapid, according to the mildness or severity of the attack. Now I have
observed that tiie same specific destruction of the red-blood corpuscles takes
place not only in intermittents, but in remittents, in pernicious fever, in con-
gestive chills, in purpura hiemorrhagica, in malarial haeniaturia, and in yellow
fever. In 1867 I was called to see a boy, the patient of another doctor, who
had had the yellow fever for some days, and was then slowly bleeding to death
from the gum of a decayed tootli. The red corpuscles had been nearly con-
sumed by the poison, and nothing could stop the hemorrhage; he died. Now,
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
299
if there is a point of specific agreement, uniform, identical, and t\ pical between
yellow fever and all other forms of malarial diseases, are we not forced to tiie
logical conclusion that the specific nature of yellow fever is identical with that
of our common intermittents ? Most assuredly. Then, if it be intrinsically the
same, is it not of the utmost importance to commerce anil to humanity that the
fiict be known and obeyed? Does not the wide-spread panic of the present,
with its train of evils, not to mention the equally damaging efiects of quarantine
of past years, appeal to the common sense of an enlightened people to take this
<|uestion up and compel its solution ? If I have stated a iact, and not nn
hypothesis, as to the specific and typical quality in the behavior of jill of these
diseases, what use of quarantine? Certainly none. Is there any intelligent
observer of malarial diseases who can deny the fict? Why is quinine, the
known specific of common swamp fevers, tlie specific and jirophy lactic of yellow
fever also, if my premise be not true?* Will the advocates of the importation
theory explain ? Nay, they can't. We have two great evils to contend with, one
is natural, and the other is artificial ; one is yellow fever, and the other is quar-
antine. Shall we keep both? Has quarantine ever prevented yellow fever?
Tell me where, and when. Let the next legislature abolish the quarantine
laws, and I tell you, sir, we shall have less yellow lever tiian we have ever had.
Wh}'? Because attention being thus drawn ofi' tVom quarantine as a preven-
tion, the useless expenditures of time and money in that direction will cease,
and time and money will be utilized by concentration upon the only means of
prevention— that of thorough drainage and cleanliness. And the work com-
menced in such good earnast would pay so well that in a few years success
would ]js a demonstrated fact. The fires of enterprise would Imrn out the
poisons of our swamps. A salubrious atmosphere would bless the city and
State, invigorating and purifying the body, mind, and soul of the people; emi-
gration would flow in ; our lands would he taken and cultivated by God's
noblest yeomanry, and soon Louisiana would become the example and the gai'-
den spot of the world."
The position against quarantine, so strongly taken by Dowler, and the l^hy-
sicians quoted to sustain him, was indorsed by the convention of the Boaj-ds
of Health, held in New York on April 27-30, 1859. Early in the session
Prof. A. H. Stevens, M. D., submitted the following resolution:
BeKohed, That in the absence of any evidence establishing the conclusiou
that yellow fever has ever been conveyed hy one person to another, it is the
oiiiniim of this convention that personal (juarantine of cases (jf yellow fever may
be safely abolished.
This resolution elicited discussion by many mend^ers, and some of them the
most profi>nnd students of this disease that had ever met in debate : such were
Drs. R. La Roche and George B. Wood, of Philadelphia; Dis. A. H. Stevens
and John W. Francis, of New York; Drs. John Jeffries and D. H. Storer, of
" Tlie doctor Is unfortiuiate in tliis qnestion, f;ir n? the cxperit'iice of 1878 goes.
Quinine proved then to be any tiling but a spec lie or |irii|ili\ i:;ct!c- for yellow lever. In
most instances it w;.s a positive aggravation of the disease.
300
A TirrroRY of the yellow fever.
Boston; and several younger men, who appeared as living witnesses of modern
epidemics. Finally, Dr. Stevens' resolution was amended by A. N. Bell, M. D. ,
by the addition of a proviso, " that fomites of every kind be rigidly restricted,"
and passed by eighty-five affirmative votes to six negative; two physicians only
voting ill the negative. Before adjournment a committee was appointed to
report at the next convention " specific recommendations of principles and
measures of quarantine, as severally applicable to yellow fever, cholera, typhus
fever, and small-pox, having reference also to the variations which different
localities require." The committee consisted of Drs. A. N. Bell, Elisha Harris,
Wilson Jewell, Isaac A. Nichols, and D. B. Reid. At the fourth annual con-
vention, in Boston, June 14, 1860, this committee reported a " Code of Marine
Hygiene," introduced by the following declarations :
1. Every organized government has the right of protecting itself against the
introduction of infectious discuses, and of putting any country, place, or thing
in quarantine which would introduce infectious diseases; provided, however,
that no sanitary measures shall go so far as to exclude or drive from port a
vessel, whatever be her condition.
2. The only diseases at present known, against the introduction of which
general quarantine regulations should be enforced, are plague, yellow fever,
cholera, small-pox, and typhus fever. As regards plague, the European Con-
gress at Paris had the right to settle the question for the nations there repre-
sented; and inasmuch as they and the other nations of the Eastern Continent
have reason to subject the plague to quarantine restrictions, the States of
America yield implicit obedience to that convention.
3. All quarantine regulations, of any place whatever, should bear with equal
force against the toleration or propagation of disease as against its introduc-
tion ; and authority to prevent the introduction of disease in any place should
be equally applicable against its exportation.
4. All quarantinable diseases are chiefly introduced by the material of com-
merce ; and it is therefore against it that quarantine restrictions should be in-
stituted, and not against the personnel; excepting, however, persons with no
evidence of vaccination, and known to have been exjiosed to small-pox ; such
persons shall be vaccinated as soon as possible, and detained until the vaccina
shall have taken effect ; otherwise they may be detained fourteen days from the
time of the known exposure.
5. The application of quarantine shall be regulated by the official declara-
tion of the constituted sanitary authority at the port of departure where the
malady exists. The cessation of these measures shall be determined by a like
declaration that the malady has ceased after, however, the expiration of a
fixed delay of thirty days for the plague, fifteen days for yellow fever, and ten
days for cholera.
6. It is obligatory on all vessels to have a bill of health ; this shall consist
of two kinds only — a clean bill and a gross bill — the first for the attested ab-
sence of disease, and the second for the attested presence of disease. The bill
shall state the hygienic state of the vessel; and a vessel in a had condition,
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
301
even with a clean bill of health, shall he regarded as a vessel having a gross
bill, and shall be submitted to the same regime.
7. Tlie plague, yellow lever, and cholera being the only malndies that entail
general measures, and i^lnce in quarantine those places whence they proceed,
the restrictions enforced against these diseases shall not be applied to any other
suspected or diseased vessel.
8. Tiie power of applying the general principles of this code, and of acced-
ing to its provisions, is expressly reserved to those nations and governments
who consent to accept the obligations which it imposes ; and all the adminis-
trative measures proceeding from it shall be determined by international sani-
tary regulations, or by a convention of the representatives of the governments
Avhicli have adopted it.
9. This code shall continue in force and vigor among tlie governments
adopting it for five years ; and it shall be the duty of any party wishing to
withdraw from its obsei'vance at the end (jf tliat time to officially declare his
intention six months before the time expires; if there be no such notice the
code shall be regarded as in fn-ce one year longer; and thus it shall continue
year after year with all the governments accepting it, until after due notice six
months before withdrawal. Then follow the provisions in detail: (1) Meas-
ures relating to departure; (2) Sanitar}' measures during the voyage; (3)
Sanitary measures on arrival ; (4) Executive arrangements ; (5) Sanitary
authorities.
This code was accepted by the unanimous vote of the convention, and re-
committed to the committee, with instructitms to secure its adoption by difit'r-
ent governments.
Dr. Dowell, of Galveston, in the chapter on "quarantine" in his "Yellow
Fever," says: "I have stated quarantine, to be etlective, must be complete,
both as to person and goods. But I do not think this either practicable or
possible at the present time in most cities of the United States, as a man may
take the seeds of the disease in Rio Janeiro, South America, and come to Gal-
veston and pass its qu:i ran tine sound and well, and yet have the disease, and
infect the whole city, for I have seen such cases — as the revenue cutter Dela-
ware, at Galveston, in 1867, where four men came to the city, and eighteen
and twenty days afterward these four had the disease, which shows, conclu-
sively, that at least twenty days may intervene before the stage of incubation
is over. So you see one may go almost around the world before he would
have the disease. Hence I contend for quarantine, for cleanliness, and not for
prohibition of ingress and egress, and that we must rely on sanitary means
and sanitary measures almost exclusively for our protection from yellow fever.
All animal filth should be removed — no open privies should be allowed in any
town or city where yellow fever can prevail. All low streets or under-houses
should be filled up. Better do it in summer than not at all ; but best to be
done in winter. For the further discussion of quarantine, we quote from an
address by Prof. J. M. Calloway, M. D., before the Galveston Historical So-
ciety, which was written at my suggestion, and all of which I indorse, except
that part where he says p3rsonal contagion can not take place. This I have
302
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVEK.
fully argued above, and think, if I am wrong, it is at least safest to believe in
it,* and in all cases avoid personal contact with any one after the fever rises
and until the i'ever ceases, and all discharges and clothing have been removed,
and the room well and completely ventilated or frozen ont, and this must be for
at least, seven consecutive days — below zero; as it will be seen, from i-eports,
that persons have returned to the city several weeks after a frost, and slept in
rooms where it has been, and taken the disease and died. No one should re-
turn who leaves, until at least four weeks after the last case, or after
a .seven days' freeze, the thermometer being below zero, centigrade, at least.f
New York was among the first of the States of the Union to establish
quarantine. She suffered four epidemics of the yellow fever before, and
ten since, its establishment, and had an interval of twenty-two j^ears with-
out yellow fever and without quarantine. Philadelphia had quarantine
restrictions during all her e2oideraics. Boston, though the most favored city
on the Atlantic coast, in the United States, regarding )'el]ow fever epidemic?,
has had the most lax quarantine laws of any city of its size. The quarantine
convention of Philadelphia, in 1857, one of the most able and intelligent bodies
ever convened on the American continent, announce the opinion that " yellow
fever can not become epidemic or endemic, unless tliere exists in the com-
munity the circumstances which are calculated to produce such diseases, inde-
pendent of the importation." Dr. Gaillard, of Louisville, Kentucky, is of the
same opinion. In a paper on the yellow fever, published during the epidemic
of 1878, he says : "That New Orleans should, up to a certain time, have been
absolutely free from yellow fever, that a fruit-vessel should land some of her
crew sick with this disease, that the fever should at once spread, that il
* Mr. E. M. Avery, a respectable and reliable citizen of Jlempliis, states, in confirma-
tion of the contagion theory, and as part of his expeiience in 1878, as follows: I was
refugeed for exactly eight weeks, at White Haven, a station on the Mississippi and Ten-
nessee Railroad, just eight miles south of our city. During that time there were three
deaths by yellow fever in my immediate neighborhood — the first was that of Dr. Raines,
who had visited the sick at Camp Joe Williams, Contracted the fever, and died at his
liome, about a mile from White Haven station: the second was the case of young Bolton,
at Camp Burke, located about a quarter of a mile soutii of the station ; he had been ex-
posed to the malaria of the city, and died after a few days' sickness. Tiie third case, and
which proves, most conclusively, the contagious natui'e of the late epidemic, was that of a
young girl by the name of Colhouer,. ten years of ag6, a resident with her parents at the
station, who had not been away from home in many months, who was living in a pure
and healthy atmosphere, but who contracted the disease by sleeping one night v.'ith a
^Irs. Nicholson, whose husband had died of the fever in Memphis, and whom she had
nursed. The little girl died of yellow fever; her mother took the disease the day after
tiie child died, but recovered.
tin opposition to this advice we have the fact that the fever runs its course, and ab-
solutely dies out without the killing effects of frost. This is the case, not only in Rio
Janeiro, Vera Cruz, Havann, Kingston, Jamaica, but in all points in tiie United States.
The fever, in 1878. was declared no longer epidemic in Memphis on the 29th of October,
when the thermometer stof)d at 48.7, falling to 39.0 on the 31st, which was its lowest de-
cline initil December; so tliat there was no heavy black frost, as was declared by some,
and the fever died out in its own good time.
A IIISTOKY OP THE YKLLOW FKVEU.
S03
should infect first those in iinmctliate proximity to it, and subsequently those
ill remote communication with it, is simply a repetition of the old record. A
further addition to the testimony whicli for generations has demonstrated the
fact, clear and indisputable, that yellow fever will exist alwaj's in its well-
known zone ; that it will not oi-iginate out of this zone ; that carried beyond
it, and introduced into foul municipal air — its favorite, if not essential, nidus
— it will spread and decimate ; will }mng ruin and desolation in its train.
Norfolk and Mobile, and Philadelphia and Quebec, and Marshall, Texas, and
St. Louis, and Montgomery, Ala1)ama, and many other places which could be
named, have climates and surroundings in every respect different from each
other, but they have all been desolated by yellow fever, whenever the germs
of the disease have been carried there. The alleged causes of yellow fever are
often active in these cities, but the disease pi'evails only when it is manifestly-
transported there. The great authorities in all civilized lands believe yellow
fever and malarial fevers to be essentially and totally different, while they be-
lieve the yellow fever poison to be essentially transportable, and, therefore,
communicable ; for its communicability is the logical evidence of its trans-
portability. The great writers and teachers warn all of the communicability
of this terrible plague ; and the list is an imposing one — ITosack, Blane,
Wistar, Townsend, Dickson, Hartshorne, George Gregory, Flint, Copland,
Stevens, and J. W. Monette, Pym, Fellows, Audouard, Lining, Ramsay,
Strohel. and a host of distinguished worthies." Hwniseh writes thus: " The dis-
ease has been .carrie<l and has appeared at elevations of 2,000, and even 4,000,
feet above the level of the sea," a f ict attributed by Ha'nisch and Hirsch solely
to the transportability and ccnuinunicability of tlie disease.
Dr. Joseph Holt, of New Orleans, in a paper read before the congressional
commission of 1878, says:
1. I believe that yellow fever is due to a specific poison, the existence of
which is known only as manifested in man. Intangible, imponderable, unrecog-
nizable to any of the senses, we have no positive knowledge of the esseniial
nature of this poison. Every effort to prevent its appearance and to limit its
spread must, therefore, be purely experimental.
2. The virus, if not indigenous, was imported at an early period in tlic his-
tory of New" Orleans, and is ever present with us, I'cquiring only a concui-rence
of certain conditions to call it forth, all of which conditions or factors are not
known.
3. That the climate of New Orleans is sufficiently tropical to call into activity
the virus of yellow fever without importation, and that New Orleans is allied
to the cities of Havana and Vera Cruz in the power of developing the poison
at certain seasons ; which powci-s dejiend upon the fiict that these cities are
within the geographical area of development of this particular contagion. Why
it is not developed at all times in places apparently under the same conditions,
is unknown, because we are not acquainted with all of the essential factois
of its development.
4. To prevail as an epidemic, there must exist certain flivorable conditions.
Such states or condition.s of fitness prevailing, the early importation of the
20
304
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOAV FEVER.
virus will insure an epidemic, the magnitude of wliicli ■u'ill be determined by
the number of persons unacclimated.
6. The specific virus of yellow fever, whether pre-existing as a dormant
germ, or even as a germ at all, requires, among factors of its development, a
certain geographical area of the earth, a long-continued high temperature^ and
the congregation in dense community of a large number of people, as in large
towns and cities.
6. That it is not the simple fact of people living together in large numbers
which furnishes this last factor, but the violation of hygienic law likely to re-
sult from such massing of humanity in the accumulation of their filth.
7. The contagion is readily transplanted through fomites, as in the gar-
ments of the sick, as well as in the recognized methods along the highways
of commerce by ships and other carriers of merchandise. In regard to the
transmission of yellow fever, it is almost impossible to determine the boundary
line, in some instances, betw een infection strictly speaking and contagion.
8. Quarantine established with such vigor as to assure absolute non-intercourse
with infected ports, can fuAiish the only crucial test of its own efficacy. Two
formidable difficulties stand in the way. Evasion, that is, running the block-
ade— a performance at one time so common in the face of the artillery of the
whole United States navy — and the established foct that ships once infected,
and after that subjected to re2:>eated cleansings, and even changing the crews,
years afterward, coming into the yellow fever regions, have developed the dis-
ease, even on the high seas, without having touched at a tropical port.* In
the history of New Orleans, quarantine has failed utterl5" to afford protection
against yellow fever. We can only hoi^e that its value may be discovered in
its thoroughness.
9. The greatest good which may be reasonably exi^ected of quarantine is in
the prevention of the early introduction of the specific poison. Inasmuch as
long-continued heat is required for its spontaneous manifestation, the disease
is likely, therefore, to appear very late in the warm season, at a time when
the cold weather may easily overtake it and prevent epidemic prevalence. That
the specific poison, however, which has given rise to our great epidemics has
invariably been imported, is by no means proven. In regard to some of them
there is abundant evidence to the contrarx'.
10. Another great benefit which may be derived from quarantine, is prob-
ably in the fact that unless New Orleans shows a determined effort to furnish
a guarantee to all inland and coast cities and towns by endeavoring to prevent
the importation of the yellow fever poison, the whole country will be ready,
upon the slightest provocation or idle rumor, to establish a shot-gun quarantine
against New Orleans.
Dr. South wood Smith, of the London Fever Hospital, in a "Treatise on
Fever," published at London, in 1829, in a chapter on the causes of fever,
explains clearly that under known conditions the yellow fever, like other
* As in the case of the United States steamship Fbfmmth, an acconnt of wliich is
given at length on pi5. 97 and 98 of the chronolo<;y of y»-llo\v fever in this book.
A HISTORY OF TKK YELLOW FEVER.
305
fevers, may origiinite f^pontaneouslv in any place, and the immediate or
exciting cause may become the predisposing cause, the fever l)ei!)g tlius
propagated to tlie extent of an epidemic. He says: "The immediate,
«r the exciting cause of fever, is a poison formed by tlie corruption or
the decomposition of organic matter. Vegetalile and animal matter, dur-
ing the process of putrefaction, give oif a principle, or give origin to a
new compound, which, when applied to the human body, produces the phe-
nomena constituting fever. What tliis principle or compound is, whether
it be one of the constituent substances whicli enter into tlie composition of
organized niatter, or whether the pi-imary elements of organized matter, as
they are disengaged in the process of putrefliction, enter ijito some new co!n-
bination, and thus generate a new product, we are wholly ignorant. Of the com-
position of the poison, of the laws which regulate its formation, and of its prop-
erties when generated, we know nothing 1)eyoiid its power to strike the human
being with sickness or death. We know that, under certain circumstances, veg-
etable and animal substances will putrefy ; we knoM' that a poison cajial^le of pro-
ducing fever will result from this putrefactive process, and we know nothing more.
Of the conditions which are ascertained to be essential to the i)utrefactive
process of dead organic substance, whether vegetable or anisnal, those of heat
and moisture are the most certain, and as far as we yet know, the most
powerful. Accordingly, in every situation in which circumstances concur to
l^roduce great moisture, while the heat is maintained i,vith some steadiness
Mithin a certain range, there the feln-ile poison is invariably generated in large
quantity, and in great potency. Wherever generated, we have no means of
ascertaining its existence but by the effects it produces on the human body.
Now and then circumstances arise which illustrate these effects in an exceed-
ingly striking inanner. This is the case when large numbers of men, previously in
a state of sound health, are simultaneously exposed to it. Examples of such oc-
currences, as numerous and as complete as can be desired, were long since recorded.
The suddenness with which fever sometimes attacks individuafs on board
a ship, or even an entire ship's crew, on the apjiroach of the vessel to a shore
where this poison is generated in large quantity, and in a high state of concen-
tration, illustrates its operation, perhaps, in a still more striking manner. Dr.
McCullocb, who has labored with great ability and zeal to recall attention to the
most important and long-foi'gotten subject of malaria, relates an instance of
some men on board a ship, who were seized, while the vessel was five miles
from shore, with fatal cholera, the very instant the land smell first became
perceptible. Several of these men, who were unavoidaldy employed on
deck, died of the disease in a few hours. Tiie armorer of the ship,
who, before he could protect himself from the noxious blast, was accidently
delayed on deck a few minutes to clear an obstruction in the chain cable,
was seized with the malady while in that act, and wa.s dead in a few hours.
Dr. Potter states* that he witnessed the rise of a most malignant yellow
* See a Memoir on Contagion, more especially as it respects the yellow fever, etc., hy
If. Potter, M. D., Baltimore.
306
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
fever, in a valley in Pennsylvania, which contained numerous ponds of fresh
"water, and which, from the heat and dryness of the season, emitted a most
offensive smell ; that the fever prevailed most, and with the greatest degree of
malignity, among the people who lived nearest these ponds ; and adds an ex-
ceedingly instructive case, illustrative of the generation and operation of the
cause of fever, recorded by Major Prior, in his account of a fever which
attacked the army of the United States, at Gallipolis [1796]. The source of the
malady was clearly traced to a large pond near the cantonment. When the dis-
ease was most severe, it assumed the continued form, and was accom2:)anied
Avith yellowness of the skin ; when proper means were taken to destroy the
pond, the fever immediately lost its continued form, and became first remittent,
then intermittent, and ultimately disaj^peared. ' The fever,' says this intelli-
gent officer, ' was, I think, justly cliarged to a large pond near the cantonment.
An attempt had been made two or three years before to fill it up, by felling a
number of large trees that grew on and near its margin, and by covering the
wood thus fallen with earth. This intention had not been fulfilled. In August,
the weather was extremely hot, and uncommonly dr}' ; the water had evapor-
. ated considerably, leaving a great quantity of muddy water, with a thick, slimy
mixture of putrefying vegetables, which emitted a stench almost intolerable.
The inhabitants of the village, principally French, and very poor, as Avell as
filthy in their mode of living, began to suffer first, and died so rapidly, that a
general consternation seized the whole settlement. The garrison continued
healthy for some days, and we began to console ourselves with the hope that
we should escape altogether ; we were, however, soon undeceived, and the reason
of our exemption heretofore was soon discovered. The wind had blown the air
arising from the pond from the camp; but as soon as it shifted to the reverse
point, the soldiers began to sicken; in five days, half the garrison were on the
sick list, and in ten, half of them were dead. They were generally seized with
a chill, followed by headache, pains in the back and limbs, red eyes, constant
sickness at stomach, or vomiting, and generally, just before death, Avith a vomit-
ing of matter like coffee-grounds. They were often yellow before, but almost
always after death. The sick died generally on the seventh, ninth, and eleventh
days, though sometimes on the fifth, and on the third. As some decisive meas-
ures became necessary to save the remainder of the troops, I first thought of
changing my quarters, but as the station Avas in every respect more eligible
than any other, and had been made so by much labor and expense, I deter-
mined to try the experiment of changing the condition of the pond, from
Avhich the disease was believed to have arisen. A ditch Avas accordingly cut ;
Avhat little water remained Avas conveyed off, and the Avhole surface covered
Avith fresh earth. The effects of this scheme Avere soon obvious. Not a man
Avas seized with the Avorst form of the fever after the Avork was finished, and the
sick were not a little benefited, for they generally recoA'ered, though slowly,
because the fever became a common remitent, or gradually assumed the inter-
mitting fi)rm. A few cases of remitting and intermitting fever occurred oc-
casionally, till frost put an end to it in every form. As soon as the contents of
the pond Avere changed, by cutting the ditch, the cause, Avhatever it Avas, seems
A HISTORY O:^ THE YELLOW FEVER.
307
to have been rendered incapable of communicating the disease in its wor.st form.
Dr. Potter further states that, on one occasion, he saw a lady, who had
been confined three days only, and whom he found in the agonies of death,
with the skin of a deep orange color, the eyes red and prominent, the pulse in-
termittent, and ejecting copiously from the stomach every eight or ten minutes
the secretion now known by the name of the black vomit; that she expired in a
convulsion while he sat at her side; that petechiie appeared immediately after
deatli, and that p.utrefaction succeeded so rapidly, that it was necessary to order
immediate interment; tliat, shortly afterward, he was called to a gentleman,
who had heen ill five days, and who, having expired in an hour or two after his
visit, was removed into the coffin with the utmost difficulty, the flesh literally
dropping from the bones ; that, in one family, residing in a house which stood
on a level piece of ground, apparently beyond the reach of noxious exhalation,
there being no stagnant water, as was sujjposed, within a mile of it, he found
the mother laboring under a bilious remitting fever, which had continued eleven
days, the daughter, seventeen years of age, sufiering from a similar fever ; two
sons, the one between eight and nine, and the other six, ill with dysentery ; and
the father on the brink of the grave from a most malignant fever. There be-
ing no appai'ent cause for the condition of this afflicted family, the immediate
neighborhood of the house being free frojn the ordinary sources of malaria, and
the adjacent country being not unhealthy, the condition of the house itself was
minutely investigated. The cause of the evil was manifest. It ajipeared that the
present family had resided in the house only about five weeks; that immediately
preceding their occupation of it a man had died suddenly in it; that he, him-
self (Dr. Potter), was seized with nausea and general lassitude immediately on
leaving the house after his first visit; and tliat a fever, as he supposes, was ar-
rested by a strong dose of tartarized antimony, which operated violently by
vomiting and purging. On examining the premises, it was found that the
cellar contained water about two feet deep, which had remained there from
the first week in June, the country having been then inundated by torrents
of rain. The cellar being useless, the door had been closed, and the only vent
for the pestiferous gases M'as through the floor, which was open in several
places. The family being immediately removed, all the sick became convales-
cent from the time they ceased to breathe the air of the place. The owner
of tiie house hired two men to empty the cellar. These men having ripped up
the floor, and p]a(XH:l a pump in the deej^est part of the watei-, evacuated the
cellar to the dregs in one day. On the second day after the execution of this
task one of these nven was seized with a dullness, succeeded by an ardent
fever, which terminated with the usual symptoms of yellow fever ; namely,
hteraorrhages, yellow skin and peteehire, and proved fatal on the third day
from the attack ; the day folhjwing the seizure of the first, the second man was
attacked with similar symptoms, and died <>n tlie seventh day of the disease,
with the l)]ack vomit, in addition to tlie ordinary symptoms of the yellow fever.
These examples may suffice to illustrate the o'leration of that febrile poi-
son which arises cliiefly from the decomposition of vegetable matter. The poi-
son derived from the putrefaction of animal matter is still more pernicious;
308
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
its effects are more powerful in degree, and Avorse in character ; it operates
more intensely on the nervous system, and less on the vascular ; and the
fevers it produces are invariably of the typhoid type, and of the continued form.
Without doubt, a febrile poison, purely of animal origin, in a high degree
of concentration, would kill instantaneously ; and when not intense enough
to strike with mstantaneous death, it would produce a continued fever
with the typhoid characters, in the greatest possible degree of complete-
ness and perfection. And this appears to afibrd the true solution of
the origin of the plague. The more closely the localities are examined
of every situation in which the plague prevails, the more abundant the
sources of putrefying animal matter will appear, and the more manifest it will
become, not only that such matter must be present, but that it must abound.
In assigning the reason why Grand Cairo, in Egypt, is [was] the birth-place
and the cradle of the plague, Mead states that that city is crowded with vast
numbers of inhabitants, who live not only poorly, but nastily ; that the streets
are narrow and close; that the city itself is situated in a sandy plain, at the
foot of a mountain, which keejis off the winds that might refresh the air; that
consequently the heat is rendered extremely stifling ; that a great canal passes
through the midst of the city, which, at the overflowing of the Nile, is filled
with water ; that on the decrease of the river, this canal is gradually dried ujj,
and the people throw into it all manner of filth, carrion, offal, and so on ; that
the stench which arises from this, and the mud together, is intolerably offen-
sive; and that, from this source, the plague constantly springing up every year,
preys upon the inhabitants, and is stopped only by the return of the Nile, the
overflowing of which washes away this load of filth ; that in Ethiopia the
swarms of locusts are so prodigious that they sometimes cause a famine,
by devouring the fruits of the earth, and when they die create a i>estilence by
the putrefaction of their bodies ; that this putrefaction is greatly increased by
the dampness of the climate, which, during the sultry heats of July and August,
is often excessive ; that the effluvia which arise from this immense quantity
of putrefying animal substance, combined with so much heat and moisture,
continually generate the plague in its intensest foi-m ; and that the Egyptians of
old were so sensible how much the putrefaction of dead animals contributed
toward breeding the plague, that they woi-shiped the bird Ibis, from the services
it did in devouring great numbers of serpents, which they observed injured by
their stench when dead, as much as by their bite when alive. Nothing can
be more striking than the cases recorded by Pringle, and which daily occur-
red to him of the production of fever, exquisitely typhoid (according to the
language of that day, jail and hospital fever), and of the sudden transition
of intermittent and remittent into the continued and typhoid type, from the
presence of a poison clearly and certainly of animal origin. Whenever
wounded soldiei's, with malignant sores, or mortified limbs, were ci'owded to-
gether, or wlienever only a few of such diseased persons were placed in a
room with the sick from other diseases, with those laboring under intermit-
tent and remittent, for example, a severe and mortal typhus immediately
arose; nay, whenever men, previously in a state of sound health, were too
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOAV FEVEU.
-309
much croNvded together for any consideral)te time, typhus (jail or hospital
fevcj-) was sure to be produced. The instances of such occurrences that are de-
tailed are too nuuierous to be cited, but they are so clearl}- stated, and so strik-
ing, that they well deserve to be consulted by whoever is desirous of clearly
tracing the operation of this great cause of fever. But ])y far the most potent
febrile poison, derived from an animal origin, is that which is formed by ex-
halations given oif from the living bodies of those who arc affected with fever,
especially when .such exhalations are ]»ent up iu a close and conhned apart-
Tueiit. The room of a fever-patient, in a small and iieated apartment in Lon-
don, with no perflation of fresh air, is perfectly analogous to a stagnant pool
in Ethiopia, full of the bodies of dead locusts. The poi.son generated in
both cases is the same ; the difference is merely in the degree of its potencv.
Nature, with her burning sun, her still and pent-np wind, her stagnant and teem-
ing marsh, manufactures plague on a large and fearful scale: poverty in her
hut, covered with her rags, surrounded with her filth, striving witli all her
might to keep out the pure air, and to increase the heat, imitates nature but too
successfully ; the process and the product are the same, the only diflerence is in
the magnitude of the result. Penury and ignorance can thus at any time, and
in any place, create a mortal pLigue. And of this no one has ever dou)»tcd.
Of the power of the living body, even W'hen ia sound health, much more m hen
i,n disease, and, above all, when that disease is fever, to produce a poison capa-
ble of geiiei-ating fever, no one disputes, and the fact has never been called in
question. Tlius far the agreement among all medical men, of all sects, and
of all ages, is perfect. But it happens th.at there is another form of animal
matter capable of producing fever; namely, a matter .secreted by the living
body, constituting not only a poison, but a jieculiar and specific poison. This
specific poison produces not merely fever, but fever with a specific train of
syinptonas. In the acknowledgment of this fact, also, the agreement among
all medical men is equally perfect. But some contend that the poison gener-
ated in the first case, and that genemted in tlie second, ma}- both be properly
called contagious; others maintain that the application of the same term to two
cases so specifically different, destroys a distinction which it is useful to pre-
serve, and that it would be more correct, as well as more conducive to clear-
ness of conception, to call the poison generated in the first case an infection,
and to restrict the term contagion to designate the poison generated in the
latter. Vast and immeasurable as the diiference ujipears to l>e between the
contagionists and the anti-contagionists, if regard be had merely to their lan-
guage, yet if attention be paid only to their ideas, to this, and to this oidy,
narrow as tlic compass is, the whole controversy is reduced. It resolves itself
wholly into tlia question, whether one word shall be used to express two cases
which differ from each other in some important circumstances, or whetlier it
may not be more convenient to employ two terms, and strictly to appropri-
ate each to designate its own specific class. It nuist be manifest that, since
both sects are perfectly agreed about the facts, the dispute can be only verbal.
If the one would consent to restrict their use of the term contagious, for whicli
there is the best authority and ancient custom, to those diseases which arise
810
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOAV FEYEE.
from a specific contagion, and would call those which arise from everj^ other
poison infectious, there w ould be an end to this apparently interminable, and, in
many respects, mischievous controversy. Is the febrile poison, whether of veg-
etable or animal origin, or whether composed of both, capable of adhering to
clothes, apparel, and other substances, in such a manner as truly to infect them,
so that when applied to the bodies of the healthy, at any distance of place,
and at some distance of time, the specific effects of the poison are produced?
That such substances may be so imbued with the poison of the small-pox, all
admit: that the evidence should not be as complete relative to the power,
or the inability of such substances to convey and communicate the poison of
ordinary continued fever, is alike disgraceful to the state of our science, and
injurious to the cause of humanity. There is no reason why the question
should not be settled with absolute certainty ; there is no manner of diffi-
culty in determining it. Experiments the most direct, complete, and decisive,
might be performed, which, if observed, during their progress, by competent
witnesses, and duly authenticated, might ascertain the |X)int, with sufficient clear-
ness and certainty, to satisfy not only the present age, but future generations.
Of all predisposing causes, the most powerful is the continued presence and
the slow operation of the immediate or exciting cause. It is a matter of
constant observation, that the febrile poison may be present in sufficient inten-
sity to affect the health, without being sufficiently potent to produce fever.
In this case, the energy of the action of the organs is diminished, their func-
tions are languidly performed, the entire system is weakened, and this increases,
until at length the power of resistance is less than the power of the poison. AYlien-
ever this happens, fever is induced ; not that the pow"er of the poison may be
at all increased ; but the condition of the system is changed, in consequence of
which, it is capable of offering to the noxious agent thatasssails it less resistance.
Dr. Potter performed some experiments, to show that the continual presence of
the exciting cause not only operates upon the general system, but actually pro-
duces a morbid change in the blood befoi-e it induces fever. During the prev-
alence of an epidemic, it was observed that, in all the cases in which the patients
Avere bled, the general appearance of the blood was precisely the same; that the
coagulum was either of a yellow or of a deep orange color, and that a portion /
of the red particles Avas invariably precipitated. It occurred to Dr. Potter that
if the cause of the disease were contained in tlie common atmosphere, the blood
of those who had inhaled it a certain time Avould exhibit similar phenomena;
and that should this be the case, it Avould prove that the cause, before actually
producing the disease, brought about a state of the system which predisjwsed
it to be affected by the jx)ison. To ascertain the appearances of the blood in
persons who were exposed to the febrile poison, but who still remained appar-
ently in perfect health, he drew a quantity of blood from five persons who had
lived during the whole epidemic season in the most infected pai'ts of the city.
To external appearance and inward feeling, eaeli of these persons was in sound
health. Their blood could in no respect be distinguished from the blood of
those who labored under the most intense forms of the prevailing fever. As it
was necessary to the conclusiveness of the experiment that their blood should
A HISTORY OF TIIR YELLOW FEVER,
311
be compired with the Ijluud of those uho lived in an atmosphere unquestiona-
bly pure, Dr. Potter selected an equal nuuiherof persons who dwelt on the hills,
in Baltimore County, and drew from each of them ten ounces of blood. The
contrast was most manifest. The serum was neither of a yellow nor of an
orange color; there was no red precipitate; the appearances were such as are
found in the blood of persons in perfect health. A young gentleman having
returned to the city from tlie western part of Pennsylvania, on the 10th of
September, in a state of sound health, Dr. Potter drew a few ounces (.)f blood
from a vein on the day of his arrival ; it exhibited no deviation from that of
a healthy person. He remained in the family until the 26th of the month,
that is, sixteen days. On the sixteenth day the bleeding was repeated. The
serum had assumed a deep yellow hue, and a copious pi-ecijjitation of red
globules had likewise fallen to the bottom of the vessel. In these experiments,
the blood in six persons indicated the operation of the morbid cause, while each
remained in a state of apparent health. Of these six persons, four were act-
ually seized with yellow fever during the prevalence of the epidemic ; and the
other two, though they escaped any foi-mal attack, did not escape indisposition.
They were affected with headache, nausea, and other indications of disease, like
hundreds besides, who were never alisolutely confined to the house, and who
never took any medicine, but who still experienced, in nausea, giddiness, head-
ache, pain in the extremities, and so on, abundant intimations of the presence
of the poison. These examples may suffice to show how the exciting may
itself become a most powerful predisposing cause. The predisposition to sub-
sequent attacks, after the system has ojice suffered from the disease, is very
remarkable ; that predisi)osition remains for a considerable period after conva-
lescence and apparent recovery. Of this, striking examples continuall}' occur,
both with regard to intermittent and to continued fever. In fitct, the disposi-
tion to relapse remains until the constitution has recovered its previous strength
and vigor, however distant that period may be. The influence of cold, moist-
ure, fiitigue, intemperance, constipation, anxiety, fear, and all the depressing-
passions, are likewise extremely powerful i)redisposing causes. They enable a
less dose of the poison to produce fever, and they increase the intensity of the
fever when it is established. They all act by weakening the resisting power
inherent in the constitution, that is, by enfeebling the powers of life."
Dr. Drake, of Nashville, thus formulates his views as to quarantine:
1. The danger of attacks from yellow fever is in proportion to the amount
of the poison taken into the system.
2. There is a systemic toleration of the jioison varying with the vital resist-
ance of each individual, and zymotic action is mainly concerned in the process
of sporulation and fructification without the body, and not within, until the
line of vital resistance is lirokeu down, when this process may come into act-
ive operation as in other effote matter without the body; otherwise it would
seom impossible for a single human being to escape.
Coleridge's "Table Talk," nnfler date of April 7,1832, and the beading " F.pi-
demic Diseases — Quarantine" tiie following views are expressed: "Quaranline can
312.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
3. In the mitl.st of an epidemic, depopulation of rooms and avoidance of con-
fined areas of stagnant air aiford the safest jaersonal prophylaxis.
4. Quarantine of the ordinary landing of vessels, cars, and other vehicles,
and of the baggage and clothhig of travelers from infected districts, should be
rigidly enforced until disinfection is thoroughly consummated. Cities and towns
should quarantine against infected districts, but the open country need not be
put under restriction, as the facts in the case of the refugee camp near Mem-
\>hh abundantly prove. Camps of refuge should be provided at convenient
distances from a city or town infected, and the entire population exposed to
danger should abandon all inclosures, and live in the open air.
The Homeopathic Commission, whose investigation was thorough, and whose
recommendations are of the most sensible and practical character, in relation
to quarantine, recommend the erection of a permanent sanitary commission,
ably constituted, well salaried, and invested by the government Avith large
jiowers, to be composed of medical men, yeliow fever experts, and of professed
scientists ; which sanitary commission shall devote itself exclusively to mat-
ters of public hygiene. The measures they recommend to prevent the im-
portation and spread of 3^ellow fever are the following:
1. An intelligent oversight of all the tropical ports during the summer
months. The sanitary commission should have agents in all those ports con-
not keep out an atmospheric disease, but it can, and does always, increase the predispos-
ing causes of its reception." And this: "There are two grand divisions under whicli all
contagious diseases may be classed, 1st. Those wliicli spring from organized living beings,
and from the life in them, and which enter, as it were, into the life of those in whom they
reproduce themselves — such as small-pox and measles. These become so domesticated
with the habit and sj'Btem that they are rarely received twice. 2d. Those whicli spring
from dead, organized, or unorganized, matter, and which may be comprehended under
the wide term, malaria. You may have passed a stagnant pond a hundred times without
injury, you happen to pass it again, in low spirits and chilled, precisely at the moment
of the e.xplosion of the gas, the malaria strikes on the cutaneous or veno-glandular sys-
tem and drives the blood from the surface, the shivering fit comes on, till the mnsculo-
ai'terial irritability reacts, and then the hot fit succeeds, and, unless bark or arsenic —
particularly bark, because it is bitter as well as tonie — be applied to strengthen the veno-
glandular, and to moderate the musculo-arterial system, a man may have the ague for
thirty years together. But if, instead of being exposed to the solitary malaria of a pond,
a man, traveling through the Pontine marshes, permits his animal energies to play, and
surrenders himself to the drowsiness which generally attacks him, then blast ujion blast
strikes upon the cutaneous s^'stem, and passes through it to the musculo-nrterial, and so
completely overpowers the latter that it can not react, and the man dies at once, instead
of onl}' catching an ague. There are three factors of tiie operation of an eiiidemic, or
atmospheric disease. The fiivst and principal one is the predisposed state of the body.
Secondly, the specific virus in the atmosphere; and, thirdly, the accidental circumstances
of weather, locality, food, occupation, etc. Against the second of tliese we are powerless;
its nature, causes, and sympathies are too subtle for our senses to find data to go upon.
Against the first, medicine may act profitably; against the third, a wise and sagacious
medical police ought to be adopted; but, above all, let every man act like a Christian, in
all charity and love, and brotherly kindness, and sincere reliance on God s merciful provi
dence."
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER. 313
iiected eitlier with our consulates or with responsiljlc commercial huiiscs. It
should be their business to keep the commission reguhirly and frequently ad-
vised of the sanitary condition of every locality, to report the appearance and
progress of the fever, the sailing of every suspicions or infected vessel, and to
furnish all inf)ruiation the commission may require.
2. The declaration of a discriminating quarantine only against ports notori-
ously infected, regulated in character and duration by the actual facts obtained
by the commission.
3. The thorough cleansing, disinfecting, and refrigeration of every vessel
arriving from yellow fever ports during the summer months. Tlie character,
mode, and extent of the disinfection will be determined by the studies and
experiments of the commission in that special direction. "We cidl attention to
the refrigeration of vessels suggested to us by Dr. Bushrod W. James, of Phil-
adelphia. From the recent inventions and improvements in the wavof fittini;-
up refrigerating rooms and ice-making machines, he is convinced that all diffi-
culties can be easily overcome, and the hold, cargoes, and passcngeis of vessels
can be subjected for two or three days to a low temjjerature, say ten or fifteen
degrees below the freezing-point — a temperature quite destructive of the yellow
fever germ, l)ut entirely compatible with human comfort.
4. The sanitary surveillance for thirty days after landing of all persons
coming from tropical ports and remaining in the city. Physicians should be
compelled, under heavy penalties, to report the slightest sickness among such
passengers, and as soon as yellow fever is diagnosed by experts, ineasiu'es for
the immediate suppression of the disease should be adopted.
Dr. A. N. Bell, editor of the SanitarinU; jierhajis the highest authority in this
country on quai'antine and sanitation, concluding a very able article on this
subject in the number of his magazine for Feliruary of this year (1879),
says, in regard to _yellow fevei' : "This epidemic, more than any other, concerns
the commercial prosperity of the southern ports of the United States. It is of
little consequence whether it was originally indigenous or exotic. It is a disease
of communities, rarely or never originating or spreading in a scattered popula-
tion. It has been common to the cities of the Gulf coast of America, and in
the West Indies, as far back as we have any authentic history of their diseases,
and has recurred sufficiently f)ften to maintain a potential activity whenever
fiivored by local conditions and protracted periods of pi-evailing high tempera-
ture. But every ])Iace where yellow fl?ver ai'ises sjiontaneously, is epidemic, or
is capable of being introduced, must have, in addition to localizing causes, a
prevailing temperature for several weeks above 75°, a condition comparatively
rare in our sea- ports north of Charleston. It is apparent, therefore, that quar-
antine restrictions necessary to southern ports may be unnecessarily oppressive
to northern ones, t!iat a low temperature is ordinarily an effectual quarantine
against the introduction of yellow fever. The portal)ility of yellow fever is a
.settled question ; but no matter what the differences of opinion in regard to the
essential nature of the cause of the disease, the relations of yellow fever to com-
merce, wherever brought in contact with it, have shown that vessels are liable
to become infected, and to convey it from port to port in pioportiou to their
314
A HISTORY OF THE YELLO'.V FEVEI?.
over-crowded state, want of cleanliness, and want of ventdation. And no
measures are more imperatively necessary for the prevention of the spread of
yellow fever and other epidemics by commerce than those which will effectually
enforce room, cleanliness, and ventilation in the naval, mercantile marine, lake,
and river services. Finally, no quarantine can ever be made successful without
coordinate internal sanitary measures for both ports and vessels of everv class.
The remarks of John Simon, in his Report to the Commissioners of Sewers of
London, 1854, in regard to cholera, are equally applicable to yellow fever: ' The
specific migrating power, whatever its nature, has the faculty of infecting dis-
tricts in a manner detrimental to life only wlien their atmosphere is fraucjht iintk
certain j)ToducU susceptible, under its influence, of midergoivg poisonous transforma-
tion. . . . Through the unpolluted atmosphere of cleanly districts it mi-
grates silently, without a blow; that which it can kindle into poison lies not
there. To the foul, damp breath of low-lying cities it comes like a spark to
powder. Here is contained that which it can quickly make destructive- — soaked
into soil, stagnant in water, grimming the pavement, tainting the air — the slow
rottenness of unremoved excrement, to which the first contact of this foreign
ferment brings the occasion of changing into new and more deadly com-
binations.' "
Ill-
Disagreeing upon nearly every other point, the doctors are almost a nnit as to
the necessity for thorough sanitation, in order to ward off or mitigate at-
tacks of yellow fever. They all declare that filth, especially decaying animal
matter and human excrement, is a prime, if not the potent, cause of the se-
verity of the attacks of this curse to tlie jaeople of the Mississiispi Valley. The
specific poison may be in the air, but its propagation depends upon con-
ditions, the destruction of which are within the reach of all classes in the
South. Dr. Joseph Holt, in a paper read before the Congressional Yellow
Fever Commission of 1878, while sitting in New Orleans, declares that, " while
we cannot trace a direct causative lelation between the filth of a city, town, or
ship* and the first ajipearance of this disease, it invariably develops itself,
A writer, in the Nashville Banner, of the lOtli of Marcli, 1879, gives the filtli atlend-
aiit upon the Middle Passage as the source and origin of this disease, which, like a dire-
ful relribution, he thinks, continues to plague all the slave-cmsed countries of North and
South America. He paints the horrifying picture graphically. He snys : "As i'or the
origin and birth-place of the yellow fever, there can be but little doubt, no matter how
nnich ink has been used on the subject. It is ocean born. I have seen more sides of the
world than one, and spent more than one Saturday night at 'sea,' in the forecastle of a
A HISTORY OF TIIK YF.M.OW FEVEU.
315
.priiiuirily assticiated with u bad sanitary condition of the coninuiiiity. In cer-
tain cities— Phihidelphia and New Yorlv especially — formerly devastated by this
pestilence, the scourge has ceased coincidently with an improved sanitary svsteni.
ship, among seamen of all nations, Iiearing them tell of all then- voyages and the voyages
of their father.^, in plain, nnniistakable hiUiguage. Tlje li<irrors of the Middle Passage,
sonietinies called High Latitudes, iiave been related by some bionzed fellow, an cve-wit-
ness from the Galf of Guinea, a deadhead, in such language as none otiier dare to use or
could Use, That fever about which there lias been, and still is, niucli discussion and dif-
ference of opinion among landsmen and philantliroi)ist.s, is the fiiiit of tiiia Middle Pas-
sage, in my belief. Here hundreds, sometimes a thousand, human beings, torn from their
rude yet hap[iy liomea, were liuddled together between the upjier and lower decks of a
floating hell, commanded by a demon in hinnau sli;ipe, and ni;iiv.iged by the otl'scouring
of God's earth, to be carried to a Christian land and sold, ' slaves for life.' j\Iy (^iod !
could you be with them— niad, naked, hopeless, forlorn ! — as a squall sti-ikea the ship and
hurls to leeward a raving mass, you would see what the Middle Passage means. Could
vtm hear them in a dead calm, not even a cat's paw of wind on the rolling deep, tlie ther-
mometer 110° Fahrenheit, tlie pitch boiling from the seams in the black sides of the slajj,
the white deck so hot with a vertical sun that yon could not tread on it with a bare foot,
and then hear the wild anguish beneath you, and smell 1 Could you stand on that deck,
again, of a dark, murky night — a night of the tro[)ic — and feel it rain in torrents, such as
you never saw, declis full of jiort-sills, a heavy ground-swell on, shi[i rolling and tum-
bling about, her unfilled sails slashing, and dashing, and crashing against the mast with a
noise like thunder, the deck load of water liurled from side to side, while beneath is un-
told misery for want of sonic of that dashing water, yon wcnild see tiie origin of tlie
dread pestilence. Wait for the morning after such anight, look at your mast boats, your
canon, your hatchways, your lower mast, your puni[)s; they are all covered with a
lead-colored, silver-looking coat, and large (lr(>[is of Idack dew. This is tlie emanation —
tlie poison gas from the catacomb beneath you. Dreadful ! Ain't it dreadful? Hark!
The bell strikes one; 'tis death ! The gratings arc off, and from that dark, concentrated
misery below is passed up thirty or more nude forms. Their white, blearing eye-, their
open mouths, their fallen cliins, their bluish-looking .skin, wrinkled and parboiled witli
the heat of the damp ship, and their last agonies — ain't it ilreadfiil I Then they are
tumbled into the sea, food for the sharks, with a (Joast of Guineaman's pirayer, ' D — n the
niggers; what ails them? There is thirty more gone.' Ain't it dreadful? Gentlemen,
here is the birth-place and cause of our scourge, the yellow fever. It was not known
among the Caribbean Islands, nor at Brazil, nor on the western Continent, until the curse
of slavery came there. It is a creature of the Middle Passage — the high latitudes of mis-
ery, nakedness, want, and filth. Gentlemen, yon have lieard of these things, but have never
seen tiiem. You have heard of a slave-ship, but slie has never come with all her liorrors
before you. It is from her we receive this dread curse; it is not of western birth — not in-
digenous. Its footsteps come up from niid-ocean. Why is it thus? In 1 8"2"), I was in Liver-
pool. The barque Mollie, from Fernando Po, Gulf of Guinea, was brought into dock, a
condemned slaver. She was ' eighty years old,' liad been in the west coast of Africa trade
most of that time; was a low, black craft with a short shark's licad above her cut-water
a smoky black, looked as if slie had been below. 1 lieard her history from an old sailor.
1 have given you part of tliat liistory. Her name should be changed to Aceldama. Ev-
ery look about her told a tale of horror, yet her owner bowed at tlie name of Jesus. Tiie
officers and crews of these slave-sliips slejit above the slave-decks in the poop or top-gal-
lant forecastle, where the air was pure, were well fed and kept clean, and thus, in most
cases, escaped the contagion. Put for this no voyage could have been safely made. Gen-
tlemen, keep clean, stir around out of doors, let th; wind feel your skin, and, above all.
316
A HISTORY or THE YELLOW FEVER.
Sanitary negligence in India is punished with cholera ; in the Orient, with
l)]ague and leprosy; in Europe, the British Islands, and the Northern United
States, with typhus, typhoid, diphtheria, and scarlatina, in their malignant
and epidemic forms; in the West Indies and tropical and serai-tropical
Americas Avith yellow fever. For the disobedience of sanitary law these are
fvinong the prices paid by the human race according to its distribution upon the
earth." The Board of Health of Isew Orleans adopting these views of Dr.
Holt, in a report to the general council of that city, say that " One duty para-
mount to all others confronts the people of New Orleans — tliat they shall per-
fect the sanitary condition of our city. This can only be done in accordance
Avlth a system of the most liberal and enlightened sanitary engineering, and
in an absolute obedience to all the laws relating to the i^ublic health. By the
enforcement of wisely-appointed sanitary measures, we will accomplish a double
reformation, the crowning necessity of our time — we will improve by it the
health and prosperity of our people, and in equal measure diminish the mis-
cries of our poor." The report of the Board of Health of England,* on
quarantine and yellow fever, presented to both houses of Parliament, iu April,
1852, says : "The means of jirotection from yellow fever is not in quarantine
restrictions and sanitary cordons, but in sanitary works and operations. ...
We believe there is a general belief in the conclusion that the substitution of
sanitary hygienic measures for quarantine isolation and restriction would afford
more certain and effectual protection." Dr. Louis A. Falligant, who differed
on many points from his colleagues of the Allo2:)athic Commission, appointed by
the congressional committee, holds the view that yellow fever may be devel-
oped by indigenous as well as by imported poison, and that local hygiene is of
equal importance with quarantine in checking the spread of the imported fever,
and of absolute necessity in the prevention of that of domestic origin. He says,
clearly and forcibly, " I can not overlook the fact that, whilst fire will explode
powder, the fire may be produced in one locality by electricity, in another by
don't hide dirt. Better let tlie hot sun lick its poison up, and tlie winds scatter it, tlian
to turn it into badly-covered sewers, to creep along and ripen, and tlien cast its breath out
with the dews of night through thousands of little openings. There is more safely in
this than in all your quarantine, inland. Quarantine phips and foreign travelers as much
as you please, but when they have introduced the evil, cleanliness is the best and surest
remedy I have seen yet."
*■ This commission, composed of Lord Shaftsbury and Drs. Edwin Chadwick and I.
Southwood Smith, in their report to that government, declare that the conditions which
influence the localization of yellow fever are known, definite, and, to agreat extent, remova-
ble, and are substantially the same as the localizing causes of cholera and all other epidemic
di-eases. That, as in the case of all other epidemic diseases, in proportion as there local-
izing causes are removed or diminished, yellow fever ceases to appear, or recurs at more
distant intervals, and in milder forms. That there is no evidence to prove that yellow
fever has ever been imported. That consequently the means of protection from yellow
fever, are not quarantine restrictions and sanitary cordons, but sanitary works and opera-
tions, having for their object the removal and prevention of the several localizing condi-
tions, and when such permanent works are impracticable [as they can not be in cities] the
temporary removal, as far as may ba possible, of tlie population from the infected districts.
A HISTORY OF THE YEIJ.OW FEVER.
317
the collision of flint and steel, and in still another hy striking a mutch."
Dr. Holt, as sanitary inspector for the fourth district, in his report to the New
Orleans Board of Health, calls attention to the fact that it " has by no means
been satisfactorily proven that putrefying animal matter and the tilth of
great communities of human Ijeings has not its position as a fhct(.)r in the
proiluction or first appearance of yellow fever poison. No instance has yet
been adduced of j'ellow fever appearing de novo, except as associated with lartre
comnnuiities in a filthy condition, or on ship-board, wliere the same unsanitary
condition exists in a concenti-ated form. There are precisely the same reasons
for declaring yellow fever to be ab initio the product of human filth, as malaria
Bat so clear a statement of cause and effect, ajiulgnient deliverecl after the most care-
ful examination, has not been allowed to pass niieliallenged. Even so rcsi)ectal)le a
body as the State Medical Society of Tennessee has declared against it — against this so
deliberately stated experience. At its last session, and on the 3d of April, 1879, that bodv
resolved: "That we recommend to those in authority a quarantine in its m ost judicious
shape — national, State, and local — as the only means yet known by which this terrible
scom-ge can be even partially stayed and controlled; and that all measures now pending
ill Congress or in any State legislature looking to this-end have the hearty indorsement
of this body." And this in the face of the testimony of the most experienced vcllow
fever physicians, who declare that filth in every form — from the ofTal of the slaughter-
house to human excreta — is the nidus on which yellow fever feeds and propagates, and
by which it is sustained and perpetuated. Quarantine may hemic, but it is not the
(mil/" means of prevention of the si)read of this awful scourge. As Dr. McDonald savs :
" Whatever physical conditions, such as an increase of temperature, moisture, and sub-
sequent evaporation, or the common decompositions of cess-pools, or the eflluvia evolved
in bad drainage, may be operative on shore, yet, wiien once communicated to a nian-of-
viar vessel, and isolated on her voyage by far removal from all local land influences, the
phenomena are very striking and suggestive. Under sncli circumstances it is difficult to
witness the spread of the disease from one individual to another, and its virulence be-
coming more intensified by the unavoidable crowding of the sick, without recognizing
the important part that the emanations and excretions of the human body must take in
the matter. Tt may be objected that all the most potent of the terrestrial or atmospheric
conditions alluded to are fulfilled in the bilge-effluvia of the vessel, but it must be appar-
ent to the close observer that the human element far outweighs all other suppositions, al-
though bilge-water and all other foulnesses in the vessel may form a nidus for the further
development of the disease and its spread. But when the disease is again landed at some
new port, this liilge-water is not brought on shore, although it may be communicated to
foul docks. The clothing and efTects of the dead, and of the survivors, and even of those
who have not been sick, but which have been long exposed to the emanations of the sick,
are liien brougiit on shore and taken to near or distant points in the unfortunate town.
The more crowded and the more filthy the houses into whicli these infected things are
brought, the greater will be the danger of an oiubreak. It is believed that tlie specific
yellow fever poison can not be conveyed directly from the sick to the healthy, but must
first be deposited in decomposing animal and vegetable matter. Still, however this may
be, it is certainly a portable disease, which can be conveyed from one locality to another
by means of clothing, foul merchandise, and in the holds of vessels. If filth is necessary
to its pi-opagation, where is that most easily met with but in the unwashed bodies and
clothes of the dirty poor, and in their foul rooms, kitchens, privies, yards, streets, gutters,
sewers, etc., and even in the houses of the slovenly and careless rich — for not every ricii
person is a clean person in every part of his house and belongings."
318
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
to be the product of the marsh or swamp. Einniiating from a more deadly and pes-
tiiential source than mere rottuig leaves and a wet soil, the virus is pos,sessed of sjie-
cial qualities in keeping with the foul source of its origin. It gives no warning of
its coming,* it is limited geographically ; it is transmissible in fomites, and is, of all
specific poisons, perhajM, the most intensely infectious; the disease runs its course
quickly and ceases, one attack usually giving immunity from a second. Typhus,
typhoid, diphtheria, the plague, and yellow fever are only such products as we
might reasonably expect from efiijte animal matter under certain conditions of
special foulness. Their specific nature, transmissibility, and power of spreading,
independently of the conditions of their origin, are no proofs against their hav-
ing such an origin." Substantiating these views, Di . Holt gives this sickening-
description of the source, as be suggests, of yellow fever in Kew Orleans. He
says: "It is not asserting too much to declare that our privies are the most
dangerous enemies of our lives and happiness. There is hardly one in New
Orleans but whose contents have free access to the soil, to saturate the ground
with liquid ordure. Thousands of them were originally huge boxes or wooden
tanks, but are now only common sinks or pits in the ground, with hardly a
vestige of the woodwork left. Tlie most mischievous parts of their contents
soak into the earth, and so contaminate the soil under our feet that specimens
* "Wliile Esculapiaiia liave no special gift of foretelling which will, and which will not, be
fin epidemic year," says Dowler, in 1853, " history fui nislies presumptions, analogies, and de-
ductions more or less favorable to the future in New Orleans, even lliough the next few years
sliould be as iiisal ubrious as the past. Epidemics have not only a limited period of increment
and decrement in any one year, but they usually have more prolonged periods of increment
and decrement through series of years, often constituting what may be called a cycle of
variable duration, after which they generally cease. So it was with the plague in Europe ;
so it was with the fever in tlie Spanish peninsula ; so it was with the fever in the cities
of the United States, in the North, as in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and
other places. Its invasion of the southern ti-opic, at Rio, .so recent and severe, together
with its decline in the north temperate zone, may be the precursors of its northern de-
clination and southern advance, so that both Charleston, Mobile, New Orleans, and other
southern towns and districts have now, at tlie least, tlie same probabilities in favor of
approaching exemption that many otlier cities further north had more tlian half a cent-
ury ago, before yellow fever api)eared on the banks of the Mississippi. New Orleans is
now, and has long been, near the nortliern border of the yellow fever zone. If yellow
fever has, as may be the case, reached its culminating case in this city, its history else-
where in the temperate zone indicates a progressive decline. Charleston, desolated at the
close of the seventeenth century, was nearly exempt from yellow fever in the first quarter,
and ill the two last quarters, of the eighteenth century. New York was exempt for forty
years, ending in the last decimal period of the same century — a period longer than the
exemption of which the present forms a part — the prolongation of which may be sud-
denly arrested, for any thing that human foresiglit or science can show to the contrary.
The history of the past affords no guarantee that its scenes shall ever be repeated. It is as
idle to deny as to predict this lamentable contingency. It is consolatory to reflect, however,
that the plague, as well as the yellow fever, has almost entirely left Europe, and that the
latter disease is .scarcely known in the Atlantic States of the Republic. No thanks to
quarantinel If any visible causes can be assigned fortius exemption, the most probable
are the extensions of knowledge in hygiene, physiology, and physical or sanitary ira-
provements. Thanks to science!"
A HLSTOKY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
819
of subsoil water, taken from different depths, as low as ninety-five feet, and
from different parts of the city, have been carefully analyzed by Professor
Joseph Jones, and have yielded a large percentage of urea and organic mat-
ters, the products of animal excretion, fully fifty-three grains to every gallon.
' It is evident,' Jones says, ' that these waters are suitable neither for drinking nor
for washing, nor for cooking. In fact, they are as bad as, if not worse than, the
drainings of graveyards ' — whicli he proves by comparison with certain English
analyses. During wet weather, tiiese vaults or sinks quickly fill with water, and
overflow, flooding yards and gutters with ordure. Under a sun almost tropical one-
half the year, this ferments, and emits a most abominable stench, which, of all
others, must be a fruitful source of disease, operating directly in its production,
and indirectly in lowering the vital stamina of the inhabitants. While in wet
seasons these vaults are flooded, in dry weather, as before stated, they are
largely emptied by their fluid contents soaking into the ground, thus saturating
the soil upon whicli we live with human excrement. In tliis respect it may
be properly stated that the people have a huge privy in common, and that the
inhal)itants of New Orleans live upon a dung-heap. Is it possible to imagine
a sanitary condition more deplorably bad ? Tliat ejiidemic diseases sliould
sweep at times as a fire is no marvel. It is a righteous retribution for violated
law. The excellent health whicli we usually enjoy is more greatly to be won-
dered at. However, so long as this flagrant disobedience of sanitar}' law ex-
ists, so long must we surely pay the price, as we paid it last summer." And
this picture, so repugnant to every sense of decency, as well as violative of tlie
simplest laws of life, will serve not only for New Orleans, but for every city
of the South, of the West, or of the Noi'th, whei-e adequate provision is not
made for the washing away or carting away of offal, refuse, ashes, and human
excreta. This may bo said, too, of many cities that boast of a sewerage system,
supposed to be effective, but that is really defective — that leaks its noxious
emissions into the soil in the form of seepage, or gases more subtle and deadly.
Memphis, so much more highly favored as to situation, could not, and never
has been in a condition so disgraceful as this which Holt paints fi)r New Or-
leans, and whicli we can well believe to be true. AVitli unsurpassed surface
drainage, and bayous, that send their brandies far beyond the confines of the
city, and into the country to sources tluit well up from springs of pure, good
water — witli these, Mempliis is well drained and dry, and it might be sup-
posed is beyond the contamination, which, after one hundred and fifty years
has made of the site of New Orleans, as Holt says, a mere "dung-heap."
But a careful examination reveals the fact that this is not altogether the case.*
The privies, many of them in Memphis, are so deep as to reacli the sand sub-
stratum on wliich rests tlie great clay bank known as the Chickasaw Bhifls.
* Mr. J.ames B. Cook, an accomplished ai-cliitect and sanitary engineer, wlio lias
resided in Memphis for many years, while the plague was in progress, in 1S78, gave
his testimony as to the origin of the epidemic, in a letter for the press, df which tlu'
following is an extract: "The predominating cause of disease, is filth. So largciy vvv:r^-
nized is this — that filth is the origin and promoter of disease— that special 1 ■i;i>latiiin
21
820
A HISTORY OF THE YEI.LOAV FEVER.
Through this sand the water of the river finds its way at every great rise, so
is enacted by the governments of the civilized nations to prevent its accumulation,
for proper and effective means to carry off the same, and the creation of Boards of
Health, with such laws and regulations for the proper supervision of towns and cities in
all that relates to sanitary affairs; and so effective have these sanitary boards been in the
work of reducing filth diseases to a minimum, that diseases of an epidemic form, which
formerly were so well known to large cities, such as London, Paris, Berlin, Boston, New
York, and Philadeljihia, are now rarely known, and, if known, are confined to small lo-
calities. The creation of sanitary boards and the enactments of laws governing cities, in
a sanitary point of view, has given rise to a new profession, co-ordinate with that of the civil
engineer, viz., the sanitary engineer; and it is to the sanitary engineer we must look for the
proper arrangement of the machinery for the workings of a city, and to him alone must be
confided a city's drainage and water supply, forno city can be healthy without a proper sys-
tem of drainage and a pure water supply. Without these we engender filth and fevers.
Have we, in this city, these two conditions so essential to health? I answer mostpositivelv,
we have not, and to these two causes may be attributed the present plague. As an example
of what the excreta from defective drainage may do, I will call attention to the fact, that
in one of the healthiest towns in England — Over Darwen — a man contracted a disease
from some other town and went to that place to die; after his arrival, and within a very
short period, 2,035 people were attacked with filth fever, out of which 104 died. A thor-
ough examination, as to the cause of this disease and the terrible mortality, showed that
the excreta of this first patient passed itself tlirough channels used for the irrigation of a
neighboring field. The water-main of the town passed through this field, and, although
special precautions had been taken to prevent any infiltration of sewerage into the main,
it had been found the concrete had sprung a leak and allowed the contents of the drain
to be sucked freely into the water-pipe; thus the poisonous excreta was regularly thrown
down the drain, and as regularly passed into the town. After this discovery, the authorities
went to work and removed the cause; the sway of the filth devil was arrested, and the
town once again assumed its healthy condition. I cite this case to show what defective
drainage can do in an hitliei to healthy town, and with the thermometer at a low temper-
ature. Turn to our own city, with its ten thousand odors assailing one's nostrils at every
turn, and at every street corner, with the cellars of stores reeking in the accumulation
of filth of years, others with stinking and contaminated bilge-water, bavous contami-
nated with the excreta of many privies, bayous with sewers emptying into them by the
express permission of the city authorities, also with the drainage from the woolen mill in
Fort Pickering, being the stinking washings of dirty wool and other refuse matter; these
and a thousand others, any one of which is enough, in this latitude, to produce death to
ti community. We have nothing to complain of in the atmosphere of Memphis; it is as
salubrious and as fine as can be found anywhere, and for general health fulness, excepting
at filth-disease times, is rated high. So far as I am concerned, and I have traveled far
•on the earth's surface, I have never been in a healthier locality. What, then, have we to
complain of? We have to complain of filth and its results, brought about by the negli-
gence of those in authority. To filth and the filthy condition of the city I attribute the
present experience, and had this filth never been allowed to accumulate, we never should
have been visited by this present plague. 1855 taught a lesson, we failed to profit by it.
1867 taught another lesson. 1873 taught a fearful one, but we failed to profit by it.
Scientists recognize the cause of disease to be filth. Remove the cause, then the effect
will disappear. The recollection of the fever, in the fall of 1873, has had much to do
with intensifying the disease of the present time. Fear is playing its part, together with
the absurd rumors on the streets, the wild teachings of fanatics, and last, though not least,
the headings to some of the local articles on the fever in the daily press. Fear has played
its part, and to these two agencies — fear and filth — we are indebted for our unhappy and
deplorable condition."
A HISTORY OF THE YKLLOW FEVER.
321
that in many places the gradual advance of the Mississippi may be actually gauged
by the rise of the excreta which, when the river falls, is drawn -tifter the
water through the soil, the gases formed by its assimilation finding a passage,
no doubt, to the atmosphere above, to become the means of propagatino; tlie
deadly poison of yellow fever. In the cai-ly days of Memphis, privy vaults
were purposely, and are yet, made deep enough to reach this sand, as a sure
means of dispensing with the labor of the niglit-soiler. When the population
was small, as in 1855, when the yellow fever first visited the city epidemieallv,
this was not felt to be the evil it now is, when perhaps 12,000 families are in-
creasing the capital of this bank of death by not less than 1,000 liarrels of ex-
creta every day, and by at least 4,000 barrels of offal and other refuse. Tlie
accumulations of filth are more rapid than is generally imagined possible. If
the amount of animal and other food consumed liy 50,000 or more persons per
day is recalled, some estimate may be formed of the amount of refuse which
accumulates each year in a city without a scavenger system, and the people of
which have not been educated up to the standard of even a half-way system
of hygiene.* In such a condition, there can not fail to be a gradual deteriora-
tion of human health and strength, especially when the human filth j^oison is
supplemented by the equally deadly malaria of the swamp. In his )nessage to the
city council, on the 11th of September, 1-S24, Mayor J. Roffignac stated that the
primary cause of the insalubrity of New Orleans Avas due to two causes, one of
them internal, the other external. He said : " The internal causes are: 1st. Tlie
filth created by a populous city. 2d. The low grounds and pools where stagnant
water lies, the wooden gutters [equal to tlie Nicholson pavement, now decaying
in Memphis] constantly wet and fermenting undei- the rays of a tori'id sun.
3d. Tlie want of privies in most of the populous districts, which renders it
necessary to recur to the disgusting and dangerous use of tubs. The external
causes are the marshes lying north and west of the city, uncovered but un-
drained, and deprived, by the cutting down of trees, of the shelter formerly'
aflTorded to them by the shade of a luxuriant vegetation, for which the very
miasms that now spread death and desolation among us were a source of life
and vigor. 2d. To the south and east tlie Mississippi, which in its periodical
retreat, at the hottest season of the year, leaves in its tracks a great portion
of the filth which has been thrown into the current, but is brouglit back by
eddies. 3d. The winds, which at the inoment we feel most secure, may, as
was the case in 1822, convey to us tlie deadly effluvia of the dangerous spots
which they sweep in their course." Dowler refers to the excavation of the
original basin of Canal Carondelet, in 1796, and also that of the basin for the
same canal in 1853, as coincidents of tlie epidemics of those years, and he
urges that the crowding of filth, a want of ventilation, incomplete drainage,
and humidity must be injurious to the health and detrimental to the ]ihysical
comforts of the citizens — healthy or sick, pure air being vital to both. He
* The government of Meniijhis has i-e«x>ntly heen changed, and very niiicli for the
better. One, and the greatest rcsnlt of this cliange, is tlie enforcement of sanitary regula-
tions, that bid fair, in time, to comi)letely reverse this unsanitary condition.
322
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVP:K.
then describes the homes of New Orleans, as follows : " About ninety
ill every hundred houses, even in the richer portion of the city, are
constructed in a manner that must be condemned in any climate, but in
none so much as in this city, depressed as it is below the high-water
mark of the river, almost every-where, and in the rear nearly on the sea-
level. The lower floor, in a great majority of the houses, especially the
stores, rests on the humid soil, sometimes at a lower level than the streets,
no air being admitted underneath. The fresh water newer pliocene being
largely mixed with decaying animal and vegetable matter, moistened by rains
and infiltrations from the river, gutters, and swamps, generates perennial crops
of algse, fungi, infusoria, blight, mildew, mould, etc., which abound in, under,
and around the lower story of these unventilated houses, where, indeed, crops
of mushrooms would flourish, were they not repressed by the tread of the
tenant. Hence goods rust and spot; delicate colors are discharged ; health,
too, is deteriorated, from moist and unsalubrious exhalations during the day,
and at night — as many persons sleep on these decaying, humid floors. Phy-
sicians, in visiting the poor, especially in depressed portions of the city, must
have often found the flooring of houses floating, and sometimes, after rains,
-quite covered with water too filthy and offensive for descxijjtion- — laboratories
for generating carbonic and other deadly gases, predisposing to disease, and
rendering recovery from any kind of sickness tedious, too often impossible.
What drug can supply the place of pure air, pure water, and dry sleeping?"
These conditions, he thinks, " with the warm season of the year, with unac-
climated constitutions, and with aggregations of people," is all that is needed
to pi'oduce yellow fever in epidemic form, and bring death — speedy, yellow,
bloody, repulsive, and hideous death — to thousands of unsuspecting households.
" Much may be done," says Dowell, " in the way of preventive, by sanitary
measures. No animal matter should be alloAved to decay in the city limits.
Bones, heads of fish, dead chickens, slops from the kitchen, should be re-
moved; all low places, Avhere there are worms, bugs, or snails, should be filled
ujj or covered with sand until no smell would arise after night, or after a rain.
This would, no doubt, prevent the spreading of yelloAV fever to so great an extent,
and would make persons living in tlie district better prepared to stand the disease
Avhen attacked. New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Savannah, Charleston,
and other cities have been Avholly or to a great extent relieved from this
scourge, by being better drained and better sewered than when it prevailed in
them. New Orleans has been greatly improved by its water-works, and but
for its shipping, I doubt if it would spread there now. Its mortality has been
greatly reduced since 1853,* though the inhabitants, have increased." Within
the last fifty years land-draining, town-sewering, and stringent laws regulating
* Tlu.s is true. The total number of deaths in New Orleans, in 1878, was something
under 4,000, the population of the city during the epidemic being not less than 220.000 ;
while in Memphis, the total of deaths was 5,150 out of a total population of 20,000, of
which 14,000 were negroes and only 6,000 were white.s — the proportion of deaths accord-
ing to color, being 946 colored to 4,204 whites, out of a total of loOOO, sick.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
323
the deposit nnd final disposition of garbage, ashes, offal, excreta, and debris
of every kind, have largely contributed to the saving and prohinging of
human life. The plague, the cholera, the small-pox, and other diseases
are no longer dreaded in Europe, or in our own country. The conditions
under which they once prevailed epidemically are not allowed to exist. The
result is a vast improvement, not only in the iiealth of the people, but in ihcir
strength and will to resist disease in any form. In England, in towns where,
before 1845, the average annual mortality was as forty -four in one thousand, it
has been reduced to twenty-ssven, and where it was thirty it has been reduced
to fifteen. In our own country — so far in advance of all others in its general
average of happiness, peace, content, cleanliness, and good food, and plenty of
it — the average of life is a special wonder to European vital statisticians. But
much yet remains to be done to reach the standard possible to a people who de-
sire to reach the highest limit of perfect sanitation. A national, the State and
the municipal Boards of Health must be clothed with almost absolute pow-
ers. The enforcement of national, State, and local quarantine must l)e com-
mitted to them. To them, too, must be given the oversight and selection of
street-pavements, the construction of sewers, the soil-pipe connections, and
plumbing and gas-fitting, the sweeping of streets, collection of garbage, and
disposition of the same, establishment of slaughter-houses, cheniical and other
manufactories, so as to prevent the poisoning of the waters of our rivers,
which should be sources of life, not death. They should, in a word, have
oversight, conti-ol, and direction of every thing calculated to preserve the
public health and advance the average of human life, and for that purpose
should be sustained by penalties, both of fine and imprisonment, equal to the
magnitude of the trusts reposed in them. Heretofore legislation has been
largely devoted to the material prosperity of the people. Let us now legis-
late to protect and save life. Until this is done we can not hope for that
immunity from epidemic diseases which quarantine it has been supposed could
insure. We must cease to rely upon the doctrine of chance as it is illustrated
at our quarantine stations, and if we can not have an international system of
quarantine, let us have the next thing to it — a quarantine that will defend
every mile of our coast on the Pacific as well as the Atlantic side of the con-
tinent, a quarantine that enforced by the national government will cover the
full period of forty days in every case, as less than that may let in persons or
goods already having the seeds of yellow fever, and therefore the seeds of a
possibly and probably malignant epidemic. The country thus sealed to
persons from infected placos, quarantine would have a fair trial, and
the theorists who oppose it would be silenced by its success, or be assured a
triumph by its failure. Prophylaxis, fires, gun-firing, disinfectants, all have
proved unavailing. Quarantine has sometimes (very often), as we have seen,
totally failed. If sanitation, enforced as above suggested, fail too, then
there is nothing between the people and death, but flight. They must
emigrate in a body from the places threatened. In case this becomes
necessary, on the appearance of yellow fever it should be enforced by
the establishment of the one-man-power, under a fearless, vigorous, and
/
324 A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
vigilant man, whose example of energy would become contagious, and
whose measures v.ould likely be such as would inspire confidence in his
intelligence, sagacity, and will. The example furnished by Count Greg-
ory Orlofi", sent by the Empress Catherine, in September, 1771, to stamp
out the plague,* then ravaging Moscow, is a case in point. The city had
been, for months, in a condition of chaos. Murder was rife, and the incen-
diary was plying his torch. The archbishop had been killed at the very
horus of the altar. The city, thus delivered to confusion and anarchy,
hailed Oi-loff's arrival with acclamation, and he deserved to be, for he attacked
the plague with such vigor that he overcame it. Drawing a number of sani-
tary cordons round Moscow, he maintained so strict a quarantine that eA'en the
dogs wliich ran iici oss his lines and the crows which flew over them were shot.
All popular gatherings were prohibited; no burials were allowed within tlie
city; and the faithful were even prevented from entering the churches, being
obliged to listen to divine service from without. Before Count Orloff's ar-
rival, the common people had shown a decided aversion toward the hospitals,
in which they were roughly treated and badly fed by coarse and ignorant med-
ical practitioners. OrlofF inspected the buildings set apart for the sufferers,
visited them fi-equently, and soon brought about a change greatly for the better
in the treatment of the patients. The number of daily deaths soon fell to 300,
and then became smaller and smaller until the plagne was stayed. Count Or-
loff was enabled, on Novembar 28th (O. S.), to leave Moscow rejoicing over a
clean bill of health. Such an example as this should not be lost sight of.
Had Memphis been governed by one such man in 1878, the mortality might
not have been halfso a2:>paUing as it wa?; and it is due to the energy and de-
termination of the Citizens' Relief Committee that it was not greater. That
: *Di-. E. D. Dickson, at present physician to the British Embassy at Constantinople, in a re-
cently prepared paper on the plague which again recently afflicted Russia, says, "that it began
to appear in the autumn, continued through the winter, and reached its acme of intensity in
tlie spring, and died out suddenly during the summer season. During the prevalence of
the plague the thermometer ranged between five and thirty degrees, and as the thermom-
eter increased from thirty to forty-five the epidemic began to diminish. The symptoms
— it^ glandular swellings, attacks of carbuncles, sanguineous diarrhcea, convulsive shakes
■ — were described in detail, and in regard to its treatment it was pointed out that there
was no instance on record of plague having been cut short by the administration of -sul-
phate of quinine. With regard to the contagion, Cabiadis who had had much personal
experience, held that tiie atmosphere which surrounded a person affected with the disease
was the true medium of transmission. With regard to tiie etiology of the plague, Dr.
Dickson acknowledged that the origin of plague, and the causes that brought it into
activity, were utterly unknown, and he disputed the idea that marsh-miasm might be the
exciting cause of it. The proximate cause which predisposed an attack of plagne during
an epidemic outbreak was poverty, and it was styled miseride morbus. The wealthy were
hardly ever attacked. Tiie prophylactic measures to be taken were tlie isolation of the
sick, the destruction by fire of their clothes, the whitewashing with lime, and the free
ventilation of their domiciles. Tlie cordon sanitaires were regarded as valuable in check-
ing the extension of the outbreak of the plague; but the practice adapted in Bagdad of
shutting up person-! smitten in their houses was condemned as leading to concealment,
and helping to intensify and propagate the evil it was intended to mitigate.
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
325
body, which gradually dwindled with the progress of the epidemic until it was
governed by oidy two of the survivors, made provision for the camps to which
so many owe their lives, policed the city, maintained the military organ-
izations, and sustained the city government, which was reduced to the mayor
or acting mayor and comptroller. Only heroic measures Avill do in such
an emergency, and only by the most arbitrary will, guided by the best intel-
ligence can it override the fear and dread that sits on every heart ; only a
supreme power can bring order out of chaos and compel obedience by the
citizen to laws which are enforced for his own safety. But better than
this terrible necessity, this last resort, is the ounce of prevention that
may kill the causes and so prevent an epidemic of yellow fever. This will be
found in the active intervention, as has already been stated, of national, State,
and local boards of health, composed of sanitarians* who have experience in
all that concerns human life in large cities. As the Homeopathic Commission
suggests, they " would enforce the frequent emptying and disinfection of water
closets, sewers, and all jjlaces containing putrescent matters, vegetable or animal.
They would see that no sacks of decaying coffee, or chaff in rice pits, or dead
animals, or any offensive matter was left exposed, so as to poison the atmosjihere.
They would prevent, so far as possible, the destruction of trees, and in every
way encourage their planting and growth. Above all, they would forbid the
upturning of the soil during the sj^ring and summer months, as epidemics of
yellow fever have followed such upturning at New Orleans, Natchez, and
Vicksburg, in such a manner as very strongly to suggest that the relation of
cause and effect existed between this exposure of the earth and the develop-
ment of the disease." They would see that cities were pro2ier!y diained, that
the gutters were regularly fluslied with fresh water, that the water-works system
itself was a prime source of health, and, that the ashes, garbage, vegetable
* Dr. J. P. Drnke, of Nashville, a distinguished liomeopathist, in this connection,
suggests that: "What the people of tiiis age and country desire, is not the aggrandize-
ment of any set, sect, or school of medical men, but such a knowledge of tlie yellow
fever and of Asiatic cholera, and other destructive epidemic diseases, as may enable them
to prevent tlieir visitations, oroverconie their attacks, by any means, orthodox or het-
erodox, new or old, in tiie hands of pliysician, nurse, or friend. Since the grocer-boy
and afterward pliilanthropist, Jolin Howard, and not a titled and arrogant doctor of med
icine, inaugurated the great prison-reform of the world ; and since tiie gentle Florence
Nightingale, and not an epauletted surgeon-general, led the greatest of all improvements
in the sanitary arrangements of army life; and since our own Miss Dix, and not a titled
medical superintendent, revolutionized the management of asylums for the insane, every
worker among sanitary facts, whether titled or untitled, 'regular or irregular,' man or
woman, must have a recognition and a voice in the health and life-saving efforts of tlie
public. The arrogance and exclusiveness, hitherto displayed by army surgeons and the
Amei ican Public Health Association, are not in keeping with tiie beneficial and scientfic
character of the work proposed, nor at all calculated to inspire confidence in what they may
say or do. When they enter the arena where stricken humanity struggles with the pesti-
lence, laying aside all prejudice and all sectarian hatreds, ready to gather facts from all
experiences, new or old, and to render praise where praise is due, to this preventive meas-
ure or that, this remedy or that, then will their coming be hailed with joy and their efforts
be crowned with some degree of success."
326
A HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
debris, sweepings of stores aud factories, excreta, and offal of whatever nature,
was cremated, and so placed beyond the possibility of injury. " Quarantine,"
says the Homeopathic Commission, "is a delusive security; home prevention
is the great desideratum. Aggregation of human beings is one of the factors of
yellow fever. Yellow fever germs always exist in New Orleans, and other
cities in a feeble and latent state, waiting to be aroused into activity by some
fortuitous combination of some or all the factors necessary to its vitalization.
New Orleans is notably the point of its development, and the center of its radi-
ating violence. Keep New Orleans in a perfect sanitary condition, and the
great valley of the Mississippi is safe. Let it lie in its present state for another
generation, and it will become a hot-bed of pestilence, which will dart its baneful
influence along the lines of rapid transit, and repeat in St. Louis and Chicago
the horrors which befell New York and Philadelphia in the last century."
APPENDIX.
(327)
THANKS TO ALL.
Resolved, That the Howard Association of Mempliis, speaking for the dead as well as the
survivors of the epidemic of 1878, witli hearts overflowing with gratitude, thanks all, every
one, who contributed in any way to the relief of our fever-stricken people, thanks the people
of the whole world who, with a generosity unsurpassed, relieved our necessities, and, witli a
sympatliy that never flagged, sustained us in our work.
Unanimously adopted, January 6, 1879.
(328)
APPENDIX.
Appended are the Reports of the President, Secretary and Treasurer, Medical Di-
rector, and Superintendent of the Nurse Department, of the Memphis Howard Associa-
tion, and of tlio survivor of the two niemhers of the Association — ( ien. W. J. Smith —
who went down to Grenada and lahoied tiiere until nearly the close of the epidemic,
their work being continued by Messrs. Bragga and Colien until tiie end. In present-
ing these reports, in justice to tliem, as well as for the information of the public, tlie
names of the members and ofKcers of the Iloward Association,* who served through
tlie epidemic of 1878, are given as follows :
A. D. Langstaff, President.
W. J. Smith, 1st Vice-Fres.; J. H. Edmondson, 2d Vice-Pres.; J. H. Smith, Secretary;
John Johnson, Treasurer.
'■' It is deemed proper here to append a synopsis of the report of the work done and receipts niid
disbursements of the Howard Association of New Orleans auiing the epidemic of 1S7S. The report of
the Howard Association, prepared and published in the New Orleans Democrat by the Secretary, Mr. F.
B. Southmayd, is a simple, straightforward, business-like account of their work, receipts, and expendi-
tures duriug tlie yello^v fever epidemic of the past autumn, but it forms a striking record of the dire
plague's rapid spread and fatal work, and of the boundless generosity that poured into the hands of
the Howards great sums of money for their noble work. But if the response to their demands was
munificent, their own deeds proved them worthy executors of such a trust. They labored with a zeal
and utter forgotfuhiess of self that is almost unparalleled in the history of epidemics, yet they are
able to show, with all tbe clearness of a banker's balance-sheet, to what use tliey put the money con-
fided to their care. The hope that the fever would be mild and of short duration was abandoned on
the 15th of August, and on the morning of the 17th the New Orleans newspapers published the How-
ards'appeal for help to begin their work. The sume morning their doors were open f(ir the relief of
the destitute sick, though they had not then a dollar in the treasury. But their appeal was quickly
answered, and, as the fever spread, funds began to pour in from outside the city and, as days passed,
from the whole North and South. Railroads and telegraph lines and steamboats were placed at their
free disposition ; and their numbers were increased by new members anxious to join the work. The
city of New Orleans was divided into 20 districts, and slates were hung up at convenient points where-
on applications from the destitute sick were written. Including members and physicinns, the work-
ing force of the association was 12-5 men, who.se time was entirely devoted to the sick and sufTeriug.
The total number of patients cared for by tlie Howards in New Orleans during the 71 days of the
fever's rage, from Aug. 17 to Oct. 2G, was '22,244; of these 5,132 were blacks and 1(1,112 whites. It
should be understood that this does not include all the cases occurring in the city, but only those
cared for by the Howards As sjine members only reported the first case in many families where
there were several cases, the total probably did not fall short of 24,000. Mr. Southmnyd's report
covers also the country towns and villages of a wide section of territory around New Orleans, where
assistance was rendered by the Howards. Thus, at Grenada they cared for 600 cases, at Holly Springs
for 900, at Plaquemine and Donaldsouville 1.000 each, and at nearly 50 other places for numbers rang-
ing from 10 to yso Tlio total cases attended outside the city were 11, 7r)0, making the grand total of
patients eared for by the New Orleans Howards, 35.750. Not the sick only, but the suffering appealed
to their humanity. Fully (50,00) destitute people w ere provided for by tliem during the prevalence of
the fever. Let the following table, sliowing the receipts of the Howards of New tirleans, and the
sources of the donations, tell tlie eloquent story of the unstinted giving that equipped them for their
work :
New York S82,ri37 01
Philadelphia '29.802 40
Boston 26.704 21)
Chicago .
New Orleans
Sail Fr incisco......
St. Louis
Brooklyn
Provideu ee..l
Springfield, Mass .
Meiiipliis.
23,024 SO
22,220 60
20,675 00
7,463 4')
3,816 (10
3,0'25 00
3,0.50 (10
2,716 94
Portland, Oregon 2,500 00
Pittsburg, Penn S-2,925 00
Milwankec. Wis 2.148 45
Indianapolis, Ind 2,400 00
Washington, D. C 2,101 .50
Ilartforii, Conn 1,861 .50
Cincinnati 1,513 50
Sivannah. (ia 1.500 00
Buflfalo, N. Y 1,500 00
Alhanv, N. Y 1.500 00
Columbus, (_ia 1.362 10
Louisville, Ky ],275 01
Mobile, Ala 1,146 30
Galveston, Texas $1,0.50 00
Richmond, Va 1,035 90
Charle ton, S. C 503 48
Baltimore, Md 460 00
Other parts of our coun-
try 117,.'07 .52
Liverpool and London. 7.875 00
Paris and France 4,780 96
Havana 1,009 13
Total .
3,449 93
The full table of disbursements given bv Secretarv Southmayd includes all moneys and supplies
used ill the city and sent to points outside. The following condensed table shows the amount of these
expenditures:
Receipts to date $383,449 93
(32d)
330 APPENDIX.
Executive Committee. — A. D. Langstaff, W. J. Smith, J. H. Edmondson, J. H. Smith,
John Johnson, W. A. Holt, P. W. Semmes, A. M. Stoddard, F. F. Bowen, T. R. Waring, J.
Kohlberg.
Auditing Committee. — F. F. Bowen, W. J. Smith, J. T. Moss.
Active Members. — A. D. Langstafi",t W. J. Smith, t J. H. Edmondson, J. H. Smith, t
John Johnson, A. M. Stoddard,! J. W. Cooper,t B. P. Anderson,* \V. D. McCallum,*
Louis Frierson,t D. G. Reahardt,t W. S. Rogers, F. F. Bowen, J. G. Lonsdale,* E. B.
Mansford," N. D. Menken," J. T. Moss,t S. M. Jobe,* R. P. Waring, J. Kohlbero-
Charles Howard,t J. W. Page,t T. R. Waring, P. W. Semmes,t AV. A. Holt,t E. B. Fos-
ter,® J. W. Heath, " Fred'k Cole,* A. F. C. Cook,* W. S. Anderson,! C. L. Stafler,t Wm.
Finnie.t
Honorarij Members. — Dr. Luke P. Blackburn, Louisville, Ky.; Major W. T. Walthall,
Mobile, Ala.; P. A. Ralston, Richmond, Va.: S. F. Cameron, Baltimore, Md.; Rev. W.
E. Boggs, D. D.,t Rev. S. Landrum, D. D.,t Rev. E. C. Slater, D. D.,* Capt. P. K. Athey.t
J, J. Busby, Memphis, Tenn.
PRESIDENT A. D. LANGSTAFF'S REPORT.
Memphis, January 6th, 1879.
To the Members of the Howard Association, Memphis, Tenn. :
Gentlemen,— Since our last quarterly meeting this Association has again been called
into active service, to relieve the distressed and fever-stricken people of this city and of
the surrounding country. The labors that the members performed during this term of
service is well known to us who have survived. In justice, however, to the memory of
our brothers who died, and for the information of those who may hereafter become
members of our Association, I submit to you the following brief report.
On Sunday morning, August 11th, our city was startled by a series of tele-
grams from Grenada, Miss., announcing that yellow fever had broken out there in a
malignant form. A telegram to our secretary, from the mayor of Grenada, asking for
assistance, met with a ready response. He immediately advised with several of our
members.
True to the purposes of our Association, trtie to their records as Howards in the
epidemic of 1873, W. J. Smith and Butler P. Anderson promptly volunteered to answer
in person this cry of distress. They went by special train, taking with them several
nurses and accompanied by Dr. R. F. Brown, Secretary of the Memphis Board of Health.
The telegram that was received from them soon after their arrival in Grenada read as
follows : " Yellow fever, and no mistake : sixty cases and five deaths to-day." Thi.s
intelligence confirmed the report of the morning.
EXPENDITURES.
Howard Association, New Orleans $278,850 15
Other assopiiitioiis, New Orleans 8,481 22
Country points:
Doctors $20,018 50
Nurses 31.871 95
Money and supplies 40,964 01
92,854 46
BALANCES.
Pittsburs; orphan fund $1,800 00
Chieago special fund 800 00
Reserved for claims in suits, printing report, etc 664 10
3,264 10
Total , $383,449 93
The amount received up to September 12th, and advices of further sums to come were so numer-
ous, that the Association judged it wise to send out notice that they were amply supplied, and tliat no
more contributions would he needed. The rapid and unexpected spread of the disease after that date,
however, compelled other appeals for help. The call was answered in such a manner as to leave them
unfettered lor their work, and to allow of their distrihulinp; a certain sum among the physicians who
had aided them without fee thus far. With a word of n ply to some unmanly calumnies upon the As-
sociation, cquallv false and malicious, and against whieh thev need no defense here at the North,
Mr. Southmayd closes his report by expressing the gratitude of the Howards for the divinely inspired
charity which enabled them to ciirry on their worlc.
* Died of yellow fever during the epidemic of 1S78.
t Members who had the fever, during the epidemic of 1878, and recovered.
APPENDIX.
331
Monday morning brought more telegrams from ( Jreiiada, all telling us the painful news
that the disease was spreading rapidly, and asking for more nurses, medical siqiplies, and
disinfectants, which were forwarded at once. Our Association met the same day and took
such action as was necessary to render further aid to Grenada, if called for, and to provide
ways and means to assist any of our own citizens who might be attacked by the disease,
a visitation of which was becoming hour by hour more inevitable. "While that first
meeting was progressing dispatches were received from Smith and Anderson of a still
more alarming character than those previously received. Anderson had tried l)y pulilic
speech to quiet the people of Grenada, who w'ere fleeing from their homes as if pursued
by a monster ready to devour them, .\ided by a few who remained, he and ISinitli be-
gan operations. P or a complete report of their operations I refer you to the report of
W. J. Smith. How nobly they fulfilled the mission of mercy and charity which they
had entered upon, how calmly and earnestly they acted in that trying ordeal, is a very
prominent part of the history of the epidemic of 1878. They labored until attacked by
the disease. Well do we remember the night whoi W. .J. Smith returned to us on his
bed, before rising from which he almost died. Butler P. Amlerson continued at Gre-
nada until he too had to succumb to the disease. As he could not bo brcjught lionie, we
hour by hour waited for information as to his condition. In a few days, altliougli at-
tended by his wife and receiving every attention to promote his recovery, he yielcle<l up
his si)irit to the God wjio gave it.
Tills Association may well be proud of having such members to represent them.
While they were battling with the pestilence in Grenada, we at home were allowed
to be at rest. At our first meeting, .Vugust l.Sth, the ff)Uowing members answered to the
roll-call: .J. G. L(msdale, Sr., Edw'd .Mansford, E. B. Foster, A.M.Stoddard, W. S.
Eogers, W. A. H(dt, P. M. Semmes, T. 11. Waring, ,1. H. Smith, .J. II. Edniondson, F. F.
Bowen, J. W. Cooper, a.id A. D. Langstaft'. Tiie following memliers were ehcted after-
wards, during the epidemic, and assigned to dutv : N. I). Menken, W. I). Mct'allum, \.
F. C. Cook, S. M. .lobe, .1. M. Heath, Fred'k Cole," J. W. Page, Wm. Finnic, C. L. Statler.
D. G. Reahardt, J. Kohlberg, Charles Howard, John T. Moss, R. P. Waring, Lewis S.
Frierson, and W. S. Anderson. At our meeting August 14th, John Johnson, who had,
since 1873, been an honorary member, was elected an active number and su]jerintendent
of the nurse department. The wisdom of our choice was shown afterward by the faith-
ful performance of the very responsible duties of that dcjiartinent.
t)n -August 13th the President of the Board of Health ])nblislicd the first case of
yellow fever, the victim being Mrs. Bionda. .4.11 hopes that our city would be spared
from the disease were banished by us, and all things necessary for active service were
provided as rajsidly as possible. Our people, like those of Grenada, became panic-
stricken, and fled from the city as rapidly as possible. Future events jjrove that had
they gone less promptly our Association would have been paralyzed in endeavoring to
nurse them, and all of us would have dieel. On August 15th the first nurse was placed
on duty; then began what afterwards culminated in the most terril)le anel deadly epi-
demic that our Association has been calleel upon to combat. All business, save that
pertaining to the relief of the distressed, soon ceased. Pleasant carriages and mer-
chants' drays were replaced on our streets by funeral carriages and hearses. The fever,
from which none then seemeel to recover, invadeel the homes of all. Death, with rapiel
strides, marcheel through our streets, leaving victims everywhere. He was, indeed, the
king.
On August 19th two physicians were employed by the Association, which nund)er
was increased on the 20tli to five. On August 27th the Howard Medical ('or]is was es-
tablished, with R. W. Mitchell as Medieval Director, who at oue'e jjroeeeded to organize
his department, to promptly provide meelieal attention to the stricken.
To him, personally, and to the physicians, both abroad and at home, who were mem-
bers of the Howard Medical Corps, is great praise and honor due from us, and from the
citizens of Memphis. Many of tiiem sacriliced their lives in the discharge of their
duties. For a full report of this department I refer you to the report of tlie Medical
Director, herewith submitted. By a vote of your cKccutive committee, .1. G. Lonsdale,
Jno. Johnson, and .1. II. Edmondson, were ajijiointed, on .\ugust loth, a committee to
confer with the city authorities relative to sending our patients to the City Hospital.
The arrangement was perfected. Within five days other hospitals had to be provided.
By elirection of the executive committee I obtained possession of Market-street School-
house, and at once had seats and desks removed, and, with the assistance of Major W.
T. Walthall and others, had it ready for the ree^eption of jiatients. In three days it was
filled. ()ther hospitals or infirmaries were immediately opened. 1 resjiectfully call
your special attention to that part of the report of the Medical Diree^tor referring te) the
organization of a National Ilowarel Association, for the purposes set forth therein.
Little did we anticipate, in the early days of the eiiidemic, that it would assume the
proportions that it afterwards did assume: that citizens would die at the rate of five
332
APPEXDIX.
and six score per day; that instead of providing two hundred or three hundred persons
with nurses and assistance, we would provide for twice as many thousands; that our
expenses would be ten thousand instead of five hundred dollars per day; nor did we
anticipate that the surrounding towns would be stricken with the fever, that our Associ-
ation would be called upon to distribute to them, by donations of money and provisions,
by supplying them with physicians and nurses, and by having relief trains on the
several railroads leading out of Memphis. Relief was furnished to the neighboring
towns to the amount of about forty thousand dollars. More would have been furnished
them, to have enabled them to fully pay all their indebtedness, but they did not advise us
of the amounts needed, although asked to do so in several instances, until we had noti-
fied the world not to send us further funds, and not until our own funds liad become nearly
exhaust^d. To enable us to meet all these expenditures, amounting to more than §600,000,
a generous people furnished the means. From every hamlet in our land, fi'om countries
separated from us by thousands of miles of ocean, from the orphan and the widow, from
rich and poor, from white and black, came the aid to help us. Let us not forgtt, brother
Howards, that our Association has not, during this epidemic, made an ajjpeal for aid: it
came to us without the necessity of an appeal. We ought to, and do feel gratified that
an appreciative pjople had not forgotten our previous record. AVhcrever the name of
our Association is known, that it is respected and honored. There is no organization, so
far as known, that is as purely charitable as ours. All applicants for aid are the same
to us, whether rich or poor, white or black, saint or sinner. If I had to choose between
ours and any other association, I would prefer to be a Howard. Eemembering the many
kind words that have been said to us, and of us_ for our efForts in relieving the distrcsi-ed
since August 12th, we have reason to feel that said efForts have been appreciated. Our
hearts are sad, however, for we must at all times, and particularly when gathered
together on such occasions as the present, remember our absent brothers, who have given
their lives, and who are now sleeping in the tomb. I here record their names: Butler
P. Anderson, John G. Lonsdale, >Sr., Edward B. Foster, Edward J. Mansford, J. W.
Heath, W. D. McCallum, Nathan D. Menken, Samuel M. Jobe, A. F. C. Cook, Fred Cole.
But a few days ago they were with us, and were ever ready to assist the distressed.
They more than fulfilled God's command "Love thy neighbor as thyself," for they
proved, day after day, that they loved their neighbor more than themselves. The records
of our Association show that I am the only survivor of the little band that organized
this Association, for work in 1867, who now belongs to it. All are dead, except three.
These dead brothers well knew, before they entered upon the field of duty, that they
went with their lives in their hands. They faced greater danger than the soldier on the
field of battle. They did not thus endanger their lives cither for their own glory, or for
the glory of any church or nation. Their hearts were moved with a sympathy and jiity,
the depth of which all people appreciate, yet few personall}' understand, for their sufi'er-
ing fellow-beings who had become the victims of the fever. That their good deeds may
not be forgotten, but serve to inspire those for whom they labored so well to do likewise,
I respectfully suggest that a committee be appointed to solicit subscriptions, from the
citizens of Memphis, for the erection of a suitable monument to their memory, in the
Howard lot, in Elmwood Cemetery, where they are buried. I must not forget here to
remeniljer the worthy actions of several of our honorary members, who labored by our
sides with a devotion second to none of us. To Eev. W. E. Boggs, in particular, who
was more closely identified with us, and acting under our orders, am I pleased to make
mention. I desire also to record the organization, by Gov. Alex. Shepherd, of Wasli-
ington, of the relief boat "Chambers,"* which left our sister city, St. Louis, early in
October, laden with supplies for the yellow fever sufTerers along the Mississippi River.
When a commander was needed for this expedition, Lieut. H. H. Benner, of the United
States Army, promptly volunteered, as did also Lieut. Chas. S. Hall, of the 13th U. S.
Infantry, and H. M. Keys, assistant surgeon of the same army, to accompany him.
The ofiicers and others, who with them formed (he officers and crew of the Steamer
Chambers, are worthy of the most lasting remembrance for their unselfish devotion to
-The National Relief-boat Chambers, sent out by the Relief Committee of Washington, of which
ex-Gov. Alex, gliephercl was President, steamed from St. Louis, whore it was fitted up, with a cnrgo
consisting of about one hundred and fifty tons of ice. between two and three h\indred tons of provis-
ions, clothing, and medical stores. As tli'e crew of this steamer was composed of what may be desig-
nated a little band of lieroes on a journey into the jaws of deatli, it is deemed appropriate to give their
names, whieli are appended as follows:" Lieutenants Benner and Hall, in charge of ttie expedition ;
Surgeon Keys, United States Army, latelv in charge of the Marine Hospital, Viclcsburg, in charge of the
medical stores; Dr. Frank W. Reiliv, vepresenling the Chicago Relief Committee ; Charles S. Snyder,
St. Lonis telegraph operutur: Captain V. M. Yore, master of the steamer; L. A. Haines, clerk : Tliomas
Wetzelr, mate; Charles Duffy and George Langcll, pilots; Wm. Shepard, first, and John Williams,
second engineers. Bisides there were twelve deck-hands and cabin-boys. W. S- Kessler. dru.sgist;
Horace L. Hyde, newspaper correspondent ; H. Miilford, carpenter; Robert J. Matchman, steward ; J.
W. Dalton, w" -itehman. There was a total of forty souls on board.— J. >f. K.]
APPENDIX.
333
suffering humanity. They visited our city, as they descenrlcd the river, and offered us
assistance; we, liowever, did not need it, and tliey continued their journey. All along
the river vvliere assistance was needed they gave it. While lying in front of Vicksburg,
Lieut. Benner, the commander, and one of the engineers were attacked by the fever and
died, tiius adding two more names to the already long list of those who had given their
lives in their efforts to save the lives of their fellow-nien. Wliether or not the names of
H. ?I. Benner and the engineer be written on shafts of marble or storied urn, they will
not be forgotten by the people of tlie South, or by the world.
Towards the close of September re[ieated and urgent calls came to us for phvsi-
cians, nurses, and medicines, from the towns along the railroads, and who therefore had
until then felt secure against a visitation of the fever. To many of these we jironijitly
responded. While going to Brownsville, early in October, I made inquiries at tlie sev-
eral depots at which we stopped, and learned that the fever had broken out in nearly all
of them, and that persons were dying — had died, and remained unburied — to whom, in
some instances, no assistance had been rendered. The physicians in these and other
country towns, with a few exceptions, reniained at tlreir post of duty, and many of them
died while attending to their duties. Then it was I saw the necessity of establishing
relief trains, which might leave Memphis each morning with physicians, nurses, medi-
cines, etc., which trains would stop at each depot long enough to enable the phvsicians
to visit the atillcted and leave with them nurses and suiijilies. The following telegram
to Mr. 11. A. Montgomery, Superintendent of the Louisville and Memphis Railroad —
" People sick, suffering, and dying, at almost every depot between liere and Mem-
phis, for want of physicians and metlicine. Can give them attention promptly, and
probably save lives, if you can furnish our Association with locomotive and liaggage-
car, which, leaving Memphis in the morning with physicians, etc., shall stop — say one
or two hours — on side track to attend to wants of sick at each depot, which we can not
furnish without your assistance. The life of your agent at Withe and Mason might
have been saved by attention. If necessary to pay, please state amount per day. Fever
will continue to frost — say fifteen (15) days. W'e all appreciate your past generosity.
Answer here. A. D. Langstaff, Pres't Memphis Howard Association" —
met with this prompt and favorable response :
"To A. D. Langstaff, PrcsH Howard Aiisocialion, Brouiifiille, Term.:
"Yes, sir, we will furnish you an engine and coach and express-car at anytime,
and as often as desired, to bring out medical assistance and supplies, free of cost. W'ill
you not please extend trips as far north as Paris and Erin? Much suffering at tiiese
two points, and especially at Paris. We will gladly give you any assistance in our
power. Please answer, and when you will want to leave Memphis on first trip.
" James Montgomery."
In a few days the first train left jMemphis. Similar trains were furnished with equal
promptness by Sup't John A. Grant, of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, and by
Sup't Burke, of the Mississippi and Tennessee Railroad. In organizing and running these
trains, which were of great benefit, I was very ably assisted by W. .1. Smitli, 1st Vice-
President; .L H. Edmondson, 2d Vice-President ; P. W. Semmes, William Finnic, and
others : and to the piiysicians accompanying the trains, to the ofiicers and employe's of the
railroads throughout the whole land, to the steamboat, express, and telegra{)h companies,
and to their employes particularly ; and last, but not by any means least, to the press of
our city, and to the press everywhere, are we under the most weighty obligations.^ I
would respectfully suggest that a committee be appointed for the purpose of expressing
by resolutions the gratitude of the Association to all outside of its ranks who, by deed,
word, or work, aided or assisted us in the performance of our sacred mission. For par-
ticulars as to receipts and expenditures I refer you to the reports eif the Secretary and
Treasurer, and for ].)artleulars in regard to tlie nurse department I refer you to the super-
intendent of that department, which reports are herewith submitted.
In e^onclusion, In-others, I desire to sincerely thank you for your cheerful readiness
in assisting me throughout the recent epidemic. I will always remember how devoted
you have been to your principles as Howards, how kind and generous you have been
to lae. Very respectfully,
A. D. LANGSTAFF, Pnddent, Memphis Ilvicard Association,
334
APPENDIX.
SECRETARY'S REPORT FOR 1878.
To the President, Directors, and Members of the Howard Association of Memphis, Tenn.:
Brethren, — I submit for your consideration the following as my report of the late
epidemic, together with such collateral observations as seemed pertinent under the cir-
cumstances: and for whatever deficiencies may appear therein, either in manner or mat-
ter, I appeal to the same kind indulgence that has characterized your action toward me
heretofore, asking you to remember the present pressure of my other and unavoidable
obligations.
It is a melancholy duty to review the work and events of the last few months, and
to contemplate the scenes and trials through whicli we were called to pass. The preva-
lence of the late pestilence constitutes the most mournful and thrilling period of our
city's history — a period so tragic and awful that its memory now seems like a strange
troubled dream. None, save those who witnessed it, can for a moment realize the dread-
ful power and fatal swiftness of the jilague of 1878. It was the herald of danger, the
carnival of sufiering, and the triumph of death. No language however graphic and no
imagination however fertile can give any adequate description of the terror of its pres-
ence, the cruelty of its destruction. Its appearance spread consternation, like a tempest,
and its touch diffused suffering, like a deadly poison. The young and the old, the weak
and the strong, the evil and the good, the beautiful and the brave, all alike went down
bensath the fatal breath of tha unseen destroyer. It stemcd as if the very genius of des-
olation was in our midst, and with no formidable power to stay his mighty havoc. But
relying upon the succor and pity of divine Providence, and armed with the assistance ren-
dered us by the generous people of our entire country, we made (with all humility) the best
and bravest fight we could. And now tliat the battle is over and our dead buried, thanks
be to God that it is over, «^id for our preservation amid the perils of the conflict. And
though we emerge from the struggle weary with toil, torn with trials and sore with sor-
row, we can but rejoice in the freedom from pestilence, in the blessing of health, in the
comfort of hope, in the association of friends returned, anel in the pleasing conscious-
ness of duty done.
The first call upon our Association came by telegraph, August 11th, 1878, from the
mayor of Grenada, Miss., appealing for immediate help. On receipt of this information
1 at once sought our 1st Vice-President, Gen. W. J. Smith (our President then being ab-
sent from the city), and he and I, witii the assistance of owv late beloved brethren, But-
ler P. Anderson and Edwin B. Foster, in a few hours collected seven of our nurses of
1873, and had every thing in readiness for immediate departure, when, thanks to the
kindness of Col. Burke, Sup't of the M. & T. R. E., a train was soon speeding its way to
that stricken city with nurses and general supplies. Gen. Smith and Maj. Anderson
volunteered to go to the relief of that people, now already panic-stricken and flying for
safety.
On the following day numerous telegrams were received from that place, telling us
of the malignancy of the fever and the needs of the stricken. Additional nurses and
supplies were daily forwarded as their wants requireel. Our Association had in the
meantime convened, and commenced preparing to meet the terrible ordeal whicli all felt
assured we would soon be calleel to encounter at home. As rapidly as possible every
thing was put in reaeliness for the expected issue. Locations for hospitals were selected ;
a nurse elepartment was organized, and the Hon. John Johnson, an honorary member of
1873, was elected an active member, and made superintendent of this department, which,
under his able and efficient management, was soon in an active and good working condi-
tion. And for full information in this department, reference is made to the report of its
superintendent, herewith filed.
Our Board of Health established a rigid quarantine against New Orleans and
Grenada; but it was stealthily evaded, and parties from the infected localities made
their way into the city, and it was soon announced that yellow fever was in our midst.
This announcement spread terror throughout the community. Fear and despair were
written in the face of men. The people became panic-stricken, and rushed, by thousands.
APPEXDIX.
I.J.)
to tli2 various railway depots to escape tlio dread destroyer. Here the v.'ildest and most
unreasonable excitement prevailed — women wept and begged, and men cursed and
fought, in their etlbrts to be first. Every inch of available room in the cars would be
occupied, and, as the train moved out, ordinary dangers seemed to have no terror; anil
men would leap ujion the platform, or cling, swinging, to whatever olTered a hand-liulil.
In this, the liour of their dread, many abandoned their homes without preparation, simie
tiieir baggage, and others forgot tliat they had any at all. Friend fcn-got friend, and
kindred forgot kindred, in their wild struggle for self-preservation. The scenes at these
depots, for some days, defy description; wliile people on foot and in every character of
vehicle could be seen Hying to the country in all directions. May a recurrence of such
a calaniit}*, of such heart-rending scenes, never again be witnessed here! It is estimated
that more than thirty-tive thousand of our people fled, seeking safety in all parts of the
country.
Tlie entire force of our Association was at once called into active duty, and all who
remained to share /yo(cr fate, will bear testimony to the faithful manner in which yon
thougiit, felt, and laljored for others both by day and night, in storm and snnshinv,
and without complaint. The membership of our Association being so inadequate to the
demands of the sick, a call was made for volunteers, and was j)r(iniptly responded to by
the following noble-hearted men: Nathan D. Menken, W. I). McC'allum, A. F. C. Cook.
D. G. Eeahart, C. L. Staffer, Jno. T. Moss, Fred. Cole, Samuel M. Jobe, Lewis S. Frier-
son, J. W. Heath, .J.W.Page, Chas. Howard, W. S. .'Vndersim, Jacob Kohlberg, "\Vm.
Finnic, and R. P. Waring, .Jr., who were elected active members, and at once assigned
to duty. The Rev. Drs. W. E. Boggs, S. Landrum, iind E. C. Slater, also Phil. R. Athey.
were elected honorary members, and did most noljle and eflicicnt work until themselves
were stricken down. Out of a maximum membersliip of thirty-two, during the conta-
gion, twenty-six were stricken down, and of that nnmljer ten of our best and bravest
died. The heart grows sad and the eye dim as we contemplate the deeds and fate of
these noble heroes. They did their duty and they did it well. They perished in the
great cause of humanity, going down in a voluntary struggle witli death while lighting
him at the bed-side of others. " Greater love than this hath no man, that he lay dov, n
his life for anotlier." But a full history of their brave deeds and noble self-sacritice 1
leave to abler and wortliier hands than mine. Peace to their shades, honor to their
memories !
I here present a complete roll nf our membership, show'ing those who had the fevi_r,
those who recovered, those who died, and those who escaped entirely:
A. D. Langstafl', President, had fever in 18fi7, taken again Sept. 12th, recovered.
W. .J. Smith, 1st Vice-I'resident, taken at Gren.ada, Aug. 22d, recovered.
J. H. Edmondson, 2d Vice-President, escaped, had fever in 1805.
J. H. Smith, Secretary, had fever in 18C7, taken again Oct. 11th, recovered.
J. G. Jjonsdale, Sr., Treasurer, died with fever at Aleniphis, Oct. 1st.
John Jolinson, Superintendent of Nurses, esc;iped, had fever in 1873.
Butler l-*. Anderson, died with fever at (Grenada, Sept. 1st.
Edwin B. Foster, died with fever at ISIeniphis, Sept. loth.
liilward .r. Mansford, died with fever at ISIemphis, Sept. 1st.
F. F. Bowen, escaped, had fever in 1847.
A. M. Stoddard, taken at Raleigh, Sept. 20th, recovered.
P. W. Semmes, taken at Memphis, Sept. 'Jth, recovered.
W. H. Holt, taken at Memphis, Aug. 31st, recovered.
W. S. Rogers, escaped, had fever in 1873.
J. W. Cooper, taken Aug. 27tli, at Mempiiis, recovered.
T. R. Waring, escaped.
N. D. Menken, died at Memphis, Sept. 2d.
W. D. McCallum, died at Memphis, Sept. 16th.
A. F. C. Cook, died at Memphis, Sept. 8th. »
Fred. Cole, died at Memphis, Sept. 9th.
S. M. .Jobe, died at Memphis, Oct. 4th.
J. W. Heath, died at Memphis, .Sept. 17th.
Jno. T. Moss, taken at Memjdiis, Se]>t. l.">th, recovered.
D. G. Reahart, taken at ]\Iem|diis, Sc|it. 2-')tii, recovered.
C L. Staffer, taken at Mempiiis, Sept. !)th, recovered.
I.', S. Frierson, taken at Memphis, vSejit. 10th, recovered.
J W. Page, taken at Memphis, Sept. 18th, recovered.
Chas. Howard, taken at Memphis, Sept. l.')th, recovered.
Wm. Finnic, taken at Memphis, Aug. 22d, recovered.
W. S. Anderson, taken at Memphis, Sept. 28th, recovered.
Jacob Kohlberg, escaped.
R. P. Waring, escaped.
336
APPENDIX.
Honorary Members:
Kev. W. E. Boggs, D. D., taken Sept. 26th, recovered.
Kev. S. Landrum, D. D., taken Sept. 15th, recovered.
Rev. E. C. Slater, D. D., died Sept. 10th, at Memphis.
Chief of Police P. E. Athey, taken Aug. 31st, recovered.
From the foregoing statement you will see that near one third of our entire number
died at their posts. The language of eulogy can not exaggerate the calm courage,
splendid energy, and noble service of these brave men in behalf of this aiflicted people.
The Rev. Dr. Slater was added to the list of martyrs, and now sleeps with his fathers,
while his memory grows brighter and more beautiful with the praise and blessings of
those he loved, and those who loved him.
A medical department was organized by our Association early in the epidemic, and
Dr. R. W. Mitchell, with whose conspicuous service the whole country is alreadv
familiar, was elected medical director. And for a full report of the services of the
gallant, untiring, and self-sacrificing men composing this department, reference is made
to the report of Dr. Mitchell, herewith filed. On behalf of our Association, I would
here return our heartfelt thanks to the medical department for countless courtesies
shown, and for their prompt compliance with every call, by day or night, made upon it by
us in behalf of the sick and distressed. And I can not forget, here, to ofter my personal
and profoundest thanks to that learned and accomplished gentleman, Dr. J. T. McFar-
land, of Savannah, Georgia, to whose skill and attention I feel that I chiefly owe my
own recovery from an attack of the fever.
Supply stores were established as promptly as practicable in different parts of the
city, as the wants of the people demanded, and at which every thing necessary for either
the sick or destitute was furnished upon proper requisitions of the members or physi-
cians. The great benefit, indeed the indispensability of these, was soon apparent, for in
a few days almost every business establishment in the city was closed, and the people,
consequently, were left dependent, in a great degree, on the Howard stores for necessary
supplies of all kinds. I regret that I am unable to give a full and perfectly accurate
report of all the supjjlies sent us by kind and sympathizing friends from all parts of the
country. Owing to the fact that the force in my office was .«o reduced by the fever, it
was impossible to keep closely up with the receipts. At one time, out of a force of
seven, I had but two left on duty. I endeavored earnestly to keep a true and correct
record of every donation received. Yet I fear, owing to the sickness of myself and
assistants, and to the immense amount of work daily to be done, some errors or omis-
sions may appear in the account; and should our friends discover any, we will thank
them to p.oint them out and we will take pleasure in making the correction. I would
gladly give the name of each donor, and article of supplies, but it would encumber the
report of donations to an indefinite length, as they are numbered by hundreds. I think
that special mention is due to S. Lester Taylor, Esq., Treasurer of Cincinnati Southern
Relief Committee, and J. H. Lindenberger, Chairman of Louisville Clearing House
Committee, for their prompt kindness in filling all requisitions drawn upon them, and
often even anticipating our wants. I herewith hand you report of donations of money
received, to which I refer you for full particulars. I also present herewith my report of
expenditures, showing amount paid for nurses, physicians, supplies, etc., to which your
attention is especially invited.
I have also prepared, with much labor, a complete list of the names, as far as could
be ascertained, of all our citizens who died during the late epidemic.
And now, before closing, I desire to return thanks to the officers of the Southern
Express Company, to the officers of the Western Union Telegraph Company, to the
officers of the Memphis and Louisville, the Memphis and Charleston, and Mississippi
and Tennessee Railroads, for yiany and great favors shown us, and especially to Col. M.
Burke of the latter road.
And to you, bi-ethren, I make my acknowledgments for many acts of courtesy and
kindness to me while in the discharge of the duties of my office, and especially to Gen.
W. J. Smith, 1st Vice-Pres., who took charge of my office during my sickness. I would
also return my special thanks to Messrs. J. R. Ray, Thos. F. Sneed, C. H. Haight, J. E.
Miller, W. S. McCloy, Ira Trout, D. W. Coan (clerks), for the faithful manner in which
they conducted themselves through the ordeal that " tried men's souls." May a happy
life and fair fortunes be theirs.
And now, to the generous people (God bless them !) of this entire country, and to
the good and charitable of the Old World, who did not forget us, for their timely succor
in the dark hour of our affliction, we tender, in the spirit of sacred sincerity and broth-
erly love, our unspeakable thanks and everlasting gratitude.
Yours truly, J. II. SMITH, Sccretan/.
APPEKDIX.
337
ARKANSAS.
Aug. 27— Citizens of Searev Sim 50
29— CoI'd Masons' Lod!!e,N().2,Lit.Rrn;k 25 00
29— Howard Association, Little Rocli... To 00
30— Ma,i. Jno. D. Adams, Littk' Koclc... 100 00
;W— E. L. Watson, .lacksonport 20 00
ol— Citizens of Hopefltild 28 (iO
31— Citizens of FuUon 32 50
31— Citizens of Augusta 112 35
S?ept. 1- Howard Ass'n.thro'L W.Cox.Cas'r. 500 00
2— Citizens of Osceola, for Grenada... 37 05
2— BatesviUe Chapter. It, A. M 74 .50
2— CitiZLMis of Mariana 71 (lo
8— C. M. Neal, Pine Bluft' no flO
4— J. A Matthews, Ozark 10 00
-1— Citizens of Alma .55 00
4 — Citizens of ClarUsville 140 OO
4— How.ird Association, Little Roek... 300 (10
4— J. Merrill, Pine Bluff 50 00
6— Citizens of Dardanelle 23 00
6— Citizens of Washington 31 fiO
«5— P. Irwin, Des Are .50 00
6— Citizens of Carlisle 61 ,50
6— Cit zeiis of Preseo(t 12 ,50
«-SpringSt. M. E. Ch., Little Rock... 7 00
6— Citieens of Van Bureu 170 00
a— Ladies & eliildren of .lacksonport. 60 00
9- Be!l Point Lodse, F. & A. M HO 00
10— Citizens of Arkadelphia 16 00
10— M. E. Church, South Dardanelle... .50 00
10— Howard Association, Little Rock.. 3.50 00
10— Cave Hill Masonic L'dae.Boonsboro .50 00
11— Guest of G. C. Hotel, Hot Springs... 25 00
11— Citizens of Atkins... 120 00
11 — C'itizens of Conway 72 65
11 — Miss Irene Boease" Pine Bluff. 5 .50
12— Proceeds of Festival, Augusta 168 00
13— Howard Association, Little Rock.. 300 00
13— E. .1. MeGaroc, Pecan Point 100 00
13— Proceeds of Festival. Fort Smith... 204 35
13— Citizens of Hot Springs 200 00
16— Citizens of Pine Blufr lOO 00
10-H. H. Hunn, Pine Bluff. lOO 00
16— Ozark Methodist Sunday SehooL... 14 .50
16— Union Praver Meetins, C'amden.... 78 00
16— Crystal Lodge, K. of H.,Hot Spr'gs. 25 00
10— Citizens of Russellville 68 00
16— Howard Association, Little Rock.. 75 0,1
16 — Ladiesof Hope 115 .33
17— Citizens of Ozark 17 00
n— Citizens of Pr..'Scott 53 00
17— Cotton Blossom Jlinstrels, of Hope 35 00
18— Kyle A Cass Id y. Prescott 50 00
18-.Iames A. Payne, Jaeksouport 20 00
18— Baptist Church, Forrest City 20 00
19— St, .lames Church. Pre-^cott 6 35
20— H. H. Hunn, Cashier. Pine Bluff.. 316 00
20-U. Bros. Friendship, Pine BlutT... 10 00
20— M. E. Church of Little Rock 30 00
20— 8 little girls of Searcy 40 00
21— Citizens of Montieeilo 78 00
21— Presbyterian S. S.. Dardaiielle 8 .50
21— Citizens of BatesviUe 100 00
23— Citizens of ('onwav .55 .50
23— Young ladies of Pine BUifF 107 00
23— .lohn O'Connell, Pine Bluff .50 00
23— Little girls of Fayetteville 15 .50
2.3— Cit zens of Bentonville 45 .55
24— Presbyterian Church of Camden... 61 25
24— M. M. Maguire, Dardanelle 15 00
24^olored citizens of Augusta 10 LO
Sept.
Oct.
Dec.
25— Order Royal Arcanum. Hot Sp'es,...S 25 cO
25— Howard Association. Little Rock., lid (lO
25— Union .Salibalh .«chool. Oznrk 17 do
26— Musical Club of Fayetteville 75 i 0
27— Annie Jlay and iilavmates, L.Rock 2 .50
27— Trinity. Sabliatli School, Viin Buren 15
27— Colored Temperance Union. " 10 00
28— Episcopal Sali. School, Van Buren. 5 ( 0
28— Ciiip.ens of Bradley County ].5ii oil
28— Citizens of Quitman u 10
28 — Relief Committee of Dover 35 SO
29— Colored citizens of Fort Smith 11 05
29— J- W. White, nardanelle 7 55
1— Colored Sab. School. Pine Bluff..... 5 20
1- -W. Walker. Cincinnati lo oo
'3— Citizens of Clarendon 10 CO
3— citizens of LfX'ksburg , -i-i 0:1
4— Howard As.sociation^ Little Rock., loo
.5— D. B. Elliott iV- ( o.. Hot Springs.... 112 75
7— Presbyterian Sab. S., Pine Blufi".... 10 tiO
7— Childi-en's Pub. School, Rell Grove 5 00
10— Sympathizers, Little Rock 2 lit
10— I'nioii Sab, School ot Malvern 20 00
22— Relief Committee of Warren 38 ',15
20 — Cil izpiis of Mineral Syirintrs 21 00
12- Dr. C;. B. Jlalone, Indian Bay 10 10
12— Wm. H Boyce, Indian Riy 5 co
12— H. L. Silverman & Co., Indian Bay lO 01)
Total 56,690 :;7
AltlZOXA.
Xov. 11— Mrs. G.H.Wicks, Prescott Barracks S5 00
AS>ABAMA.
Aug. 24— Citizens of Hnntsville, Madison
I. O. O. F SPO 00
24— Citizens of Huntsville, Madison
I. O. O F., for Grenada .30 0{t
26-Cant-get-awav Club, Mobile 300 00
26 -Citizens of Decatur 40 45
26— Citizens of Stephenson 15 15
26— Citizens of Selma, for Grenada lOO 00
27— J. Neil & Ero., Hnntsville 25 00
28— Citizens of Florence 81 45
28— Citizens of Florence, for Canton... 20 (K)
28— Citizens of Opelika 06 no
28— Citizens of tipelika, for Grenada... 30 00
29- Visitors* citizens of Blount Spr'gs 100 (0
29— Jno. P. Tanner, Athens 25 00
31— Corporation of Florence 2tX) 10
31— Citizens of Florence, for Canton.... 48 .55
31— Citizens of Athens 100 00
.31— Citizens of Athens 10 00
31— ,1.11. Pitts & Co., Tuscaloosa 50 00
31— ,I.H.l'itts&Co., " forVicksbnrg 50 CO
31— ,LH. Pitts* Co., " for Grenada... .50 00
Sept. I— Proceeds of concert at Sehna .50 00
2-Employ6s of L. & N. R. R., Bir-
mingham 3?i 00
2— Employes and Officers of Insane
Asvlnm. Tuscaloosa 57 00
2-Mol)ile & Mmit. R. R., Jlontgomery 86 30
2— Citizensof Wheeler .58 W
2— Proc. of bale of cotton.'I'nscunibia.. 1.50 00
3— Presbyterian Church, Athens 10 00
338
APPENDIX.
Sept,
O.-t.
3— J. M, Harnett"* Co., Hiiiitsvillo.... « 5 00
3— Moiit^iimcrv I-'ire l»i'[>urtment 25 00
3— Dan'l Pratt Vim Co., PrattsviUe 200 00
6— A. G. Henry, GiiiitiTisviUe 2.) 00
C — Citizens of Muriiin 35 00
10— Citizens of Tuscalonsa 25 00
11— R. H. Broken, Auburn 6 (;2
11— CaiVt-set-away Club, Mobile 309 00
12— Citizens of Opelilca 44 50
12- Citizens of Madison 17 30
13— Hebrew Relief A.ssociation, Tj'oy.. 45 00
13 — Spring Creeli: Cliureli 5 70
13— Relief Cominittee, Mont.ijomery.... SCO 00
l:i— R. .M. S'lnviirtz. Hamburg 10 35
13— Citiz 'lis i.f I'liinton and Verbena . 25 00
14— Bi-a.ss band of Scotsboro 35 70
14— Citizens of Monterallo 30 00
15— Citizens of Opelilia 76 00
15-Citiz.-ns of Oxmoor 120 t:0
15— Miss Evelyn Randolph, Montgom'i y 1 00
17— White citizjns of Uniontown 75 00
17— ( ol'd Bap. an-l .S. S,, Uniontown... 40 00
1^— Citiz ;ns of Evergreen 55 00
1(— Biptist Sab. School, Union Sprinss 4 56
17— Citizens of (.Inion Springs 57 65
17-S ibb iih S 'hool, Birraiiigham 2 25
17- ij. 11. li ivvirs, Troy 125 00
10— Mite Meeting, Coosa Station liiO 00
20— Citizens of Marion 192 20
20— Citizens of Columbiana 55 00
20— Citizens of Greensboro 58 25
20— Citiz.nis of Crawford 13 50
20— Citizens of Gre--nville 200 00
21— Moth., B ip., and Pies Chs.,Opelilja 5,S 70
21— Citizens of Alliens 47 00
21— Citiz MIS i.f PrattsviUe 24 05
21— M, E. Church, Spring Valley 2 50
21— Colored M. E. Ch., (ireeiisboro K ( 0
21— Colored Bap. Ch., Greensboro 17 00
21— Citizens of O.Kford 49 10
22— Dtvid Coleman, Huiitsville 10 00
22 — Baptist Association, Tuscaloosa.... 21 25
22 — Citizens of Tuscaloosa 41 40
23 — Liter.u-y Society, !<elraa 75 00
24— Citizens of Riclimond 50 00
25— Citizens of Courtland 10 00
2.5— Miss Zila Ru.ssell, Athens ■. 2 .50
25— Can't-get-away Club, Mobile 500 00
25— Church of Marion 40 00
28— Sabbath School of Hebena 25 25
29— Citizens of Weaver Stii. & vicinity.. 36 60
2!)— Citizens of Mooresville 168 00
2— Citizens of Monterallo 23 10
4— 0 C. Wiley, Troy 52 00
5— Misses Kerrand Price, N.Hannonv. 38 65
7— ('liurclics iif c;,ailsdcii ".. 8 10
7— Citiz.'us of Ri.liing 80 00
9— School-gil ls of opclika 63 00
10- Citizens of Cusselta .53 90
11— T. J. Williamson. Oak Bowery 10 00
13— G. H. Priiiz. Culhnan ! 18 00
16— Wood .t Powell, Childcrsbnrg 38 00
16— J. M Hawkins, Huntingdon .50 00
17 — Relief tJommittee, Montgomery 12 75
18 — Citizetis of Vienna 58 20
22—0. C. Wiley, Troy 4 10
22— Citizens of Andalusia is no
23— Bruce Harris, Columbiana 7 Ig
26— Ino. Dixon, Cliildersburg 42 30
29— J. H. Fitts it Co., Tuscaloosa 45 75
Total $6,281 43
COXSrist'TIt'llT.
Sept. 4— 1st Presbyterian Church, Bristol... S 13 .56
10— Governor Jewell. Hartford 200 00
13— Citizens of Hartford .500 00
17— Citizens of Hartford 200 00
18— Citizens of Hartford 2.50 00
18— Citizens of New Haven 500 00
18— Y. M C. A., Ilnrtford ;. 200 00
20— Citizens of NorwnR- .300 00
21— Citizens of Stamford 250 00
21— Citizens iif (iri'cnviUe 8 1.5
23 — Citizens of Hartford 400 00
28— Citizens of >'cw Britain 500 00
Sept. 29— Relief Commitlpe, Kcw Haven 8660 00
Nov. 6— Cit;zciis(it New Haven— W.F.Day.. 473 57
23— ( ilizciis of .Mi riiien. per H.W. Lilies 500 00
Dec. 3 — Citizens ui Mci ideii. per " " ... 125 00
16 — Citizens of Meriden,i)er " " ... 60 00
Total 85,070 28
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
AU2
Sept
Oct.
Nov.
3— Citizens of Denver 8500 00
16— Citizens of Suisan City 113 00
16— Citizens of Denver 200 00
19- J'roc. of Festival at Central City.... 300 CO
19— Citizens of Central City S.58 .50
21— M. E. Ch.andS. S.. Cafion City.... 100 CO
21-st. James M. E. S S., Central City. 21 50
24— 1st National Bank, Boulder 335 00
27 — Warren Camp, No. 2, K. of N. W.,
Central City 85 00
28— Pri sl.vti rian S s. of Georgetown.. 30 00
28— Ci|l/, 1 s 1,1 Ci.Miai 240 70
28— Cil.zrn.s (ii ( ,,:i,in 35 00
29— Sniidav Seliool of Russeii Gulch.... .35 00
2— Winnennick Mine, Liadville 200 CO
2— Citizens of Nederland 40 00
7— Relief ftmd of Golden 35 7.5
S— H. P. Cowenhrivan, Black Hawk.. 30 00
9— Ladies of Stockton .540 00
9— Ladies of Pueblo 301 70
10— Mite bo.x at Centnd City 6 65
16— H. C. Greer. Rock Ridge 5 00
21 — Relief Committee, Denver, thro'
J. T. Welllioin 283 87
29—0. G. Buckingliam. Boulder 150 00
4— A. J. Vandeier, Boukler 4 2S
Total §3,9.50 95
CAI.IFOKNIA.
24— C. C. Cl.iv, San Francisco S300 00
24— C. Clav, " •• for Grenada 200 00
31— Cit zen'sCom.,ljy J.C. Patrick.... 1,500 00
3 — Leonora M. Filkms, Los Angelos. 30 00
0 — Citizens of San Finncisco, thro'
J. C Patrick 1,500 00
8 — Cit'Zens of Los Angelos, thro' J.
R Dunkelberger 50 00
9— Wells, Fariro & Co., thro' Valen-
tine, Sup't 1,000 00
9— Citizens of Santa Barljara .500 00
9— Citizens of Piiebla 1.52 30
10— Citizens of Watsonville 120 CO
12 — Cdizeupof Cidifornia. thro' Anglo-
California Bank 1,500 00
14 — Citizi'Us of San Francisco, thro'
Anglo-Ciilitornia Bank 1,5C0 00
14 — Citizens of Los Angelos, thro' J.
R. Dunkelberger 150 00
14— Jlrs. P P. McCiee and dauuliter,
Watsonville 226 50
16_-\Ve]ls, F. * Co.. thro' Valentine... 1,000 CO
1,8 — Citizens of San Franci.'co 3,500 00
18— Citizens of Tnlare County 27 CO
15— Citizens of Modesia 700 00
24— Citizens of San Franci.sco 5.000 00
24— Wells. F. ct Co .thro' E.K.Wright. 9,000 00
26 — f:hristian Miiller, San Francisco. 20 00
1— Anglo-Cal. Bank. San Francisco.. 4(0 00
2— Clark, Dixon i Pedlock, Fresno 127 .50
3— Citizens of Santa Barbara 1C5 00
9— Sabbath .School near Riversdale... 31 00
31— Citizens of Santa Barbara, thro'
A. Lincoln 83 00
6— J. K, Alsnp. San Francisco 10 00
6— Wells, F. & Co., San Francisco..., 2.55 00
Total $29,017 SO
DAKOTA TERRITORY.
Sept. 14— Entertainment, Whitney Opera
House, Bismnrk f25 00
ArPENDIX.
Sept. 18— Citizens of Deadwoorl i}132 50
22— Citizens of B.smark ISfi 00
22— Coloi ed ( 'itizciis of Blade Hills 14 00
Oct. 5-0tlieers& soldiers, U.s.A..Ft.Ricc.. 7.'> 00
7— Officers, " lii eitizens,Ft.l3iiford 78 00
7— C'ltizeiis of Lead City 150 00
9— CitiZfiis of S|.iearfi,sh 22 ,50
10— Citizens of Lead City ;!0 .50
Total $603 50
1»EI.A WARJE.
Sept. 18— Citizens of New Castle...
20- Citizens of New Castle...
$21 02
20 00
Sept,
Oct.
Nov.
Total $41 02
20— Citizens of Lake City S 12 00
21— Proe, (if Ij.-de of cotton, Mariana.... KiO 00
21— Mrs.\V,lI.8fljrinK&cliirn,Broiison 5 00
22— Citizeiis of tiuini y 100 00
22— Nickly Club of Quiney 31 42
24— Citizens & young ladies, Palatka... 85 oo
24— Knowles & Breut, Pensacola 35G 30
25— Citizens' Aid Com., Tallahassee... 257 61
25— Citizens of Li ve Oak 63 00
29— Citizens of St. Augustine IIIO 05
2'J— St. B-irnabas P. E. Mission 6 20
29— Germauia Fire Co., Pensacola 2';0 00
3— Proc. of bale of cotton, Mariana.... 102 75
4- E. T. Lane, Crystal Lake 21 00
9-Citiz3ns of Fort Reid 45 00
23— '' Sun and Press." Jacksonville 20 00
2— Crescent City, thro' C. S.AVilliams.. 11 .50
Total $1,516 83
GEOKOIA.
Aug. 26 -J. E. Jones, Macon, for Grenada.. ..$100
30— Citizens of Washington 134
Sept. 2— J. E. Jones, Macon Relief Com 2iio
2— Citizens of Deeatnr,perVV.F.Patello 26
2— Banks & Bro., Gainesville , 5
4— Concordia .Association, Atlanta 33
5— Citizens of Greenville 53
G— Citizens of Griffin • 45
6— Citizens of Tunnel Hill 13
C— Citizens of Augusta, per Dr. Wright 215
6— Citizens of Augusta, per J.P.Garvin 220
6— Citizens of Washington ,5s
6— Unknown, Gainesville 2
7— J. G, Mever, Augusta 25
9— Relief Com., Atlanta, tliro' A. Fox. 50
9 — Citizens of Augusta, thro' J. P. Gar-
vin, for Grenada 100
9 — Concordia Association, Atlanta, for
Grenada 33
fl— Rel i e f Ass' n , Maco n , tl 1 ro' J . E. Jo n es 1 00
9— Citv Council of Hawkinsville 100
12— Children of M.E. S.S., I5ast Point... 2
12 — Citizen.s of Lumber City 30
13 — R. J. Brown, Augusta.! 5
13 — R. J. Brown, Augusta 12
13 — Mord Society, No. 1, Augusta 15
13— J. (}. Meyer, Mayor of Augusta 46
13— Relief Committed, Atlanta 200
13— Ladies of National Hotel, DaUou.. .50 00
13— Methodist Sab. School Congre.ss ... 5 00
13 — SrayriiaSah. School, Rix'kdale 5 55
13 — Prcsbvterinu Church Cout;ress 13 95
14— It. P. Hanks (Cliai i nian), Dalton.. 71 00
14— JL H. Hcllbnru. Warrenton 32 00
14— G. C. Terry, Duljlin 13 r,0
14 — Piedmont Aid Ass'n, Gainesville... .50 00
14— Citizens of Athens 140 00
lo — Citizens of Thomnsville 374 75
1.5— Y. M. C. A., Rome 75 00 I
16— P. Callaway, West Point 1 00
10 — Cornet band, Marietta 24.8 35 I
Oct.
Sept. 10— Corgill & Co., Marietta $ 48 00
16— J. D. Waddell, Marietta 6 00
16— J. Spillnian, Marietta 5 00
16— G. W. AVoodriifl, Columbus 100 00
H' — S. Gardner, Augusta 3 00
16— Relief Committee, Savannah ,500 00
16 — Citizens of Macon kki 00
17 — J. (_'. Fargo, Augusta 35 00
17— Harmony Church, Augusta 6 60
17— Citizens of Greensboro lOO 25
17— Proc. of an entertainment, Atlanta 310 25
17 — Relief Committee, Macou 200 60
10 — Citizens of Albanv! ,S4 do
10- Baptist Church, Pine Bluff 6 (Kl
19 — J. G. Meyer, Augusta H .50
19— Gilizcns of Gainesville 13 00
10- R(wsini Jfusical Club, Atlanta 184 25
19— E. S. Grigg, Marietta 10 00
19— Baptist Gliurch of Canton 9 25
20— Relief Committee of Atlanta 3.80 90
20 — Conference of Augusta, through
J. T. Jarvis ,500 00
20— J. G. Meyer, Augusta 19 65
20— Miss Nora Faw, Madison 11 ,50
20— Churches of Cave Springs 41 05
21 — Citizens of Ma.xwell 45 00
21 — Citizens of Washington 20 15
21 — Citizens of Columbus 123 75
21— J. G. Meyer, Augusta 5 OO
21— St.Luke'sEpiscopaK'h., Columbus 29 00
21 — Relief Commit lee of Warrenton... 12 ,vO
21 — Citizens of Cartersville 51 ,50
21 — Citizens of Rome 75 00
21— (^itizens of Macon 300 00
'22 — Citizens of Guyton 20 00
22— Employesof Central R.R., Augusta 77 fM)
22 — Irving & Neal, Thomasson 23 05
2:1- (.'itizens of Atlanta o.s 00
23 — Citizens of Augusta 74 75
23— Colored Chtu'ch of Augusta li 95
23— Citizens of Columbus 34 00
23 — Citizens of Greensboro 4 05
'2o — Brass band of ("Jreensboro 26 Oti
23 — A lady of Columbus 1 ,50
23— Citizen's Relief Com., Augusta 1,701 21;
23— Cone'vt, res. M.Ci.Whitlock, Marietta ,50 00
24 — Citizens of Warrenton 10 25
25— Burns' SilverCornetBand, Athens. 306 .50
25— Mrs. E. Glass, Plopkinsvllle 10 00
25— J. G. Mever, Augusta 2,s 05
2.5— J. <;. jMcyer, Augusta 10 00
2.5— J. G. Meyer, Augusta •. 91 ,50
26— J. G. Jleyer, Augusta ,54 ,50
27 — Citizens of Thoniasville 21 25
27— Unknown friend, Cutlibert 1 63
29— J. G. Mever, Auausta .S8 00
29— J. G. Mever, Augusta 20 tlO
29— W. Eron.son, Perry 91 6t)
•29— Baptist Chin-ch of Cobb County..., 19 00
29— Relief A.-sociatiou, Macon 600 00
29 — B'rd of Trustees & isiasons, Augusta 75 00
29— Rev. W. D. Anderson, Cedartown. 37 fiO
29-Colored Baptist ( 'h. of Marietta 10 40
29 — Citizens of Columbus 26 00
■29 — Colored ladies of Columbus 36 00
•29— Cit zens of Columbus 67 00
.•«1— Mite iiox, Albany 5 50
30 - Rossini Musical Club, Eainbridge.. 33 00
1— M. L. Dnnlap, Cedartown 1 00
•2 — Citizens of Newman 50 00
•2— Presbvterian Sab. Sell., Eulaulee.. 30 00
2— Ladies of Louisville 142 00
2— Baptist Church of Hickory Head.. 15 15
3— Citizens of Cairo ^22 8(1
3— Citizens of CJuitman 41 32
3— J. G. Mever, Auptisia .50 00
3— MasonicL'dgeAM.E.S.,S.,Hamilt n 33 00
3— Citizens of Bueua Vista 12 15
4 — Prcslivterian Sal). School, Gritlin., 44 ,55
4— Jfclntosh Union S. S., Mcintosh .. 2 .50
4— Gitizens of Pike County 20 00
4— Siuidrv collect'ns of J.M.Brawiier. 4 50
5— J. G. Meyer, Augusta 30 00
5— B'iptist Church nearValdosta 24.30
5— Citizens oi Jefferson 42 GO
7— Benevolent Association, Albany... 100 00
7— citizens of Guysboro 36 00
7 — Ladies' A.ss'n, Cave Siirings 11 10
9— A friend in Centre Village 1 Ou
340
APPE^"DIX.
Oct. 10— Roliof fomniitti'O. ATigiistn S45S C,?,
I'-', -\\ . ']'. Ui iDiiiiaii. Biuiiswiclc 25 00
l;; -.1. I.. M. v. r. Aimusta 34 07
(.. vci, A\iunstu 5 00
l:^— y. I). l;r.>ulwull. Mcintosh 24 00
J9— Coloreil Clmn li ot Thoniiisson 4 03
21— Chinch nt Chirk's StiUioii IG 50
Nov. 4— Citizcns'Ri'lief (■i))Ti.,Aiigustii,thro*
Jno. L. Maxwell 100 85
Dec. 12— Golden Fleece Lodge, No. G, 1''. &
A. M , Covington 10 00
20— Colnnibn.s MiinffjCo., Colnmbus,
thro' Howard Ass'n, New Orleans 3o 33
Total Sll,415 34
Aug.
Sept.
15— Potter Palmer, Chicago $ 50 00
23 — Varionscontribut'ns, St.Clair Co.,
through J. H. Kno.\; 200 00
23 — Various contrlbut'ns, St.Clair Co.,
for Grenada 100 00
23— Freeman Hilling, Mavor.KanUakee 100 00
27— T. J. Robertson, Fdwardsville 50 00
27— Centennial Lodge, I.O.G.T., Free-
port 25 00
23— Citizens of Freeport 100 00
28— Citizens of Jyeroy 26 00
2s— Citizens of Springfield 25 10
2s— Allan PinUerton, Chicago 20 00
2S— Frank Trimble, Paris 10 00
28— J. W. McCoy & Son, Golconda 10 00
21- R. B. Lewis, Qnincy 50 00
30 — Presbvteriau Ch., Bloomington... 61 00
30— Citizens of Tishlcilwa 61 00
30 — Factory hands of Chicago 8 25
30 — Samuel Werncch, Quincy 10 00
31— W. D. A. Mitthews. Sup't Prison,
Chicago 21 00
31— Officers U. S. Snag Boat, DeRnssy,
MonndCitv 40 00
31— Employes M. & St. P. R. R., thro'
J. H. Birber 51 2.5
31— Humboldt Lodge, No. 61, Quincy.. 2.5 00
SI— Citizens of Cavuga 5 00
31— p. s. .Schnable, Mavor of Geneseo 100 00
31— Base Ball plaver,?, Peoria 22 .50
2— S. E. Leger, Quincy 200 00
2 — Proc. of entertainment, Urbana... 112 25
2 — Olficersand employes Asylum for
feeble-minded chil., Springfield 40 00
2— A friend at Cheno.i 1 00
2— Citizens of Cairo 100 00
2 — Murray Nelson, Chairm'n,Chicagol,000 00
3 — Proc. of concert at Metropolis 113 25
3 — James H. Gilbert. Chicago 1-51 75
3— J. L. .\twood, DeKalb 100 00
4— Citizens of Galesburg 200 00
i—A friend at Carbrmdale 10 00
4— Potter Palmer. Chicago .50 OO
4— Cilizens & Y. M. C. A., Mt. Carmel 101 .35
4— J. N. .Arthur, Quincy 5 00
4 — Citizens of Mattoon .51 45
4— Citizens of Gibson City 130 00
4— J. T. Stewart, Piano 2 00
4— Cole, Bro. & Co.. Chester 211 00
5— Citizens of Cobden 100 00
5 — Citizens of Oden .50 75
5 — Citizens of Champ lign 100 00
5— 2d Pres. Sab. School, Freeport 13 20
5— Friends, thro' H.H.Black, Chicago 24 25
5— Citizens of Grand Tower 118 00
6— Lidies of Nashville .50 00
6— Citizens of Carmi 185 50
6— Citizens of Edwardsville '255 00
6— PeterSvinoe, Vice-Con. to Swed-
en, Chicago 5 00
6— IstBaptis't Ch,, Mount Carroll 25 35
6— 1st Bivptist S. S., Mount Carroll.... 5 00
6— Relief Committe, Rock Island 200 00
6— Citizens of Ottumwa 150 00
6— Citizens of Lexington 30 40
6 — Proc.entert'iium't " for Grenada .30 00
6 — Citizens of Windsor Station C5 55
6 — Old John Robinson's Circus,
Qaincy 'iOO 00
Sept. C — Murray Nelson. Chairman, Chi-
cago, U>r ( anluu S250
G — Murray Nf Knu. chairman, Chi-
cago. I'u- Ilollv .>^[irings 250
7 — Ladies' Ui li. f .V-.s n, streetor 10!)
7— CitizL'Us (if .\lioii 41)0
7 — Citizens of AUun. for Greiuida.... 146
7— L O. O. F., No. 3.S, ( aiiyle 25
7 — Citizens" of Williams fi.S
7 — S. A. Litteray. Barry, Pike Co 15
7 — Citizens* City C(Hu'icil,Bus!i]iell. I7!l
7 — Citizens of .Toilet 33^
7 — Union Band. Freeport 135
7 — Citizens of El Paso 112
7 — Commandery 8, K. T.. Galesburg 25
7 — Board of Tnule, Peoria 280
9 — Citizens of Elgin S3
9— Cilizens of Plainfield 24
9— Stnpv.'sChapid.M.K.Ch.. Decatur. 45
9— (i,,,.,) Ti'inplais ui Iii'. ;iiin- 45
9 — Genu.'se ' .Mnuinoiuh 5
9 — Citizi nsof Criggsville .34
9 — Proceeds of concert, Springfield.. 2.53
9— Citizens of JIurphyshoro 103
9 — Merchants' Nat. Bank, Chicago,
for Grenada 400
9 — 3 yoiHig ladies of Golconda 33
9 — Murrav Nelson .Chainji'n,Chicago2,000
9— P. B. Updike, Litchfield 150
10— Citizens of Bunker Hill 2-50
10 — Mrs. Peck. Petersburg 5
10— Citizens of Alton 248
10 — Ofliccrsand guards. Stale Prison,
Springfield 168
10— Citizens of Springfield 345
11 — Ladies of Keithsburg £0
11— Pres. Cong. Ch. S. S., Charlesion... SO
11— Bap. Cong. Ch. S. S., Charkslon... 2
11 — Citizens of Charleston S"
11— Cruizeus of Duraut 3fi
11 — Congregational Church, Alton.... 38
11 — Hope iHose Co., Allon 15
11 — F. Hnling, iMavor, Kankakee 66
12— Citizens of Carroillon 500
32 — Literary Society, Mendota 30
12— Citizens of Mejulota 102
12 — Ladies' Literary Ass'n. Kankakee. 26
12 — Union of all chiirclies.Kirkwood.. 25
12 — EmpToyesof Peniten'ry,Si)ringfi'd 17
12 — Citizens of Alcdo 57
3'2 — Citizens of Rock Island if?.
12— Olmsted Lodge, I.O.CJ.T., Olmsted IS
12 — Citizens of St. Joseph . 23
12 — Citizens of Astoria 65
12 — Citizens of Douglas 75
1'2 — Citizens of Areola 50
12 — A. Amman AE. Flahiitv, Spring-
field 16
1.3- Citizens of Sandoval 13
13 — Citizens of Warsaw 1.57
13 — Citizens of Perry 96
13 — Unknown friend, Chicago 5
1.3— Citizens of Waverlv 28
13— M. E. Church, South Evanston.... 17
13— M. E. Ch. S. S.. South Evanston.. 3
13— Proceeds of Base Ball. Peoria 31
1.3 — Edgar Co. Agricult'l Board, Paris.. -50
13— Citizens of Sterling 400
13 — Citizens of Carlinville 2.50
1.3— Citizens of Henry 114
13— R. Cone, Hennepin 137
12— A. J. Alexander, Gillman 5
13 — Citizens of Maywood 60
13 — Citizens of Clinton 1C6
13 — Citizens of Monmouth 100
13— Citizens of Neponset .50
14— W. H. Piatt, Grand Island 165
14— AVankegau Methodist Society 13
14 — Citizens of Waute,san 150
14— Citizens of Fairfield 205
14— Citizens of E\ireka 200
14 — Chapter 46, R.A.M., Galesburg.... 15
14— E. L. Phillips 15
14— Union Baptist Cliurch, Aurora... 32
14— Board of Trade. Elgin -55
14 — Citizens of Aurora 201
14^Proc. concert. Cliond Soc , Lima.. 70
14— A. Pliillips, Red Bird 5
14 — Young ladies of Sliawncotowu 143
APPENDIX.
341
Sept. 14— Propceds of lerture by Right RfV.
Spaiililiiiy, Peoria ^flOO DO
14 — Coiigre'-catioiial Cliurcli, Fooria... 117 IM
14 — Edwiini Miilliii, Gnivsville 7 2.)
14— Proc. eiifnrt, A 0. U.'\V.,Cartha'4e 'M 25
14— Citizens i>f JI;iriimb 280 00
14— Oitizeiis cif Memlotu 25 00
14— Citizens of Salem 70 4S
14 — Colleeliiiiis by eliurelies, Polo 51 27
15— Citizens of Sparta UK) 00
15— Citizens' Relief Ass'a, Leniont 250 00
15— Jlnrrav Nelson, Chairm'n.Cliicayo3,ix)o 00
li;— Employes C. .^i 1. R.R.,Roclielle... 75 00
10- Citizeiisof VirL'iiiia KHI (K)
lo— ciiizens of I! •ii.'viiie ;;oo 00
10— Ciliz.Mis of Cai li iuilale I'M 00
16— Murray Nelson, Chicano 2,000 00
Ifi— Nat. Cli T. Union. Hamimrg 00
10— Relief Association, BethalloT. 27 00
16— Citiiiens of Pi-iii-eton 200 00
l(i— St. Mary's Catbi. Cli.. Joliet 42 00
l(i— Concert at Gilesbm-g 200 00
10 — Cono.ertat U ileKbur,i;',f<ir Grenada XI 55
10— Masons at Galesbur'j 50 00
16 — Citizens of Warreiisbiirg 20 00
17— Germaii M, K. Cli., Aurora >s 00 ,
17— L. K. ConoTer, Gleiidale 25 00
17 — Citizens' Relief Com., Washington 110 40
17— Citizens of Oliiey 4:!7 .55
17 — Citizens of Warreusbnrg 10 65
17— AUlia Lodw, Galesliurg 20 00
17 — Citizens of Champaign ?>;; oo
17— Citizens of Xenia 50 01)
17— [-ioiinl of Supervisors. Tazewell Co. 70 00
17 — Murrav Nelson, Cliairniau, Clii-
eago, from the Owl Club 1.000 00
17 — Murray Nelson. Ch'm'n, Chicago,
for Brownsville 1,000 00
18— Citizens of MrLeansboro (") 00
18— Knights of Honor, Mi'Loansboro.. 22 00
18— H. P. Tiuey, Ehnwood f>l 00
18 — Various s iurces, Kirkiroo l, 2:1 70
18— Entertainment at KImwood <M 00
18 — " bv^oiin^ men,(Iolcoiida :il) 00
18 -Employes Wab'h Co., El jin 202 :10
18— Paxton Chor,il S,)ei.'tv, Paxton.... .50 00
18— S. L. Wissner. Anna..".— 4 70
18— Citizens of Galesbnrg l.V .50
18— Mayor's ofliee, Chicigo 114 00
18— Murray Nidso i,Chairni'n,Chicago:j,100 00
19— Citizens of Areola 60 00
19— Silver Rod, 'e, K. of H., C'arlinviile i:il '25
19 — Citizens of C irlinville 86 ",0
19 — Ladies of Forre^toii 84 46
19 — Citizens of Newton 50 35
19— Citizens o{ Willow Hill 4 45
19— Committee of Enr?ka 149 00
19— Citizens of Charleston 44 94
19— Citizens of Vandalia 12i'> :10
19 — Presbyterian Ch., Dn Quoin 15 55
19— Citizen.s of Whitehall D75 llO
19 — Benevolent Ass'n. Mas<in Citv 27 00
19— Citizens of D^'catur " 447 78
19— Congregational Ch., l.oekport 28 00
I'.i — A buteher of Nokomis ... 6 70
19— H. C. Haweniiau 'r, Peru 400 00
19— Citizens of Lincoln 95 00
19— Citizens of Pekin y il :;0
IJ— Citizens of Phito 47 00
19— Citizens of Oakland 25 00
i;)— S.ibhatli Schools of B;iT;sville 52 00
19— J. P. Fonsythe, Onargi.; 12S 00
19 — Employes Crane Bros., Chieaco... 71 75
19— Citizens of Mount C irmel " 41 10
19— Employes Insane Hospital, Elgin.. 101 50
19— Congregational Ch., Providence... 19 15
*i0— Citizens of Litchfield ,. 200 00
•20 — r'itizens of Farmington 151 Ofl
20— U. P. Congregation. Sparta 28 90
20— Ran lie Scl-iool.Soart:'.'. 2:'. 40
20— Citizens of Blandin.syille Kill 00
20— Citizens of ,aLllon 50 00
20 — Citizens of Owaneo ;;;! 45
20— Citizens of Centralia 62 00
20 — Citizens of Mount Vernon 42 75
29— Citizens of Belleville 300 00
20— Citizens of Hardin 26 00
20 — Citizens of CollinsviUe 162 .55
20 — C'itlzcn.s of Vienna 54 35
:. 20— Citizens of Willianistown $ 22 00
20 — Cilizens of Havana Ill -to
20 — .-V. li Sawyer, En niont 22
20 — Benevolent -Association Pekin.... 110(0
20 — Relief fund, Jaeksiniville '.. 5li(i on
20 — Citizens of Eaglewood KKi 00
20 — Citizens of Mount .Sterling 75 ii5
21 — E. K. Stcaie, (.iniiK-y 22 25
21— Employes Rolling Mill, N.Chicago loo no
21 — Citizens of Oil rollton r... 29 oo
21— Trinity Epis. Claircli. Aurora 17 25
21 — Cliuiehes of Kirkwood 3,s 07
21 — Cilizens of La Haipe 00
21 — Free Cun.i:. So< iety.)!looniington.. 14 06
21 — I itlzens of S)aiiit;tield 117 lio
21 — Citizens of Ko( k Island 4;; oo
21 — (-'Wizens of Franklin 16 CO
21 -7 little girksof ,\ur<ira ,\5 .|2
22- P.aptist rliiircl). ( liieago 110 ,'5
22 — <"itizeiis of Chii'ago 47 35
22— Cilizens ol Fairfield 10 10
22— (.'wizens of Pay.Mai 40 40
'22 — Snp'tstS ConCrsol Prison , Joliet... KIO 00
2'i — Citizens of Waveily 20 09
'22— Oiiigiegational Cliureli, Seward... 12 CO
22 — Cit izen.s of <'armi 22 70
"22 — ftelief Coniinittefc, Du Quoin 314 71
22— Minci-s of Coal Co., McLean Co... 32 10
22— Citizens of .Sliannon Hi 45
22 — M. E. Sab. School, I'e'mont 5 25
22 — C itizens of BradUiid 72 10
2'2 — t'ltizciis of Miiiooka 107 Co
22 — A. Ji. L. ?0( ietv, PaNton '25 On
22— City and comity offi<-ials,Chicago. 1,.'00 00
22 — .). T. Evans, Clay City d 00
23 — Pris. Ch. an<l S. S.. Caiiolltoii 15 00
2? — Lnion I«dge,K of II., 1033,Virdcn 71 75
2:1 — Citizens of Lockport 11 t'O
'2? — Congregational Ch..(iii!.g.«ville.... 37 ,'■0
2:1 — Murray Nel.'-oii,Cliairni'ir.Clii( ago5,€00 00
24— Relief Conmiittce, P.elkna]i 02 75
'24— Cilizens <if Peliin , J.5s 05
■24 — Citizens of Butler si 00
24 — 13 little girls of luiglewoc d 26 00
■24 — Citizens' Relief Conr, Paris K'o (in
24 — Y- JI. C. A . Clii<-ago 7 oo
'251 — Cilizens of '\'cmi<uU 120 ( 0
2.5 — citizens of Danville 0 I 0
"25 — }'resbyt<?nan .S. S., Hcnrier.>^oii .... 14 53
2.5 — (lennaiiia A.ss'n, Frccport 42 y'l
2.5 — .1. Barnsnoic, Troy <',1 .55
25 — Murray Nelson, Ci 111 imi'ii.t hicago 3,000 (d
•25 — Union" Sabbaili .'-■( licol. I'arbi iT... 12 00
25 — Citi-zens of Ircsdale .53 05
2.5 — Catliolic ( hnivh, Ivisiiale 3,s 15
"2.5 — (.'ilizeiis of \\ arreiisbiirg 12 00
•2.'i — Irvin;; Liloi-arv Soc. Cliiia;;*) 5 00
25— A. (). v. W. of Roscvillo....'. 12 ."0
2") — C P. <'ongr( gation. Bethel 10 00
•2,"i — Citizens of Vcniiillion Co .50(1(11
2.5 — Citizens of I'anville '274 .55
2.5— C'itizens of Cliillicoihe .50 00
25— Jno. H. Ad.- ms. <■( darviUe 20(1)
25— Geo. II. Tuck. Plyiiioutli 1(1 00
•2:5 — Citizens of ( harlcston 0 76
•2.5— Thos. H. Clark, Golconda 12 15
■2.'i — II. Carson. Hennepin .52.50
•2.5— Relief Cinnmittee. Chicago KIO 00
2.5— Cr.ine Bros. M'f 'g Co., Clii( ago .s 75
25— Preslivicrian Ch., Grand Ridge... £6 00
2-5— Baptist Church. EfTnigliam 3 01)
2.5— Christian (itils, A rlingt'n Heights 200 (lO
^5— rresbyterian Cli., Plum (.reck.... 16 03
rt — Citizens of Rood House .59 ."d
25— .1. Ulrich. Decatur 11 40
•2.5— Board of Trade. Peoria 15 00
2-5— Ch irlcs Fensbnrgli, Cayuga 1 00
'2.S — Citizens' Relief Com., Sterling.... '2.59 75
'2S — E. R. Brown. Elmwood 45
•28— Citizens' Relief Com., Faiglewood 100 00
'2S — Cilizens' Relief Com., Blue Island
and vicinitv 31" 67
S'^Rev. Thos. I'oolcy. Grand Ridge. 4 00
■2S — Citizens of Channahow '27 IK(
•28— W. T. Rogers, Mavca'. Quinov 127 05
•2<)— Children of Reform Ch..Biishnell. 2 00
2!)— R. E. Moreland. Belle F ower 45 00
2;)— CongrcL'atiou of Ivesdale 9 00
29— Uoine Nat. Bank, Chicago 5 00
5-1:2 APPENDIX.
Sept 29— Rev. .T. \V. Lniip:, Salem S 5 03
Oct. 2— Citizens (if Bennett 83 2(i
2— J. Tajinr Smith, Sprinytield 97 -il
2— A. T. Henniiiu'^wav, Cliicago 9 05
2— Mayor's (ifli' i-, ( ln( aL.'(i SI OU
2— Citizens 1 if Ijluarilsvillc 25 00
2— Baptist Clinn li i.i Barrv 9 lu
S— Red Sell. Honsc Sab. S. bt Du Page. 15 00
3— County Fair. Fairfield 11 50
3 — Citizens of Orian 37 10
4— Sliiloli Cliiirch, Huntsville fi 00
1 — l iini]! Creek Pres. Cli., Maoomlj 13 15
4— ^[ilton MeClnre, Carlinville Ill -'O
4— Citizens (jf Rattan 1 30
.'. — Ciiizeiisof linrnside 12 00
5 — E S. Kri'v, Carnii 5 00
r, — Citizens of llonnt Morris Kl 00
.') — Wm. (iascoigne, Plainfield 10 ."lO
7— City Counc;!, Danville 100 00
7— E. 1m. Eaton, Marion 7S 45
9 — E\itei tainnieiit at Eugenie 5 .35
9— C!i\ircli at W ine Hill 3 33
10— Citizens of Mount Carmel 27 75
10— Ladies of Grand Tower 43 00
10— .T. T. Swan, Bethiillo 7 75
10— Zine City Fire Co.j La,salle C6 00
10— Lyiord i Sprague, Sheffield 5 00
13— Citizens of Verona and vieinity.... 20 S3
13— Citizens of Jaeksonville 75 00
13— Citizens of " for Decatur, Ala. 75 00
10 — Rev. J. Montgomery, Walnut (jrove 9 00
16— J. R. Jewett, Harrison. 7 00
10— Citizens of Buslmell 11 25
10— Citizens of Fulton 113 SO
10— Citizens of Arlington Heights 200 00
16 — Congregational Church, Wyanet... 40 75
10 — Temperance Union, Atlanta 0 25
10— Bethlehem C. P. Church, Decatur. 4 54
25— W. H. Gest, Rock Island 5 00
25— German Banking Co., Peoria 3 00
25— Citizens of Roberts, througli T. M.
Hubbard 20 00
25— W. H. Orrington, 50 Randolph St.,
Chicago 2 00
25— Elgin Club, through E. D.Waldron.
Chicatro 48 00
2.5— Jas. L. Metz, Perrv 27 00
2-")— \V. A. Riel (Treas.;. Monmouth 102 .37
Kov. 6— W. B. Bonnefield, Ottumwa 59 25
6— F. Huling, Mayor, Kankakee .38 00
7 — C. S. Conger, Carmi 23 70
7 — Citizens of Cambridge 113 .55
1.5— D. B. Smith, Jacksonville 100 OO
Total 852,307 GO
IM>IANA.
Aug. 22-Woodbnrn AVheel Co., Ind'apolis..$]00
22— Lawyers c>f Imlianapolis 370
24 — Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Soci-
ety, Plymouth, for Grenada 100
27— Fletcher "& Sharpe, Indiaiiapohs.... 300
29— Brownell,Graville<tCo., Evansv'le 25
•29— Y. M. C. A., Michiiian City 173
31— Ft. Wavne Lodge, No. 14, I.O.O.F.,
Ft. Wayne 25
Sept. 2— Hebrew Congregation, Ft. Wayne.. 23
2— Citizens of New Albany 250
2— Citizens of " for Grenada. 100
2— Y. M. Association, Laporte 200
2— Mitchell & Reed, Jeffersonville 147
2— Doric Lodge, A.O U.W., New Alb'y .50
4— E. & T. H. R. R. Co., Evatisville ... 170
4— J. M. Hntton * Co.. Richmond 70
5 — Uni\i'iN!viist Chnrrh of Anrora ... . 77
5— J. M. Wilder, 'I'. rre Haute 600
5— Citizens of State <.'enlre 31
.5 — Y. M. C. A., Gr 'cnsbnrg 33
6 - Ladies of Pres. CO., Greencastle. .. 10
0 — Entert'm't hy c tizensof Madison.. 120
o~('it'zens of Madison luO
0— Employes and stockholders Gaai',
Scoti * Co,. Kirhmoiid 228
0 — Procee ds oi i-nnicrt, Lawrenccburg 76
6— Citizens of rndianapolis 300
6— Mission Sab. School, Yinceniaes 2
Sept. 6— Jno. L. Haificld. Knightslown flO 00
0— Citizens of Blociunnymn .",0 00
6— Citizens (ji Kokomo 55 00
0--Pnl'lie Sebools. Kvans\ ilit' 200 00
8— C. W. Caliberl, l(.r ladi. sof Kiick-
poi i 145 00
S— Wabash Keiicl t oui.. lud apolis... 333 56
9— Red Ribbon Club 01 OrleaijS 25 .i5
9— Grace M. E. Chinch of Richmond 70 (lO
9— Hamilton Bank, Ft. Wayne 137 18
9— ^IcKim. Madison .' 100 OO
10— 1st National Bank, Richmond 400 00
11— Brass iiand of Paoli 7 00
11 — Graves Sab. Schocjl, Terre Haute.. 8 '25
12— CitiZ( ns of New Albany i:i (H)
12— Citizens of " for Holly Sji'gs 36 25
12 — Citizens of Greenville 10 25
12 — Citizens of Louisville 26 00
12— Citizens of Madison 100 00
12— CoiH Old Leidc rkraiiz, Mt. Vernon 102 .50
12 — M. E. Chiireb, lCiiit;stoii 15 37
12 — Timothy Wilson, efiringland 8 (K)
12— G. \V. Biirtoii, Mitchell 16 OO
12— Swectur Bank, Marioji 102 .'o
12— Citizens of JIailison 115 OO
13— Woolen Mills, .'-eyuioiir .50 00
13- Mayor of SeMiiour 48 OO
13— German M. E. 1 huich. JIartison.. 31 00
13 — Chair-maker.s' I nion. Tell City.... '25 CO
13 — Barbers & hair-d vessi-i s. Madison. 19 0.5
13 — Citizens of Worlliiiij;tun 14 (iO
13 — Citizens of Greencastle 2C0 00
13— Citizens of Rockville '2.50 00
13— Citizens of Indi.iuapolis 1,0C0 00
14— Y. Jl. C. A.. Laporte l-'O OO
14— ( itizensoi lliintiiigdon '210 00
14 — Citizens ol Vincennes '351 OO
M— p] o( (M ds of concert at Orleans 30 (X)
11— < iiizeiis of South Bend '2.1,0 00
1 1- Kaj.ier Conimaiidery. Ind'apolis.. 75 CO
15— Cliariiv Lodge, F. & A. M., Wash-
iimtoM 50 00
1.5— AV. Trow & CcJIadison 25 00
10— Citizens of SeNmour 20 25
Hi— Citizens of Sli'ell yvine 160 CO
10— Citizens of Evansville 90 OO
16— Citizens of Queensville 28 CO
17 — Hanover Colleue, Hanover 54 £0
17— J. M. Nash. Lafayette 200 OO
17— Citizens & Gesaiig Verein, Crown
Point 1.33 00
17— Relief Committee, Logansport '200 OO
17— Citizens of Edivaid.iport 20 OO
17 — Vawtor, Reicliele, Davis. Dickin-
son, and Smith, North Vernon.. '20 CO
IS — Printers of Indianapolis 41 1-0
IS— Citizens of Oxford 07 35
l.S — Citizens of Vevay ."0 CO
18— Citizens of Rochester 73 .57
IS — Citizens of Rochester 73 .58
18— Citizens of Worlhingtoii 6 40
18— Citizens of Edinburgli 150 Ol)
18— G.W. Hartley, Goodland 50 OO
19 — Proceeds of ( oncerl , Yevav Ill .35
19— Citizens of Zionsvllle 13 00
20— Citizens of Shelbvville 5 CO
20— 1st Presbyterian Ch., Madison 40 00
20— T'. P. Church. IMadison 15 41
20— Citizens of Clovenlali 22 .57
20— ( ongTccatlon.-il .-. Cresco 5 OO
20— PresliN iiTiim S. S., Itnshville 12 10
20 — Citizens of Miirion 75 00
20— Citizens of New .MliMiiv 91 25
21— Christian < liiioli. fBechord '29 00
21— Citizens 01 iie.lioid 71 00
21— Citizens ol Ln^aiisi.ort 235 75
21— Ladies of Clavton '23 '28
22— Citizens of Whitestow 11 12 10
22— Citizens of Manekjiort 10 00
2'2— Citizens of Lawreiicebnrg.., 228 45
'2'2— Citiz ns of Attie.i 73 CO
'2'2— Hebrew lleiiev. Society of LaditS,
Plymouth '25 00
23— Citizens of Indianapolis TOO CO
23— Citizens of Rockville 20 CO
23— F. & A. M. Lodge, 687, Bean Blos-
som 10 00
24— Helirew Coii'-'rcgatlon , Ft. Wayne 9 00
25— Ladies of Anderson 100 00
APPENEIX,
343
Sept. 2:1— .Topsc V.^icnncr, 8tony Point !f 5 00
ai— Citizens of Pt'iu IS HI)
2(1— Frii'iHl>' Sail. Scliool, Spicelond... 1; 00
27 — I'ihviu C. Watsim, VincL'imes 12 71
27— E. \V. .SliiTk. Tipton :;2 (iO
27— (Mtizf n.s of Bloniniimtnu 20 Hi
27 — CitiZL'ii.s of Losansport 12:; -l.S
27 — ( 'iliz^'iis of Bourbon 52 13
2S— Typos of Lifayette ilO 00
2.S — M';isoiiic Fraternitv, Wortliin^ton 5 52
2i)— Cl)i-i!-li,n) Churcli of Jlislmvvalia.. U l."i
29— Citizens of X'iiir'-iiries 10:i 07
29— Citiz 'lis 111 l,o:4.iiisport 45 10
Oct. i — Citizens iif L'liiun City 178 1/
3 — ^iile box, ViiicMines i 0 00
4— Friemls' Sili. Sehool, Spicuiand ... 2 00
4— Citiz jiis of Soulli B_-nd 150 on
."i- Citizens of Decauir 37 00
10— Relief A.ssociiition, Tell City 37 50
10— A ninireli of SlieliiyviUe 10 00
10— Relief Committ 'e <)f Plymoutli... 01 00
10— N. (;. Follett. Miehi.niui City 50 on
111 — Dr.im-itic Club of Ilayerstovvu 23 On
10— Mary O'Hiu-a. Anderson 122 on
19— Citizens of Roehester 73 5,s
21— Citizens of W ashlustou 102 00
2G— C. R. it S. R R., RocU-poi t, through
C, \V. C.ilbert 24 75
20— ,T. M. \Mldy, Mayor, Terre Haute. 41 !)5
Nov, G— Irviiin W. Smith, Aundusko 5 00
I>ec. 18— Combs, llartman & Co., Tell City, 02 .50
20— Citizens of Indianapolis, through
Howard Ass'n, New Orleans 200 00
20 — Relief As.soeiation. Aurora, thro'
Howarrl Ass'n, New Orleans 2.50 00
30 — Soutli Western Furniture Assoeia-
tion, Tell City 50 00
Total $13,787 Gil
IOW.\.
Aug. 25— T B. Carpenter, Marsbfill $ 31 00
27 — HelirewCougi e.sat'n. Des Moines, ino 00
30— W. S. Moore, Keokuk 35 00
31— Tlios Brook, D.\s Jloines 10 00
31 — Plyuioutli (Jhureli, Des Moines.... 7] 00
31— 1st Baptist Sab. Sch., Des Moines. 1; 00
31— Citizens of Couneil Bluffs 2 oil
31— Citizens of l)e Witt in on
Sept. 2— OHieer & Pussey, Council Blulls,,. 200 00
2— Citizens of Sigourney 22 '. ()
2 — Tootle, Livin.gston & Co , Sionx
Citv 20 011
2— D. Pingrey, Diirant 9 75
2 — Citizens of Davenport 84 00
3— Unknown, thro" Nat. State Bank. 10 00
3— Citizens of Davenport 18G 00
3— Citizens of Booue 57 ,50
5— Pres. Clinreh and S. S.. Wiiteii'ord. 52 07
(i— Carter, Hussy itCnlrv, DesMoines 3 25
6 — Children's eourert, Des Jloines.... 0 OO
ti— Citizens of Mason City 32 00
6 — (Citizens of Marslialltou n 12S 75
0— Congregational Ch., JIcGregor 17 00
0 — Citizens of Lyons 175 00
7— W \. jrcHeuiy, Dennison 22 13
7— Citizens of Meelianicsville 101 (i5
9— Citizi'iis of Lansing ,50 00
9— Citizi.'iis of Belle Plain 77 00
!l — r'itiz"ns of Cleiiwood 00 75
10— Citizens of Lyons .50 00
10— Citiz MIS of Davenport 131 00
12 — Presbyterian Church. Boone 28 10
13— Congregational Ch., Charles Citv. 34 00
13— Ciiizens of Charles City 19 05
13. — Presljyterian Ch.. Garden Grove.. 4 '20
13— Citizens of Fort Madison 2.50 00
13— Citizens of Saiinla 47 21
l:;— Jlellioilisl Chnreh, Sabnla 4 05
13— Congregitioniil S. S., Sabula fi 25
13 — George C'anfield 10 7.1
l^T — Citizens of Russell 15 '25
1.3— Pres. Church & S. S., Mt. Vernon. '23 00
13 — Citizens of Burlington 150 00
14 — .luo. Knehs. ("Trinnell 10 00
14— Citizens of Fort Madi.sun 2S tO
Sept. 14 — Citizens of Clarinda flfii 75
14 — Citizens of Siblev 12 ro
14 — Citizens of Alkiider 40 10
1.5— Citizens of Dexter liic, ;o
1.5 — C'itizensof Blue Glass 1:0 10
1.5— Citizens of Vail in on
16— Citizens of Cherokee 22 '25
10 — t-'ongregalional Cli , Keo.sangna . 30 (;o
11;— Cong. Pres. Church, Oskaloo.'-a 30 47
10— Baldwin Bros , Oskaloosa 20 05
10 -M A. Blaiieliard, Newton l:;l 00
17— Citizens of Sigiiuruey 02 lio
18— Cit.zeiis of Red Oak lijn no
18 — Little girls' parlor enttrtainnu nt.
Des Moines 10 ,"()
18 — Citizens of Ananiosa irii dii
l.s—Lillie Day & Jiio. R. Hays, Nevada .d no
19— Bakers of Des Moines 25 no
19- I'ri'sliyti'iian Chnreh, Adel 23 50
]9—Bapii>t Church, Cascade 21 50
19— I'les Clinich ct S. S.. Ft. Madison Z\ 00
19-0. H. Miller, Tama City 47 45
19— Citizens of C(uni( il Blufts 18 nil
19— jr. E. Sab. School, Muscatine 9 05
19— Proceeds of concert, Atlantic 15 lin
19 — citizens of Bonaparte l:,9 '20
'20 — Liquor dealers of Keokuk iro 1 0
20— Nickel box. Jlctiregor 4 43
20— .i^.sli \vav Sal). School, D(S Moines. 40 41
20— 1st Jiaiiii,-t Church, Clinton '24 '25
21— Concord Sab. School, (iarner 10 72
21— Ba]itist Sab. School, Rivoton 10 on
21— ('has. Plaline, Oskaloosa 'jn no
21— E M. Davies, Clinton 12 80
22— " Burlington Hawkcyc,'' Burl'ton 21 41
'2'2 — Churches of Kou ley'& Pine Crci k 41 00
22 — Suiiday-si liool, Columbus Juni t.. 0 .-'3
'22— (. itizeiis of Morning Sun 70 00
'2'2— Citizens <if Pella 223 45
•2'2— Lodge No. 13, A.O.f.W, Wilcoit.. 13 '25
2'2— Relief Association, Navarre 37 80
23— Board of Trade canvassers, Jlus-
( atinc 245 .'W
23— Miss Kate Finnick & others, JIus-
I atine 72 .50
2?> — German Ch's&S. S's, INIuscaliue.. 23 .55
23— IstBaplistSab School, Muscatine. 19( 0
23.— 9th St. Jlission S. S., Mn.scatine... 12 (0
13~01d School Pics. Church, Clarinda 10 iiO
23— Executive Conimittee, Creston .... 124 15
23— Young ladies of Osl;aloosa 78 20
24 — Sunday-schools of Iowa, tliion;.;li
S. Mcrrii, Des Moines 219 00
24— Congri gatioiial Ch. of KelloLg 8 (:0
'24— M. E. Church of Nevada 4 .'•8
'24 — Presbyterian Sab. Si hnol, Nevada 3 81;
•2.5- Sunday-s( hool, EUiorado 2 '25
2.5— A Friend, Siou.x Cily 1 00
2.5— Cou'.'regational S S., Des Moiiii s. 18 20
2'2— Yonug People's C. A., Waterh o.. 10 oO
'25— JI. E. Sunday-school, Knoxvillc. 10 no
■J.5— Chones Club, Anus rs (d
'JO— Evaii'jclical Lutlieriin ("h., Lisbon 10 (<l
'20- Lodge No. 79, LO O.F., Boonsboro 10 0:1
'20-Jtcth. A: Cong Cb's, lecdsGrove. 23 75
27— W. A. Jhdicnrv, Denisoii 5 00
'27— H C. Brown, Cedar Rapids 2 00
27— Land Dep't, C. B. ct Q. 11. R., Bui-
lington 50 no
27— K. S. Ornisby, EmmelsVurg 10 .'3
27 — NicK'ol boxes, Couneil Bluff's 7 39
27 — Citizens of Lisbon 03 40
28 — Entertainment by L. B. Jackson,
Sioux Citv 5 00
■28— Lennox Colicpi. Inst., Hopkintou 14 Id
'28— Citizens of Oskaloosa 23 .50
'28— Unknown Friend, Bedford 7 to
29— Citiz 'lis of Sioux City .52 00
'29— Citizens' Jtectiiig. Si'bula 15 75
'29— JI. E. Church, Mt. Vernon 40 75
■2'.i—Childreii'sBand of Hope, Clarinda 9 (0
2ii— 1st Coiigre.gational Church, Exira 0 00
•29 — 1st Contrregatioi-al Ch.. Joust City 1 20
Oct. -2- Lodge No. 70, Ceiiterville 5 f(|
2— Ladies' Relief Ass'n, Indinnola. ... I'JO 75
4— Cong. Church, College Springs.... 3 50
.! — J. V. Hookson, Creston 18 40
4_J[. E. Sab. School, KelloL'g 10 O'l
5— A. N. Higley & others, AUcntowu 15 CO
344
APPENDIX.
7—
-Soldiers' Reunion, Jfupeatine
if 20
n
1(1-
-Relief Coin. P:es. Ch., Page Co....
11
00
10-
-Citizens (if MaisliiilltdWn
33
15
10-
-Employ.-s I't. D. & 1). R. R., Des
Jlonu s
77
.lO
10-
-Rev. F. Ivhviirils, Cent, rville
7
04
11-
-Howanl .Vvs'n, ( ouueil Bluffs .
2.1
10
11-
-Citizens of Waverley
132
00
11-
-Citizens of Davenport
100
00
13-
-U. P. Conirresations of Wasliing-
tnii ;ini i ( 'rawfoi-clville
72
10
18—
-La'li 's i v' ■; M I i 1 1 1;' ( Uil), ^InseaLiiie.
19-
-Citiz"ns of 1 'nlar Falls
28
00
21-
-Bui iia \'i--la S. .s;., .7as)ier Co
9
70
24-
-Citiz.Mis of D-ivenport, through
100
00
27-
-Pnici-ros lif i-niii i'i't at Kelloiig,
tlin.ir'li n. F. FaH'son
17
00
29-
-Mite box at Ivirh ille
5
00
30-
-High Prairie M. E. Ch., Mtiseatine
8
hO
C-
-F. jr. Loomis, Jetl'erson
00
C-
-A. Downing, Boone
3
9r>
Total : $
V407 .W
IJflftJAN TEKUETWRT.
-An Unknown Friend at Ft. Reno
f5
00
KAISSAS.
Aug. 2.=)— L. B. Terrill, Wichita S300 00
2S — Israelites of Leavenworth 2.'i 00
29— E. Richardson, Kansas City 8t 00
31 — A. B. Haas, Leavenworth 2.t 00
Sept. 2 — Hebrew males, Atchison 40 00
2— Hebrew Ladies' Society, Atchison 2.5 I'O
G— M. H. Case, Mayor of Topekn 300 00
7 — Atchison Liederkranz, Atchison.. 2ri 00
9—('itizens of Dodge City 120 00
9— Employes Q..M. Dep't, Leavenw'h 204 00
10— Bertha Heltlingler, Leavenworth 12 00
11— Sam'l Taylor, jlavor of Newton.. 114 00
11— Howard Associalion, Holton 100 00
11— G. E. Morgan, Osage Citv 1 00
11— J. W. Crance, Ch'm'n, Leavenw'h 400 00
11— Wm. Crowell, Paoli 90 00
12— Citizens of Parsons 100 00
12— L. U. K., Wvandotte 1 00
12— M. E. Church and S. S., Les Cygne 28 7.5
1:! — Tuni-Verein, Topeka 54 00
14— Citizens of Atchison, thro' C. Kohr CH) 00
14 — Citizens of Hutchison 103 35
10— G. W. Batker, Les Cvane 15 ( 0
17— Citizens of Burlingliam ICO 00
17 — Officers and soldiers of Ft. Hayes. 45 50
17 -Citizens of Oskaloosa 35 00
17 — Conti itiution boxes it donations,
Liwrenre 40 50
15— Presbvteriau Church. Topeka 11 00
18— U. S. Army officers. Ft. Hayes 13 70
18— Officers Mil. Prison, Leavenworth 140 00
18— B. J. Pnrcell, Girard 35 25
18— Citizens of Ft. Scott 100 00
19— Harnionv F re Co., Junction City '25 00
20— U. P. S. S., Winchester 3 CO
20— Citizens of Wichita 7 .50
21— Citizens of Holton 47 77
22— Citizens of Wyandotte 220 00
21 — Officers, soldiers, ancl citizens, Ft.
Wallace lis 20
21— National Bank, B\irlington 147 00
22 — Citizens of Wichita " 144 35
23— Citizens and Centennial Lodge,
1. O. (). F., Fls, McPherson. . 31 70
23— Officers & soldiers. Ft. Mcl'hcrsoii 42 00
2.5— Young girls of .Tnnclion Citv 85 00
25— M. E. Society. Council (irove 8 .50
20 — Citizens of Wancgo 41 00
20 — Plymouth Con'_r. i h., L iwreni'c... 71 4-'
20— Ladies of Garnett 70 .S5
20 — Emmett Benev. Soc, Leavenw'h 50 00
27— lO.W. Spencer, Council (irove 5 00
27— Pupils of City Sclioo!s, Humboldt 4 '.'5
28— Ladies of Olatlie 75 50
Sept. 28— T'nion Sab. .'^choo!, Cherokee S 5 80
29— Citizens of Ottawti 30 -50
•29— Citizens of Leavenworlh 802 .'■0
30- Country Sab. Scli. near Holton.... 4 17
Oct. 1— S. T. Marjh. N> wt'.n 10 Ot)
1 — Citizens of Lawi' in i- 314 (0
2 — Citizens of ColK evillr 7i; 25
3— Citizens of Filgarlon 12 CO
3— Proceeds of ciiti-rtainm t. Olathe. l.s 00
3 — L'tiknown Fiieitd. (ls)>orne 2 91
3— Concert b\ di i kaiiz, Salina.... 4C4 CO
5— J. B. Ives, linuiila- 5 95
5— P. G. CM. am. 1. 1;. t.nib. and R.
C. \V. K. Fi iiiou. i;ilinghain. 27 (0
7— Proceeds of ( nm . rt, Fa wi etice. ... 5ii .5:;
7— U. P. Church cV: S. S.. .\oi Iraiville 8 15
7— 'Webster Filrrary Soc, Manhattan 15 OO
10- Citizens of Clyde Station 30 09
11- l'tiknown. La ('rosse 4-50
13— (iermanch. it BannerS.S., Holton 8 70
10— Jlite box, •■ l-aule ■■ Office. W ichita 9 45
18— R. B. Fi.sb r, ii-borne 1 00
20— Citizens of Alrbi-MH .50(5
20— Citizens (if .--t Marys 5 CO
21— Citizens (if .\n^;iista 57 K)
Nov. 7— E. J. Arnold, Raymond 9 CO
Dec. 13 — Citizens of Atchison 9 00
Total S6,.55y U7
KEISTIJCKV.
Aug. 22— Pres. Congregation, HtihcrStat'n. S 9 00
23— Erskine & Frsk inc, Ij nisville 25 CO
28— Jlrs. L, P. Corwiiie, .Mavsville 2 00
28— ,T. W. Ktiighlly. Louisville 25 00
29— Citizens ot Caseyville 26 00
29 — Louisville Clearing House, Louis-
ville 400 OO
29— James H. Buffington, Covington. 100 00
30— S. H. Dunscomb, Russellville 25 00
SO — C;itizens of fJlasgow 8i5 CO
30— L. L. Carpenter, Louisville 1 00
30 — Friends in Covington, through
Reliecca Swope....: ,30 00
31— Jno. Wandling, Owensboro 1.50 00
31— Jno. Wandliii<r, " foi Grenada 100 00
31— Citizens of Hetideison 400 CO
31— Citizens of IClklon 53 20
31— A Friend at Cadiz 2 tO
Sept. :— Jewish Relief Fund 100 00
2 — Passengers and emiilovts P. iS 1).
R. R., Paducah .". 30 CO
2— S. Levy, Allanville 20 CO
2 — Roval Instirance Ag'v, Louisville 100 00
2— Mu'tual Lodge, No. 1,' A. 0. U. W.,
Lexington 25 CO
2— Centennial Lodge, 40, A. 0. U.W.,
Lexington 10 03
2— Phantom Lodge, No. 15, K. of P.,
Lexington 10 00
2— Citizens of Carlisle 25 00
3- Jno. W. H(:wc Son, Carrollton. 2,50 00
3— Jno. H. l'.nlliin;ton, Covington.... ICO 00
3— Butchers (if Paducah 36 50
3— Misses Barziza. and .\le.\ander.
South Carrollton 20 35
.3 — Young ladies' conceit, (ihisgow,. 54 00
5— Christian Church, (uiirgetown.... 67 43
5 — Board of Education, Newport 50 W
5— M. C. Johnson, Lexington 300 00
5— Honor Lodge, .559, K. of H., Paris 25 00
5— Relief Committee, Franklin 50 00
e — Broadway St. Christian Church,
Lcxini;ton 40 45
6— A. O. IT. W. 53, llopkinsviUe Ifi 05
6— Colored Benev. Ass'n. llopkinsv'e 25 00
7- Meth. Colored Ch.. Hopk iiisville. 10 00
7 — Citizens of Pembroke 40 00
8 — Evergreen Lodge, No. 38, K. of P.,
Hopkinsville" 68 00
8 — Green and Barren River Nav. Co.,
Bowling Gieen 100 00
8— M. T. Bradley, CTeovjetown 204 (-5
9— Relief ( ■onuiiittee, Hadensville... 3.«2 00
9— L., C. & L. R R. Co., Louisville.... 200 00
9— Citizens of Cadiz 51 CO
APPENDIX.
345
Sept. 0— Relief Association, AViiiso S30 45
9 — T. J. Brogan, Lo\iisville 5 00
10— J. M. Gleoii, Carlisle 25 00
11 — Grant Green, Frankfort, for Holly
Sprins's 100 00
11— Blantoii Dnnoan, Louisville 20 00
11 — Relief Association, Nicholasville
and Jassamin 27.1 .'lO
12 — Citizens of Trenton Ifi TiO
12 — Christian Church S. S., Nevv)iort... 12 2."i
12— Cane Run, Burgeu BO 00
12— Antioch (;iiurc'li, Franklin 23 6.5
lo— Southern Relief Association, Paris 2.50 00
13 — Southern Relief Association, Pari.-;,
for Holly Springs 1.50 00
13 — Citizens of Winchester Ill .50
13— Sally Morris, Glasgow 10 .S5
13 — Proceeds concert, Pewee Valley.... Vs .50
13 — Citizens of Flemingsbnrg loo on
13— Relief Ass'n, Bowling Green 1.5i) o,i
14 — Citizens of Heuderson 212 20
14— Citizens of Cedar Bluff College,
Woorlburn 15 05
14— Entertainment at Dayton 100 0)
14— ,J. V. Morrow, Wingo (i 25
14— Citizens of Warsaw. 51 01)
14 — Broadwell Uuion S. S., Lairs Sla'n. 25 00
14 — Citizens of Lexington 23 25
14— Baptist S. S., Elktou ,50 00
14 — Citizens of Bowling Green 52 00
1.5 — Christian Church, Glasgow 27 55
Ifi — Miss 8. Allen, Lexingtmi 7.^ 00
l(i— Relief Soc. and W. C. A., Louisville 50 oil
10— Main Street S. S., Lexington 12 25
Ki—MiLsons of Newport T. 200 00
10 — Rescue Fire Co.. Paris 31 25
17— Colored Baptist Ch., Hopkinsville. 10 00
17 — Citizens of Lairs Station 13 25
17 — Citizens of Cynthiana 23 .50
17— Proceeds calico hop, Cynthiana 7f> oo
17— Congregational Clnirch, Pad\ieah,. 25 00
17 — Western Fin Corp., Lo\iisvi lie 500 00
18— Old Jassamin Ch\irch, Lexington.. 12 00
IH — Employes post-office, Shelljy ville.. 7 20
18- Methodist S. S., Cynthiana 15 oo
10— Confed. Relief Com., Lonisville.... Kill 00
19— Good Templars of McHenry 10 OO
19 — Citizens of McHenry ." 24 75
19 — Miss Anla Moore, Franklin 10 00
19 — Colored Citizens of Henderson .50 oO
20— Relief Committee, Elkton 20 00
20— ( 'itizens of North Middleton .54 05
20— Citizens of Carlisle.. 25 00
20— W. W. Mester, Mayfielrt S .50
20— Hunter Wood, Hopkinsville 25 00
20— M. E. Church, Sardis 7 85
21— S. P. Read, thro' Northern Bank
of Kentucky, Louisville 200 00
21— Citizens of .\rarion 45 00
21 — Citizens of Petersbnrgh 123 53
21 — Nicholasville & .Tassamine South-
ern Relief Committee 120 70
21— South'n Relief Fund, Caldwell Co. 25 00
22— fUinrch at Big Clifty 5 00
22— Rev. .J. Bey, Pleas niton 20 00
21— Relief Committee, Harrodsburg.... 1.50 00
2.5— B. F. Cabell, Woodburn 1 00
211— Vallev Lodge, 58, A. O. U. W.,
Covington 100 00
26 — Citizens of Louisville 105 00
20— L. Schepp, Louisville iro 00
27— Northern Bank of Lexington 172 71)
27 — Citizens of Warsaw 00 00
28— .I.imes Jackman, Greelvboro 5 oo
29— W. W. Ballard, Penhop'e 20 00
Oct. 1— Citizens of Mavsville 149 55
3— Robert Pfeiffer, Paris 5 00
4— R. Y. Pendleton, Pembroke 12 00
11— C tizensof Ghent 62 00
11 — Mrs. J. K. Schooler's two sons,
Slielbyville 2 00
10 — Citizens of Dixon 49 05
Nov. 0— Mess. Wheats & Co., Maysville 25 00
Louisvir^i-E Clea ring-House.
Sept. 3— .320 bags flour 100 00
3 — 1 bbl. rice, 1 bbl. sugar, 1 hag coffee,
1 box tea, 1 case baked beans 85 54
Sept.
Oct.
3 — 1 tierce hams, 1 cask bacon $127 40
3—25 bbls. potatoes .32 50
3—3 cases corn beef 11 10
3—1 case sago, 1 case tapioca 25 09
3 — 5 bbls. crackers ]i mi
9— .300 lbs. roasted coffee 57 III
9 — 1000 paper bags ]i -/u
9 — 0 doz. brandy .^6 oo
9 — 2 bbls. white sugar, 1 box tea 09 03
9—2 casks Scotch ale, 3 doz. ext. beef. .53 00
9—10 f)bls craclcers 33 02
9—10 bbls. corn meal, 10 bVjls. grits.... .54 00
9 — 2 tierces hams 93 .S4
9—5 bbls. beef, 3 tierces breakfast
bacon i:',4 .jd
9 — 1.50 jugs Seltzer water 18 75
12 — 300 lbs. roasted colfee, .50 lbs. mus-
tard, 1 bbl. mustard meal 89 24
12 — 12 doz. branily 50 00
12—2 casks .Scotch ale 34 .50
12 — 12 bbls. crackers 37 :'.5
12 — 140 <'ans corn beef 84 70
12 — 5 bbls. ham sausage 70 30
12 — 24 doz. cans t<uiiiiU)es 2J .so
12—10 bbls. lieef 115 (III
12 — 9 doz. extract beef 35 75
13— 90 bbls. potatoes 120 Oil
13 — l.so bags flour 1.50 00
18 — 1 doz. Boneset Ionic 28 00
18— 00 coflins and dressed lumber 315 ill)
18 — 10 coffins and caskets 2.59 95
18—2.1 oz. quinine 95 00
18— .50 clinical thermometers, 1 1)1)1.
bucliu leaf 104 05
3— Fresh fruit 8 07
Total (Clearing-house; S2..582 84
Total Donations 8,810 .52
Grand Total tll,393 30
I.OII5SIANA.
Aug. 28 — Ameriern Cotton Tie Association
of New Orleans $1,000 00
31 — TTnknown, Hammond 5 00
Sept. 0— Clem. St. .Tames 10 (10
14 — Henry Kind.-nian. Monroe 10 00
17 — Slireveport Ward Committee 320 15
22 -E. it B. .Jacobs. Shreveport 25 00
Oct. 22 — Proceeds of raffle liv Miss Temple-
man ol Slireveport '25 00
20— St Paul's Colored Church, Shreve-
port, throimli Howard Associa-
tion, New (.)rleaiis '22 00
20 — F. (iantier * Sous, W. Pascagonla,
tliri)n'-'h Howard Association,
New Orleans 10 Oo
Total ?1,4'27 15
MARYI..4Xin>.
4— Ira P. Pleasants & Son, Baltimore.. $50 00
2— Mite box, Adams liX)). Co., " .. !iO OO
fi— Wilson Burns Lt Co., Baltimore 1.50 00
19- Wm. Warhuri;, Baltimore 25 00
20— Citizens of Cheslertown .50 00
23— Hon. F. C. Lalrobe, Baltimore 47 23
24— Deaf and Dumb Inst., Baltimore.. 5 00
24— Citizens of Oakland si; 75
4— J. J. Nicholson & Sons, Baltimore 2 oil
Total $195 98
Aug.
Sept.
Nov.
Sept. 7— Citizens of Portland $500 00
10— Citizens of B ith 200 00
20— Norwich Com., South Portlaml 50 00
27 — Citizens of Waterville 67 tO
Total - ¥817 00
34G
APPEJsDIX.
M ASS ACII FSK ITS.
Sept,
Oct.
1— I'llowild House, Cambridge $ 15 00
2— H. L. rierce, niavor, Boston.'. 100 00
0— Citizen*-' Keliel' Com., Lynn 1,000 00
11 — Exeontive Com., Lowell", through
J. S. I.udson 200 00
14— Churches, Shelljunie FalLs i)0 00
IG— Relief CoLniuittee, .Salem 250 00
17 — Employes Brewster, Henrv & Co.,
Brookfielrt ." 20 20
20— Citizens of Nortli AUleboro 321 00
20 — Citizens of Bariuird.siou'n 07 SI
23 — St. Piitriel;'s T. Association, South
Hadley Falls 25 00
24— Citizens of Newburyp^rt 1,000 00
25— Relief Ciinimittee, Salem 500 00
27— iKt Coir_'. Society, Greenfield IG .50
27 — Citizens' Com. of Greenfield 21 47
2S— J. Rosters, Lowell 300 00
1— St. John's Episcopal Cli., Farm-
innh.'im 19 30
1— Cony, i liurch, Coleraine 13 00
1 — Uuliiiowii friend, Quiney 5 00
Totiil $3,964 28
Bept.
MINXJESOr.i.
4— .1. A J , Mankato $10 00
8— Business men of Northfleld G7 CO
10— Cataract Eusine Co., Red Wing 25 00
11 — Citizens of Winona 24 85
13 — Locomotive Brotherhood, St. Paul
Div., 1.50, St. Paul 25 00
1.5- 1st I'ri-s. Church, Alinneapulis 25 00
Hi— Spauldiu- I 'line. S. S., Xorthfi Od.. ,30 00
IG— Town L ne S, S., Northtield 20 00
IG— c, i;.\V. Sciitt. Minneapolis 25 00
IG— ( ■nllectmiis Siate l'"air, St. Paul lis 00
IS— City Council, Stillwater 100 00
18 — Citizen.s of Winona 2G 85
1,S— J., P. 0. Box 1145, Mankato 10 00
20 — Presbyterian and Congregational
Clinn hcs, \\ inona 73 32
20— Citizens of Farminston IG 00
20 — Citizens of Belle Plaine 3G 50
20— C. M. Hooper, Belle Plaine 5 00
20— VV. VV. Tliompson, Belle Plaine 1 00
20— E. Zimmerman, Belle Plaine 1 00
20— .Tno. Schlitz, Belle Plaine 3 00
20— Citizens of Belle Plaine 25 .50
■21— Churches of Winebago Citv 20 00
2'2— 4 little u'irls, Jlinneapolis 10 28
23— Coui. Clinrch & Soc., Alexandria... 11 00
2.)— Presbyterian S. S. of St. Cloud 10 15
25— IL A. Parkes, Red Wing .50 00
29— Citizens of FairbauU KKI 0(1
30 — Police Department, Mlnneap<ilis.., GDI! (10
2 — D. H.Williams, mayor, Rocliester.. 3ss 42
3— Citizens of Northfleld 42 4',)
3 — Citizens of Mintiesota, tliro' Gov.
Pillsburv, St. Paul 500 00
7— Citizens of St. Paul 80 00
7 — Union Sunday School, Pilot Grove G 00
10 — Proceeds horse trot, Miinieapolis... 119 75
10— D. H. William.s, mayor, Roclie'feter. 4ij 00
Total S2,G.51 77
SIOXTAXA.
Sept. 21 — Ma.sons of Jlontana, tbrongh Nat.
Bank, St. Louis ?200 00
22— Citizens of Montana 200 00
29— E. M. Govern, 'Virgiuia City 5 00
Oct. 15 — Ma.j. A. L. Clupton, 3d Infantry, at
Fort Mi.ssouli 10 00
15— Ass't Surgeon S. 0. Robinson, Ft.
Hfissouli 5 CO
15— Arthur Williams, 2d lieutenant, Ft.
Missotili 5 00
15 — Citizens of Fort Benton .5('>2 00
Total .5987 00
Oct.
Aug. 31— Detroit " Free Pre.ss," Detroit 5100 00
Sept. 4— Cilizeii,.- of (irand Rapids 500 00
.5— ( ■illzl■ll^ of Kalamazoo 400 00
."i — A. ,1. lladscil, Hiirtlord 5 00
G — Citizens of Laiisnig 7.5 1 (i
(r-Gymnasium Clulj, Grand Rapids. 100 IKI
G — Red Ribbon Reform Club, Aim
ArLor 73 15
e— Natlian Ciiurch, Grand Rapids.... .50 00
7 — Citizen.s of Monroe : 8 (id
7 — A. P. Baldwin, treasurer, Detroit ,500 00
8 — Employes eiistora house. Port
Huron 39 00
8 — Women's Liirisiian Temp. Union,
Dexter 10 00
9 — Citizens of Lansing 25 00
9 — Citizens of Detroit, thro' "Free
Press" CO 00
9 — Citizensof Bav City, tlinmgh Hon.
Geo. Lord 2.50 00
9— Citizens of BlissHeld 32 00
9 — Second National Bank, Detroit,
for Grenada 300 00
9 — Citizens of Jluskegon, throtigli
Mayor Holt 200 10
11— Citizensof L.-insing 125 00
11— Citizens of .lackson, through C. C.
Bloomlield 2C0 OO
11 — Citizensof Detroit, thro' "Free
Press " 133 00
11— Citizens of Hastings IIG 25
13 — 1st Pres.-Church, East Saginaw.... 23 G2
13— Citizens of Novi 25 OO
13— Citizens of Portland 101 00
13— Cong, Church. Ann Arbor... 31 25
13— I'aliiuT Lod'^e, K. of i'., 20, St.
Clair 28 00
13— Mrs. A. .M. .Meeks, St. Clair 7 .59
13— Citizens of St. Clair 99 19
13-Citizeiis of St. Clair . 95 78
15 — Enti'rtaiiini'l Ladies' Relief Soc.,
St. .loscpli 105 (0
1.5— Coul;. Chun h, Rochester 18 00
IG— Citizens of Port Huron KO 00
IG— Citizen.s of Coldwater 100 00
IG — Employes and boarders, Dudley
House, Mason 18 00
IC — Citizens of Detroit, thro' " Free
Press" 2.50 00
IG — Citizens of Detroit, through 11. P.
Baldwin 1,200 CO
16— Citizens of Dexter 75 00
1() — Fire Company, Si. ,Ioe .54 SO
16— Citizens of Hi?udei.sou 200 00
17 — Citizens of Wilmington 51 00
17-Citizens of liecatnr S3 00
17— Citizens of Itonico 131 00
17— Citizens ol Harllord .50 00
17— Citizens ol ( helse.i 159 (lO
19— Firemen at i.Jiiiui v 50 00
19-Old SoliMers' and' .Sailors' Club,
Ishpeniiiiig lOG 40
19— Old Soldiers' and J^ailors' Club,
Ish|)cniiiiig 10 00
19— Mii.sonic fr.teriiit,\-, Flint 100 00
19— Citizens of l)etn)it 1,200 Oil
19— Ref. Dutch Church, Kalamazoo... 31 00
21— E. G. Raymond, Herscv 2 10
2l— Cong. Ciiurch, Rochester 10 00
21 — Citizens of Hersey 25 00
21— Citizens of Greenville 100 00
21 — Citizens of Detroit, thro' "Free
Press" 100 00
22— H. J. Price. Marshall 15 00
22— Capt. Ilawleit. Gniiid Haven 5 00
22— .Iiio, .Mc'l ic, Craiid ILneii 2 00
22— H. W. liusiK ie, Grand Haven 2 00
22 — ,Jno. Hopkins, Grand Haven 3 00
22— Cluirelies at Holland 221 .58
22 — Proceeds of dance. Cutler House,
Grand Haven 24 75
22— Mii'liiiian Siale Fire As.sociatiou,
Qiiiney 43 79
22— C. C. Lat, JIackiiiac Ill 00
22— School children of .\nse 23 00
22— Citizens of Marshall 131 94
22— Citizens of Zilwaukee 40 (jU
APPENDIX.
347
Sept., 2'2-~CUbens' Relief Cnm., Flint $iai no
'23— Relief (Join, at R:e 1 ritv ] "> nn
■24— U P. Dii)ljle, MarsliaU 10 00
'24— Oitiz MIS of Urand Kapiiis 'i'lO 0(1
'25— Citizens of Cti-anfl Kapids 4.". .M
'2')— 'litiZJiis of Lansins 00
?.i— Citizons i)f Marqnette ]2'> 40
20— Jt. E. Cluiri'li i)f Hanover 1". on
'25— ilitizL'ns of Monroe 20 'J;
'2.3— Prisoners, Michigan State Prison,
.la"kson 10 00
'27— Ciini;. Clinrch at Alamo !i M
27— It'ifuiiibon Clnb, (!ran<l Blanc. . Is (lo
27-"itiz 'OS of Bi^ Riipids 21 00
27—11. W .M.itliew.s, I'dW Paw 2 :iO
'2!)— Citizens of .^lleaan 110 Oo
'2',) — Citizens of Detroit, tliro' "Free
Press" 71) 00
2n— Citi^'OS of Muskegon 7'.i 00
Oct. '2— 1st Pres. Ciiureli, Sault .Ste. Marie M5 00
2— .r. K. Cessaner, ZiUvankee 21 lO
2— \. i) Savler (Treas.l, Ann Arbor. 24 (ii)
■2— R 'd Ribbon Cluij, Ann .Vrbor 0 00
3— W. B. .Foluisfna, Rockford 2 40
4— 1). B, Pen 0 is, Coldwater 150 no
7— .Sontii .faekson S, S., .I.ickson 20 77
7— Citizens of Romeo :t\ 25
7— Reformed Claurcli, Amanda 10 OO
7— Ref. Cluu'ch and S. S. of Niesland .S . 41
11— Oermau Aid Society, Manistee.... KM) 00
13— Detroit "Free Pres.s," Detroit 100 01)
22— (Mtizens of Detroit 7U0 00
Nov. 0— Citi/, MIS of Detroit, from H. P.
Baldwin 250 00
7 — Citizens of Otsego !i no
Total $11,200 i:,
]«ii.s.sotTitr.
Aug. 22— Watkios & Gilliland, St. Lotiis.... SlOO 00
•23— Hebrew V. M. Lit. 8oe..St. Lonis. '2.50 00
24— M.' re h ants' E.vciiangc, St. Eonis.. '250 00
'27— E. Fairb inks, Sedalia 5 00
'27— Merelianls' Exchange, St. Louis.. 1,000 o i
30—0 B. Frank, St. Joseph 100 00
30— ';itiz 'lis of Cape Gir.irdean 200 00
30— Meritlnxnts' E.xoliange, St. Louis,. 600 00
31— BMitou Lodge I.tJ.O.F., St. Louis 25 00
Hept. 1— Citizens of Ottervillc .55 00
2— Citizens of Cliamois 51 00
2 - Citizens of Montros" 52 70
'2 — Cilizens of Monticello 10 00
'2— Friends of Slielbina 3 Oo
'2 — Citizens of Palmvr i 133 75
3— .Vverv Wolfolk &. Co., Moberlv.... 2iK 00
3— Mayor of Sedalia,. ? 250 00
3— Citizens of Appleton CilV 50 00
3— M •i-.'baiits' Exehange, St. Louis.. 400 00
4— .1. .\r, Hal met, Hunt.sville 39 00
4— W. M 'DonaM, Carrollton 100 00
4— R'liel Committee St. Joe, Mo.,
through .foe Olds 200 00
5— Collee. by Misses Foster. Filche,
and Greenfield, through Mereh-
.ants' E.Kohauge, St. Louis 50 00
5— Citizens of Fayette 80 00
.5— Citizens of Sturgeon 43 ,55
6— (Mtiz 'lis of New Madrid 21 30
6— Cilizens of Lexington 05 00
0— ('itizens of Mexico 200 00
6— J. F. Gruelicli, mayor, Booncville BOO 00
t; -("Citizens of Mousterratt 32 75
6— Citiz 'OS of Clarksville 34 17
fi— Citizens of C(mimerce 21 00
(i— Citizens of Cambridge 34 ,50
7— Citizens of Hyattville 30 00
7— Merchants' Exchange, St. Louis,
through G. H. Morgan 250 00
7— Employes " Globe Democrat," St.
Louis 6 S5
7— >L F Uovle (Treas.), Lexington.. 50 O'l
9-M. F. Rovle (Treas.), Lexington.. 104 50
9 -Citizens of Craig.. 100 00
9— Citizens of Maysville '22 ()5
9— Citizens ofCharleston 100 00
Sept. 9— Brunswick, Mo., thro' jrcrchnnts'
Excliani;e, St. Louis S53 '..5
9— Windsor, Mo,, thro' Merchants'
K.M'hange, St, Lo\iis 00 00
9— Plrasanl Hili,Jto.,lliro' Merch'us'
I'^xciiange, SI, Loui.s ]0 ( 0
0— Avery Wolfolk. Mobcrly IJO 0
1(1— .A. .M. Ilaswfll. Sprlngllelii no oo
II— ,\l>l)lelon.X(>yc s* JIan(le,St Lonis 50 01)
II— Citizeiisof Meu)]>his 01 00
11— W H. Stearne, Neoshonie ISO 00
11— M( hts' Ex.Kelief Com., St. LoUis, 500 CO
11— Citizens oi Jeft'cr.-on 139 W
12 -Basket-meeting. M. E. Ch., Chilli-
(othe 0 (',0
13— Cilizens of .MonioeCity r.O 93
i:!~('itizeiis of PlatlS'ljUi'g." 125 00
13— M. E. (■huirh. Trenton 5 00
13— Citizens of ('olliml)ia 428 05
13— Uelicf Ass'n, St. Joseph 400 00
13- — Relief Ass'll, " for Grenada. 100 00
11 — Fire Co. of Mexico 15 00
14— C. 11. Loseley, Slielbina 75 00
M—Lodge 1.S5, F. & A. M., Ligonier,. 4.'> 00
14 — Jno. J, .Miller, Warrensburg 5 28
14— J. F. Covington, Butler 3 7(;
11 — Citizens of Iiockpr>rt 3(i 05
14 — llramiitic Ass'ii, Ediiia 34 35
14 — Presby teriiin Cliiiri4i, Kdina HI 15
14 — Citizens of Princeton 70 .50
1.5 — Presliy terian ( hnrcli, Weston 00 on
Ki— Preslivteriaii Cliurcli, Ciirrolltun.. 20 00
ICi— G. W. McKinstry, St. Louis 5 oO
17— Relief Coinmiltee, Lexington 80 00
17— Citizens of Indeiieiidehce 2.5(1 40
17 — Cilizens of .li fl'eison City 194 70
17 — Citizens of l!oone\ ille 350 00
17— Relief Committee. St. Louis 1,515 (10
1/— .\pplelon Lodge, K.I'.,lIaiinilial.. 25 liO
17— W. A. MeCalise, Mt \'ernoli 15 00
17— R. A. (lerstman ( nil ilii i, St. Joseph 19 17
17- Citizens of Kirksville 210 73
l.S— M. E. Church, Ilolrien 12 .50
19 — Ncedhani Sikcs, Sikeston 'Si Ct
20— J. M. Marimiillike. Mexico It 05
'20— M. E. S. S.. Ti-enton C, 50
'20 — Citizens of I'ldmyr.-i 104 95
'20— (_'itizcns ol Wnin'nton- Ci 05
20— Citizens of Modoc 5 00
20 — Cilizens of Lamar ('5 50
20— Citizens of W.'irsaw .50 00
'20- Citizens of Fnlton ( 7 .55
20~Citizens of Ji.plin Z3) .'5
20— Citizens of lligginsville :'0 00
20— C:tizcns of Mt. Vernon 15 l O
'20— Citizens of Potosi 100 00
'21— Citizens of AuUville 30 40
21— Cliurch Birminghiim, thro' A. L.
Shotwell, St. Lonis 33 31',
'21— West lily Lodge, S. of T., Hannibal l."i 00
21— Citizens of Marvsville 2:'„S 75
21— Citizens of St. L'lUis 400 00
21— Relief fund, St. Lonis '2cn ( 0
22 -M'ss Sue V. Crane, Palmyra 1 I'O
22— J. Van Dyke, Marshall 14 70
22— C tizens of Princeton 19 3.i
'2'2— Citizens of rnionviUe 42 42
'2'2— Jnn. pM'jc, Page City 33 00
21— Citizens of Capo Girardeau 100 i 0
'24— Citizens of Kirksville 39 40
2.')— Relief Comniitiee, Lexington 10 00
'2.5— J. S W.illace, Brunswick 10 15
2.5— M. F. Spanldinir. B unswiek 3(1 50
25— A. U. Ihiswell, Springfield 35 70
2.5— Citiz' iis of Lancaster 40 oo
211— Salt Pond Bap. ch., Marshall 10 .5.S
'27— Citizens of Plattshurg 29 75
27— ( hristlan S. S , Edina 10 00
27— Good Templars of Breckenridge.. 13 (!0
'27 — Cierman .'\ss'n, Kansas City 107 00
27 — Citizens of Columbia 110 7,s
'J.S— Sabbath Sclnwilof Platte City 0 75
2S— Belli. Wood, Kansas CitV 29 71
2.S-M. E. Church, Mecklin 5 OO
'29— Board of Trade. Kansas ( itv -to 00
'29— Relief fund of Weston 40 00
■j;)_rong. Ch. & S. S., Somernill 40 00
'29— Citizens of Liberty 212 00
'29— EmnlovOs of Gla.sgow Bridge 120 OJ
348
APPE>?DIX.
Sept. 29— Southern Relief Ass'n, St. Joseph 8300 00
29— Suutheni Relief Ass'n, St. Joseph,
f(ir Greenville 200 00
30— Baptist Churcli, Independence 20 50
40 — Soiuliern Relief Com. .Lexington 68 70
30 — Unlcp.own friend, Sedalia 5 00
Oct. -S-fitiZL-ns of Gunn City 67 75
10 — Union Christian Aid Ass'n, Lee's
Summit 25 00
10 — Ohio & Miss.Rivere nployes.thro'
A. Donaldson, St. Louis 633 81
10— Citizens of Burton 17 50
Id— Unknown friend, St. Lonis 1 00
13 — Countrv adjoining Independence 12 75
13— S.S , S.of T.',& citizens of Palmyra w; 50
If) — Colored citizens of Kirkwood 15 .55
II)— Fabius Fair Ass'n, Pahnvra 332 S5
Iti— Gymnastic Ass'n, St. Louis 200 00
30-Relief Com.. St. Josepli 76 80
30— Relief Com., " for Brownsville 100 00
30 — J. A. Finer, mayor of St. Joseph... 308 15
Nov. 11— M. F. Royle, Lexington 6 .50
. 19— Great Western GlassCo., St. Louis. 50 00
27— A lady of Marshall . , 50
Total $16,891 37
5IISSIIS.SIPPI.
Aug. 23— Unknown friend, Oxford $ 1 00
26— J. J. Thornton, Coldwater 50 00
31 — Citizens of Horn Lake, for Grenada 73 20
Sept. 2— Milton Blocker, Olive Brancli 5 00
5— Citizens of Friar's Point 75 00
6— Dr. A. J. Foster, Bennett's L ind'i^. 20 00
7— Citizins of Como 23 00
17- Phcenix Ins. Co , Nat;-hez 50 00
18— Contribution bv Rev. Hoiu'vcntt,
Phoenix ." '. 10 00
18— Jno. Clark, Clarl<sdale 10 00
18— Anderson & Sandridge, Coldwater.. 100 00
21— Citiz..'ns of Oxford 20 00
2L — Mis-ics Effie Small & Mary Adams,
Corinth 7 00
22— Citizens of Columbus 100 00
24 — Miss Kate E. May & otbers,Charles-
town 10 25
21— J L. Jones, Conio 5 00
24— Sabbath School, Conrtland 5 00
Oct. 2— Miss Clara Conway, Friar's Point.. 5 00
12— Citizens of Oxford 50 20
16— Citizens of Coldwater 8 00
Nov. 22— W. Y. Eckels, Senatobia 100 00
Total $727 65
Miscrxi.AJVEors.
Atig. 30— Liverpool, Eng., thro' J. B. Laffitte
& Co. New Orleans $500 00
Sept. 1 — Liverpool, Eng., thro' J. B. Laffitte
& Co., New~Orleans 250 03
1.5— Liverpool, Eng., thro' V.& P.Bank,
Memphis 729 75
Oct. 17— LivHrpool.Eng., thro' J. B, Laffitte
& Co.. New Orleans,fin- Grenada 500 00
17— Citizens of Liveriwol. Enar., thro'
J B. Laffitte & Co.. New Orleans 1,458 00
.*ept. 11— Brown. Shipley & Co. .London. Eng 243 '25
6— Mrs. Newhnrg. Prov.of Ontario.... 1 00
11— Chas. A. Hester. Shulenberg, Out. 30 00
Oct. 3— Citizens of Shulenberg, Ontario... 228 66
22— Citizens of St. Thomas, Ontario .. 12 75
22— Pres. Ch., St. Thomas, Ontario .. 55 00
1.5— D. B. Warren, U. S. Consul, St.
J >hn, New Brunswick VO 00
29-G. B. Cusliin?. St. John, N. B 103 00
Sept. 6— Stones River Nat. Bank 34 55
13 — Proc. concert ptipils German Ch..
thro' Prof.C.H.Lachmund 20.50
14 — T^nknowti 2 00
17— Unknown ] 00
18— Dr S A. Reeves. Orangeburg 4 75
18— Winchester Mus Club. Winchester - 27 45
Sept. 20— A. T. Fuzf^r, Clermont, bv W. A.
Kendall $ 6 .50
21— Du West Church, bv H. M. Young .53 00
21— Mrs. Carrie A. .Moffet 1 2.5
21 — Etitertainment Ijv musical club... 3 75
21— Misses E. Barton & Helen Cailoss 12 25
23— Unknown 5 00
25— Valley Mills* Searsville Bap Cli.,
llirough A. Lanna 01 25
2.5 — Unknown lady l (lu
25 — Germ Bass Cluti, Effingham 7;i 00
24 — Unknown 5 (lU
"26 — Lo< ust Grove Church, thro' M. A.
Garrott 11 25
27— UnkiiOAvn 2 00
28 — Citizens of Green bush 220 25
27— Ladies' Relief As'sn.tliro' Am. Ex. 188 00
29— Unknown 38 50
Oct. 2— Unknown 2 00
4— H. W Scheidmantlc, Grapeland.. 14 75
7— J. H. King. Stillman Valley 151 60
9 — Unknown '. 7 40
9 — Unknown, thro' S, M. Jones .36 67
U — E nplovces Wabash R. R. Machine
Shops 7 00
13— Relief Committee. Rnssellville.... 46 00
1,5— Unknown 1 00
15— Unknown 1 00
16— E. L. Marlin. Reideiiville 8 '25
16— W. A. Stettin, Si. Simon's Mills,
Jno. Johnson 75 00
17— F. J. Thorp, Rockv INIount 22 62
29— Geo. Kennedy, Pa"ttisonville 95 70
31— Free Sons of Israel 35 00
Sept. 19 — Entert'm'nt Spring Bank Hotel,
St. Catherine's. Ontario 60 00
19 — Citizens of Lynch's Station, L. &
D. R. R 15 :0
19— E. W. Porter, St. Thomas, Ontario 2 00
Total $.5,61 7 95
Unknort n, different sources 3,989 2:^
Grand total $9,007 18
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Sept 17— Relief Committee, Manchester $51.0 00
21— Citizens of Portsmouth, by Hon.F.
J.ames 500 00
23— Citizens' Relii f ('(uu., JIanchester. COO 00
Oct. 3— Citizens of Milton trills 5.50
Nov. 6 — Joseph Dow, Hampton 2 00
Total $1,607 .50
NEW MEXICO.
Oct. 2— Ladies of Sante Fe $75 00
1.5 — Proc. entertainment, Sante Fe 69 30
Total $1-34 30
NEVAI»A.
Sept. IS— Employes Va. & Truckee R. R..
Virginia Citv $408 00
]9_F. & A. M., Eureka 44 94
•20— Mavor Belknap, Viiginia City 25 (H)
20— Good Templars, Virginia < it v 113 00
ii— Parker Lodge, I.O.O.F..Gold Hill. 50 00
2.5— Lndies of Central City 402 00
26— Officers & soldiers. Ft. McPherson. ,50 00
Oct. 10— Ladies of Gold Hill 150 00
1,S— Chapter 5, R A. M., Eureka 50 00
23 -H. L. Tickault, Carson 82 o:j
Total $1,374 94
NEBRASKA.
Aug. 27— Conductors' Brotherhood, Omaha. 3 2.5 00
ArPENDIX.
349
Aug. 28-
2i)-
29-
30-
Scpt. 5—
-R. II. Will)nr, maynr, Omaha .*10:i 00
-KL'lief (Joiiimittcfi Kiirth Philtc... 2.">0 UO
•Mr.&Mi>..S.M.Beiio(iict.LiiiC(iln... 00
-R. II. Wilbiii', mayi'f, Ouiulia l.OOO 00
Citizeii.s ol' Plattsmoutli 2.')0 oo
G. A. Aeken, Humboldt f) 00
S — Bra.ss and string band.s of North
Platte 110 00
8 — Citizen-^ of Fremont, thro' David-
son & Sheridan 22125
9— Cit zens (jf K:air KS .su
9— H. ('. Ties, Lincoln 1 i:o
9 — t'ontribntioiis from Lincoln 90 00
9— R. H. Wilbur, mayor, Omaha 350 00
12— CIlY of Asliland..." 2:J ;j5
12— .Sid)iey liaiik of iS'ebraska 42 00
16— Citizens of Brownsville 151 00
16—50 citizens o£ Ell; Hoi'u Valley 90 00
16 — Citizens of Lincoln, by \V. J.Qulu-
lan 100 00
10- AV. .1. QninUin, for Lincoln .'iS .13
18— ,T. R. .Moore, Omaha 1,50 00
19- Union Sjbbath School, Fairfield.. ,50 00
19- Chairman Ex. Com., Beatrice 128 00
20— Citizens of Pawnee Citv 101 75
20— R. H. Wilbur, mayor, Omaha 3.50 00
22 — Presbyterian Chuich, TecUmah... 5 67
22— Unioii Sabbath Sclmol, Teckmah. 3 40
22— Rev. W. G. 0., Teckmah 93
22— Jliss Mary Wright, Pawnee City.. 5 00
23— Citizens of Piattsmouth "... 90 00
23— St. Luke's Epis,Ch.,Plattsmouth.. 10 00
24— Citizens of Crete 14 00
27— Crete Dramatie Club & M. E. Ch.. ,so oo
'27— Citizens of Nebraska City 3so 00
'29 — Indian children of Omaha Mission 5 00
Oct. 2— Mrs. Mary A. George, Clarksville. 33 21
7 — L. E. Zimmerman, Beatrice 61 50
15— Mite box, Meth. Ch., Pawnee City. 2 97
19 — Citizens of Fremont 21 00
■29— W. W. Oline, Hastings 5 00
JNov. 6— Citizens of Fairmont, thro' H. S,
Gordon 71 15
Total $1,500 41
IN'EW JEUSEY.
Any;. .31— Trinity Church, Eliz.ahetli SIO 00
31— B, ble class, 1st Ref. S. S., Bayonne 9 00
Sept. 6— Citizens of Red Bank 84 50
9— St. John's Church, Somerville.for
Grenada 40 00
10— D. B. Bodine, mayor, Trenton ISO 00
10— Prospect St. Pres. Ch., Trenton ... 170 00
11— Citizens of Orange 300 00
13— Citizens of Trenton 1.50 00
14- B.iptist Church, New Market 16 00
14— .las. D. Hall, Trenton ,50 00
17— 0. B. Bodine, mayor, Trenton 100 00
18— 1st Bapli.st Ch.,thro' 1st Nat.Bauk,
.Memphis 104 00
15— Y. M. C A., Plainfield 124 00
18— J. Van Winkle, Patterson 10 00
■20— .1. D. Hall, Trenton 1.50 00
■20— Citizens of Red Bank V20 00
■20—1) B Bodine, mavor, Trenton 100 00
21— Relief fund, Trenton. tliro'.J. I ). Hall r25 00
21— Citizens of " thro' J. D.Hall .50 00
22— Empliiy<^sConrtlaud Wagon Man-
ufacturing Co 40 00
'24— Committee of Moiniiouth .lunc... .50 OO
'2.5 — (;. a. Gr'cn, Woodimry 25 00
2.5— T. B.Stephens, Hoboken 15 00
■26— H. B. Sherman, Newark 10 00
Oct. 1— Rev, J. D. Hall. Trenton 3.50 00
■2— (Citizens of Red Rank 23 00
.5— JIavor Yates of Newark 1,000 00
13— .1. S. Long, Freehold ■JO 00
16— E L. Joy, Newark 200 00
17— Citizens of Trenton 64 89
18— Citizens of Orange 210 00
19— Citizens of llightstown 45 .50
■2.3- E. n. Ell, Trciitni. 3 00
No\. 11-Ladies of Monlclair 34 78
Total ¥3,983 67
iM:W YORK.
Aug. 21— R. B. Gardner, New York $310 00
22— \y. A. ( amp, manager. New York 2.'0 00
'22— \y. A. Caniji, manager. New York '2.50 i n
22— W. A. Camji, manager. New York,
lor (irenada Jon (in
'--'—I-'- J. Garth, Son & Co., New York 15 en
27-Clianiber of Com., from Drexcl,
Morgan & Co ,-,(;() i li
27— ClKimbcr of Com., from Drexel,
Morgan * Co i i d
28— J. L. McCanley, tieas., Cotton Ex-
change, New York ,si 0 IK)
28— Rice, Lowenstein, S. and others.
New York ],noo no
29— J. Cunningham, Son & Co., Roch-
ester ](io no
29— Chamber of Com,, thro' Drexel,
Morgan & Co , New York 1,7.50 00
29— Hon. S. Campbell, Utica 2.'0 00
SO— (). Lanfer & Co., New York ^25 (10
;jO— Exchange Relief Fund, thro' A,
E. Orr, Ne-w York ."liO 0)
30— Jacksiin ct O'Hara, Church street.
New York 25 00
31— W. A. Camp, manager. New York 250 (lO
Sept. 2— Allen & B., Astor House, New
York 100 01)
2— I. P. Morgan, treas , Ne\v York,.. 2,( no Oil
2— Tno. H. Rochester, Rochester -.OO (10
■2— C. (J. Hyne, New York 77 50
2— New York '■ Ih raid," New York.. ('84 30
3— M. Vassar, Jr., Ponghkecpsie 5 00
4— J. S- Warren it Co.,"NeAV York ^25 00
4— J. P. Morgan, treas., New Yoik..,, 1,000 OO
4— Mrs. E. A. Hopkins, Catskill 25 do
4— New York " Herald," New Y'ork.. 62 10
0— Israelites of Syracuse, by Drexel,
Morgan & Co lOO 00
C— New York Stock Exchange, thro'
W. H. Smith ],]:-5 oo
fi— New Y'ork '■ Herald," New York.. r22 .'-0
6— W. A, Camp, manager. New Y'ork l.:0 00
6— Citizens of Troy, through Drexel,
Woigan it Co T. 500 (rll
6— Diexel, M. & Co., for Brownsville ^00 (lO
6— Drexel, M. & Co , New Y'ork 1,.5(0 00
0— (.'itizens of Brooklyn, thro' Ripley
Roper 1,000 00
7— Jno. H. Rochester, Rochester '200 00
7— Cotton Exchange, through J. L.
McCauley, New York 500 00
8— New York " Herald,"' New Y'ork.. S9 30
9— Dan'l Krouse A Sons, Utica 10 00
10- Drexel, Morgan & Co., New Y'ork. ],5U0 00
10— " Insurance Jlonitor," New Y'ork ,53 GO
11— T, W. Devoe, New Y'ork ,50 00
11 — Jno, Arnot, Elmira 100 ('(•
11 — C. Lindsay, Elmira 'joo lO
11— I.sraelites "of Syracuse" 150 to
11— Drexel, Morgan & Co., New Y'ork, 2,000 00
11— "New York Herald," New Y'ork . 52 00
12— Salance & Grosvear, New Y'ork. ,. .'o 00
12- Mayor Ely, Ne-w York 1,412 74
13— J. H. Rochester, Rochester 200 Oo
13- Randolph Ballard, Leroy 12 50
13— Combined fraternities of Harlem.. 20fi 00
14- Charles Osman Ro.se, New Y'ork.,. 5 oo
14— ij. P. Hawes, New Y'ork 100 00
14— Citizens of Brooklyn, thro' Ripley
Roper ".1,000 00
14— Drexel, Morgan & Co., New Y'ork. 3,000 (0
14— Drexel, Morgan & Co., New Y'ork,
for Holly Springs 1,000 i 0
14— Churches of Homer ^22 .S3
14- New Y'ork Stock Exchange, thro'
W. H. Smith 479 CO
15 — Citizens of Jamestown 30 52
15 — Citizens of Avon, through Jno.
Rochester •2."0 00
1.5 — Citizens of Poughkeepsie 200 00
16 — Citizens of Cazenovia 47 44
16— Citizens of Amsterdam 31 00
](i — Security Lodge, 164, Rochester 105 26
17— Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Will-
iamsburg 200 no
18— Pres. Church, Freemansburg 89 00
18— .Mayor lily. New Y'ork 590 85
350
ATPEXDIX.
Sept. 18-KewY.irk " HeraM," New York.. SlOi; 00
18— Blip, ('hiirch nl !■ leriiiaiiNhurg .... 2ti 00
]X— Kelii'l' Cnmniitter, I.c-kport 300 00
l.S— Relief (.'(iiiiiniliL'c, \Viiiti_- Plains.. K.50 00
l.S— Jill). H. RtJChesler, Kdrlie^tfT 350 00
20— Citizeiis'of .Mediim 50 00
20 — Citizens of Kruwsbul'g 42 ,57
20— Citizens of Alton 5 S.'j
211 — Citizens of Freilonia HI ."jO
20— Pres. Clinreli of W'estlield 124 3.5
20— New York E.xehange, thro' A. E,
■ Orr. New York 7.50 00
21 — Charles Butler, BirmiiighaDi 56 .53
21— Uiiiversalist chuieli o('(iaines 70 00
21— Pre.sljyterian S. S. of liaiiiesvillc. 21 00
21 — Geo. .S. Hntchiuson, Gainesville.. i» 00
21— Relief Committee, Loekport 200 00
21— Citizens of .'>peiicerport 11 S7
21— Pres. Chuich, .Spe'neerport 45 00
21— Con,<<. Church, Speiicerpi irt 41 25
21— M. E, Clinreli. iSpenferport 13 (II
21— Citizens of Oiean 220 (10
21— Golflsriiith & Plant, New York 25 00
21— Strau.ss & Areustein, New York... 25 00
21— Union & Bav Slate jManiifg Co.... 50 00
21— St. John's Epis. Cli. of Mt. Morris 117 ,50
21 — .\ugnstns Keep, Loekport 34 00
21— Drt-.xel, Morgan &Co . New York. 2,100 00
21— J. M. Tinker, New York 2.50 00
21— A. B. Farquahar, treas.. New York 100 00
22— Petit Jury (Sept. term), Bing-
hamton 11 00
22— Combined fraternities, Harlem.... 200 00
23— Citizens of Troy 86 70
23 — Presbyterian Church, Newark 31 73
23— M. Nash, Martinsbnrgh 5 00
23— Citizens of Hudson 210 CO
23— Episcopal Church, Loekport 90 00
23— Citizens of Svracuse .500 00
24— Citizens of West Trov 193 00
2-1— Mayor Ely, New York 1,1-59 96
24— Democratic County Convention,
Biiixhamtou . .. . 25 .50
24— Cons. Church, RochestiT 39 76
24 — New York Chamber of ( 'oni., thro'
J. P. Morgan, New York 2,,500 00
21 — Citizens of Jamestown 27 25
21— Charles Ipsora, ,Iamestown 28 00
24— Ludlow A Co , New York 103 25 i
24— Chas, T. While A: Co., New York.. 50 00
25— Emploves of H. B. Clatliu A Co.,
New York 2,000 00
2.5 — "The Christian at Work" (news-
paper). New York 37 50
25— Citizens of Bath 73 00
2-5 — Citizens of Pon^hkeepsie 159 .50
2,5 — New York Stock E.-cehange, thro'
W. H. Smith, New York 350 00
'25 — New York Stock Exchange, thro'
W. H. Smith, New York 50 00
25— Christian Church, through Stock
Exchange, New York 81 72
25— Jno. Susden, through Stock Ex-
change, New York 100 00
26— "Morning Herald and Gazette,"
Utica 235 00
26— 4th National Bank, New York 85 00
26— Mrs. Van Zandt, 2d Ave. and 14th
Street, New York 85 00
26— Citizens of Little Falls 888 00
26— Citizens of Jamestown 300 00
2()— 1st Pres. Ch. & Soc, Bingliamton. Ill 80
27— C. 8. Hussey, Rochester 5 00
27— rnion Teniperance, Windsor 17 00
28— Old gentleman of Lima 50 00
'28— Cong. Society of Kianstoiie 6 00
2S— Co. F, 48th Regiment, Oswego 1-50 00
29— Churches of Fairport 1.56 00
29— Citizens of Albanv 10 00
29— C. D. Chase, Fairport 1 00
,30— Citizens of Brooklyn 475 93
30— Combined fraternities of Harlem 200 00
30— Citizens of New York, thro' New
Y'ork "Times" 500 00
30 — German Evang Soc. Binghamtoii 18 00
Oet. 1 — Stationers' Board of Trade, New
Y"ork 200 00
1 — New York Stock Exchange, thro'
W.H. Smith 6 75
Oct. 1— CltiZMisof Poii'.'likcppsie SI 00 00
•2— Lndli.w .y c,, , N, wYork 103 25
•2— J. P. -Mcii-Mii. York cm reiicv) 8,300 00
2— C- siuwiis, 20 63
2— J, P. .Moik'iiii, New V..rk isilveri .. 200 00
3— Mit.' l.nx lit Ibili MiHMi 2 25
4— 1st Pres. Chilli h. liaih 50 CO
4 — Proc. concert by colored ritizciis,
New Yciik 125 00
5— Citizeiisof Long Island 500 00
7— Ladies of .Mfiion Oii 12
8— Drexel. Mottiiii A (;o.. New York,
for Lauran-c 300 00
9— c. Biiil. r. niiivor. Birmhinnion . .. 10 00
111— Key. \V. H. I, ranger, Lnng Island 24 15
in— ( itizcns of A\ iM-iispoi t 35 13
10— Mite bo.x, .IiniKstown 17 50
11— Pupils public s< lioois, P,r.,..klvn... 105 75
12— Relief fund. msti rihiiii 4 30
12— Drexel, Muiiian A Co,, .\ew York,
for Holly .--^priiius 2.50 00
13— Drexel, .Mor-an Co., New York,
for Water Valley 500 00
13 — Drexel. .Morgan & Co., New York,
for Tn^ellmbin 500 00
16— Lyman Ciirr, Mount Morris 5 00
17— J. J. Iligginson, New 55. rk 25 00
18 — Proceeds concert bv UliDiieiitlinl
& S., Rochester 72 02
18— A. J. Hineman, New 55iik 10 0(1
22— Citizens' Relief Com,, Brook. yil... 500 00
22— Citizens of Fredonia ! 21 73
22 — Cong, Church. New Haven 23 47
23— David Cady, .\msterdam 5 10
27— Citizens of' Prooklvn, through R.
Roper 250 00
29— E. Hill, cashier. New York 14 40
29— W. B. Brady, New York 66 .50
29 — Thomas F. Olmstead. treasurer,
Geiieseo, Livingston Co 127 00
Nov. 4 — Citizens of Brooklyn, through R.
Roper 1,000 00
11 — Thomas F. Olmstead, treasurer,
Ciencseo, Livingston Co 9 06
11-Smith Ely, mayor. New York 707 49
11 — Citizens of Troy 13 33
Sept. 2— Moore, Tingue A Co., New York,
through Menken Bros 50 00
I Oct. 28 — J. P. Morgan, treasurer, for Holly
Springs 500 00
Dec. 3— Condensed iSIilk Co.. New York,
through J. W. Oliver 100 00
Tot.al 156,80-1 IG
KORTII ('AKOl,I»"A.
Aug. 31— Hebrew Union, Raleigh 867 .50
Sept. 2— L. Overman, Raleigh 9 00
2— J. Rosenbaum. Raleigh 17 50
2— Jlite box, Sotitb'n Exp.Co., Raleigh 5 00
2— T. O. Trov Co. Shops, Trov 9 50
2— Mayor of .Manly 35 10
5 — Citizens of Halesville 70 15
6— Mayor of AsheVille 100 00
6— Mayor of .-Vsheville for (ircnada .50 00
8— G. k. Walker. Wilmington 838 00
8— Dr. W. J. Plawkins, Rid^'ewav -.0 00
12~Colored Cong. Church, Ralt'iah 5 00
12— Ladies' Relief Association, Raleigh .500 00
1.3— Citizens of Pineville 15 00
13— H. P. Prnden, mayor, Edcnton 31 '22
16— Presbvterlan Cli." Hamtield and
Melianville 52 .30
16~J. C. * D. Ct. Cooper, Henderson... 25 00
1(5— J. E. I'atillo, Ilender.son 5 00
16— Citizens of Kingston 26 18
17 — Citizens of Charlotte 15 00
17— Hon. B. T. Moore, Raleigh 25 CO
17— Citizens of Halifax 70 20
17-L 0. O. F. of Oxford 12 .50
17 — Citizeiisof Oxford 53 .'0
17- Mite box at Raleigh 5 ,50
17~Ladies' Aid .\ss ii, Charlotte 275 00
17— Citizens of Windsor 21 00
17— Citizens A students. Wake Forrest. 11 57
17— A citizen of Charlotte 100 00
APPf^NDIX.
351
Sept. 17— Citizens nf Saulsbnry «300 00
17— Baptist Chuix-li, Lisleville. 7 UIJ
17— Coiitribiitioiis thro' G. W. Kidder,
Wilmington 21?> no
IS— Citizens of Hillsboro ]:!7 00
IS— Colored citizens of Raleigli 9:i (iO
10 — Colored citizens of Wilmington 272 '.):!
20 — Citizens of Greensboro liiS 50
2')— Buffalo Churoli of Greensljoro 4 AO
W — Pres. Clinreli, Lawreneebiirg 40 .')0
20-Meth., Pres., and M. E. Churelies,
Monroe ."i.t 10
20— G. W. Kidder. VVilminsiton 2'i0 00
21— T. D. Crawford & Co., Oxford b 00
21 — Great Falls Mauulactiirinj; Co.,
Rockingham 10 00
21— Citizens of VVarrentoii 170 Gl
21— R. Chambers and eraployfis, Char-
lotte' 20 30
21 — Presbyterian Church, Hillsboro. ... 4 2.')
22— tJilizeVis of Rockingham 12.5 90
21— Speights Chapel S. S, of Whitakers 10 17
21— Sciitlaiiil Neck Lodge, OS 25 00
21— Citizens of Thorn isviUe 19 05
22 — Ladies of Concord .55 00
22-Citiz„-ns of Wentworih 61 0(i
22- Co ored citizens of VVentwortli G SI
2:?— «onth. Relief Fund, Clinton.- 1:1 .S5
23— fMtizens of Henderson 100 ,S5
23— Citizens of Statesville 204 08
24— Biptist Church of Forrestville 13 48
25— Citizens of Hendersonville 67 40
25— Junahiskee Lodge, A. F. & A. M.,
Franklin 33 00
28- Sunday School Cla<s of J. H. Rob-
inson, O.xford 1 00
29 — Ladies of Nevvberu 361 .50
29— M. E. Church of Concord 5 15
29— Citizens of Wilmington 270 67
29 —Citizens of Roxboro 43 75
29— Citizens of Graham 14 .50
29 — Ladies of Jonesborongh 23 11
29— S. M. McGregor. Halifax 10 00
29— Citizens of Bristol 60 00
29— R. W. Floyd, Saulsburv 16 00
29- Hill Chapel Lodge, Charlotte 10 00
30 — Presbyterian Church. Charlotte 13 75
Oct. 2— Proceeds of a hop at Faulkland 15 00
2— Ladies of Marion 31 00
2— .lordan Womble, Raleigh 17 S5
2— Citizens of Graham lOil 00
3— R'V. H. Blvarris, VVhitesville 45 31
3 — Citizens of Wilmington 110 95
4— Arlvlee Church, through Jordan
Womble, Raleigli 11 23
4— Ely Citv Church 10 00
4— Colored M. E. Ch. of Henderson. 5 20
4 — Citizens of Newbern 24 00
4— Citizens of Dallas 4 25
7 — .\cademv of Medieiue, Raleigh.... 17 00
7— Citizens of Ashboro ,32 47
7 — Citizens fif Morrisyille 12 60
7— Members Mil. Inst., Charlotteville 15 00
9— Jordan Womljle and others, Dean-
villo 9 00
9— Congregation Chapel, Black Run... 13 00
10— Ladies of Weldou 37 28
10— Ladies of Snow Hill .39 00
^ 13 — W. A. Louden, Jr.. Moncure 62 .58
13— W. E. Anderson. Raleigh 104 50
13 — Cannon, Fitser & Wadsworth. Con-
cord 43 30
13 — J. Allen Brown, Saulsburv 14 25
1.3- Jordan Womble. Jr., Raleigh 10 00
1.5 — John I/cdbetter, Rockingham 5 00
18— Ladies of Durham 101 00
19— R. Bnrwell, Raleigh 22 50
19— Employes Lidell <t Co., Charlotte.. 25 85
21 — Hoover & Love, Concord 15 00
21 — South'ii Relief A^s'n, Wilmington 51 45
21— Centre Church, Mount Monroe. 15 00
21— Ladies' festival, St. Louisberg 109 10
21— Ladies' festival, St. Louisberir 75 00
26— J. R. Holland & Co., Charlotte '25 80
26— J. Y. Jlorrison, Conconi 4 00
30— Pres. Church, Mecklenburg 13 20
Nov. 4— W. D. Pruden, mayor, Edenton 13 00
Total 87,190 76
23
OHIO.
Aug. 22— Chas. Kahu, Jr., Cincinnati 100 00
22— Evans, Lip|iincutt & Cunning-
ham, ( iurinuali ]00 00
23— Beckel House, Dayton ]3() tlO
23— Friends at Cleveland 0 38
'23— Friend, thro' Panoli Oil Works,
Cincinnati f) .50
23— Dr. R B. Ironside, Cincinnati 5 (ji)
23 — J. Heitman. mayor, Columbus.... .3(10 00
29— Citizens of Newark 75 OO
29— Citizens of Newark, for New Or-
leans ,50 00
29— Citizens of Newark, for Vicksbnrg 50 00
29— Citizens of Newark, for Grenada.. '25 lio
'29— Citizens of Daylou 116 50
"29— Guests and Props Phillips House,
Dayton ino 00
29— Free Sons of Israel, Cleveland '25 no
30— Martin's Feri y, lor Canton 57 nO
30— Episcoi>al Church of the Advent,
Cincinnati 29 45
30— F. Lukenheimer, Cincinnati in On
30— Citizens of Mount Vernon 30n no
31 — \V. H. Wilson, mayor, San<lnskv.. inn on
31— Jas. LeII'cl it Co., SpriiigHeld ....... inn nn
31— Relief Cimimittce. Stenbenville,.. 256 li;
31— Disabled Vol. Soldiers, Dayton.... 66 On
31 — Citizi'ns of Dayton 75 65
Sept. '2— W. H. Davis, Newark ,50 no
'2— Citizens of Zauesville 242 00
'2— 3d Pres. Church, Cincinnati .50 00
'2 — Isaac Johnst(ni, Wooster 1 00
4— W. H. Davis, Newark.. .50 00
4— Citizens of Springfield 200 00
4 — Emi)loyes of Davis, Gould & Co.,
Cincinnati 43 00
4 — Citizens of Coshocton 1.52 00
4 — Citizens of Ilanovcrton 7 00
4 — Members Disciple Ch., Coshocton 3 00
4 — Pres. Church, Hanoverton 9 45
4- -Citizens of Chillicothe 700 00
5- St. James Epis. Ch., Paincsville.. 100 no
.5 — Relief Comniiltee, Stenbenville... '2.50 16
.5— Relief Committee, Cleveland 1,0011 nn
.5 — Merchants Nat. Bank, Dayton 25 00
.5 — Chas. E. Silobre, Hamilton 3 .50
5— Citizens of Xenia 230 75
(■^Citizens of Findlay 2.50 00
6 — Champion Machine Co., Spring-
field .50 00
6- Ciiizens of Toledo 400 00
7— Citizens' Relief Com., Columbus.. 300 00
7— Ladies' Sewing Soc, Kelly Island .50 00
7 — G. T. R.ibinsou, mayo-, Ravenna .53 61
7— Itelief Association, VVilmiugton... 200 OO
8 — Temperance Union, Beverly 15 35
8 — Citizens of Davton, through J. H.
Winter .50 00
8 — Fi remans Insurance Co., Dayton.. '25 00
8— Citizens of Mount Gilead 30 00
8— Entertainment bv home talent,
Coshocton ." 106 30
9— Concert bv Zeiglerand Sisters and
MissesSlciiuan and llogers, thro'
L. C. Weir, Cincinnat' '2'20 15
9— Proceeds entertanuneii I bv Helen
D'Este Troupe, Zauesville '280 40
9 — South. Relief Ass'n, Cincinnati... 196 17
9 — Episcopal Society, London '26 .s5
9— Dramatii^ Club, iVlarysville 71 60
9— Welsh Cong. Church, Cincinnati,
for Grenada 16 35
9— M. H. Brooks. Logan 110 00
9— Itelief Com. Cincinnati, bv Lester
Taylor l.OCO 00
9— Mendelssohn Quartette Club of
Davton "25 00
9— Citizens of New Philadelphia 100 no
9-Citizens of New Philadelphia, for
Grenada 100 0;i
9— Citizens of New Philadelphia, for
Vicksbnrg 100 CO
lO—M, W. Haves, mavor, Trov '2L0 (in
10— Golden Rule Lodge, I. O 0. F.,
Stenbenville 20 00
10— Equitable Loan and .Savings As-
sociation, Dayton 8 00
352
APPEND rX.
Sept. 10— Citiz3ns of Painesville,thro'E. K.
Wright ?170 00
11 — Postniastier, Ironton 2 19
11— 1^. M. Kenton, of Kenton 167 oo
12 — Citizens of Kansas 25 00
12— (Jong. Church, Marietta GO 00
12— Mrs. Wallace McGrath, ChilUcotlie 5 00
12— U. P. Church, Milleisburg 35 00
12— Citizens of CarroUton 200 00
12 — Citizens of Weston 34 (JO
12 — Furnitnrj dealers and employes,
Cincinnati : 400 00
12 — Entertain'nt, ladles, Yonugstown 300 00
12— Members of Christ Ch., Warren 40 00
12— J. H. Stanley, Cnyalioga Falls 225 00
12 — German citizens of Xenia 50 30
12 — G. T. Robinson, mavor, Ravenna 23 00
13— U. P. Congregation, Wooster, 50 00
13— Citizens of Bc-Ueville 41 .53
13— Cong. Church of Ironton 28 00
13 — lee cream festival, Powhattan 78 03
1.3— Relief Committee, Marion 515 00
13 — C. S. Deyarman, mayor of Lou-
donville 100 00
13— J. D. McCormaclv, Lancaster.. 4-)0 00
14— M. E. Sunday School, Arcadia 12 00
14 — Proceeds excursion, C.,S, & C. R.
R., Sandusky 154 95
14 — Entertainment bv Murdoch Club,
Loveland ". 22 15
14- Citizens of Massillon. 143 00
14— J. C. Klaw, Massillon 30 00
14— Soli Hers' Relief Union Fund, Ma-
rietta 1.56 27
14 — Citizens of Upper Sandusky 301 75
14— Presbvterian S S., Cumberland... 15 00
14— C. P. Evans, Irondale 10 00
14— Letter 87, Urbana 6 GO
15 — ^Citizens of Genesee or Geneva,
thro' J. L. Morgan 100 00
15— Citizens of Norwalk 5 80
15 — (Citizens of Canton, lor Canton,
Mississippi 100 00
15— Citize)is of (Janton, for Vicksbnrg 100 00
15— Citizens of Canton, for M.-mphis.. 100 00
15— C, C, C. & I. R. R., Gallon 25 50
15 — Drnnatic Society, Versailles 14 .50
16 — Citizens of Bncvrus 191 65
16— Citizens of Middletown 100 00
16 — Citizens of London 45 19
16_.rno. Moore, Cadiz 200 00
16— Citizens of St. Miirys 148 00
16— Geo. T. Holra m, Rivenna 18 24
16— Jno. H. Thomas, Springfijld 500 00
16 — Jay & Silverman, Fostoria 9 .56
16 — Citizens of Fostoria 52 75
17 — German Relief Soc, Canton 21 50
17— Citizens of Bellaire 26103
17 — Citizens of Matlisonville 2) 25
18— 1st National Bink, Pain 'sville .... 55 00
18_Sabbath School, M'lrysville 12 00
IS — Murpliy Temperance Congrega-
tion, L?esburg IS 94
18— M. E. Sund IV School, Leesburg... 3 76
18— Citizens of West Jefferson 40 00
18 — Citizens of Zanesville 425 80
18— M. G. Harry, Cincinnati 50 00
19— Little ones of Ottawa 116
19 — School children of Ottawa 5 06
19— Citizsns o f Ottawa 11 5 65
19— Citizens of North Fairfield 23 23
19— Jno. T. B-iurgun, Lima ,57 00
U9-T. C. McKahm, Norwalk 6 31
19— Bap. & Cong. Chs., Ashtabula 23 62
19— Citizens of Paulding 15 00
19— Citizens of Crestline 100 00
19— Cong. Ciiurch, Kellv's Island 27 46
19— Citizens of Kenton.; 100 00
, . 19— H. C. Dramatic Club, Sardrina.... 21 00
19— Presbvterian Church, Sardrina.... 4 37
20— Ri'lief, P. S. S., Rushsylvania 6 00
'20 — Citizens of Massillon, thro' Geo.
Hirsh.... 200 00
20 — Greentown Academv, Perryville.. 15 00
20— Citizens of Perryville .'. 40 50
20 — Italian citizens of Cincinnati 200 50
20— Citizens of Dresden Ill ,50
20— Citizens' Relief Com., Toledo...... 340 00'
■20 -W. H. Foster, Urichsville 50 00
Sept. 20— G. M. Neville, Xenia 17 25
2J— G. M. Neville, Xenia 20 (10
21 — Ladles of Ironton .33178
21— Cilizei s of Defiance 26100
21— U. P. Church of Thornville and
Rush creek 35 60
21— Reformed Church, Salem 16 40
21 — Citizens of Cosliocton 15 00
21— .M. E. Sunday .School of Tarlton... 15 00
21— Citizens of New Lexington 40 00
21 — Citizens of P"our Corners 23 25
21— W. Anderson, White Cottage 1 00
21— ( :itizens of Waktonica Cross Roads 7 75
21 — Citizens of New Castle 1167
21— Citizens of Beach Citv 23 48
21— Citizens of Blnflton..; 33 00
21-Snnday Schools of Blufi'ton 23 00
21 — German Benev. Ass'n, Massillon.. 10 00
21— Pres. Church, VVorthington 24 00
21— (,;itizens of Soinerset 166 42
21— U. P. Church, Jamestown 18 00
22— Tymochtee Tribe. 1, Cardington... 13 00
22— Sunday Schools of Ashland ,51 GO
22 — Citizens of Bellaire 71 SO
22 — Presbvterian Church, .Savantiah.. 33 16
22— Methodist Church, Savannah 11 49
22 — Union prayer meetitig, Savannah 14 36
22— Presbyterian S. S., Savannah 5 CO
22— Post-ofHce, Savannah 6 99
22— Wayne Pres. Ch., Congress City... 56 00
22 — Citizens of Congress City 14 00
22— 4th Street Pres. Church, Marietta 30 28
23 — James Willirow, Newport 10 55
23— Cong. Church, Belpre 18 54
23— Citizens of Logan 9 CO
24— Quakers of Mount Pleasant 40 00
24— Relief Committee, Cincinnati 2,000 flO
2,5— Home talent, Cincinnati 60 00
25 — 1st Pres. Church, Warren 156 94
2.5— Relief A.ss'n, West Middlebury.... 13 75
25 — Relief Association, Wilminghum,
through Telfair 100 00
2.5— Citizens of Sraithville 27 85
26— D. Lilienthal. Cincinnati 5 00
26 — Citizens of Eaton 1.57 65
26— Joseph Getz, Bench City S 00
26 — Lutheran Ch., New Conierstown.. 3 46
26— Jefferson Pres. Chtirch, Warsaw.. 10 00
27 — Citizens' Committee, Mt. Vernon. Ill 79
27 — Citizens of New Lisbon 121 34
27 — Union Church, Norwalk 9 90
27 — Citizens of Clyde 31 50
27— 1st Pres. Chnrcli, Alliance 27 09
27 — Citizens of Dunkirk, thro' Misses
Wood and M 10 00
27— Citizens of Coalville 17 00
28 — Citizens of New Castle 13 15
28— Citizens of Freedonia 52 33
28— Citizens of Ironton 67 04
28— Relief Committee of Dayton 1,000 00
28 — Ref. Pre.sbyteri.m Church, Union-
town and Waranochs 26 20
28_C. S. Hawkins, Kellogsville 5 00
28— Rover Wheel Co.. Cincinnati 25 00
28— Citizens of Canal Fulton 25 00
29— C tizens of Shannon 76 00
29— 1st Pres. Church of Wooster 76 ro
29 — Harmonic Ass'n of AUrcn 50 00
29— Isaac Smitli, Mooresville 68 60
29 — Citizens of New Bremen 182 .53
29— Presbvtprian Ch. and S. S., Rome 10 70
30— Southern Relief Fund of Canal
Dover 53 00
30— Citizens of Urichsville 34 40
30— Congre.gation of Millersbnrg 7 50
Oct. 1— Citizens of Geneva 81.50
1— Sand Hill S. S., Quaker City 8 00
2— Citizens of Mantua 44 00
3— Young ladies of Athens 50 TO
3 -Township of Lawrence 8 40
3— C. O. Tannehill. Perrysville 4 94
4— U. P. Congreaation, Savannah IS 33
4— Bellmont U. P. Church. Bellaire.. 24 55
4_Daniel P. Eels, treas., Cleveland.. 1,000 00
7 — Soldiers' Renniim, Marietta 12 00
7 — Citizens of Bellaire 42 85
9— Buffalo Pres. Ch.. Cumberland.... 26 73
9— Singing Choir, Gn.adenhutten 4 00
10— Guests of Hayes House, Fostoria. 2 12
APPENDIX.
353
Oct. 10— Citizens of Findlny $ 9 43
11 — ( ;itizens of Ciirrollioii 85 70
11— Presbyterian Church, Del Kov 19 2.")
11— M. K. Cliurch, Hnrlem Springs 20 00
11 — Unknown, Mimiit Pleas-ant 2 00
12— Presbyterian Ciinrch, West yalem. 10 oo
13— German Bap. Soc, Sugar Creek... 30 00
13-C F. Robinson, Ravenna (i 00
13— Citizens of Crawford Co 0 00
10— Mrs. Wallace McGrath.Cliillicotlie r> 00
IS— Miss M;itiii' Gibson, SummerfiLld. 20 l.">
l.s— l'(p>tni:ister of West Alexandria... ,50
in— Krlief ('(oiimittee, Ashland 51 (jO
21— Citizens of Chillicothe ■121 37
21 — Mess. Case, Mills, Gricks, and Fay,
Milan, Erie Co 18 25
2.5— Rijlief Association, Urbana, tliro'
L. Hervev .50 O;)
29— Mrs. Neil Mitchell, London 40 00
Nov. 7— Rev. F. Eddy, for Pres. Ch. Cong 10 00
7 — Con<;. Sorie I y. Burton 15 29
11 — Conir. Ch., Hnntsburg, thro' Lucy
A. Barnes 12 00
19— C. Haywood, Conneaut CO 00
Dec. 13 — Furniture Trade, Cincinnati, thro'
G. Horshman and others, for the
orphans 214 12
Total $20,029 72
Cincinnati Southern Relief Committee.
Aug. 27 — lOO sheets, .50 Excelsior mattresses,
.50 cots, .50 pillows $195 83
Sept. 5— 300 suits of children's clothing 1,000 00
.5 — Paid fares physicians and nurses
to Memphis 200 00
.5 — 100 sheets, 50 mattresses, 50 cots,
.50 pi Hows 205 83
10—300 sheets, 150 cots, 150 pillows,
1,50 mattresses, sent,bv direction,
to Peabody&ConrtSt Infrm'ries C.33 09
10 — 25 cliniciil thermometers 52 50
14 — 50 cases corned beef, 1 bbl dried
beef 204 ,32
19 — 25 bbls cracdcers, 15 doz cans beef,
10 doz cans beans, 10 doz cms
pigs' feet, 1 bbl dried beef, 5 bxs
cheese, 20 doz cans cove ovsters. 231 40
Oct. .5— 10 top buggies 825 00
1(>— 20 boxes lemons 150 00
Total $3,r,98 03
Totid Donations 20,029 72
Grand Total $29,727 75
OREGOX.
Sept. 9— Citizens of Portland, thro' N.Y....$2,000 00
22— Citizens of Portland 500 00
20 — Rev. A.O.Parker,Astoria,for W.C.
JlcCracken 7 00
20 — Rev. A. O, P.irker, Astoria, for (}.
C. Harris 7 00
Total $2,514 00
PEJfN.SYI-VANIA.
Aug. — Relief Committee, Pittsburgh, for
(irenada $.300 00
22— Tu o ladies thro' D. Leet Wilson,
Pittsburgh, for Grenada 25 00
22— Rook & O'Neil, Pittsburgh 104 00
22— Hi'ui v H. Houston, Philadelphia 200 00
25— Citizens of Oil Citv 100 09
29— Cin. & St. L. R. R. Co., Pittsburgh 2.50 00
29— Cilizpusof York 100 00
29— E.G. Backus, Petrolia, for Grenada .50 00
29— 1st Presbvterinn Ch., Washington 20 00
29— Citizens of Washington 27 00
29-Citizens of Foxburg 105 ( 0
29— Publ'hers" Dispatch," Pittsburgh 100 00
31— Citizens of Emleiiton 01 .50
Sept. 2— Emp Nat.Tube Wks.,McKeesport 2.0 00
Sept. 2— H.R.FuUcrton.mnyor.ParkerCitv UC4 CO
I 2— Delameter & Co., Meadville ". 100(0
I 4— Presbyterian S. Sch., Morristown. 20 (10
I .5— Oil Exchange, Oil City 1,50 oo
5— Citizens of York Kio oo
5— Citizens of Altoona 22 .50
(i— Citizens' Relief Com., Meadville.. loo 00
(i — Ladies of Kittanning 324 00
0— churches & citizens.St.Pctersbiirg 150 20
7 — Presbyterian Church of LebanoiK 30 00
7— Rook & O'Neil, Pittsburgh ].5o 00
8 — Lawyers of Alt<joiia 05 00
8— Employes of A. & G. W. R. R.,
Meadville 300 00
9— P. R. 1 uUerton, Parker Ciiy ■'"3 ( o
9— Dr. E. G. Crawford, Edinburg 50 00
10 — citizens (if Altoona 2s.s 88
11— Relief Commiitee, Pittsburgh 500 (0
11— A. Wiley, Chief Eng. Fire De].t.,
Franklin CO 00
12 — L. Hefling& others. Mercer 15 (0
13— Relief Committee, I'ittsbtirgh l.OCO 00
13— East Buffalo Pres. Ch.,'\Vii.sh)ngton 8 22
13 — 2d Preslivterian Ch., Wnshineton. ;9 00
13— Ho]iewel'l Lodge, I.O.O F., Wash-
ington 10 00
13— Citizens of Washington ."2 CO
13 — Citizens of Millerstown 37 45
113— K. of H., Millerstown 15 00
13— 1 O.O.F., Millerstown 15 CO
14— C. (iregor, Tyrone 100 00
14— W. B. Blizell, Dallsburg 15 (lO
14— Citizens of Beaver Falls 300 00
14 — Citizens of Beaver Falls, lor Gre-
nada 2(0 00
14 — Citizens of Beaver Falls, for Port
(Gibson ICO (10
1.5— S. S. of U. P. Chtin h, Greenville.. 21 34
1.5 — James A. Linen, Seranton 400 CO
15- Citizens of Easton 600 00
K;— Grace Episcopal Ch., Miles CJrove 16 08
10— Relief Committee, Pittsburgh.. ..1,000 (0
17— 1st Presbyterian S. Scliool, Tvroue 22 53
17— African M. E. Church, Titusville. 15 I'd
17 — Citizens of Washington 225 22
17 — Unknown Friend. Piitsbiirgli 10 (0
17-Citizens of Potlsville 100 (0
17 — Citizens of CJueenstown ICO 00
17— Citizens of Williamsburg 125 (0
18 — C^itizens of McKeesport 223 i:'.
]8-C:tizens of Bellelonte 260 » 0
18— Southern Relief Fund, Altoona... 425 70
18— Southern Relief Fund, Reading... 1,01 0 CO
18— Churches of York 1C0(0
18— Neighboring towns to Oil Citv,
through H. D. Hancock 102 00
20— Citizens of Selin's Grove 110 00
20— Relief Committee, Pittsburgh 1,000 00
21— Emplovf-s of A. & G. W. R. R.,
Jfeadville 2.50 00
21 — Presbyterian Ch.. Cannonsbtirg... 40 '.'8
21 — Chariier's Pres. Cli., Cannonsbiiig 17 CO
21 — Chartier's Pres. " W.Alexandria C2 CO
21 — Chartier's Pres. " Ml. Pleasant... 12(0
21— Disciples Church, Line Run 4 71
21 — Citizens of Washington 46 '.5
21 — Citizens' Committee, Altoona 2i 7 ( 2
21— Ci. H. Trahert, Lebanon 52 ."0
21— G. B. Malonev, Pres. Fire Ins. Co..
Franklin...: 70 00
22- Relief C'ommiltee, Franklin 100 CO
22— Relief Committee, Beaver Falls... 291 .'4
23 — Employees of Morrison, Bare &
Caps, Roaring Springs .57 50
2.5 — Citizens of Johnstown & vicinity. SCO 00
I 2.5 — Citizens of Sharon 3.^0 75
2.5— Cit'zens of Tryburgh 12 00
2.5 — Citizens & ehiirchesof Baldwin... 201 .7
20— Citizens of New Castle 192 90
27— Citizens of Girard 50 Ci;
28— Presbvterian CInireh, Frankfort.. 19 00
2s— Zone iBaptist Church, Hillsville... 10 00
2,s— Relief Committee, Pittsburgh 2.CC0 00
29 — Various churches, thro' H. Haz-
lett, Washington 113 32
29— G. W. Kenncday, Pottsville 1.1 97
29— (^ilizens of .Maciingie 40 ('0
Oct. 5— C tizens of Cin ensburg 15 55
8— rnknown. Lansford 1 00
354
APPENDIX.
Oct. 3— C. B. North, Selin's Grove $ 2 50
11— Citizens of Altoona 20 00
IS— Delameter & Co., Meadville 50 00
23— G. H. Barelav, Williamsport 30 50
29— M. A. Foltz, Chambersburs 40 57
31— Jacob Heyser, Cliambersburg 18 07
Nov. 7 — Relief Ciimraittee, Washington,
throush H. Hazlett 223 17
29 — Teachers & students Lake Shore
Seminary, North East 1 25
Dee. 20— Johnson Lodge, I.O.BB., Pitts-
burgh, thro' Howard Ass'n, New
Orleans 100 00
Total S17,770 33
RHODE; ISIiAIVD.
Sept. 13— Mayor of Providence 51,000 00
IS— Citizens of Dover 735 00
20 — Commodore Baldwin & D. King,
Newport 8 00
24— Mayor of Providence 2,000 00
24— Citizens of Bristol 270 00
27— Providence Board of Trade 1,000 00
27 — Providence Board of Trade, for
Grenada 500 00
29— Providence Board of Trade 1,000 00
Total $6,513 00
SOUTH CAKOL.IXA.
Aug. 31— T'wn Council JIarion, for Granada $20 00
31— T'wn Council " Vicl;sburg 15 00
31— T'wn Council " Canton 15 00
Sept. 2 — City of Anderson 62 50
12— City of Unionville and vicinity... 147 12
12-Clirist Church, Greenville 34 00
12— CliristChuroli, " for 'Vicksburg 34 00
13— Riordan & Dawson, Charleston,
from city 500 00
13— Citiz'jns of Port Royal 34 50
14— Ladies'Col.R' lief Ass'n, Greenville 85 91
14— Citizens of Rock Hill 53 15
14-J. R. Minten, Sedalia 3 00
16— Ladies of Newberg 72 10
16— M. E. Clinrch, South Clieraw 22 95
16— Citiz jns of Liberty Hill 13 00
16-Citiz;ns of Langley 42 00
16— Emplovt-s Newspapers, Langlev... 29 50
17~B:iptist& M. E. Ch., Bennettsville 108 00
17 — Town Ciiuncil, Bennettsville '25 00
17 — Ladies of Greenwood .' 30 25
17— City of Greenville 73 00
17 — Col.Ladies'R'lief Ass'n, Greenville 40 00
17 — " News and Courier," Charleston .300 00
18— Citizens of Anderson 78 15
18- BaptistChurch, Seneca City 2 '20
19 — Citizens of Greenville 55 95
19— Biptist Church, Greenville 68 30
19— Citiz -ns of Horea Path 42 OS
20— Citizens of Port Royal .35 00
21— C. T. Scaife. Union S. School 5 00
•21— Moise Guards, Rock Hill 15 45
21— Citizens of Rock Hill 37 .55
21— Employes So. Ex. Co., Columbia. 20 17
21— Employes So E.x. Co., Columbia,
for Grenada 20 ,50
21— Citizens of Elgefield 95 05
21— Ladies of Greenville 200 30
22 — Citizens of Greenville 70 45
22- C. T. Scaife, Union S. School 5 00
22— Christians of Cokesburg 18 10
23 — Citizens of Florence 12 25
'23— All Saints' Parish, Waccaniwa .30 00
21— Citizens of Laurens .58 00
25— Citizens of vicinity of Columbia.. 168 ,50
28— Ebenezer M. E. Church, Chester... 8 00
28— Church, Pleasant Grove 2 '20
■29— Citizens of Townsville 12 00
30— 'Methodist Clmrch, Mount Bethel 8 35
Oct. 1 "F. .lacobs M. E. Church, Latirens 18 60
2 — Misses Simpson tt Knox, Spartan-
burg 21 00
Oct. 2— Belle Lodge, No. 22, I.O.G.T.,
Edgefield 8 5 00
2 — Citizens of Wainsboro' 101 '25
2 — Citizens of Cohimljia 136 76
3— T.D.Gillespie, Exp.Agl., Columbia 52 S4
.5 — Citizens of Winnsboro' 4 15
5 — Pleasant Grove C'luirch, Chester.. 20 00
7 — U. Presbyterian Ch., Pawnee City 21 35
7 — Lebanon Pres. Ch., Winnsboro'... 37 00
7 — Good Hope Pres. Ch,, Anderson... 13 65
7— UnifdCong.Ref P.Ch.,Lewisville 40 00
10— Citizens of Rock Hill .=)2 40
13— Musical Club, Laurens 13 60
13 — Citizens of Gastoria, 15 00
13— T. D. Gillespie, Columbia 65 10
19— G. A. Ref. Pi es. Church, Anderson 7 .50
21— Roberts P. Ch. & Divine Readings 12 76
24 — Riordan & Dawson, "News and
Courier," Charleston 400 00
24— E. W. Seibels, Columbia, forSena-
toln'a 75 00
29— City Council, Charleston 1,000 00
29— Citizens of Charleston 4fl.S 91
29 — Academv of Music, Charleston.... 47/ 00
SO— Citizens of Bancroft '28 51
Nov. 4— W. H. Anderson, Laurens C. H.... 9 40
4— T. D. Gillespie, Columljia 59 35
7— J. M. Ivey, mayor of Rockvil'.e 12 40
Total 86,039 06
TENNESSEE.
Aug. 1.5— J. T. Trezevant, of Memphis $ 5 00
22 — J. G. Lonsdale, from a lady of
Memphis 50 OO
22 — J. P. Gentrv, from citizens of Col-
lierville..; fO 00
22 — D. Eisman, from a young man.
New York 10 00
22— Employers L. & N. R. E. shops,
Jlemphis, for Grenada 57 00
22 — Jerry O'Brien, Memphis, for Gre-
nada 10 00
22 — Kahn & Freibnrg, Memphis 10 00
2'2— W. F. Cooi>cr. Nasliville 100 00
2:3 — J. Loweidianpt, Covington 10 00
•23— Hon. C. W. Adams, Memphis 10 00
24— B. Douglass, Nashville 100 00
24— B. Douglass, '• for Grenada 30 00
24— B. Douglass, " for Canton... ^20 00
24— S. W. Coan, Brownsville 6 00
24— Relief Committee, Chattanooga... 100 00
26 — William Roosart, Memphis "25 00
26— C. Thomas, Memphis 5 00
26— Employes Car Wheel Co., Knox-
ville." 27 00
26 — Jovner, Lemon & Gale, JMemphis. .50 00
26— Hebrew Congregation, Knoxville 25 00
•27— P. B. Plummer, Snmerville 20 00
27 — Citizens of Mason Depot .50 00
27 — Citizens of '■ " for Grenada 27 70
27— Citizens of Bolivar 40 .50
27— J. S. Carpenter, Memphis 10 00
28— J. B. & W. A Faires, Jlemphis.... 10 00
28 — McMinnville juvenile boarders at
Warren House, McJIinnville 16 85
''.S— G. A. Dickcll A Co., Nashville '25 00
28— Employes E T. Va. & G. R. R.,
Knoxville 133 ■''.O
28 — Merchants of Jackson, one-half
proceeds bale cotton 185 00
28— Nora Duke, Memphis 1 00
28— E. S. Mollov, of G.W. Jones & Co.,
Memphis 25 00
28— W. H. Wood. Memphis 100 00
2,s— W. A. Bickford, Memphis 25 00
28— Tnllahoma, Teini., through G. W.
Davidson 137 .50
28— Jennie Ridley, a nurse 1 .50
29— L. B. Horigan, Memphis 10 00
'29— A. M. Scarborough, Memphis 50 00
29— Randle. Heath & Co., Memphis... 30 00
•29— Nashville, thro' J. D. Anderson... 200 00
29 -Daisev Johnson, coll., Clarksvillo .53 25
29— C. C. Davis, Gadsden 0 00
29— Unknown friend, Athens 1 00
APPENDIX.
355
Aug. .30— J. P. Johnson, Nashville, for Gre-
nada S 23 00
31— A friend, througli W. H. Carroll,
Nashville 500 00
31 —Churelies & citizens of Gallatin... Ill ;!o
31— Kuoxville Iron Co , Knoxville 25 00
31— R. T. Tompkin.s, Murlre'esboro. ... 50 00
31— Colored Beni'V. Soc., Brownsville 25 (10
31— Mrs. Belle Wri.^ht, Memi.liis 5(1 (1(1
31— Father Matlunv Ass'ii, Ifemphis.. 75 Oil
Sept. 2— .John M. Lee, N ishville l(i(l (10
2— Citv of Murfreesboro 2(I0 00
2— Woodnitr & Co., Memphis 25 00
2 — Henrv Krobs. Covington 5 00
3— A. .J. White, President Relief As-
sociation, Cleveland lOQ 00
3— Business Depirtment Nashville
"Binnei-," Niishvllle 7 00
3— Mrs. M. L- Shelton, Memphis 2 00
4— A. L. Elliott, Memphis 5 00
4— John M. Lee, 'Nashville 100 00
4 — Jasper, Tenn 05 95
4— John H. Savage, Nashville 100 00
4— Relief Committee, Colnmbi.i 150 00
4— Goiidlett & Co., Memphis 100 00
4— C. M. Tavlor, Beersheba 25 00
.5— Wythe Depot .55 00
5 — Memphis refngees, Bartlett 57 55
,5— Methodist Church, Alamo 20 00
.5 — Citizens of Humboldt 72 35
5 — Postmaster, CJrand Junction 2 00
5— A friend, Memphis 10 00
6— Tom Holmau, Memphis 10 (JO
6— Mrs. R. M. McClaiii, Memphis 5 oo
6— Sternberg & I^ee, Memphis 25 00
6 — Presbvterian Cluirch. Trenton 3S 00
6— Capt.'C. B. Church, Memphis 40 00
6— H. B. Shanks, Memphis 5 00
6— Proc. lecture by Rev. Geo. AVhite .50 00
6— Thos. H. Allen & Co., Memphis... 100 00
6— Citizens of Pulaski 222 40
C— Citizens of Athens 200 00
7— Colored Relief Ass'n, Bolivar 10 00
7 — Citizens of Ralston 10 30
7 — Merchants of Henderson, Tenn.,
& Louisville, Kv. 250 4S
8— Thos. Williams, thro' Mr. Griffin. 100 00
8— John M. Lee, Nashville 250 00
y— Citizens' Board of Belief.Lebanon lou 00
9— J. T. Williams, Columbia 100 00
9 — Young ladies of Winchester 43 05
9— Citizens meeting. Franklin 289 05
9 — Citizens, through Mollie J. Stone,
Falcon 30 00
9 — Students, Callavvha Institute 0 50
9— A little boy, who hadn't much to
give, Clarksville 2 00
9 — Benton Co. Aid Ass'n, Camden... 48 00
9— Kind-hearted lady, through Daisy
Johnson, Clarksville 2 00
9— Citizens of Falcon 30 00
9 — Tobacco Board of Trade, Clarks-
ville 222 ,50
9 — Lagrange Warehouse Association,
Clarksville 100 00
9— Mrs. A. S. Marks, Winchester 25 00
9— M. E. Church South, Winchester. 20 35
10— F & A M., Lodge, No. 208, Danville 10 00
10— City Oil Works. Memphis 100 00
10— Citizens of Rodgersville 25 75
10— A. T. M., Columbia 10 00
11 — Annie Thompson & M. L. Bailey,
Clarksville 10 00
11 — Citizens' Committee, Gallatin 91 50
11— Citizens of Bell Buckle 40 .30
11- Citizens of Clarksville 101 75
11 — Citizens of Pulaski .50 05
11- J. W. Coeliran, Memphis ,50 00
12— Colored citizens of Jackson 20 (jO
12— Citizens & visitirs of Kingston
Springs 30 00
12— Citizens of Lewisbiirg 100 00
12— Mrs. G. L. Laws, Huntington 5 00
12 — Citizens of Dandridae I'.i 25
1.3 — J. D. Richardson, Murfreesboro... IS 00
13— John Anderson, thro' S. P. Read,
Memphis 10 00
1'3-J. N. Falls, through S. P. Read,
Memphis 50 00
Sept. 13— John Overton, Jr., Memphis J200 00
1.3 — Citizens of Whiteville 17 71
13 — CitiMUsof Newport 34 CO
13— Citizens of Spring Hill p; 00
13— J, J. Galbreath, Henderson •''•2 ]0
13— J. J. Galbreath, " for Grenada 10 ( 0
13— A, E. Scott, Ralston g-j)
I- 1— A. J. Vienna, Memphis 100 00
14 — S. H. Alexander, Jasper 33 (8
II— S. L Finley, Benton 5 00
14— W. E. Sutler, Jackson 20 00
14— T. M. While, Gainesville 50 CO
15— Morning Sun Council, N". 25s,
Fisherville 20 50
10 — Employes Eagle Machine Co 0,3 00
10— C. \\'. Giiyer & Co., Mcmpliis ]( 0 00
IG- A. A. Pnttfn & Co., Men pliis Kio OO
IG— J. D. Richaidson, Murfreesboro . 17 00
IG — Citizens of Unioiiville .34 (15
IG — Citizens 1st District of Pulaski .... 42 G5
16 — Citizens of Tullahoma IK 00
17— Proc. of bale cotton, La'?rar,"'e. ... js.'s co
17 — Concordia, Knox Connfy, S."S 102 .^0
17 — Midway Sunday-school." ]u 00
17- Oakland Snnday-scho(jl 1 10
17— Cedar Springs Sunday-school 1 ( 0
17 — Union Sunday-school 1 10
17— Mrs. D. M. Ra'bb, Gallatin 3 00
LS— Citizens of Stewart ( reek 19 40
18— Hebrew Hospital Ass'n, throntrh
Rice, Stix & Co., Memphis.. 50 00
l.S— Y. M. C. A., Cle\ eland 100 ( 0
l.S— Citizens of Clevel.md (12 00
IK— 2d Pres. S. S., Chattanooga 3 47
18-Methodist S. S., Kenton 10 00
18— N. O. Ingleheart, thro' S.P. Read,
Memphis 153 ,50
19— Olio Club & Musical Soc, Pnl.-iski 144 .50
19— Proc. lec. T. H. White, Nashville. 50 CO
19— Young people of McMinnville.... 40 2.5
19— Citizens' Relief Board, Lebanon.. 100 00
19— Cumberland Pres. Ch., Pnlaski... 3 25
19- -Mt. Moriah Pres. Ch., Giles Co.... 10 ,50
lO-District No. 20. Giles Co 12 05
10— Bethel Lodge, No. 194, F. & A. M.,
Pulaski 30 00
19-A. B. Hamm, Rammer 5 00
19 — Citizens of Farmington 02 00
20— Relief Committee- Chattanooga,.. 2C0 00
20— Citizens of Christiana 10(10
20— Citizens of Walton Hill 40 00
20 — 4 contrib'ns thro' W. A. Douglass,
Jl urfreesboro 2 70
20— Cilizens of Carbon 20 00
20— Ladies' Tabernacle, thro' W. B.
Ro.ss 50 70
20— James Warren, Falcon 5 00
20- Cilv Relief Committee, Ottawah. 12 25
LO— Lizzie Brvan, thro' T. R. Waring. 5 00
21— John Gaston, Memphis 200(0
21 — Joyner, Lemon & Gale, Memphis 100 00
21— Liiiden St. christ'n Ch., Memphis .50 00
21— 1st Col'd Baptist Ch., Memphis... 18 .'0
21— Manrv Co. Lodge, I. 0 G. T., No.
423,'Coliniibia 5 00
21— Relief Committee, Levisburg ro ("^
21— J. H. Clark, CollierviUe 5 00
21— A few friends. Cowan .50 OO
oi_First National Bank, Columbia... 10 OC
22— Rev. A. W. Mangum and others,
Chapel Hill 32 fO
o,r,_valentino & Co , N.^'.shville 5 CO
25— C. F. Vance, Memphis 70 fO
25— Chickasaw Guards, Memphis 512 95
2.5 — Citizens of Franklin 123 GO
25— Relief Association, LLwisbnrg 05 CO
2.5— Citizens of Clarksville E82 CO
20 — Miss Sue B. Gannaway, Murfrees-
boro 14 25
20— D. A. Townsend, Winchester 12 (0
2G— Burwinkle & SIruwing, Memphis .50 00
20— Citizens' Relief Com.. Nashville.. 500 00
2f,— R. W Brown, Na.sliville .50 00
20 — Lide Merriwether, Memphis 40 00
27-R. L. C. White, for CollierviUe,
Lebanon .50 CO
27— Colored Relief Society, Bolivar.... 7 00
27 — Jas. D. Riehard.son, Murfreesboro 11 20
■27— Roll Ellen Aid Soc., Dyer Station 30 00
356
APPE>'DIX.
Sept. 29— Froerlmniis' S. S., Concord ? 5 CO
2y— Bell's Depot Minstrels, Bell's
Depot 17 00
29-\V. H. Deetv, Li udon 7'J 10
•29— Rehobiith Chiircli, Dyer Station... 30 00
Oct. 1 — riii/ensof Dyersl>um.fMr Browns-
ville : 83 S5
2— J. B. I'on.l, Liine.-tone BO
2— Ki'liel' ('(1111., S.Tieville, tliro' Miss
A. ranies .S2 00
3 — Youiil; hul'.es of ( 'arbonilale 3130
3— Unknown, thro' Colly & Graves,
Wliite I'i le 2 00
4— Goslicii ( iiiiiidi, Cowan 18 00
7— Citizriis oi Center Point 19 8")
7 — Major Wni. Messiclc, Memphis.... 3-5 00
9 — Little .Vnnie May, Clarksvilie 2 fiO
9— Isham G. Harris, Memphis 50 00
10— J. \V. Paul', Menipliis 2 00
10- Citizens of Fr.inklin 40 9.>
10— W. D. lli-iilaiHk'f, Memphis 3 .'lO
10— Relief fund, ( hattanoo.^a 177 13
10— J. K, Joliiislon, Wytlie 50 (0
10— Louis PIn^^lle» and wife, Memphis 5 00
10— Pninkelt, Isom & Co., bv T. H.
Allen, Mempliis 19 CO
10— J. \V. C;iapp, Memphis 50 00
10— Mrs. E. C. .lames, Bristol JO 00
10— George Gill, Brownsville 34 liO
10— .1. H. Moore, Memphis 10 00
10— J. h. Lee, Fnlton 50 00
10— Flahertv-* Snlliv.iii, Meinph.s... 100 00
10— Aid Soeietv. Roll lilleil 3il 00
10— Citizens of nv.Tsbu ru 25 90
Aug. 24— Rev. .1. N. Wad.l'll, Memphis 10 01)
28— \V. E. Siiiitli. :\Iemphis 10 00
Sept. (>—, J. T. Piekitt, Mempliis ■ 100
19— Jas. S. Robinsiin, Mempliis 100 00
22— Andrew Renkert, Memjihis 100 00
27 — Horace E. Anderson, Memphis... 40 00
27— W.W. Etler. Memphis 25 00
27— S. C. Toof & Co., Memphis 20 00
Nov. 7— Olio Clnb, Pnlaski 64 50
11— .T. K. Flippin, mayor, Memphis... 10,000 00
H— Porter, Taylor & Co., Memfihis... 50 00
29 — Citizens of Lebanon, thro' R. L.
C. White 50 00
Deo. 18— "W, & S. Jack & Co., Memphis 100 00
18-Sundrv coll. .by Dr.R.W.Mitchell,
Memphis 88 13
Total $23,847 97
TEXAS.
Aug. 2.8— Citizens of IInntin?don $70 00
30— Vorwarts S.irifty, Dennison 50 00
31— Citiz'.'ijsof G.ilveston 500 00
31— Lnmlier dealers. Fort Worth 100 00
Sept. 2— Merchants of Rockville 50 0)
4— Christian Church, Fort Worth 32 00
4 — Citizens of Weimar 25 00
4 — Citizens of Victoria 1-50 00
4 — R. A. (Uiapter, Dennison, for Gre-
nada 70 00
6 — Amateur Concert, Dennison 124 .50
6— Drs. Swearengen & Manniiig,Aus-
tin 500 00
7— Citv of Houston '200 fO
7— City of (iainesville 50 00
8— CitV of Sherman 100 CO
8-Paoli Lodge, No. 28, I.O W.M 21 00
8— B. Saunders, Round Rock 80 00
9— Cilizeiis of Dallas 300 00
9 — Sam Houston Fire Co., No. 1, Sher-
man 25 00
9— Exchnnge Bank, Dallas 55 70
10— E. A. Sturges, Waco 4'> 00
11— City of San Antonio 500 00
12 — T. J. Harrison & Co., Longview... 31 50
13— E. A. Sturges, mayor, Waco 20 50
14— Proceeds concert, Austin , 144 50
10— Citizens' Rel.A.ss'n, Flatinia, thro'
,S. H. Kimball 194 00
10- jr. E. Church iV; S Sch , Houston. 54 40
16 — Minneola Lodge, No. 511, IC.of H.,
Minneola 20 00
Oct. 17— Citizens of Rusk S82 CO
1; — Masonic Fraternity, Austin 50 00
17 — Masonic Fraternitv, .\uslin, for
Holly Springs '. 50 00
17— Citizens of Weatherford 42 50
17- Relief Ass'n, Pans 300 00
17— City (jf Bastrop 65 00
17 — Mayor of Weimar 60 50
18— Citizens of Henderson 100 CO
18— J. Yerdel, Dennisi;n 25 00
18- Citizens of Brennan 735 00
18— Citizens of Galveston 600 00
18— Rev. B. J. Cnnningham, Waco 10 20
20— A widow, I'alcstine 1 00
20- Methodist S. School. DouglasviUe .39 00
20— Citizens of Mi Kiiim y 100 00
• 20— Citizens of Hniitsville 75 00
21— Social Clnb, Oiange 53 '20
21 — Citizens of SeL;niii 65 15
21— Moiilton Chapter, Phuiiiia.. 20 00
21— Moniton Lodge, Platinia 14 CO
21— Citizens Wt-stein Ti .\as. thiough
State Nat. Bank, New Orhans.-. 400 00
21— Employes Street R. R., Houslon... 23 00
21— Yiaiim Men's Aid Soc, Beanmniit 14 CO
21- Citizens of Te.xarkana 100 00
22— Heard, Allen A Raliier. Clebourne 22 70
22 — Colorado (.dninianderv. No. 4, lor
Memphis Mi, sons....". 100 00
22 — Paris CumiiuindLTy, No. 9, for
jMemphis Mason.v 50 00
22— Prairie Cirove S. School, Mexia.... 15 00
22— JL E. Snndav School, Bastrop 26 00
23— Employes J|.& T C.R.R , Houston 1.50 00
24— P.aiitist Sunday School, Lollg^■iew 13 50
24— I 'oloii d M E. "church, Brennan... 25 45
21— Citizens of San Saba 140 00
24— Mark, Lallimerit Co., Eniiis 21 00
24— Citizens of Houston 500 00
24 -Dr. S. E. Clements, Paris 10 CO
24— JIachiiiists of Int. Gt N. R. R.,
Palestine 222 00
25— Baptist Church, Casiineville 18 00
2.1— Baptist & Christian (■li.,Loiigview 19 CO
25 — Citizens of Miilican 33 50
2.5 — Citizens of Biownwood 54 25
25 — Citizens of Breekenridge IS 00
26— Citizens of Washa 10 15
26— Citizens of Clarksvilie 15 00
27~ Dramatic Club, Bonham 55 00
27— Christ's Church, Pilot Point .51 00
27— Ladies of Belton 156 30
27— Ft>rest Glade Clinreh, Mexia 47 40
27— Ladies of Hempstuid., 142 00
27 — Chi istian Church. Waxnhatehie... 13 00
27 — Cumberland C'h., Waxahatehie.... 7 45
2S^-Chnrch near Terrell 0 90
28— Colored M. E. Church, Henderson 5 70
28— Methodist E. Church, Palestine... 25 00
28 — (Mtizeus' concert 12 65
28— Capt. Caralier & Co. F, 8th Cav.,
FortlNhdntosh 31 00
28— Lieut. Eldridue ct Co. D, 10th Inf.,
Fort Mcintosh 32 .50
28— Lieut. Wvman i^; Co. E. 24th Inf.
(col.). Fort Mcintosh 31 75
28— Co. D, 24th Inf. (col.). Fort Mcin-
tosh '21 50
28— Capt. Gilman .V- Co. II, 24tli Inf.
(col.). Fort Midntosh 30 00
28 — JIaj. W. R. Price, commanding
sth Cavairv 10 CO
29— Churches ol Gainesville 25 00
2<.)— ( 'hnrches of Palestine 11 35
29— Churches of Ciiickclt 43 80
29— Chnrcliesof Welllnini 4 55
29— Cit.zeiis of Stepheiisville 44 75
29 — Conmci:ation of Granbury 15 00
30— White uml col. citizens of Seguiu 140 00
30— Citizens of Carthage 35 00
30— Baptist Church, Jlexia 20 05
30— Baptist cliurch, Caldwell 40 00
SO— Citizens of Vallev View 13 .50
30— Citizens of Rockdale 45 00
3)— Citizens of Laredo 234 00
Oct. 1 — Citizens of Howard 73 05
1— Citizens of Courlney 39 15
1— Citizens of New Bronfelds 30 25
2— M. E. Church, Greenville 34 SO
APPENDIX.
357
Oct.
Nov,
Oct.
Due.
Sept.
Aus
3— Citizens of Monsolia 838 50
3— Jli'.j. E. E. Sellers, li'ort Mclntnsli. 5 UU
3— Lieut. Uuggaii, 10th Inf., Fort
Mcintosh 5 O'J
3— Lieut. iMaretilloi, 24th Inf., Fort
Melntosh 10 00
4 — Citizens of Matugorda .SI M
4 — Churches of Cottou Ghi 13 30
4 — City refugees U'.i ."lO
4 — Kickorv Grove Church 3 l.")
4-1'r. C. ("'. Burke H 70
4— H. Richards Willis 14 ■_'.">
5— L. Cartwri^ht, S in Augustine loo tw
5— Toadies of Cah ert '20t> '.(')
6 — Presbyterian Church, Wiudh.im... 0 50
6— Citizens of Dcntiin 40 IHJ
5— \V. H. McHellau A Sou, Ledbelter 13 00
7— lielief ( oniiiii I ti'O, Hearne .50 00
7— Bapti.st Cliin-ch, P.ist Oak Grove... Ki 50
7 — Citizens of Uenaville, Bl'U Co 7 15
7 — Citizens of Troy 37 30
7 — M.E.Church & 8. School. Cameron 5(1 00
7— Citizens' Commitcee, Cold S|)rings 45 00
7 — Citizens' Committee, Bellville 71 00
9— Citizens of Cieres & DeWitt Cos... 101 00
9— Citizens of Terrell & Kaufman.... 24 40
10 — Relief Conimiltee, Luling 20 35
10-Churehes of Luling .s 40
10— Bi.xie Minstrels, Luling 20 00
10— Citizens of Honey Grove 21 00
11— Citizens of Bittsliurg 12 15
13— Usage Cliurch, Weimar 17 00
13— Fire Department. Austin 204 00
13 — citizeM.s of Longvieiv 14 00
13 — James B. Young. C^larksville 15 50
15 — Concert by Cornet Band, t.'olumbia 10 20
1.5— Little girls of Waco 23 .50
23— Leveiie Lodge, A.F.M., Dallas Co. 10 00
29— Little Elm Grange, Ilarrisville,
Bell Co 21 00
2— .Jno. B. Leduc, Weathers (or. 1 2 00
4— .San Gabriel Lodge, 80, A. F. &
A. M., Georgetown 10 00
29— Citizens ot Corsicana.. 90 OO
20 — Citizens of Jefferson, thro' How-
ard Ass'ii, New Orleans 150 00
20— Citizens of Fort Wortli, through
Howard Ass'n, New Orleans 20 00
20 — Churches of Tyler, through How-
ard Ass'n, New Orleans 140 00
20— Churches of Waxahatchie, thro'
• Howard Ass'n, New Orleans 24 SO
Total 511,400 30
UTAH.
15— Citizens of Ogden S414 00
19— 1-adies' Relief Ass'n, ."^alt Lake 1S4 .35
19— Pro. game base ball. Salt Lake 415 00
!<)— Lecture, Rev. Van Horn, Salt Lake 41 00
19 — Subs'n of Capt.Codman, Salt Lake 25 00
19— Ladies' Relief Ass'n, .Salt Lake HO 00
19— HenrvClay Soc 4G .50
19— Millers of Fri.sco 220 00
19 — Miuersof Wild Dutchnian Oam]i... 30 50
20 — Mavorof Salt Lake Citv, from E.
f. Cone 841 95
2r>— Mavorof Salt Lake Citv 214 .50
27— Park City Mining Camp 133 90
20— Miners of Stockton .SO 00
Total .^f2,774 70
28— "VV. R. Quarles, Riehmoiid SlOO 00
2.S— Citizens of Alexandria 109 00
29— Richmond & P. R. R 25 00
2!)— W. R. QiiarU s, Richmond 2.50 00
29— Howard Ass'ii, Norfolk 300 00
2S)— Howard Ass'n, " for Grenada... 200 00
2<)— T. H. Arnold, Bufordsville 5 00
29— .T. W. Arnold, Bufordsville 5 00
29— Lodge No. l.'J, Staunton 25 00
Aug. 29— W. L. Balthes, mavor, Staunton. .,.S1.50 00
20— W. U. Quarles, Kichmoud 400 00
Sept. 2 — Cay of Alexandria 59 75
2 — City of Alexandria, for Grenada.... .50 00
2— City of Lynchburg 100 00
2— t;ity of Tazewell C. H.,h>r Grenada 7 00
'2 — Guests and propr's White .Sulphur
S|irings 100 00
'2— R. W. Newsom, JIuiit Wliite Sul-
phur Springs 25 00
4 — City <if Abington 51 :;0
4 — City of Abington, for Vicksburg.... 51 (lO
4— City of Abington, for New Orleans 51 00
4 — City (jf Abington, for Grenada 51 00
O-W. G. Veniible, Falmouth ,so 00
0— W. G. Veuable, " lor Grenada. 40 00
ti— W. c;. Venable, " "Vicksburg 40 00
7— 2d Pres. Ch., Bristol 29 10
7— Citizens of Charlottesville 2S2 01)
8— Fairlield C. li.. thro' M H. Wells.. .50 35
9— Disbursing (_'oni., Fredericksbing.. 100 00
9— City of Staunton 50 NO
9 — Stonewall brigade baud, Staunton. 05 00
10 — City of Harrisonburg, thro' C. V.
Strayer 100 00
10— A lady of Leed'sCh., FauquierCo.,
thro' C. C. Strayer. for Grenada.. 40 75
10 — Citizens of Alexandria Ill 25
10 — Citizens of (ilade Spriiiiis 30 75
10— Citizens of Christianslnirg 03 00
11— :\Ii.ss Jhigiie B. Jones, Danville 230 00
11— W. R. Canaries, Richmond 200 00
13— City of Lexington 2-50 00
13— Pro. Fut'mt Mont White Sulphur
Springs 100 0t>
13 — J. Eichberg, for Hebrew Society,
Alexandria 25 00
14— W. R. Qnarles. Richmond 250 00
17 — A few Masonic friends, Matthews
C. 11 10 00
17— Ilowanl Ass'n, Ncnfolk 700 00
17— Lt. (.'. Chase, C. S. A., Norfolk .55 00
17— St. Stephen's Epis. Ch., Culpep-
per, for Holly Springs .55 00
15 — Stonewall brigade band.Staunton,. lOs .50
]S— Thos. J. Goodwyn, Fiiicastle .50 00
IS— Citizens of Salein ,50 00
10 — Citizens of Covington 70 00
].,i_W. R. Quarles, Kichmoud 200 00
20 — Jjadies' Aid .'Society, Liberty 10 00
20 — Ba|itist Sunday-school, Liberty 10 00
20— \V. L. I5althes,"Staunton 55 75
20 — South Side Masonic Lodge, 191,
Pamiialia Citv 11 75
oo_w. 11, Quarles, Richmond 100 00
•jl— Knights of the Crescent, Danville.. 25 Oo
21— Citizens of Nottaway County 72 74
21— Y. M. C. A., Norfolk 185 00
21— Citizens of Rockingham Co., thro'
C. C. Straver 148 39
o,2_G. W. Carroll. Lvnchburg 100 00
22— Mansfield & Loyd, Lynchburg 2.5 00
22 — Citizens of Lynchburg 75 00
22 — I'ltizensof Rappahannock Station.. 29 00
23 — White and col'd citizens of Alex-
andria .55 50
23— W. R. Quarles, Richmond, for
Mo>cow 100 00
23 — W. R. Quarles, Richmond, for
Willislon ICO 00
— W. R. Quarles, Richmond, for
Grauii Jiinctiou 100 00
24— Catholic Ch., Lynchburg 93 00
24— C)tizeusof Lyneiibtirg 11 25
2.5 — John Gardner. Chri>ti.uisburg 16 43
25— < 'itizens of Fairfax 20 00
2(',— Methodist, E. t h.. Danville 70 39
2r>— P. B. Gravellv, Danville '25 00
20— Dr. W. E. Hoge, Bland ('. H 5 lO
2,s— Good Templars, Fairfax (', H 20 0/
2S— Rev. A. P. Gray, Lynchburg 19 78
2,s— Lafavette Lodge, 137, F. tt A. M.,
Laiirav 44 10
28- W. R. l^uarles. Richmond 200 OO
211— Church :it Sulphur Springs 5 .S5
oi.i— Musical club, Danville 117 45
2;i— Presbvterian Ch., Danville 23S 40
29 — Citizens of .Vlexandria 170 .50
29— Citizens of Warrentou Junction 30 00
1
358
APPEXDIX.
Sept. 29— Citizens of Gordonsville ? 66 00
29— \V. L. Balthes, mayor, Staunton 10
Oct. 1— Goncl Templars, Fairfax 23
2— Citizens of Leesburg 100 00
2— J. H. Dasli, Dublin 26-1')
2— St. Luke's (■hureh. Pedlar Mills 4 77
2— Rev P. H. Piseher 1 10
2 — K Kemper, Alexandria 151 4.5
2 — Conwav, Gordon & Garnett, Fred-
ericksburg .5S 08
2 — S\inday-sclioolof Ciippahosic 5 25
5— Proceeds concert, Tazewell C. H.... 59 75
5— F. G. McMillan, Mouth of Wilson.. 35
7 — Citizens of Orange C. H 102 71
7— Y. JI C. A., Salem 36 00
f) — Citizens and churches of Salem 26 .55
9 — Colored citizens of .Salem 5 So
10— Citizens of New Market, thro' A.
Henkle 25 00
11 — C'itizens of Harrisonburg 62 50
15 — Citizens of Nottoway County 20 28
16 — W. G. Venable & Bra, Fariiiville... 57 45
23— Lodge No. 119, Sidney 5 00
23— A. St. Clair, Bluestoue 5 00
29— W. L. Baltlie, mayor, Staunton 44 32
31— Citizeusof New Market 16 00
Nov. 15 — C, C. Strayer, Harrisonburg 24 75
15 — K. Kemper, mayor, Alexandria.... 180 00
16 — Pierce Sab. School, Fineastle 11 75
Dec. 11— Citizens of Rockbridge Co., thro'
C. M. Tiggatt, Lexington 132 00
13— Kmanuel P. E. Ch., Dublin G 45
20— Old Chapel, Clark Co.. thro' How-
ard Ass'n, New Orleans 3181
20— Citizens of Winchester, thro' How-
ard .\ss'n. New Orleans 200 OO
20 — Little Girls Bazar.Wiuchester.thro'
ifoward Ass n, New Orleans 27 00
20 — Citizens of Clark Co., thro' How'ard
Ass'n, New Orleans 50 00
Total $9,524 55
Sept.
Sept,
TEKMONT.
21— Ladies of Burlington S723 81
21 — Citizeusof North Bennington 75 00
25— Mrs. E. M. Barnes, Bakersfield 10 00
29 — Cong. Sunday-school, Woodstock.. 20 50
Total .S829 31
WASIUNGrOJf, ». c.
6— Uiiitfd States Treasury 8300 00
6— Uniteil Stales Treasury 700 00
C — " Evening Star " newspaper, and
em|)loy^^s 79 75
6 — Government printing office, and
employes 80 00
9— C. H. McAlister, Chairman 67 OO
13— G. M. L.)rku(K>d, Int. Dep't 113 05
14— East Wasli i nuton Relief Ass'n 75 00
l.S — Whiting and Moses (racers) 105 50
18 — Unknown Washingtonian 5 00
18— Citizens of Washington 200 00
18 — Citizens' Relief Committee, East
AVashington 50 00
Total ; SI, 775 30
WEST VISiOINIA.
Aug. 27 — J. H. Hobbs, Brockermier & Co.,
Wheeling 8200 00
Sept. 5— Citizens of WelLsburg 50 00
6— Lutheran S S., Wheeling 8 94
6— Mrs. E. Burt & Lizzie Burt, Wheel-
ing 5 00
9— Citizens of Hinton 14 00
9— John H. Russell. Huntington 380 00
10— Hebrew ladies of Charleston 51 00
12— City of Point Pleasant 107 00
Sept. 1.3— City of Guynndotte S 53 .50
13— Citizens of Parkersburg 150 00
19 — Citizi ns of Piedmont 10 .85
20— Emploves La Belle Iron Works,
Wheeling 119 ,55
20— Citizens of Martinsbnrs 308 00
22-Hail ritv B<Kit Clnb, Wheeling.... 100 0<)
24— Ladi, s , ,1 St. All.ans 24 20
28— Citi/rns .ii I'leduKiut 110 05
30— Ladies Relief Ass n, Fairmount.. 110 00
Oct. 1— P. li. Kegleter, Bob Town 100 00
1— Relief I (uumiltee. Wheeling 700 00
1— Citizens of .MoundsviUe 248 76
2— R. M. Stinkier, Philippi 1 00
8— Citizens of Parkersburg 50 00
Nov. 6 —Collection at election polls, Fair-
view, thro' Plattenburg 55 00
11— Employes of Raymond Coal Co... 28 00
Total §2,990 55
wiscoxsinr.
Aug. 22— D. Ferguson. Milwaukee ? 500 00
25 — Joseph Schlitz Brewing Co., Mil-
waukee 500 CO
26— Guests of Draper Hall, Oconomo-
wac 100 00
27 — State officers & employ es.Madison 1.50 00
28— Jewett Sherman, Jlilwankee.... 75 00
28 — Jewett it ^^hcnnan, Milwaukee.... 25 00
31— Edward Vain, Kenoslia 100 00
Sept. 2— Citizens of Watertown 100 00
2 — Ladies' Benev. Ass n, Stephens Pt 1.53 50
2— Shaurette Lodge, No. 92, 1.O.O.F.,
Sicjihens Pt 10 00
3— City of Prairie DuChien 1 40 OO
4 — Musical i.*c Snuthside Relief Ass'n,
Milwaukee 145 00
5— Citizens of Evansville 200 00
6— 5L E. Church, Prairie Du Chien.. 0 30
G — City of Jauesville and Temple oS
Honor 575 58
8— City of Racine 300 00
9— Baptist Church, Waukegan 10 82
9 — Emploves ".Seniinel," Milwaukee 100 OO
9— Citv of Burlington 84 OO
10— City of Boscobel 100 OO
10— Presbyterian S. S., Stepliens Pt... 4 OO
11— "State Journal," Ma<lison .50 00
11— R. Eberts, Fond du Lac 10 00
11— Congregational Ch., Whitewater.. 281 81
11— T. Z. Thiowiii, Plattsville C 87
13— Citizens nf Paetogue 81 00
13 — Ladies' ('(iinniittee, MiUvaukee... 27 75
13— Citizens ol JeH'erson 20 00
13— Citizens' A.ss'n, Manitoowoc 370 00
14 — Citizens of Mazomanie 76 SO
14— Citizens of Beloit 100 00
14— Citizens of Eikhorn S3 00
14 — Musical Entertainment, A. 0. U.
W., Atkinson 62 75
16— Citizens of Jefferson 50 00
16 — Relief Committee, Darlington 193 15
17 — Employes T. H. Chapman & Co.,
Milwaukee .50 00
17 - R.W. Bounce & C.J. Little, Mexico 20 00
18— Citizens of Tomah 62 00
18— Citizeusof Shebovgan 200 00
18— Citizens of Asliland 70 40
18— Wauwatosa Relief Ass'n, by T.
W. Hunt 160 00
19— Relief Committee, Monroe 10<.1 00
19— Citizeusof Watertown 100 00
19— Citizens of Appleton 1,000 00
19— M'ch'ts & M'l'g A.ss u, Pt. "Wash-
ington 1-52 65
19— Citizens of Delafield 25 00
19— Mayor of Menasha.. 395 00
20— Volunteer Fire Co., Waukesha.... 75 00
20— Citizens' Relief Com., Racine 200 CO
20— Dramatic Club, Geneva Lake 92 ,50
20— Citizens of Two Rivers 160 00
20— Citizens of Prescott 112 00
21— John B. Clark, mayor, Milwaukee 200 00
21— Choir 1st Pres. Ch., Green Bav 205 3,5
21— Citizens of Waukegan 100 00
APPENDIX.
359
Sept. 21— Citizens of P:altsvino $129 no
22— Citiznis of Plymouth -til 00
22— Jiimt s O. Pierce, Horicon 10 00
22— Public fscliools, Grceu Bay 10 Os
22— Citizens of Whitewater 14 "5
22— Citizens of ICIlUiorii Ill 00
22-( itizens of Plvinouth GO 00
2:! -Proi'. of Concert, Sheljoysnn Falls «.s W
25— H. G. Truman, Green Bay 1 2.i
25— .1. lioss. Chippewa Falls 10
25— Ci I izens of <'olinnbus 4'.l 50
25— citizi/ns of Oslikosli 400 00
25— O^eniaTemple of Honor.Stephen's
Point 25 CO
25— Citizens of La Crosse 150 00
25— Ladies of Sehofielfl Mills 15 00
2ti — Son & i1au!;hter of John Arneal,
Washington 5 25
20— Citizens' Relief Com., Waukesha 340 .58
•^7_(i. w. Black, Lake Mills 5 00
27 — (Jerniau M. 15. Church, Jett'er.son. 15 00
27— Fairwater Baptist Churcli, Ripou. G 91
2.S-Cilizens' Relief Com.. WauUesha. K 10
28— Citizens of Janesville 20 35
28— Cilizens of Monroe si ,50
30— Temple of Honor, No. 82. De Pere 41 00
Oct. 1 — Citizens of Bennington 70 GS
Oct. 2— Citizens of Burlinstou S K) 00
.5— J. Hewitt Ji P. .lacoljs. Mineral Pt. 5 .50
9— P. A. ()rtun, Darliufiton 24 25
12— Concert, by (i.W. Pratt.River Falls 104 00
]:;— .1. IL Cameion, Pewaukee 10 00
13- . I. Dawson, Pewaukee 5 50
17— \\'m. Hoar, Mineral Pt 1 00
17— Miss Eliza Fink. Mineral Pt 1 (lO
23— .1. H. Hewitt, Mineral Pt 2 00
23— Citizens of Appleton 429 00
2!— Citizens of Watertown 204 09
Nov. 23 — Citizens of Chippewa Falls 20 oo
Total 510,502 77
WYOMIXtJ TKKKJTOKY.
Aus. .31— OfTicers U. fi. Army, at Cheyenne. S 90 00
Sept. 1— Citizens of Clieyenne 1G8 .50
22— Proc. same of Ijiise-ball, at Ft. A.
I). Russell 94 75
27— Citizens of Laramie City 400 00
29— M. H. Footo, Easton ". 122 .50
Total ?«7a 75
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT OF DONATIONS RECEIVED SINCE
JANUARY 1, 1879.
Jan. 20— J.H.Milliken.Wentherford.Texas,
proceeds bale of cotton, .sold by
Kirtland, Humphreys & Mitch-
ell, of St. Lo\iis,Mo.. in damaged
ciindition $ 18 34
Feb. 15— W. O. (Jox, Siiriusfield, Mo., from
children of First BaptistChurcli
and Sondav-school 3 90
21— Florence L. lioyal, Big Creek, Va. 2 03
Mar. 7— J. D. Scully, treasurer, Pittsbnrgli.
P,i.,to be given to those made
orphnnsby theepidemicof 1878. 100 00
Tlios. French & Son. publishers,
of New York, in September last,
Mar.
gave Jlr. F. S. Davis, of Jfem-
phis, Tenn., one hundred dol-
lars in cash, which, on a tele-
gram from Dr H. W. Mitchell,
Me<lieal Director, he invested
in Leibig's E.xtract of Beef, and
."■hipped same to Howard Afs'n,
Avas received and used bv them.
11— Y. M. C A , Newberrv. S. C $ 7 15
p. Read, Memphis, Teini... 100 00
Brown & Brother, Winston, N. C.,
received Cclolier 21, and by
mistake included in unknow n. 202 50
360
APPENDIX.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF FOOD, CLOTHING, AND MEDICAL SUPPLIES.
The following is a detailed statement of the contributions of food, clothing, and
medical supjilies sent to the people of Memphis by the citizens of the Union, through
the Howard Association :
Aug. 1.')— AVills it WiTdberger. Memphis, stationery.
19 — C'liirk, Johnson & Co., Mempliis, 2 bbls
flour.
19— Jno. H. Brand & Co., Louisville, Ky.,
1 bbl and 1 bx mustard.
21— R. G. Lattinf}, Memphis, all the soap we
want.
21— Edward Allges, vShelby Co., 1 bbl apples.
21 — W. J. Chft.se & Co., Memphis, 2 bblsmea],
2 bbls flour.
23— Citizens of Mason's Depot and vicinity, 2
bbls flour. 2 sliouLlers bacon, 2 bbls
potatoes, 1 jus honey, 2 bbls meal, 2
himbs, 20 chickens.
23— E.H.Wathan, Caseyville, Ky., 2 bblsflour.
24 — Bejac A Co., Mem[>his, 1 b.x fans.
21 — J. C. Baker, Mempliis, 5 b.xs tomatoes.
21— Lea & Cowan, Brownsville, Tenn., 2 bbls
flour.
24 — Citizens of McKenzie, Tenn., 2 bbls flour.
24 — W.A.White, Covington, Tenn., 50doz_eggs.
24 — A widow, Memphis, 1 lb tea.
24 — Citizens' Relief Committee, Memphis, 5
doz cliiclvGiis
2ri— Bozier, Weyl & Co., St. Louis, Mo., 10
bxs crackers.
2C — Valentine Meat Juice Works, Richmond,
Va., 3 doz meat j\iice.
26— Wm. S Kene & Co., Louisville, Ky., 5
bbls carbolic acid.
26— J. H. Winkleraan, Memphis, 2 bbls flour,
2 bbls meal.
26 — Washington lee Co., CIiicago,Ill., 1 car ice.
26— R. G. t'^raig & C:o., Memphis, bouquets
and watermelon seed.
26— SchoolHeld, Hanauerit Co., Memphis, 10
bxs crackers.
26 — Simon N. Jones, Louisville, Ky., 1 doz
Crab Orchard salts.
26— Mrs. Jl. C. Blaine, Brunswick, Ga., 1 bx
wines and sundries.
26 -Dr. J. J. Hoskins, St. Paul, Minn., 1 bx
medicines.
Sept. 1— Paul Mobr, Cincinnati, O., 3 bxs bitters.
2 — R. G. Lattiiig & <:o., Memphis, bxs soap.
2— Ladies of Bloomiiigton, Ind., 1 bbl sup-
plies.
2-Blake, Walker & Co , Chicago, 111., 25
bxs crackers.
2— Dr. G. S. Coleman, Dallas, Tex., 1 case
sulphur water.
2— Rollins, Whitcher A Co., Norfolk, Va., 1
car ice.
3— M. L. Jleacham & Co., Memphis, sugar
and tea.
3— E. G. Whires & Co., Metropolis, ID., 2 bbls
flour.
4— Lewis Gage & Co., Louisville, Ky., 2sacks
watermelon seed
4— Chicago Bakery Co., 10 bbls crackers.
4— Holding & .Anderson, Columbia, Tenn.,
400 Uis flour.
4— From Detroit, Mich., through Toof & Co.,
2 cases champagne.
0— Tlios. Gibson, Wood Lawn Mills, Tenn.,
8 sacks flour.
Sept. 5— Mrs. W. H. Campbell, Cincinnati, O , 1
bx clothing.
5 — Dr. J. O. Hurley, Cincinnati, O., 6 medi-
cated cloaks.
5 — Ladies of Presbyterian Church, Birming-
ham, Ala., 1 bx preserves and fr\iit.
S — Louisville Coffin Co., Louisville, Ky., 60
coffins.
5— Hall A- Eddv and Saw Mill Co., Louisville,
Ky., 4,000 feet lumber.
6 — AYm Zinsser & Co., New York City, sali-
cylic acid.
6 — Jno. Hilt it Co., Laporte, Ind., 1 car load
ice.
6— Sirs. Ilattie Brewster, Memphis, 8 lbs.
butter.
6 — J. T. Caple, Memphis, meat and potatoes.
6 — Citizens of Morristown, Tenn., 58 sacks
flour.
6— Ladies' Relief Ass'n, Brunswick, Ga., 1
bx supplies.
6— W, I. Walker, Chicago, 111., 0 doz pints
blue sulphur water.
6 — Merchants' Exchange, St. Louis, Mo., .50
cols, 100 beds, 100 moss pillows, 200
sheets, 200 pillow slips.
6— Lovely Jloinit P. O., Jlontgomery Co.,
8 bbls flour, 1 bx bacon.
8— Mrs. Nellie Balch, Golconda, 111., 1 bx
clothing.
8— Talmage Lake Ice Co., Louisville, Ky., 1
car ice.
8— Belleville Minstrels, Bell's Depot, Tenn.,
2 coops chickens, 1 bbl potatoes, 1 bx
eggs.
8 — Chamlier of Commerce, New York, 5 eases
condensed milk.
8— Citizens of Mount Vernon, N. Y., 1 bx
provisions.
9— Ladies of Wilmington, Del., 1 bx sheets.
9— C. C. Graham, Memphis, TeiiU., 5 bbls
flour.
9— Citizens' Relief Committee, Memphis,
Tenn.. 4 coops chickens.
9— Hance Bros. & White, Philadelphia, 5
bills plienolino.
9— J. L. Parks. Franklin, Tenn , 4 bWs flour,
2 pks;s coffee, 9 sacks flour, 2 pkgs meat.
9— S. Levy, Allenville, Ky., 1 bbl flour, 1 bx
mcMt.
lO—Citizens of St. Joseph. Mo, , 1 bx clothing.
]0— Clark Bros., Detroit, Jlich.. 3 b))ls crackers.
10— Talley & Eaton, Lynchburg, Tenn., 1 bbl
apple brandy.
10— Lewis JlcKinnie, Alexandria, Va., 1 case
brandy.
10— Citizens' Relief Committee, Jlemphis,
Tenn., 1 coop chickens.
10— Peabody A.=sociation, St. Louis, Mo., 1
car jirovisions.
10— S. Levy, Allenville, Ky., 1 bbl flour, 1 bx
meal.
10— Tercliheimer Bros., Detroit, Mich., 1 ease
champagne.
10— Keiitiicky Distillery Co., Louisville, Ky. ,
2 bbls whisky.
1
APPENDIX. V. 3(31
Sept. 10— W. 11. jreriUcIiem, Wnvcrly, Teiin., 18
.sacks flour, l bbl.s potatoes.
10 — Young men and citizens of Boll's, Tcnn.,
SO chickens, 9') doz eggs, 1 bbl potatoes.
10 — DooliUle, Webster & Co., 2 cases wine.
13— Citizens of Courtiand, Ala., galls wine,
50 lbs flour, ^^ coops chickens, 1 coop
turkeys.
13 — A. E. Scott, Ralston, Tenn., C sacks flour
and meal, 1 sack bacon.
14— Citizens o£ Courtlan.l, Ala., 10 cattle, 1
mutton, 6 sacks flour.
14— P. M. Patterson, Trezevant, Tcnn , 7 coops
chickens.
14 — Salem Church, Atoka, Tenn.,4bbls meal,
1 bx eggs, 1 bbl flour, 1 coop ehickons,
1 bbl potatoes, 2 .sacks flour anil meal.
17 — Sabbath School, Concord, Tcnn., 10 ; bags
floiir, 3.1 .sacks potatoes, 1 bbl potatoes,
1 sack peas, (isacks bacon, r> sacks beans,
1 bx beans, iU bags meal, 20 bags ilricil
fruit, 24 bags onions, 1 keg onions, Scans
butter, 3 coops chickens, 1 bbls ))otatocs.
18 — Staunton, Va., 22 bbls Hour, 3 bags jiota-
toes, 10 pieces bacon, pieces dried
fruit, 3pkgs tea, 1 jar preserves.
15— JliUbrook, Va., 2bbisflour.
IS— De Paince, Va., 12 bbls flour, 1 bbl pota-
toes, 1 bag soap, 2 pieces meat.
18— Mount Sidway, Va., 2 bbls potatoes, 2
bbls flour, 1 bx liaeon.
IS— Stephen's Cave, Va., 4 bbls flour, 1 bx
bacon.
l.s— Mount Crawford, Va., 7 bbls flour.
IS— Harrisonburg, Va., 13 bbls flour, 1 bljl
potatoes, 1 pkg tea.
18— Linville, Va., 19 bbls flour, 1 bbl potatoes,
8 bags potatoes, 1 piece bacon, 3 crocks
butter.
IS — Broadway, Va., 17 bbls flour, 1 bag meal,
1 bag onions, G bxs jellies, 1 bag pota-
toes, clothing.
18— Timberville, Va., 15 bbls flour, If, Ij'j'
flour, 1 bbl bacon, 7 bags pota'ocs, 1
bx potatoes.
18— Forrest, Va., ]4 bbl flour, 4 bbls potatoes,
1 bag bacon. "
18— Edinburg, Va., 22 bbls flour, 1 bbl pota-
toes, 1 bbl onions, 8 bags potatoes, 1 bx
jellies, 1 tub lard.
18— Strasburg, Va., 12 bbls flour, 3 bxs, 2
sacks sundries.
18— Cedar Creek, Va., 13 bbls flour.
IS— Newtown, Va., 2 bbls flour, 1 bbl and 1
bag potatoes.
IS— Methodist Relief Association, Newtown,
Va., 2 bbls flour, 1 bbl potatoes, 1 piece
bacon, 1 bag oinons, 0 bags potatoes.
IS— Kenton. Va., 1 b.x tea.
18 — Mount Jack,«on, Va., 35 bbls flour, 11 bags
]:jOtatoes, 3 bljls potatoes, 2 b.xs pota-
toes, bacon it apple-butter.
18— Middletou, Va., G bbls flour, 1 keg flour,
1 ham. 1 bx sundries, 4 bags onions tt
potatoes.
IS— Winchester, Va , 2G bbls flour, 2 b.xs & 1
bbl for New Orleans.
18 — Stephenson, Va., 1 bbl flour, 1 piece
bacon.
18 — Ilalltown, Va.,4 bxs supplies.
18— Summit Point, Va., IS bbls flotir, 1 bx
groceries, 1 bbl sundries, 2 bbl cakes,
2 pkgs clothing, 1 bx bacon, 2 bxs eggs,
1 bx sundries, 1 bx flour, 1 lix clothing.
18— Summit Point, Va., for Grenada, 1 bx
cheese, 1 pkg clothing, 1 bx potiitoes, 1
sack meat.
IS— Statesville, Va., 9 bbls flour.
18— Charleston, Va., lOli bbls flour, 1 bx tea.
I'J— Allensville, Ky., 7 bbls flour, i;, bbl lard,
1 sack baco'n, 1 sack potafoes, 1 bx
bacon, 1 bx egors.
10 — .John L. Moore, Quincy, III., 1 bid wine.
20— IClkton Relief Cinnmi'ltee, Elkton, Ky.,
1 bx flour, 1 bx bacon, 1 bx potjitoes.
20— Ladies of Wilndngton, Pel., 1 bx cloth-
ing.
21— A.M.Connrtt, Lebanon, Ky.,0 mattresses
and pillows.
Sept. 22— Relief Com., Marion Co., Ky,, through
L. A. S|ia\ililing, of Lebanon, Ky.", 4
bbls potatoes, 7 bbls flour, 2 bbls meal.
22— Ladies ot ICIgin, 111., through C.R.Coliins,
1 S]]iead, 21) skirls, 13 aprons, Jo night-
dresses, ,s3 dresses, 11 waists and saeques.
r.) chemisettes, 30 pr stockings, 1 over-
coat, 11 coals, l.'i vests, 12 pants, 19
drawers, 4 towels, 53 shirts, S pr hose,
Ijoots and slioes, 23 sheets, 31 pillow-
slijis, 2 comforts.
22 — Friends of Jleraphis, at AVhite Pine,
Tenn., 7 sacks flour, 3 sacks potatoes,
1 sack bacon.
22— Cilizens of Peoria, 111., through Jfayor
Warner, 1(>1 btl potatoes, 132 bn oiuons,
7 bbls beans, 475 sacks flour, 240 sacks
meal, 9 bxs bacon.
22— Relief Com., Will's Point, Texas, through
T. D. Stearn, 11 sacks flour, 90 half
sacks flour.
22— Ladies orPeekskill,N.Y., through Eliza N.
Ferris, 1 bx clothing.
22— Citizens of Fond du Lac, Wis., 82 bbls
flour.
22— Citizens of Hollow Rock, Tenn., 2 coops
chickens.
23 — Ladies of Easton, Pa., 41 mattresses, 7
bxs supplies. Mrs. Sam'l it tf. P. Way,
1 b.x pnjvisious, wine, jellies ct cloth-
ing. Bonsack it Kiser, Eonsack, Va., G4
bbls flour. Coflin M'f'g Co., Richmond,
Ind., 4 burial cases.
24 — Citizens of Carrettsville, O., 2 bxs cloth-
ing.
24— Citizens of Dallas, Texas, 220 half sacks
flour.
2.5— Citizens of Franklin, Tenn., 24 pkgs flour
and m<'at.
2fi-W. L. Cabell, Dallas.Tex.. 20,000 lbs flour.
20— W. J. Walker. Chicago, 111., 1 bbl Blue
Sulphur Water.
20— Jlrs. A. B. Fitch, 1 bx clothinsr.
20 — Wm.Wnoilrnff,Loudou, Ont., 45 lilankets.
20— Miss Marlaud, Cleveland, O., 1 bx pro-
visions.
2G— L. Caillet, Creston, Iowa, Ibx clothing &
supplies.
20 — W. H. Bonset, St. Louis, 5 cans oatrae.al.
1 keg farina, 10 cans peaches, .".0 bxs
crackers,4 bxs shoulders, 10 bxs canned
beef, 13 bbls flour, 30 bbls potatoes, 20
bbls onions. 5 bbls grits.
27 — Citizens of Ind ianapolis.Ind., 27 bbls flour,
5 bols meal, 8 bbls crackers, 4 bbls
beans, 2 bbls potatoes, 2 bbls salt, 2
bags dried apples, 2 half chests tea, G
bags potatoes, 4 liams, G bbls pork. 1
bljl bacon, 1 bx bacon, 1 kit flsh, 1 bag
flour, 7 bbls bread.
27— Citizens of Elmo, Texas, G2 half sacks
flour, 9 sacks flour.
27 — Guild of St. Luke's Cliurch, Plattsmonth,
Neb., 1 bx bed clothing.
27 — Citizens of Bangs, Va., 20 bbls flour.
27— Southern Relief Com., through W. H.
Purse (no city named), 20,000 lbs-corn -
meal, .500 lbs flour, 2 kils mackerel, 3
pkgs dried fruits.
28— Ladies of Battle Creek, Mich., 1 bx deli-
cacies
28— Scientific Ass'n, Atlanta, Ga., 1 bx honey,
Ibx wine, 1 dem wine. 1 bbl crackers,
2 bbl flour, 12 sacks flour, 2 bxs drugs it
clothing
29— 11, it K. Thurlmr, New York, 12 ca'cs
port wine.
29 — Ccanmittee at Newport, Tenn., 4 sacks
flour, 2 sacks meal, 2 .sacks fruit, 2 half
flonr, 1 sack onions, 1 bbl potatoes, 2
bags peaches.
•29— Or.ler of ihe Eastern Star, and ladies of
Jit. Vernon, Ind., 15 bxs fruit, 3 bxs
clothing. 1 bbl potatoes, 12 bbls grits, 1
bbl flonr, 4 bbls <Tackers.
29— A laily of Jlarshall. Mich., 1 pkge.
30 — Ladies of Pctersbnrgh.Va., 1 bx clothing.
30_iMrs. Jas E W. Wallace, Albany, N. Y.,
1 bx sundries.
\
362
APPENDIX.
Oct. 1— Citizens of Glade Springs, Va., tOO lbs
supplies.
1 — Citizens of Greeley, Col., 200 sacks llour.
1 — Congregations of Friends, Philadelphia,
1 bx clothing.
1— Ladies of Paterson,N.J., 11 cases clothing.
2 — Ladies of Goldsboro.N.C, 2 bxs clothing.
2— Dallas and Lancaster, Texas, 20,UOO lbs
flour.
3— Win. Woodruff, London, Onrario, 50 pair
blankets.
3— Citizens of Greele.v, Col., 1 car-load flour.
3— Citizens of Westfield, N. Y., 1 bx clothing
ami siipfilies.
3— Elizalielhtown, East Tenn., 800 lbs flour,
4 bills ).otatiies.
3 — Relief Com., Leetsville, Iowa, 1 car-load
supplies, for country towns around
Memphis.
4— Citizens of Wauseon, Ohio, clothing and
bedding.
.'i— Citizens of Big Lick, Va.. 20 sacks flour.
5— .Sabbath School, Pierceville, Ala., 100
sacks flour, ] b.x bacon.
7— E. D. Willett, 1 case clothing.
7— Citizens of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 2 bbls
clothing.
7 — Ladies of Halodon, N. J., 1 bx sundries
7— W. H. Huntington, Waterloo, 111., 10 bbls
flour.
7— Relief Association, Richmond, Ind., 92
pkgs coltins.
9 — German Church, Hazleton, 111., 8 bbls
flour, 2 bbls apples.
9 -Green Allen, Wolf Creek, Tenn., 100 lbs
bacon, 2 bbls potatoes, 2 sacks flour.
9 — J. K. Bambo, Rural Retreat, Va., 2 bbls
flour, 1 sack flour, 2 pieces bacon.
10— Relief Committee, Cliarlottesville, Va.,
20 lbs tea, li tins beef, 1 doz chocolate, 4
dozcorn starch,! case Wine, 7 bbls cocoa,
1 case mustard, 4 lbs mustard, G bbls
flour.
10— J. H. Baxter, Cartcrsville, Ga., 2 bxs sup-
plies.
12 — Citizens of Kentland, Ind., 14 bbls flour,
4 bbls meal, 2 bbls hams, 1 bbl mess
pork, 1 bbl beans, 1 case peaches, 1 case
canned beef.
12— Ladies of Quincy, 111.. 2 bxs clothing.
12— Citizens of Monroe, Mich.. 4 cases cloth-
ing, 1 bx smotied beef, 4 bbls crackers,
1 bbl potatoes.
13— M. B. Sadler, Centralia, 111., 6 bbls flour.
In — From unknown, 1 bx clothing.
15— Peter Hilton, Lumbertown, N. C, 1 bx
clothing.
17 — Urbaua, O , Wine Co., 5 cases champagne.
Oct. 17— W. L. Caball, Dallas, Tex., CO halt sacks
flour.
17— Trinity University and citizens of Tehau-
cana, Te.x., and citizens of Dallas, 4o
sacks flour.
18 — Albert Fischer & Co., Cincinnati, O., 7
cases canned peaches, 6 cases jellies.
18— Geo. Hofer. Cincinnaii, O., 1 bbl clothing.
18— Leath Orphan Asylum, Cincinnati, O., 1
bbl clcitlmig.
18— Sallie McGraw, Braden, Tenn., 1 coop
chickens.
21 — Ladies of New London, Conn., 2 bxs
clothes.
22 — Two ladies and two little girls, Newberry,
S. ('., ] pkg clothing.
24— W. B. England, Lebanon, Kv., 1 bbl flour.
25— Geo. Hon r, Cincinnati, O., 2 bbls flour, 1
bbl pork, 1 bx sundries.
2ry—T. J. Seixas, South Bend, Ind., 9 bbls
meal, 7 blils and 50 lbs flour.
Nov. 6— Soda Bottling Co., Indianapolis, Ind., 1
doz bitters.
23— Laurel Band Class, Geneva Lake, Wis., 1
fix clothing.
29— Citizens of Rogersville, 0 sficks flour, 7
half sacks flour, 2 sacks meal, 1 can
lard, 2 sacks potatoes, 1 sack sundries, 1
ham, 2 bbls potatoes.
29 — Teachers and students Lake Shore .Semi-
nary, North East, Pa., 1 bx clothing.
Clearing-house Committee, Louisville, Ky.
Sept. 3—320 ,bags flour, 1 bbl rice, 1 bbl sugar, 1
tierce hams, 25 blils potatoes, 1 case
sago, 1 case tapioca, 1 l ag cutTce, 1 b.x
tea, 1 case baked beans, 1 ( ask bacon, 3
cases corn beef, 5 bbls crackers.
9—300 lbs roasted cofl"ce, 4. COO paper bags, fi
doz brandy, 2 bbls white sugar, 10 bbls
corn meal! 10 bbls grits, 3 tierces bacon,
1 bx tea, 2 casks Scotch ale, 3 doz ex-
tract of beef, 10 bljls crackers, 2 tierces
hams, 5 bbls mess beef, 1.50 jugs seltzer
water.
12— 300 lbs roasted coffee. 50 lbs mustard, 1
bbl mustard meal, 146 cans corn beef, 5
bbls ham sausage, 9 doz extract lieef. 12
doz brandy, 2 cases Scotch ale, 12 bbls
crackers, 24 doz cans tomatoes, 10 bbls
mess beef.
13— 90 bbls potatoes, 480 bags flour.
18—4 doz boiieset tonic, GO coffins and dressed
lumber, 40 coffins and caskets, 25 oz
quinine. 50 clinical thermometers, 1
bbl bucliu leaves.
Oct. 5— Fresh fruit.
APPENDIX. 3G.J
SUMMARY.*
TOTAL DONATIONS RECEIVED BY STATES, AS PER
Arkansas
$ 6,690
5
00
6,281
43
29.0-17
:!0
3,9.i0
95
Connecticut
5,070
28
Dakota
. .. 6(«
50
Delaware
,, , 41
02
1,516
S3
Georgia
. ,. 11 a 1
31
Illinois
5J,.i07
61)
Indiana
l:!,7.S7
69
Inflian Territory
00
6,107
58
67
Kentucky
8,.S10
52
1,127
15
$ 817
00
Maryland
495
98
Massachusetts
3,964
28
Jlinnesota
2,651
77
65
16,891
37
Michigan
, 11, -'00
43
Montana
987
00
Miscellaneous
9,607
18
Nebraska
„ 4,. 509
41
Nevada
1,374
94
New Hampshire
1,607
50
3,983
67
134
30
56,804
16
North Carolina
7,190
76
Ohio
26,029
72
. DETAILED STATEMENT.
Oregon § 2,514 Oil
Pennsylvania 11,770 :;:l
Rhode Island 6,513 00
South Carolina 6,039 66
Texas 11,400 30
Tennessee 23,.'<47 97
I'tah Territory 2,774 70
Virginia 9,52! 55
Vermont 8J9 31
Washington, D. C 1.775 :;0
Wc.^t Virginia 2.990 ,55
Wisconsin 10,.592 77
Wyoming 875 75
Total S400,412 54
CASH KECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS.
LS78. I 1878.
April 1— To am't in Secretary's hands. $ 22 50 | Dec. 31— To interest on bonds $ 1,21100
Aug. 31— To proceeds sale of $i5,000U..S. 31— To donations, per exhibit "A'" 400,412,54
bonds 15,890 62 j
i Total $417,536 66
CREDITS.
1878.
D^;c. 31— By amount paid to nurses $185,666 .52
31 — By amount paid for supplies.. 74,432 91
31 — By amount paid for drugs and
medicines 39,233 95
31— By amount paid to physicians 39,225 80
31 — By donations to other points.. 19,457 05
31 — By amount paid, board, phy-
sicians, and nurses 18,13130
Memphis, Tenn., December SI, 1878.
1878.
Dec. .31— By expense account $ 14,636 88
31 — By trans[iortation and livery
account 10,265 12
31— By burial account 10,.520 .50
31 — By intirmary account 4.220 50
Total 5415,790 .53
Balance on hand $1,746 13
J. II. SMITH, Secretary.
John Johnson, Treasurer.
*The following statement is as near correct as is possible. The world at large contributed for the
people of all the stricken States of the South, during the prevalence of the epidemic of 187S, S4,.548,703 as
follows :
Alabama 868,920
Alaska 37.5
Arizona 4,7.50
Arkansas 37,441)
California 132,118
t;olora<io 21,186
Connecticut 40,275
Dakota 15,332
Delaware 28,936
Dist. of Columbia. 39,981
Florida 25,615
Georgia 113.684
Idaho 1,0.50
Illinois 192,845
Indiana 117,826
Indian Territory., s 916
Iowa 48,120
Kansas 22..5:!o
Kentucky 169.ii.52
Louisiana I.s9.6:i9
Maine 19.621
Maryland 86,(r22
Massachusetts 149,256
Michigan 40,671
Minnesota 28,235
Mississippi 119.675
Missouri 199.3.53
Montana 2.611
Nebraska 15,191
Nevada 9,681 ,
New Hampshire., f 6.920
New .lersey 36,9.'<S
New Mexico 1,175
New York 679,341)
North Carolina 33,727
Ohio 196,298
Oregon 11,041
Pennsylvania 248,ii9(l
Rhode Island 14,845
South Carolina 60.242
Tennessee 145,882
Te.vas , 139,.529
Uiah 5,522
Virudnia 89,145
Vermont Il,li3
West Virginia fl3,912
Wisconsin 46.163
Wyoming 2..S.59
Canada 11.126
Foreign countries. 164,811
U.S. (iovernment. KKI.OO
INIIscellaneous 5,(il5
It. R. transporta-
tion, free 285,1 0)
E.xpress Compa-
nies, free 255,i o:i
W. U. Telegraph
Co., free 44.)HO
Grand total. .i4,.548,703
3G4
APPENDIX.
AUDITING COMMITTEE'S REPORT.
To the President, Directors, and Members of the Howard Association of Memphis, Tcnn.:
Gentlemen, — Your auditing committee beg leave to present herewith their report
for the six months commencing July 1st and ending December 31st, 1878.
Your committee would state that the reason that no audited accounts were rendered
at our quarterly meeting, October 1st, was on account of the prevalence of the yellow
fever, and the utter impossibility to spare the time from the afHieted to investigate and
audit accounts.
Your committee examined very carefully the books of the Secretary and Treasurer.
We noted carefully the receipts, and compared the disbursements with the vouchers;
and when it is considered that there are more than eight thousand vouchers for nurses
alone, you, gentlemen, can form some idea of the magnitude of the work.
Your committee was surprised to find so few clerical errors in the accounts, when
it is remembered that the Secretary and Treasurer received over four hundred thousand
dollars in less than three months, from all parts of the United States and Europe, in
sums ranging from fifty cents to one thoUvSand dollars, and paid it out in the same
manner.
Your committee very carefully examined to see if the proper credits had been
given, and from what source received, and find, with but few exceptions, that they have
been credited to the States from whicli received. There were hundreds of dollars re-
ceived from individuals who were either too modest or who forgot to give their names,
all of which appear in the miscellaneous receipts. Of the disbursements, we find
vouchers to correspond with each amount disbursed. Your committee consider it
wonderful that accounts balanced so well, when it is remembered that the Treasurer
died at his post of duty October 1st, and the Secretary was struck down October 11th,
and others had to fill their places.
Your committee take great pleasure in testifying to the correct condition in which
they found the books of the Association, when we consider the amount of labor required,
the amount of money handled, and tlie amount of business generally transacted by the
ofiicers of the Association in such a short space of time.
The Auditing Committee think proper to state, to those not familiar with the mag-
nitude of the work done by the Association during the past year, that we have had in
our employ over two thousand nine hundred nurses, and have furnished supplies to
more than fifteen thousand persons.
Your committee would report the financial condition of the Association as follows,
to-wit :
1878.
July 1— Cash in hand of Secretarv $ 22 50
1— U. S. bonds ." 38,200 00
Aug. 31 — Premium and interest on $15,000 bonds sold 890 62
Dec. 31— Interest on bonds 1,211 00
Donations received 400,412 54
Total $440,736 66
Expenditures as per Secretary and Treasurer's account $415,790 53
Balance $24,946 13
Which consists of cash on hand $ 1,746 13
U. S. bonds 23,200 00
Total
APPENDIX.
365
Your committee find the account of J. H. Smith, Secretary, and John Johnson,
Treasurer, as follows :
SECRETARY AND TREASURER'S REPORT.
1878.
.July 1 — Balance in hand of Secretary $ 22 50
Aug. 31 — To proceeds of sale of $15,000 U. S. bonds 15 890 62
Dec. 31 — To interest on bonds 1 211 (K)
To donations as per Exhibit A 400 412 54
Total ^?417,536 W
CREDITS.
1878.
Dec. 31 — By amount paid to nurses $185,666 52
By amount paid for sujiplies 74,432 91
By amount paid for drugs and medicines 39,233 95
By amount paid to physicians 39,225 80
By amount paid donations to other points 19,457 05
By amount paid board physicians and nurses 18,131 30
By amount paid expense account 14,636 88
By amount paid transjiortation and livery 10,2(i5 12
By amount ]iaid burial account 10,520 50
By amount paid inlirmary account 4,220 50
Total $415,790 53
Balance in hand $1,746 13
Your committee would report that the difference between our report of the financial
condition and the vSecretary and Treasurer's report, arises from the fact that the $38,200
in U. S. bonds was in charge of bond committee, and safely deposited at the German
National Bank. Fifteen thousand dollars of bonds being sold, the proceeds thereof
went into his accounts, the remaining $23,200 being still in charge of tiie bond com-
mittee and deposited at the German National Bank.
All of which is respectfully submitted. F. F. B0WP:N, )
W. .J. SMITH, I Commiticc.
JNO. T. MOSS, J
REPORT OF DR. R. W. MITCHELL,
MEDICAL DIRECTOR OF THE HOWARD ASSOCIATION.
A. D. Langstaff, Premlent Hoivard Associntinn of Memphk:
Sir, — When notified of my election to the position of Medical Director of the
Howard Association, I immediately commenced the organization of a Howard Medical
Corps, by securing the cooperation of most of the local physicians, in a systenuitic effort
to supply medical attention to those sick with yellow fever.
I soon saw from the rapid progress of the disease that, unaided, we could not give
the requisite attention, and requested you to call on Southern cities to assist us by
sending here acclimated physicians. By acclimated I mean those who liave had yellow
fever. This call was jiromptly responded to by medical men from all parts of the
United States. On reporting to me after their arrival, I was surprised to find that a
majority of them had never been exposed to yellow feVer,
3GG
APPENDIX.
I immediately apprised them of the great danger they incurred, and advised the
unacclimated to leave the city. Lesa than ten took my advice and left. AVhen they
told me they were fully aware of the risk they incurred, and were determined to stay, 1
assigned them to duty where they were most needed.
My plan of directing their labors was to have a certain number of them to report
to the local physician in a ward, and to have this subdivided into small districts, each
physician being assigned to a sub-district. As the disease invaded new districts, I would
re-assign those on duty with the new-comers, and in this way endeavored to keep pace
witli the epidemic.
My advice to every unacclimated physician who reported to me, was to put himself
in the best possible condition for recovery if attacked; to accomplish all the work he
could between the hours of sunrise and nightfall; to get eight hours' uninterrupted rest,
and to commit no excesses of any kind. I knew that to be stricken down when ex-
hausted mentally and physically was to insure death.
For a time I experienced great difficulty in obtaining conveyances for the use of
volunteer physicians, and had to rely upon express wagons. There was one advantage
in this, for the drivers were familiar with the city, and could readily take the physicians
wherever they wished to go. The i)hysicians were supplied with rubber coats and um-
brellas to protect them from the weather.
Blank books were furnished to each physician employed by the Association, and he
was requested to keep his book in such shape as would enable me to utilize it when we
were relieved by additional assistance.
Many physicians resided in distant parts of the city, and I could not require them,
after a liard day's work, to come to my office to report, and I knew they had no means of
sending a report. But when the physicians fell, their records were lost sight of. My
estimates, therefore, are necessarily approximations to the truth, for it was utterly im-
possible for me to obtain complete reports. Those who were with me can readily
appreciate why, but the world can never realize our condition.
I endeavored in the beginning of our organization to obtain blank forms for reports,
but before they could be issued all the printing establishments closed.
So rapidly did the disease spread that for some weeks not more than one-half the
sick were seen by a physician at all, and I could not relax in my own personal atten-
tions to the sick. Had I, however, remained to listen to all the personal appeals for
help, I would not at night have moved a step from the spot I stood upon in the
morning.
Mr. W. S. Pickett, who acted as my Secretary, had his whole time occupied in
directing applicants where to leave messages for Howard physicians (calls were to be
left at the different drug-stores in each ward). For his efficient services and ceaseless
attention to all demands made upon him, I am greatly indebted.
Soon all the market-houses were deserted, and the question of nourishment for the
sick became a grave one. At my request, his Excellency Governor James D. Porter
sent me daily a supply of fresh beef. The continued hot weather soon made it necessary
to procure live stock instead, and then a great difficulty followed in finding a butcher.
To my call for one, Mr. George Whitsett responded, and 1 take this occasion to acknowl-
edge his invaluable services to the public until the close of the epidemic.
The meat was cut into two-pound pieces, and supplies sent to every Howard depot.
In this shape it furnished material to make broth for the sick, and also answered as
food for the nurses, and was supplied on every requisition made for the sick.
All the beef and mutton which could be bought within a distance of twenty miles
from the city was purchased.
Another serious difficulty encountered was the supply of medicines. All our whole-
sale drug-houses closed, and most of the retail houses were compelled to do the same
thing on accoimt of sickness, death, or absence of proprietors and employes. The few
th-.\t remained open ran short of supplies.
I was then compelled to obtain, for a time, drugs from St. Louis, Louisville, and
Nashville. Afterward, on representing the condition of affairs to Mr. W.N. Wilkerson,
of the firm of Wilkerson & Co., he turned over the keys of his large drug establishment
to me. Mr. C. L. Clay, of Fernandino, Florida, with four assistants, was placed in
charge, and from this time there was no scarcity of medicines. All requisitions for
drugs from physicians throughout the country, who were in the habit of procuring their
supplies from the city, were filled. To him and his assistants are we indebted beyond
measure.
As the fever extended along the line of railroads leading from Memphis, I was
called upon to s?nd physicians to other towns and villages to counsel and advise with
their physicians, who were unacquainted with the fever. These calls were all responded
to; and where a community was without medical aid, a physician was detailed to re-
main with it as long as his services were required.
APPENDIX.
367
After the Associated Press ajjent, at my request, had annonnced that the mortality
among unacclimated physicians was so great that I would not put them on duty, they
still continued to report to nie.
Under these circumstances, I urged them invariahly to leave the city. Even then
some -would go into the outskirts and work. "Whenever such information was brought
to me, I would send for and assign them to regular duty. I am happy to state that of
those who came here in this way, though all sickened, none died.
When an epidemic becomes general in a community, the demoralization is great.
Fear renders men helpless and irrational, and, in many instances, heartless.
In this epidemic, while examples of generosity, heroism, and unselfishness were
abundant, yet, on the other hand, there were many instances of ties of kindred and
friendship broken — friend deserted friend, parents deserted children, and husband de-
serted wife.
And again, when yon called upon the country for help, while many excellent and
worthy nurses came, others also came whose only purpose seemed to be plunder and the
gratification of alcoholic thirst, and whose presence here was scarcely less destructive
to human life than the plague itself.
In Southern seaboard cities, where yellow fever frequently prevails, a large propor-
tion of the peojjle are protected by previous attacks, and can well care for the sick ; but
with us the population was wholly unprotected, and consequently at the mercy of hun-
dreds of uninformed and incompetent nurses. Under such circumstances the mortality
must necessarily be great.
In New Orleans, because of the acclimation of so large a per ccntage of her popula-
tion, while there will be six or eight out of ten to nurse their own sick, with us nineteen
out of twenty were unprotected.
With all these obstacles and disadvantages, it is not to be wondered that our ratio
of attack and mortality was so great. When the epidemic began to aljate, I first
relieved those members of the Medical Corps who had access to their homes, retaining
those who could not return because of local quarantine; and when their services were no
longer required, they were invited to remain as guests of the Howard Association until
the removal of quarantine restrictions.
It is with pleasure I here acknowledge my grateful appreciation of the kind consid-
eration shown me at all times, personally and oilicially, I)}' the members of the Medical
Cori)s. To their unselfish and hearty cooperation in evji'ry measure adopted, and to their
intelligent and ready discharge of every duty imposed, are we indebted for whatever
good results may have attended the organization and conduct of this department of the
Howard Association. So noble, exalted, and single seemed to be their purpose for the
general good, that all personal disappointments and discomforts were ignored, and not
an incident of which I am aware was permitted to disturb the harmonious and cordial
relations existing between myself and them.
In this connecti(ui, also, I am sadly reminded of those who fell by our sides in the
darkest moments of our dreadful and deadly strife. They have passed beyond the reach
of temporal jiraise or gratitude. They have gone to their reward, higher, more priceless
and imperishable than man can bestow; and yet they have not gone beyond the reach of
our recollection and love. Their good deeds and names survive them ; their sublime lives
and glorious sacrifices still live in our hearts and memories, as to which
" Time will but the impression deeper make,
As streams their ehaiinels deeper wear."
ROLL OF THE HOWARD MEDICAL CORPS
ON DUTY IN OE ASSIGNED FROM MEMPHIS DUEING THE YELLOW
FEVER EPIDEMIC, 1878.
1. Abercrombie, .T. B., Memphis.
2. A rmstrong,W..J., Memphis, died Sept. 20.
3. Bankson, J. S., Stevenson, Ala., died
Sept. 16.
4. Bartholomew, O. D., Nashville, Tenn.,
died Oct. 8.
2-i
5. Baskerville, Chas., Horn Lake, Miss.
G. Besancnv, W. F., Jonestown, Miss.
7. Bobo, B." A., Thomasville, (in.
8. Bond, T. W., Brownsville, Tenn., died
Sept. 16.
9. Boyle, Samuel, Baltimore, Md.
368
APPENDIX.
10. Burchani, Eobt., Columbus, Ohio, died
Sept. 25.
11. Brown, S. H., Memphis.
12. Bryan, L. A., Houston, Texas'.
1.3. Bradford, G. D., Longpoint, Texas.
14. Cavanagli, W. C, Memphis, Tenn.
15. Cars well, W. A., Americiis, Ga.
16. Chevis, L. A., Savannah, Ga., died
Sept. 25.
17. Childs, L. B., Fislierville, Ky.
18. Ciileman, W. L., San Antonio, Texas.
19. Collins, S. II., Cincinnati, Ohio.
20. Dawson, G. R., Memphis, died Sept. 24.
21. Davis, J. G., Lincoln, Nebraska.
22. Dale, J. R., Arkadelphia, Ark.
23. De Graffenried, E. F., Columbus, Ga.
24. De Saussure, P. G., Charleston, S. C.
25. De Hulin, Gordon, New York.
26. Duncan, \Vm., Savannah, Ga.
27. Dowell, Greenville, Galveston, Texas.
28. Easton, Thos., New York.
29. Ess, H., Memphis.
30. Fogarty, N. .1., Columbus, Ga.
31. Force, H. F., Hot Springs, Ark., died
Oct. 13.
32. Forbes, J. G., Round Rock, Texas, died
Sept. 24.
33. Gilzer, T. L., Mobile.
34. Gordon, .lohn, Memphis.
35. Green, II. J., Shelby Co., Tenn.
36. Green, S. P., Memphis.
37. Grav, G. H., Dennison, Texas.
38. Gorrell, .J. G. O., Ft. Wavne, Ind., died
.Sept. 20.
-39. Flail, R. P., Mobile, Alabama.
40. Harlan, L. B., Hqt Springs, Ark., died
Sept. 16.
41. Hicks, J. B., Murfreesboro, Tenn., died
Sept. 17.
42. Hodges, W. R., Memphis, Tenn., died
Sept. 4.
43. Hunter, R. R., Kansas City, Mo.
44. Jones, Heber, Memphis.
45. Jones, P. S., Memphis.
46. Kenhue, Aug., Dayton, Ohio.
47. Keating, M. T., New York, died Sept. 17.
48. Kimbro, A. L., Memphis.
49. Laurenca, A. A., Memphis.
50. Legare, J. Cecil, New Orleans.
51. Lowry, H. T., Cincinnati, Ohio.
52. Lowry, W R., Memphis, died.
53. Luppo, .1., Los Angeles, Cal.
■54. Meade, W. C, Hopefield, Ark., died
Sept. 7.
55. Menees, T. W., Nashville, died Sept. 16.
.56. Marable, .J. T., Memphis.
57. Montgomery, B. R., Chattanooga, Tenn.,
died Oct." 9.
58. McCormick, S. H., Terre Haute, Ind.
69. McCully, W. A., Independence, Kansas.
I GO. McGregor, T. H., Tipton Co., Tenn.,
I died Sept. 15.
61. McKim, J. W., St. Louis, Mo., died
Sept. 9.
62. McFarland, J. T , Savannah, Ga.
C3. McMillan, E. W., Memphis.
64. Nugent, P. C, St. Louis, Mo., died
Sept. 14.
05. Nuttall, J. H., iMemphis.
C6. Orr, .J. G.. Cincinnati, Ohio.
67. Overall, (i. W., Murfreesboro, Tenn.
68. Palmer, .1. D., Fernanda, Florida.
69. Pearce, H. M., Cin., O., died Sept. 18.
70. Pittman, John, Memphis.
71. Pritchard, Maurice,Virginia City, Mo.
72. Purnell, H. W., Memphis.
73. Renner, J. G., Indianapolis, Ind., died
Sept. 14.
74. Roberts, C. S., Sulphur Springs, Kv.,
died Sept. 28.
75. Robins, W. II., Memphis.
76. Rogers, W. E., Memphis.
77. Sample, G. F., Austin, Miss., died
Sept. 6.
78. Sauve, li. C, Hot Springs, Ark.
79. Sheftall, Benj., Savannah, Ga.
80. Sim, F. L;, Memphis.
81. Simons, T. G.. Charleston, S. C.
82. Smith, T. M., Rockport, Ind.
83. Snyder, S. C, Memphis.
84. Somers, T. O., Nashville.
85. Spencer, A. K., Charleston, S. C.
86. St. Clair, T. C, Vaiden, Miss., died
Oct. 7.
87. Tate, R. PL, Cin., O., died Sept. 21.
88. Trvon, W. A., Houston, Texas.
89. Tuerke, P., Cin., O,, died Sept. 29.
90. Tucker, G. W., Dallas, Texas.
91. Webb, A., CoUiersville, Tenn.
92. Wendall, A. G., Minneapolis, Minn.
93. "VVestbrook, J. L., Newborn, Tenn.
94. White, E. A., Memphis.
95. White, E. P., Detroit, Mich.
96. Willett, E. Miles, Memphis.
97. Winn, W. B., Memphis.
98. Williams, R. B., Woodburn, Ky., died
Sept. 7.
99. Williams, T. E., Sherman, Texas.
100. Wilks, A. B., Lebanon, Tenn.
101. Woolfolk, R. F., Orange Co., Va.
102. Yates, J., Charleston, S. C.
103. Y'oung, S. O., Houston, Texas.
104. Younge, Easton, Savannah, Ga.
105. Easlev, E. T., Little Rock, Ark., died
Sept. 30.
106. Heady, F., Sherman, Texas.
107. Manning, T. D., Austin, Texas.
108. McGrevv, J. E., Terre Haule, Ind.
109. Logan, J. C, New Orleans.
110. White, J M., Atlanta, Ga.
111. Wise, Julius, Memphis.
APPENDIX.
369
ROLL OF VOLUNTEER HOWARD DRUGGISTS.
1. Clay, .J. L., Florida, Superintendent. ' 4. Hunter, S. W., Virginia.
2. Dieck, Albert, Cincinnati, O., died. | 5. Eollinan, Otto G., Cincinnati, O.
3. Hotclikiss, R. G., Savannah, Ga. |
SAMARITANS AND PHILANTHROPISTS
WHO CO-OPERATED WITH THE HOWARD MEDICAL CORPS.
1. Rev. W. T. Dalzell, M.D., D.D., Shreve- 1 2. Judge W. Milo Olin, Augusta, Cxa.
port, La. I
LIST OF UNACCLIMATED VOLUNTEER PHYSICIANS
IN MEMPHIS DURING YELLOW FEVER EPIDEMIC OF 1S78.
RESIDENCE.
Armstrong, W. J Memphis
Rankson, .J.S Stevenson, Ala
Bartholomew, O. D... Nashville
Bond.T.W ■< Brownsville
Bnrcham, Rol)t Columbus, ()
Chevis, L. A Savannah, Cia
Dawson, G. R Memphis
Easley, E. T i Little Rock
Forbes, J. G ^Round Rock, Tex.
Force, H. F IlotSprjng.s
Gorrell, J. G. O Ft. Wayne, Ind
Harlan, L. B Hot Springs
Hicks, J. B Murfreeshoro
Headv, F Sherman, Tex
Hodges, W. R , Memphis
Keating, M. T New York
Meade, W. C Ilopcfiehl, Arl.
Menees, T. iNashville
Manning, T. D [Austin, Tex....
Montgomery, B.R Chattanooga .
Lowry, W. R
McGregor, T. H...
McKim,.J.W
Nugent, P. C
Pearce, H. M [Cincinnati, O
Renner, .J. G 'St. Louis
Robins, W. H iMemphis
Sample, fi. F [Austin, jSIiss....
St. Clair, T.C Vaidcn,Miss....
Tate, R. H jCincinnati, O .
Tuerke, P [Cincinnati, <) .
Williams, R. B IWoodburn, Ky.
White, .J. M 'Atlanta, Ga..."..
Memphis
Tipton Co.,Tenn...
St. Louis
St. Louis
Sept. 5 Sept. 10
Sept. 2Sept. 5
Sept. 2|Sept. 10
Sept. 5 Sept. 14
Sept. 2 Sept. 10
Aug. 18 Aug. .30 12 davs
Sept. 27|Oct. 3 6 davs
Sept. S Sept. 16 13 davs
Sept. liSept. 26 25 davs
Aug.29[Sept. 1 2 days
Sept. 13 Sept. 2GI13 da'ys
5 davs
3 davs
8 days
9 days
8 days
Died Sept. 20
' Sept. 16
' Oct. 8
' Sept. 1(
' Sept. 25
' Sept. 25
' Sept. 24
' Sept. 30
' Sept. 24
' Oct. 13
' Sept. 20
' Sept. IG
' Sept.l
' Sept. 22
' Sept. 4
' Sept. 17
' Sei)t. 7
' Sept. 16
' Sept. 20
' Oct. '
Sept. 15
Sept. 9
Sept. 14
Sept. 18
Sept.. 14
Sept. 6
Oct. 7
Sept. 21
Sept. 29
Sept. 7
Sept. 30
fr.
rel pse.
fr.rel'psc.
9 fr.
rel pse.
370
APPEXDIX.
LIST OF UNACCLIMATED VOLUNTEER PHYSICIANS.— Continued.
Abercrombie, J. B...
Bl■o^yn, S. H
Besancny, W. F
Cavanagh, W. C....
Chi Ids, L. B
Collins, S. H
Dale, J. R
Green, H. .1
Green, S. P
Hunter, R. R
Kenhne, Aug
Lowrv, H. T
McCo'rmick, S. H....
IjUl)pO, .J
Orr, .T. G
Overall, G. W...
Pritchard, Maurice.
Westbrook, .J. L....
White, E. P
Woolfolk, R. F
Winn, W. B
EESIDENCE.
Memphis.
Memphis.
Memphis
Louisville '•
Cincinnati, O
Little Rock
Shelby Co
Memphis
Kansas City
Dayton, O
Cincinnati, O
Saline City, Ind
Los Angelos, Cal...
Cincinnati, O
Murfreesboro
Virginia City, Mo..
Newborn, Tenn
Detroit, Mich
Orange Co., Va
Memphis
Sept.
Aug.
Sept.
Sept.
11
Aug. 30
.S .
recovered.
Sept.
Sept.
31 1 Sept .
lojSept.
2!Sept.
2.5
171 6 days
nil davs
2813 davs
11 9 da
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Aug.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
2Sept.
3[Sept.
6; Sept.
31 Sept.
14 Sept.
' Sept.
2
Oct.
Sept.
Oct.
10 8 days
17 14 days
1-5: 9 days
7j 7 davs
19 5 davs
22il4 days
26jOct.
...Aug.
21 days]
7 days|
10 days!
14 days!
Total No. sick, 54.
Total No. died, 33, or Gl.Ufo
Total No. recovered, 20, or 37.049'o
Total No. escaped, 1, or 1.85^^
Total 100.00%
Shortest period incubation 1 day
Longest period incubation 25 days
Average period incubation 10 days
Only one physician (Dr. Keating, of New York) who reported to me as previously
having had the fever died during the epidemic. No other \yas sick.
Only one unacclimated physician (Dr. G. W. Overall, of Murfreesboro, Tenn.) went
through without contracting the fever.
My experience and observation has satisfied me of the absolute necessity of so or-
ganizing your Association as that it will be ready promptly to call into action and
efficient operation all of its agencies and powers, without having to rely upon the
exigencies of the moment when the plague is present doing its deadly work. Since it is
probable that many years must elapse before a thorough system of sanitation can be
adopted which will prevent the occurrence of yellow fever, I would recommend, as a
means of saving human life, the adoption of the following measures :
1. The calling of a convention of representatives from every Howard organization
in the country.
2. Organization of a permanent medical corps of physicians who have had yellow
fever.
3. Enrollment of a permanent corps of nurses possessing the proper mental and
moral qualifications.
4. Local Howard organizations will have their nurses enrolled with them.
5. Whenever a call for help is heard from any city in the country, each organiza-
tion will be required to supply a certain number of trained physicians and nurses, and
to increase this number if necessity demands it.
My report to you would be incomplete and my feelings unsatisfied if I did not, in
the conclusion of our official relations, give free and sincere expression to the good will
entertained by myself to the general membership of your organization, and especially
to my kind and warm afTection for you its president.
At all times my hands have been upheld and my plans and suggestions have found
a ready adoption. It is with exceeding gratification and pride that I am enabled to
APPKXDIX.
371
record tlie fidelity and promptness wliich characterized tlie conduct of yourself and all
others in the eonipliauee with my wishes and directions. Tiiis department of your
Association, as we all know, was created in tlie very midst of the epidemic, and in the
emergency of the occasion it was necessarily dilKeult to estal)lish and conduct it as a
perfect organization, and yet, with all of its embarrassments and ditticulties, I am happv
to say that 1 found you and your members ready, willing, and active in every ihiui; to
aid and support me. A fraternal feeling between us has ilius been engendered. Created
as it was, in the midst of alHiction and danger, I trust it may long survive even the
recollection of its sorrowful origin.
Kespeetfully, E. W. MITCHELL, M. D.
REPORT OF THE SUPERLNTENDENT OF NURSES.
A. D. LANGSTAFF, President Howard Associalion :
Dear Sir, — I herewith hand you a brief statement of the Nurse Department of the
Howard Association, to which I was assigned as Superintendent during the late epi-
demic. The whole number of nurses employed, as shown by the register, was 2,995. Of
these 529 were volunteers from points outside of the city of jMemi)his. I append a
.statement showing the residence and sex of all the nurses from abroad, who reported to
me as such, with a list of their names.
NUMBEE OF NUESES FEOM OTHEE STATES AND CITIES.
Augusta, (jicorgia
Austin, Texas
Aikailelphia, Arkansas
Brun-iwiek, Georgia
Bieiiliam, Texas
Biowiisboro, Alab ima
Balilwin County, Alabama
Bowling Gieeu, Kentucky..
Baltimore, Jlaryland
Charleston, South Carolina.
Cairo, Illinois
Cobb County, Geojgia
Cincinnati, Ohio
Columbus, Texas
Chicago, Illinois
ClevelanJ, Tennessee
Corpus Chiisti, Texas
Chlllloothe, Ohio
CoUierville, Tennessee
(Dlevelanrl, Ohio
(lovingtou, Kentucky
Charlotte, jSforth Carolina....
Dallas, Texas
Dannison, Te,xas
Dayton, Ohio
Detroit, Michigan
Fort Wortli, Te.xas
Fernandlna, Florida
Franklin, Tennessee
Galveston, Texas
Grand .Junction, Mississipp:
Hot JSpiing-i, Arkansas
Houston, Te.xas
Hamilton, (Jhlo
Helena, Aikansus
Horn Lake, .Mississippi
Hartford, ( Onnecticut
Hoi )k i nsv i 1 1 ( ■ , K e n t ucky
Indianuiiolis, Indiana
.lackson, .Mississi))pi
Jackson, Tennessee
Jackson, Michigan
Jacksonville, Florida
G
2
2
I
1
7
1
1
1
1
15
24
1
1
0
I
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
2
I
I
8
5
1
1
1
(i
1
0
1
1
2
1
1
iVi
2
1-1
U
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
Knoxville, Tennessee
Kentucky
Louisville, Kentucky
Little Hock, Arkaii.sas
Mobile, Alabama
Marshall, Texas
Macon, Georgia
Macomb City, Mississippi
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
New Orleans, Louisiana
Nashville, Tennessee
New York City, New York
Newark, Ohio
Norfolk, Virginia
Natchez, Mi.-si.sslppi
Newport, Arkansas .\
New Haven, Kentuck.y
New Brunswick, New Jersey
Ohio
Omaha, Nebraska
Portsmouth, Virginia
Poi t Royal, South Carolina
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Paduc ih, Kentucky
Pine BlufT, Arkau.sas
Paris, Te.xas
Richmond, Virginia
Round Rock, Texas
Roswiiiid, Indiana
Wava.niiah, (ieorgia
St. Liiuis, Missouri
Shreveport, Louisiana
Slieiinan, Te.xas
San Franciseo, California
San Antonio, Texas
Terre Haute, Imliana
Tuskegee, .\lal)a]iia
Vickslmrg, .Mississippi
Victoria, Te.xas
Washington, District of Columbia
Wilmington, North Carolina
Total
1
3
1
13
32
ij
13
30
5
2
1
1
23
20
ly
0
.5
1
l(j
2
1
1
1
1
1
"i
3
4
1
1
1
1
1
b
1
1
15
14
1(>
9
31
5
1
1
2
1
"i
3
1
y
7
3()2
1K7
372
APPENDIX.
NAMES OF NURSES FROM OTHER STATES AND CITIES.
Augusta, Ga.
Blair, Peter.
Bunch, John M.
Hitchcock, Ed.
.Jones, William.
Jones,! James.
Austin, Tex.
Davis, Mrs. Kate.
Ford, Mrs. Emily.
Ford, J.
Jones, Emanuel.
Aekadelpiiia, Aek.
Thomasson, C. R.
Brunswick, Ga.
Wallace, J. W.
Beenham, Tex.
■Carpenter, Charles.
Estes, B. F.
Gaylord, G. G.
Jodon, F. D.
J ackson, W. J.
Mclntyre, Frank.
Mclntyre, Willie.
Brownsboeo, Ala.
Williams, Andy. •
Baldwin Co., Ala.
Booth, Thomas J.
Bowling Gkeen, Ky.
Govin, Eugenie.
Baltimoee, Md.
Phoebus, J. W.
Charleston, S. C.
Bull, Miss J. D.
Boniface, Mrs. C.
Burrows, Mary.
Daly, Mrs. Mary.
Doran, Mrs. Mary.
Dawson, Miss Mary.
Haves, Mrs. Mary.
My'att, Mrs. M. J.
McArn, Mrs. Mary.
Kyan, Mrs. Mary.
Sayres, Mrs. Ann.
Silvery, Mrs. Sarah.
Thrower, Miss Sarah.
Forrestine, Mrs. Sarah.
Brown, Matilda.
Walsh, Kate.
Lewis, Nancy.
Johnson, Henrietta.
Harman, Mrs. M.
Forrestine, Mrs. Sarah A.
Johnson, Mrs. Margaret.
Murdock, Miss Daisy.
Campbell, Mrs. J. C."
O'Donnell, Mrs. B.
Boyce, J. C.
Boniface, Lewis.
Ancrum, John.
Donaue, J. B.
Daly, Ely.
Green, Henry.
Habbinett, A.
Halsey, M. P.
Myatt, Lewis.
Montgomery, E.
Tobias, Arthur W.
Mathews, J. C.
Hare, T. S.
Eberhardt, C. H.
Johnson, Benj.
Caieo, III.
Hare, Filo S.
Cobb Co., Ga.
Proudfoot, J. R.
Cincinnati, O.
Mendelson, Phoebe.
LTphoof, .John.
Deike, Albert.
Seager, William.
Waiter, Fred.
Graham, Wm. H.
Orr, J. G.
Ahern, Michael.
Woodington, E. J.
Columbus, Tex.
Kautzer, F.
Chicago, III.
Ainslie, Mrs.
LeVin, L. J.
Van Hame, W. C.
Heidelberg, Louis.
Shelden, N. E.
Biggs, Geo. L.
Cleveland, Tenn.
Beard, John H.
Corpus Cheisti, Tex.
Clark, W. S.
Chillicothe, Ohio.
Howard, James.
COLLIERVILLE, TeNN.
Hill, W. H.
Cleveland, Ohio.
McCavesy, F.
Wright, A. D.
Covington, Ky.
Pillman, W. A.
Charlotte, N. C.
Waring, E. P., Jr.
Dallas, Tex.
Yarborough, Harriet.
Booth, Mrs. S. J.
Henrv, Mrs. S. F.
Albertson, Mrs. L.
Eidley, Mrs. M. J.
Hock, William.
McGoupf, Beverley.
Marcusy, E.
Solomon, Nicholas.
Page, E.
Marchant, C.
Fox, John.
Sweeney, W. J.
Dennison, Tex.
Flynn, John E.
Dayton, Ohio.
Huesman, F. E.
Detroit, Mich.
Sheridan, W. H.
Fort Worth, Tex.
Mann, Mrs. J. B.
Booth, J. W.
Ibeck, Julius.
Verschovle, Charles H.
McClellan, W. H.
Wiskerman, W. C.
Fernandina, Fla.
Dupree, Bristow.
Williams, Henry G.
Stafford, Perry. '
Mann, Charles G.
Eobinson, Bart.
Ballard, George.
Clay, John L.
Stiles, Julian.
Day, John L.
Franklin, Tenn.
Foys, Mrs.
Foys, Mr.
Galveston, Tex.
O'Bryan, Mrs. O.
Parker, G. G.
Brecdlove, J. W.
APPENDIX.
Grand Junction, Miss.
Davis, Mrs. C. E.
Hot iSpeings, Ark.
Donnelly, Mrs. Hattie.
Harcourt, Mrs. M. A.
Jones, y. M.
Lee, Charles E.
Collins, Tora.
lieinhardt, John.
Uurch, iStej.hen.
iSciiUv, Patrick.
Eunifi; B. F.
Mannings, Kichard.
Cook, Major F.
Mnkes, Mark.
Rollins, Dan.
Madison, 11. M.
Johnson, J. H.
Gaines, Charles.
Hudson, James.
Eicliardson, G. L.
Houston, Tex.
Wright, Mrs. Mary.
Heckle, Mrs. E. K.
Burt, Mrs. Alary L.
Warren, Mrs. Maria.
McCloskev, Mrs. M. D.
Bliss, Mrs. M. E.
Smith, Mrs. C. A.
DePelehin, Mrs. K.
McDonald, Mrs. M.
Wright, W. H.
Salm, J.
Owen, Thomas.
Bohm, R. II.
Brenner, John.
Booknievcr, H.
Bertallot, A.
Bradford, A.
Eherle, George.
Jeiiore, Augustus.
Laertz, Herman.
Miller, Jolm E.
Schwartz, C. T.
White, John.
ITaimilton, Ohio.
Riley, James.
IIei.ena, Ark.
Cleavcland, Mrs. L. J.
Cleaveland, W. C.
Horn Lake, Miss.
Lane, A. C.
Hartford, Conn.
Brooks, II. W.
HorivINSVILLE, Ky.
Hamill, W. E.
Indianapo'ms, Ind.
Evans, Charles.
Jackson, Miss.
Burnes, John.
Wood, L. 11.
Sheffield, T. J.
Donnell, George S.
Jackson, Tenn.
White, Z. T.
Jacks(.)N, Mich.
Bernard, B. W.
Jacksona'ille, Fea.
McClure, Miss M. L.
Knoxyille, Tenn.
Stone, Melinda.
Payne, Mary.
Levore, Mrs. Rosetta.
Gilbert, Tom.
Kentucky.
Putnam, S. G.
Louisville, Ky.
Oarelton, Mrs.
Ames, Mrs. M.
Adams, Franklin R.
Roberts, C. S.
Smith, B. P.
Winters, J.
Schmidt, John.
Humphreys, Warren.
Lindo, W! H.
Byrd, .J. Edgar.
Hood, E.
Kelley, James P.
Patterson, J. A.
Smeck, Jackson.
Tray nor, Thomas.
Little Rock, Ark.
.Jones, Mrs. Emma L.
Baer, Mrs. A. A.
Smith, Mrs. Amelia,
.lone^, Mrs. Rossi.
Mnnn, Mrs.
McCleary, Mrs. M. J.
Baer, A. A.
Taylor, C. L.
Fabin, John W.
Bungener, Ferd.
Schmidt, Louis.
Reed, A. F.
Boiisli, William.
Hunt, .John.
White, A. L.
Rhodes, A. T.
(ioing, Sam. B.
Benner, F.
Breding, Charles.
Carr, T. J.
Dickinson, J. W.
Egan, .Joe.
Forbish, E. E.
West, John M.
Hoit, Gustav.
Vogel, Abe.
Kruner, Martin.
Vogel, Moses.
Mead, John W.
Taylor, E. D.
Manning, T. jM.
Trigg, J. M.
Moseby, Henry.
Thompson, Ciiarles.
Richardson. .John.
Schmelig, II.
Robinson, John.
Bort, Phil.
Mobile, Ala.
Bass, Mrs. Sophie.
McWhorter, Mis.
Cassimere, Miss .Jennie.
McGonnegal, Mrs. E.
McDonald, Mrs.
Ward, Mrs. C. M.
James, Mrs. Amelia.
Ballondi, Mrs.
Hicks, Mrs. N. M.
Stone, iMrs. Agnes.
Hamilton, Miss E. M.
Bell, J\lrs. Annie.
Ford, JMrs. Mary.
Brady, Mrs. Ellen.
Roesler, Mrs. Theresa.
Myer, Mrs. F.
Horton, Mrs. S.
Boyle, Mrs. R.
Failon, Mrs. M.
MeLain, Mrs. C.
Brown, JMrs. E.
Campbell, i\Irs. R.
Makin, Mrs. C.
Stringer, Mrs. Mary.
Grarvin, Mrs, Mary.
Moore, Mrs. Mary.
Weed, Mrs. H. M.
Connor, Mrs.
Miles, Mrs.
Pallo, Mrs. Mary.
Hicks, N. M.
Bowman, R. H.
Wvman, L. W.
Biirke, II. M.
Crawford, R.
Conroy, Thomas.
Gibbons, William.
Heppler, G. A.
Myers, F.
Reeves, R.
Watson, G. S.
Walthall, Major AV. T.
Walthall, W. T., Jr.
Marshall, Tex.
Pendleton, Ed.
Baker, Ezra.
Bevins, Lee.
Curry, Harry.
Pounder, Frank.
374
APPENDIX.
Macox, Ga.
Foster, C. AV.
Jones, H. V.
Macomb City, Miss.
Drury, Mrs. M.
Milwaukee, Wis.
Sely, Mrs. Charles.
New Orleans, La.
Edwards, Mrs.
Murphy, Mrs. R.
Cearney, Mrs. Alice.
Clark, Mrs. Kate.
Simpson, Mrs. E. A.
West, Mrs. Sarah.
Roosevelt, Mrs. M. E.
Beakley, Mrs.
Hamilton, Mrs.
Harrison, Mrs. Alabama.
Polonio, Mrs. L.
Dolhonde, Mrs. C.
Dolhonde,Mrs. Annette.
Kelley, Mrs.
Portonic, Eroga.
Hill, Mrs. Mary S.
King, Mrs. Mary,
Mead, Mrs. Lorena.
Lovell, Mrs. Nellie.
Shepperd, Mrs.
Wild, Jacob.
Picot, J. T.
Dwyer, James.
Getty, J. H.
Luddv, John.
Wilson, E.
Negle, John.
Hunter, J. C.
Scully, Pat.
Brady, John.
Cuff, M. J.
Romhelt, George.
Welsh, F.
Altmeyer, J. L.
Tumbletv, Dennis F.
Schultz, William.
Sullivan, Pat.
Williams, John.
Lashley, L. C.
MaudeVille, G. A.
West, Charles.
Heider, Fred.
Fields, C. H.
Stearns, John E.
Grosjean, Henry.
Nashville, Tenn.
Cole, Miss Emma.
Davis, Mrs. C
Hughes, Clara.
Knight, Priscilla.
Mulvin, Mrs.
Disniukes, Mrs. E.
Miller, John.
Ralston, Thomas.
Hearn, Michael A.
Meyers, Fred.
Perrv, John H.
Williams, R. H.
Leonard, Martin.
.Jones, B. P.
Butler, John.
Jarvis, W. J.
New York City.
Haldrum, Miss Annie.
Becking, Mrs. Mary.
Malmont, August.
Blakesly, Robert.
Hildermandt, B.
Ludlow, T. W.
Urban, T.
Newark, O.
Probert, Geo. C.
Natchez, Miss.
Ashby, Robert,
Norfolk, Va.
Graves, Mrs. L.
Garris, Mrs.
Mordecai, P. M,
Parker, .James.
Dickson, W. H.
Allendorf, Geo.
Herbert, J. L.
Elliot, Thos.
Tomkins, J. .J.
Dashields, F. S.
Berry, N. W.
Hunter, G. W.
Merton, C.
Webb, Geo.
Cuthrell, Wm.
Harrison, H. C.
Roche, James.
Hustmell, W.
Newport, Ark.
Ballauf, Edward.
Reudel, Fred.
New Haven, Ky.
Blineoe, J. H.
New Brunswick, N. J.
Mitchell, George H.
Ohio.
Gimo, Lorenz.
Omaha, Neb.
Clark, Mrs. J. W.
Portsmouth, Va.
Kiesele, Charles,
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Aler, P.
Port Royal, S. C.
Southmate, Mrs. Sarah.
Stickley, John.
Alston, Maria.
Jackson, Sarah.
Harrison, G. S.
Akins, Adelia.
Gaillard, J.
Paducah, Ky.
Dixon, Lu.
Pine Bluff, Ark.
Ward, H. S.
Ward, Mrs. H. .S.
Paris, Tex.
Grimes, M.
Fields, Robert.
Richmond, Va.
Russell, T. L.
Round Rock, Tex.
Saloi, Mrs. P.
Saloi, Capt. P.
Gilbert, G. T. A. .
Clifton, H.
Hart, Stephen.
Williams, John.
Ros^'OOD, lm>.
Woods, John.
S.A.VANNAH, Ga.
Morehouse, Miss Anna.
Keenan, Mrs. Sarah.
I Rankin, Mrs. L.
Miller, Jane.
Habersham, Matilda.
Jones, Sarah.
Gillison, Silva.
Fields, Lizzie.
McDonald, Celia.
Brown, Ella.
Erownfield, Rachel.
Barron, .James A.
Tant. James C.
Fareman, William.
Baufferet, William.
Adams, James.
Burke, Sam.
Smith, Charles.
Haines, Smart.
Gaudrev, Vincent E.
Rankin, C. C.
Lynch, Mary.
Thompson, Celia.
Burton, Mrs.
Redman, M. J.
Hancock, G. W.
Cohen, D. L.
Ruhl, E. J.
Gomaz, Louis.
APPENDIX.
375
St. Louis, Mo.
Hughes, Mrs. .Jane.
Sister Mary Alphonsa.
Sister Cornelia.
Sister Engelberta.
Sister Melania.
Baldenwick, Mrs.
Craffey, Mrs.
Cnrran, Mrs. J.
Havs, Miss Belle.
Drake, L. H.
Eedwood, K. G.
8trach, Joe.
Wong, Chin Foo.
Baer, A.
Curran, J.
Alston, Henry.
Hogey, Jesse.
Brown, Jesse.
Emanuel, .J. M.
Heggia, Jesse.
Jamison, E. S.
Rollmau, Otto G.
Throols, T.
Vandry, J.
Wilkins, F. G.
Shrevepoet, La.
Curtis, Mrs. 0. L.
Pierce, Mrs. K.
Blackstone, Mrs. A.
Benton, Carrie.
Allen, Rose.
Murray, .John.
Hargrove, H. IL
Blackman, A. ().
Bryson, Thomas.
Hotchkiss, Tliomas E.
Smith, C. J.
Downs, Wiley.
Abbert, Augustus.
Newman, M.
Maguire, J. E.
Lyttle, N. B.
Gibilant, Philip.
Logan, Jolin.
Logan, .J. W.
Williams, J. R.
Stewart, S. A.
Muller, John.
Brown, William.
Nivoche, M. E.
Williams, Frank.
Feeney, M. A.
Cowart, W. W.
Dittmer, PL
Hotchkiss, R. E.
Dewing, W. T.
Heaton, .J. Iv.
Ivunter, .T. Iv. C.
Pierce, K.
Schmidt, C. J.
Smith, (i. (r.
Stewart, S. A.
Sherman, Tex.
,Rost, Mrs. Louisa.
Allingham, John S.
Bass, Thomas C.
San Francisco, Gal.
Lathrop, M.
San Antonio, Tex.
Ivendall, G. A.
Slieldon, W\ J.
Terre Haute, Tnd.
Flannagan, Miss E. M.
TrsKEGEE, Ala.
Douglass, N. E.
ViCKSBURG, Miss.
JIays, J. B.
Bowman, Robert.
O'Flalierty, Dennis.
Victoria, Tex,
Sharkey, W. L.
Washington, D. C.
Cromwell, Mrs. N.
Elder, Mrs.
Davidson, Mrs.
Silvey, Mrs. Louisa.
Beasley, Mrs.
Dorsey, Mrs.
WalLace, Miss.
Rebstock, L.
Lowe, O.
Thompson, W. B.
(Jxe, Charles,
Woodwen, D.
Babette, Charles.
Barbour, George W.
Uzell, J. D.
Davison, Mr.
Wilmington, N. C.
Bowman, J. C.
Poppe, Geo. A. A.
McCalhim, James A.
I also append a statement showing the number of cases, or heads of families, regis-
tered daily, amounting to 6,041 ; but, as in most cases, one registration represented a
whole family, I estimate the whole number of persons sick and nursed by the nurses of
the Howard Association at fully L5,000.
NUMBER OF HEADS OF FAMILIES REGISTERED DAILY.
1878.
Auj. i;-5..
14,.
1.5..
IG..
17 .
18..
19..
20..
21..
22..
23..
24..
26..
27..
28..
29..
.SO..
31..
Sept. 1..
1S78.
Sept. 3
,4
4
28
82
6
29
7
32
8,
23
IG
10
11.
42
fr!
12
69
13
14
79
15
70
16
1.34
17
86
18
82
19
130
20
l.-'iB
21
102
13G
')■)
23.
128
Sera.
24
113
148
2G
l.VJ
198
28
r'7
■^9
109
30
99
Oct.
1
10.">
177
iri7
4
126
,5
119
6
162
108
8
119
106
10
6.1
11
96
101
13.
116
..121
.. 95
.. 79
,. 78
..10.;
.. 82
..103
,. 97
1878.
Oct. 14.
15..
16..
17..
18..
19.
20..
21.
29.
30.,
31.,
41
42
52
33
41
21
r,H
34
24
20
12
14
12
7
S
12
n
Total 6,041
RECAPITULATION.
August 1,123
Seplember 3,.536
October 1,382
Total 6,041
376
APPENDIX,
The majority of the nurses and workers in my department, both those from abroad
and those resident in our city, served with remarkable zeal and efficiency, displaying,
under the most trying and discouraging circumstances, a heroism and fidelity to the
cause of humanity unsurpassed in the history of epidemics. Many individuals, with utter
disregard of personal safety, hastened to our succor from northern, eastern, and western
cities. A large number of these, as well as nurses from all parts of the South, fell
A'ictims to the scourge. There were times, during the prevalence of the epidemic, when
contact with the disease seemed to foreshadow almost certain death ; but instances were
most rare where any nurse in my dei^artment failed to respond promptly to the call of
duty. Where so many fulfilled their mission so nobly and faithfully, it would bo in-
vidious, if not next to impossible, for me to designate particular individuals. I feel
called upon, however, to particularly mention the following persons, with whom I came
in frequent personal contact, and whose services, and the positions they filled with so
much faithfulness and ability in my department, require si^ecial notice from me.
To Major W. T. Walthall, in charge of the forty-three well-trained nurses sent to
our relief by the " Can't-Get-Away-Club" of Mobile, Ala., and especially to his son, a
boy but sixteen years of age, for their valuable assistance in managing this corps of
nurses, and other timely aid and advice, I would return my sincere thanks.
To Captain John Murray, of Shreveport, La., placed by me in charge of the nurses
from Shreveport, Northern Louisiana, and Texas, numbering between fifty and sixty,
for the faithful and efficient manner in Avhicli, during the whole time, lie assisted me at
all hours caring for our sick and suffering j)eople (to many of whom his name will long
remain a household word), and in looking after the large number of nurses under his
charge, seeing tliat they were employed and doing good service, and at the same time ever
alert for their personal comfort, is due our warmest gratitude and highest meed of praise.
Captain James A. Barron, and his assistant, James Taut, in charge of the splendid
corps of nurses from Savannah, Ga. — and, indeed, their entire force of nurses — are en-
titled to the warmest encomiums for their uniform good nursing and general good
conduct.
Mr. J. Edgar Byrd, of Louisville, Ky., detailed in charge of nurses at Collierville,
Tenn.; Mr. R. A. Peebles, of Tennessee, detailed in charge of nurses at Brownsville,
Tenn.; Mr. H. C. Harrison, -of Norfolk, Va., placed in charge of the Norfolk nurses, are,
I think, worthy of most honorable mention for their able services rendered at their
respective jjosts.
Oi the gentlemen in the different departments of my office. Major F. F. Bowen, the
oldest member of the Howard Association, merits special recognition for his efficient
and unremitting services, in charge of one of the most important desks, during the entire
period of the epidemic.
I also desire to mention, and to return my kindest personal thanks, to Mr. H. I.
Simmons, my principal clerk; to Captain Josepli Spears and Sim L. Barinds, of Mem-
phis; to H. H. Hargrove, of Shreveport, La.; to R. P. Waring, of Charlotte, N. C; and
L. .J. LeVin, of Chicago, 111., for their most valuable assistance, rendered in the most
difficult of positions, under the most trying circumstances, keeping up the records of sick
cases, and aiding in assigning and placing nurses on duty at all hours of the day and
night, thereby constantly exposing themselves to the most malignant eases of the dread-
ful disease; and to Mr. Louis Daltroof, in charge of the burial of physicians and
nurses, for the pron pt and satisfactory manner in which he executed this most dangerous
and disagreeable labor.
It is also my duty to recognize the valuable services of W. B. Shepherd, who aided
in opening and organizing the supply-store, but who soon fell a martyr to his devotion to
the dangerous duty, dying after an illness of but three days, on September 17th. Also
to return thanks to his successor, Mr. Alex. Gunn, of , Canada; Mr, Frank
Frierson, F. G. Watkins, and Edward Shaw, for their arduous and unremitting labors
in disbursing and taking care of the immense quantities of supplies furnished at the
Main and Court Street store, under my charge; and to Mrs. Sarah PL Thompson, matron
in charge of the nurses' sleeping-rooms over the Main and Court Street offices, for her
uniform courtesy and good management, under the immediate supervision of Second
Vice-President J, H. Edmondson, to whom I am specially indebted for much valuable
assistance in my department.
To the members of the Howard Association, one and all, for their courtesy and
kindness to me personally, in aiding me to discharge this, the most trying and difficult
labor of my life, I beg to return my sincere thanks.
JOHN JOHNSON, Superintendent Nurse Departmevi.
APPENDIX.
377
W. J. SMITH'S REPORT OF OPERATIONS AT GRENADA.
A. D. Langstaff, Esq., President of the Hmrnrd Association of MempJiis, Tennessee.
Sir: — I respectfully submit for your information tlic following report of my ex-
perience and observations of the late pestilence at Grenada, Miss.
On Sunday, August 11, 1878, I attended Grace Church to hear the Eev. Dr. Parsons.
Soon after reaching my home from church, a dispatch was larought me by the hand of
the late beloved and lamented John G. Lonsdale, Jr., Esq. It was addressed "President
Howard Association." Our worthy President, (ieneral <_r. W. Gordon, was then absent
from the city recuperating his shattered healtli, and I being the senior officer of the
Association in the city, opened the dispatch. It was from the mayor of Grenada. It
announced the presence of the yellow fever in that city, and called for nurses and other
assistance. I immediately had a consultation with Colonel Butler P. Anderson, and
Hon. J. H. Smith, tlie Secretary of our Association. We hurried up town and informed
all the Howards we could find of the dispatch. All were unanimous that we should fur-
nish immediate assistance. It was now four o'clock P. M. Having obtained carriages,
we searched the city to find as many as possible of our old nurses of the pestilence of
1873. Meantime some of us had met tiiat kind-hearted and obliging superintendent of
the Mississippi and Tennessee Railroad, Major M. Burke, who, with characteristic
promptness, on being informed of the situation at Grenada and our purpose, promised
that a special train should be ready for us to start at half-past seven o'clock P. M. By
seven P. M. we had gathered at the depot seven of our old nurses who had consented to
go. I deemed it my duty as an officer, and as a representative of the Howards, to go to
the assistance of the stricken peojale, and had agreed to accompay the nurses and share
their fate. Of our Association there were at tlie depot, soon after seven P. N., the fol-
lowing: Col. J. H. Edmondson, J. H. Smith, Secretary; Col. Butler P. Anderson, A. M.
Stoddard, E. D. Foster, and myself. Just as the train was about to start, Col. Ander-
son volunteered to go with me. I told him I had not expected him to go, but that I
would be rejoiced to have his company.
We reached Grenada a little before twelve that niglit. We soon learned from citi-
zens we met at the hotel and on the public square that there was a fearful panic, and
the people were rushing out of the fated place by every possible conveyance.
A malignant fever had broken out in Grenada the previous week. The yellow fever
having never visited the place, it was not recognized as such until on the Sunday we left
Memphis. Dr. R. F. Brown, the secretary of the Memphis Board of Health, in response
to a telegram, had reached Grenada Saturday at midnight, and his investigations the
following morning satisfied him that it was none else than the yellow fever, and that of
the most virulent t3'pe.
The first death had occurred on August 9th. None attacked had recovered — it was
sweeping all before it. The terror it had very naturally awakened can not be described
nor adequately conceived. All that could hurried away. Nearly one-tenth of the whites
who remained were already prostrated with the fever. The sick were unvisited and un-
cared for, except by the physicians and, occasionally, by tlieir nearest kindred. The des-
titution of every thing needed for tlie sick was fearful. The dead were left unburied. As
Dr. Brown reported, on his return to Memphis, "the situation was appalling;" and, as
Col. Anderson telegraphed, "it was worse than in Memphis in 1873."
On the night of our arrival, we placed three of our nurses on duty. The following
morning we visited the sick, placed the remainder of our nurses on duty, and telegraphed
to New Orleans and to Memphis for more, and for supplies. We urged all who could
to fiee, and endeavored to arouse the citizens wlio remained to exert tliemselves for their
own protection. We secured the organization of burial parties, who were not very effi-
cient, but who buried a portion of the dead. We hired as many of the frightened colored
people as we could to wait on the sick.
When the citizens learned that some of the Memphis Howards, who had safely passed
through the fevers of 1867 and 1873, were among them, and expected to remain with
them, they regained some confidence. The fever, however, spread with great rapidity.
None recovered. The liome physicians did all in their ])ower, and acted their part
bravely and nobly, but the fatality of tl\e disease destroyed the confidence of the people
in them. We were sent for to examine every new case. It was useless for us to disclaim
being physicians, we had to go. Such was the pressure upon us that neither Colonel
Anderson nor myself ever worked less than eighteen hours out of every twenty-four.
In response to our telegrams, nurses arrived on August 13th from both Memphis
378
APPENDIX.
and Xew Orleans, and doctors, also, from the latter place. Needed supplies reached us
almost daily from Memphis. On August 14th we issued the following circular:
CIECULAK.
The nurses of the Howard Association of Memphis will receive three dollars per
day for their services. They are required to give constant attention to the sick under
their charge, and obey promptly all orders and directions of the physician in charge.
Any dereliction of duty will cause tlie instant discharge of the guilty party.
Persons who have nurses in their houses are urgently requested to report any dere-
liction of duty to the undersigned, at the Chamberlain House.
It is our request that the nurses will be supplied with food, and that some one will
report to us a correct account of the time each nurse is employed. Nurses are directed
to report all deaths to us 2:)romptly. This rule must be rigidly observed.
The nurses from New Orleans are also under our charge, and will obey the above
rules.
B.' r' Anderson, } ^""''^''^ Assockition.
"We now had with us Dr. J. H. Beatty, of the Can't-Get-Away Club of Mobile, and
Doctors W. R. Mandeville and H. A. Veazie, sent by the New Orleans Howard Associa-
tion. They rendered noble service, but still the people died under their care as under
that of the home physicians. All worked devotedly to save life, but such was the viru-
lence of the disease all medical aid seemed in vain.
From our arrival we had endeavored to secure organization among the citizens for
the relief and care of tlie sick and burial of the dead. Col. Anderson and I urged the
formation of a relief committee, and the establishment of a hospital. But as the fever
spread witli such fearful rapidity, and as there were none recovering, a very natural
demoralization prevailed. This was heightened by the cutting off" of the place from
eommunication by rail with the outside world. The trains on the Mississippi Central
Eailroad ceased to stop on August 14th. Ever after they rushed by, blowing the whistle
and giving a scream like the despairing cry of the lost.
Many were paralyzed by the horrible situation and general distress. The result
was that we had very little cooperation. Every thing was left to us to attend to. Our
suggestions fell unheeded. Col. Anderson and I felt discouraged, and after a full con-
sultation, I decided to return to Memphis, and report to you that we thought we could
accomplish little at Grenada, compared witli what ought to be done, for want of
that activity on the part of her citizens which we had a right to expect. This was on
the morning of August 15th. Our determination was made known. At ten o'clock
A. M. the town-bell was rung lustily. A meeting of the citizens was held in the court-
house. A citizens' relief committee, consisting of Col. John Powell, Robert Mullin,
Esq., and Gen. Thomas Watson, was appointed. This committee was autliorized to ap-
peal for help, and directed to cooperate with us in the establishment of a hospital for
both wliite and colored. As I was busy visiting the sick. Col. Anderson addressed the
citizens' day meeting. At eight o'clock that night I attended tlieir evening meeting, and
was handed the following paper by Judge Thomas Watson, of their relief committee:
Grenada, Miss., August 15, 1878.
Gen. Smith and Col. Andersm:
Dear Sirs: — Having heard that there is a probability of your being called to Mem-
phis, we feel that it is our duty to the afflicted people of this town to entreat you to re-
main with us as long as you see things in the deplorable condition they are now. You
have seen how inefficient have been the responses of communities away froui here for
the relief of those who are sick in our midst. You see that we are largely dependent on
the generous benevolence of the Howard Association of ^Memphis to prevent men and
women from dying here witliout having a single hand to administer even a glass of water
to them in their misery. Memphis has thus far already overwhelmed us with the use of
her generous charity, and we beg not to be deprived of the aid of wliat has proven thus
far to be our best stay and our best friend. We trust, therefore, that 3'ou, as represent-
atives of the power and influence of your Association, will continue with us.
John Powell, ~|
Robert Mullin, y Committee.
Thomas Watson, j
After reading this I told them that we had no wish to leave them if we could see
and feel that we were having the cooperation from them which we had a right to expect
J
. APPENDIX. 379
We had come to serve them and to do them good, and if they Avoiihl act with ns and
second our efforts, we coukl assure them of two thousand dollars from the Memphis
Howards to pay nurses and other expenses if citizens of other ph^ces did not respond.
I told them I would stay with them to bury the last man if it became necessary, and I
was not stricken down myself. This appeared to give general satisfaction, and on the
next day we began to prepare and to furnish the court-house for a hospital. On the
16th this was filled with patients. The gathering of the sick in a hospital relieved the
doctors and visitors of much labor, and insured more watchful care and efi'ective work
on the part of the nurses. About this time Colonel Anderson became uneasy about his
family in Memphis. His wife frequently telegraphed him of the spread of the fever,
and the general alarm. He became so uneasy that he e.\:cused himself from duty for
three days and went to Memphis. He there laid the situation at Grenada fully before
bur Association, and after removing his family to Hernando, returned to duty.
Up to this time those attacked had been among the wealthiest and best citizens.
Mrs. Fields, Mrs. Davidson, Mrs. Shankle, Wm. McMillan and wife, the Huffington, the
Peacock, the Ingram, the Crowell, the Crowder, the CofFman, the JEskridge, the Judge
Gray, the Deadrick, the Lake, the Highgate, the Hughes, and the Bishop families had
suffered.
On August 16th, only one week after the first death, there were seventeen deaths
among the remnant of the people left in the place. .J. B. Townsend on that day tele-
graphed to the Avalanche: "Mortality fearful; not a single case recovered. The town
is almost depopulated. We need help in every form."
I hope I may be spared from ever again witnessing such scenes of distress and
despair. Whole families, family after family, were swept away. It looked as though
no one would be left. Our nurses now began to take the fever, and we had not enough
to care for all the sick. Judge Thomas Watton, on August 18th, telegraphed : " People
dying to-day without an attendant."
The fever swept on as virulent as ever; the appalling rate of mortality held its
own; and on August 19th we telegraphed the following report to the Howard Associa-
tion of Memphis :
" As your representatives sent here for the purpose, we have looked carefully into
the situation of every thing connected with the yellow fever in Grenada. The epidemic,
considering the size of the town, ajipears to be the most malignant and fatal that has
ever l)een known in the country, and this after only nine days. The fever is unabated
and unchecked. The great need is for nurses, and for money to pay them. There have
been persons here sick for long periods without a single attendant. At present the con-
tributions amount to not more than one-half of wliat seems to be necessary. The funds
are certainly managed by the relief committee with a rigorous economy, and with judg-
ment, and the men who handle them are known to the business men of the south-west
as a certain guarantee for their faithful application to the purposes for which they are
intended. We hope the liberal and generous contributions made up to this time will
not cease. The ajjpeal to the charitable has no equal in the sad history of this disease.
" William J. Smith,
" Butler P. Anderson"."
The above dispatch was published throughout the country with the following en-
dorsement :
The Howard Association of Memphis indorse the appeal of their associate mem-
bers now on duty at Grenada. Messrs. Smith and Anderson, who have labored among
the sick there for nine days past, are fully posted as to the exact condition, and are gen-
tlemen in every way worthy of public confidence.
Signed, A. D. Langstaff, Vlce-Pre^.
J. H. Smith, Secretary.
In response to this telegram of our Association, contributions from the charitable
all over the land flowed into Grenada. After this Isecame available there was no want
of funds.
Previously Grenada had been entirely dependent upon the Howard Association of
Memphis for all sujiplies for the sick. The trains from Memphis were run only to
bring our supplies. The pay of all nurses, including those from Mobile and New Or-
leans, had been guaranteed by us. Your representatives had entire charge of the dis-
tribution of supplies and of the nursing of the sick. Every thing in the power of
Colonel Anderson and myself, backed as we were by the liberality of the Howards of
Memphis, was done to relieve the general distress; yet in the terror and demoralization
which prevailed, and the fewness of the well who could be relied upon for assistance,
there were doubtless many cases of death without any attention or succor whatever.
I might add that the Memphis Howards were virtually in charge of Grenada. The
mayor, Hon. J. R. Milton, had fallen an early victim of the fever. There were no civil
380
APPENDIX.
officers— state, county, or municipal — in the town. All were dead or had fled. All the
functions of civil society that were left were concentrated in the care of the sick.
On August 21st I telegraphed as follows : "The death rate not so large to-daj', but
the fever continues to spread. Tiiere have been not less than seventy-five taken down in
the last twenty-four hours. We have twelve, colored, in the hospital, where they are
equally well cared for with the wliites. This is the most malignant type of fever I have
ever seen. It is a pestilence that will not yield to medicine. Both of our New Orleans
doctors are dumbfounded at the malignity of the disease. Frequently after the
seventii or eighth day, in spite of the utmost care, they die in a few hours. Our efforts
are paralyzed for want of proper remedies. We are short of lemons, ice, beef-tea, and,
in fact, all kinds of nourishment for the sick. Five per cent, of the whole population
have now died. Money to pay nurses and care for the indigent sick is very much
needed."
This call for supplies was immediately responded to, and after August 22d, as I
am informed, there was no further scarcity.
On the morning of August 22d I was myself attacked with the fever, but I did not
quit my work till late in the afternoon. I met with all the sympathy and kind atten-
tion that it was possible for friends to bestow npon any one. Colonel Anderson wanted
rae to go to bed. I declined to go to bed in Grenada. He became alarmed, and sent for
Dr. J. H. Beatty, of Mobile, and Dr. Hall, resident phj-sician, to advise with me and to
prescribe. Dr. B^atty tested the temperature of my body, and isronounced it 104°, and
both doctors advised that I should go to bed. I respectfully declined, however, to do so
in Grenada. I then said to Colonel Anderson that if I was sick, as the doctors and him-
self made out, that he would oblige me by going to the telegraph office and telegraphing
Major Burke to send me a special car. He said he would, and suited his action to the
word.
The doctors assured me it would cost me my life to make the trip. Dr. Beatty very
kindly offered to go to Memphis with me. I declined his generous offer.
To Major Burke I owe a lasting debt of gratitude for the promptness with which he
sent a special engine and car. It arrived at about 7 P. M., and by 8 o'clock I was on the
car for Memphis. I feel deeply indelited, too, to all the friends for tlie great care they
manifested in seeing that every thing was done to m ike me comfortable and tlie ride easy.
General Thomas Watscm, the one man who took sucli a deep interest in every thing, after
lie accepted a place on the committee, and who put his buggy and driver at niy service,
was no less active when I was struck down. He ordered a m ittres-, blankets, sheets, and
coverlid from the lintel to nuike me conilortable in the car. I had hoped to be able to
take his friendly hand once more, but alas! lie is gone "to that bourne from whence no
traveler returns." Pence to his ashes. My acknowledgments are also due to the steward
at the hotel, and my friend Mr. Wyatt M. Redding (who has since paid the penalty that
we all must pay sooner or later), wlio rendered invaluable services in making me com-
fortable on the cars. When I arrived at Memphis I was met by yourself. Col. J. H.
Ednioudson, Second Vice-President, W. H. Holt, A. M. Stoddard, and a number of the
members of the Association. All seemed to .sympatiiize with me, and vie with each
other to see wiiich could do the most to make me comfortable. I was taken at my own
request, to my office, not wishing to endanger the life of any of my family. I was care-
fully watched over the remainder of the night (having arrived at Memphis about mid-
night) by the president of the Association, and in thirteen days, through the kind atten-
tion of Doctors Sims and Quimby, and the tender nursing of kind friends, I was enabled
to report for duty just in time to take the place of our worthy president when he was
taken down.
On my sickness and return to Memphis, Captain D. W. Coan and Mr. Brogan vol-
unteered to assist Colonel Anderson in his care of the sick at Grenada. Captain Coan
remained to the last in the employ and as a representative of our Association. He did
his duty nobly. Finally stricken down, be happily recovered.
As showing the fatality of this plague at Grenada, I may add that in a late visit to
that place I was credibly informed that out of all the whites who remained during its
rage only five survived.
It is befitting that I should mention some of the citizens of Grenada who were in
those trying days conspicuous for their courage and humanity. First of all upon this
roll of honor should be placed the names of that devoted band of home physicians,
every one of whom perished in their zeal to relieve the sick and distressed. The follow-
ing are their names : Drs. W. E. Hughes, W. W\ Hall, Woolfolk, Gillespie,
Hawkins, B. W. May, J. L. Milton, J. 11. Wilkins, and Einggold. The last
was the health officer. Of the clergy. Rev. John McCampbell, Rev. Dr. J. G. Hall, Rev.
J. K. Armstrong, and Rev. A. S. Haddick shared the fate of so many of their people.
Rev, W. C. McCracken was throughout the pestilence always on duty, doing all in his
APPENDIX.
381
power to relieve the afflicted. Mr. Will. Ayers,of the Oila-Fellows, died wnrking faith-
fully for the sick. Thos. F. Marshall, telegraph operator, was very kind and courteous.
Wyatt C. KedJing- succeeded him, and worked every night till two (i'clock in the morn-
ing. He was kind-hearted to the last degree. Mr. Wilshire, of Memphis, assisted in
the telegraph office. All three died. Mr. R. A. Armstead, express agent, was exceed-
ingly useful. The steward of the Chamberlain House, Mr. , remained at his
post, and though attacked with the fever, kept that hotel open throughout the epidemic;
had it not been for this there would have been no place where the doctors, the nurses,,
and the Howards could have ))een fed. The Relief Committee, consisting of Messrs.
Robert Mullin, John Powell, and Judge Thos. Watson, rendered invaluable services. To
their high integrity and excellent business qualities it was largely due that the over-
flowing charity, which relieved the sick and suffering of Grenada, was wisely r<nd faith-
fully disbursed. Judge Watson has passed beyond the reach of my poor thanks, but I
shall always gratefully remember his many kindnesses to me. General Walthall, who
gave so generously, and labored so zealously to secure money for the relief of his peo-
ple, can not be too warmly praised.
There were many noble examples of fortitude and endurance among the nurses, both
those from Memphis and New Orleans. There were some whose fidelity can not be too
highly praised. Among the best may be mentioned Mrs. Kelly, who nursed Mrs. Judge
Gray and family; Robert Butcher, who nursed at Mrs. W. A. CVcm well's; Madam Ba-
shorn, of New Orleans, who nursed at Mrs. George Lake's ; Mrs. Angelina Wolf, who
nursed at Mrs. HufKngton's ; and Mrs. Karr, who nursed at Mr. Ingraham'.s; Pat. Ford,
who nursed at W. A. Dejarnstt's, and others, and Thos. Watkins, who nursed at A. J.
Gerard's. There were many others who deserve honorable mention, but whose names
have slipped my memory.
There could have been no more devoted and faithful men than the doctors with us
from New Orleans and Mobile, vvho have already been referred to.
It is but ni}' duty to add that, notwithstanding the Memphis Howards were recog-
nized as in charge at Grenada, the New Orleans Howards responded to our calls for doc-
tors and nurses with the greatest promptitude and generosity.
My noble co-worker of the Memphis Howards, Colonel Butler P. Anderson, needs
no praise from me. All know of the courage and devotion with whicii he met and
worked through the pestilence of 1873. He volunteered to go to Grenada in the same
philanthropic spirit, and there faced a plague many times more horrible than that of
1873, with the same steadfastness, and the same untiring zeal in relieving its terrilde
suffering and distress. He was a brave, tender, and great-hearted man. When forced
to leave Grenada, I left him in that impenetrable gloom as; valiant and cheerful as ever.
In a few days he also was stricken, and died at the post of duty. I shall never cease to
mourn his loss as that of a brother and a comrade in arms.
Respectfully submitted, W. J. SMITH,
First Vice-Pres. Howard Associalion.
REPORT OF THE SUPERIiNTENDENT OF THE INFIRMARY.
Near Beattvoir Station, Harrison Co., Miss., "I
April 19, 1S79. /
A. D. Lang?taff, President Howard Association, of Mcmplii^'<:
My Dear Sir,— In consequence of a misapprehension with regard to your reque^st
for an account of mv observations and experience of the yellow fever epidemics of 1873
and 1878, at Memphis, its preparation has been postponed until actually, as I_ presume,
the very last day at which it can be of any service to you. It must necessarily, there-
fore, be hurried and imperfect.
In both these vears it fell to mv lot to be on duty in Memphis, as representative of
the "Can't-Get-Aw"ay Club" of Mobile, in charge of a band of nurses, selected and sent
bv that association." With regard to the operations of the former year, I avail mysek
of an incomplete report made to the Club soon after my return from Memphis.
382
APPENDIX.
18 7 3.
This document, after a recital of tlie facts concerning the first appearance of the
fever, alsout the latter part of August, 1873, the official announcement of its epidemic
character by your Board of Health, on the 13th of September, etc., etc. — all of which, I
presume, appears elsewhere in your narrative — proceeds as follows :
[Extract from report to Can't-Get-Away Club of Mobile.']
The above outline of the incipient history of tlie epidemic has been given in order
to a correct understanding of the subject-matter proper of this report; that is, our own
action thereon. Accounts of the rapid progress and threatening aspect of the fever
having reached us through telegraphic reports, and other sources of information, on
the 17th of September, I was, as Secretary, instructed by the president of the Club to
telegraph to tlie mayor of Memphis, oflering our services in selecting and sending ex-
perienced and competent nurses, if desired. In anticipation of an immediate answer, a
meeting of the Club was at the same time called for the next morning. No answer had
b?en received, however, when the Club convened, nor was any thing heard from Memphis
in reply nntil the afternoon of that day (tlie 18th), when the mayor of Mobile received
a telegram from the "Howard Association " of Memphis, asking for ten nurses. Mayor
Moulton promptly replied to this dispatch, referring the Howard Association to the
Can't-Get-Away Club, which had already made a tender of its services in the matter.
The final result was another dispatch from the Howard Association to the Club, re-
ceived late in the evening of the 18th, asking for fifteen experienced female nurses — an
increase from the number specified at an earlier hour of the same day, which was itself
of some significance.
The president, on receipt cf this last dispatch, notwithstanding the lateness of the
hour, immediately ordered a meeting of tlie Club for the next morning, and at the same
time published a call for nurses. The Club, as you are well aware, at its meeting on
that day (the 19tli of September) approved the action of the president and secretary by
taking measures for the prompt engagement of nurses. They were carefully, and, as
tlie result proved, most judiciously, selected by the Executive Committee, wliich went
into permanent session for the day. This action was taken about ten o'clock of the
morning, and at six o'clock of the afternoon of the same day, the full complement of
fifteen nurses having been completed and got ready, they set off for Mempiiis, under
charge of your senior secretary, who had tendered his services to the Club for tliat duty.
We arrived at Memphis near midnight of Saturday, the 20th of September. As you
have already been informed, my own first impressions were those of surprise at the
absence of the usual signs of the existence of a severe epidemic. Even at that late
hour the streets, in that part of the city through which we passed, presented an appear-
ance of animation altogether unlooked for. Lager beer saloons and other ])laces of
resort were still open, lighted as brilliantly as usual, and not by any means destitute of
groups of persons in pursuit of pleasure or amusement. The next morning was Sun-
day, and business was, of course, to a great extent suspended, but there were no super-
ficial indications of a public calamity or general distress. The churches and Sunday-
schools were open; ladies, ladies' maids, and children were passing to and fro, or enjoying
the lovely weather in the shades of the public parks ; there were the familiar groups of
loiterers about the hotels and news-stands, and the effect of the whole was an impression
that the danger and distress had been much magnified by imagination. [Perhaps in my
own mind this impression was deepened by pre-occupation with recollections of the
great pestilence in Norfolk, and the contrast presented to tlie aspect of that city on my
arrival there, when the ordinary avocations of life were entirely suspended — stores,
shops, banks, newspaper offices, and even churches closed — not a lady, nor a child
to be seen in the streets — and when a visible pall of funereal desolation enveloped the
city like a shroud.] This favorable and cheerful impression was, however, but tempo-
rary. I had not yet seen the infected dktricf.
The first place to be sought for, on Sunday morning, was the office of the Howard
Association, in order to report my arrival with our nurses. This office I found in a
small, semi-subterranean apartment in West Court Street. The Association, originally
organized in 1867, had been virtually disbanded, or suspended. Wlien reorganized, a
few days before my arrival, there were only six or seven active members remaining.
These had already set to work with great zeal and energy, to meet the emergency,
though little aware at the time to what extent their labors and resources were to be
called fortli.
In company with Mr. Langstaff", president of the Association, a great part of this
first day (Sunday, September 21st) was spent in visiting the houses of the infected
district — including Happy Hollow " — and assigning our nursea to duty, where they
APPEXDIX.
583
were most urgently needfl. To on? who li:is never seen the Iwnndary lines of local
infection as clearly an 1 distinctly drawn as they were in Menii)liis, it wonld he inijios-
sible to communicate an adequate conception of tlie startling- contrast ])rcvsented hv
appearances within and without those limits. Some idea of their extent and location
may be obtained by those familiar with the topograj)liy of Memphis, from the statement
that the fever was at this time chiefly confined to that part of the city lying north of
Poplar and west of Third or Fourth Streets. Beyond these boundaries there Was then
scarcely a case, or, at farthest, only a few scattered cases, of an origin clcarlv
traceable to the infected region. It is wonderful, to anticipate a little, luiw long the
disease lingered within these bounds. Intangible as they were, they sttmed sutKcitnt
to repel the cflorts of the fever to overleaj) them ; or, rather, sated with the sujiply of
victims within, the fever itself seemed comparatively indiffei-ent as to further progress
for days or weeks after spreading thus far. In fact, it never did obtain the same full
control of the remainder of the city, and to the very last, even after it had spread into
every nook and corner of Memphis, by far the greater part of the mortality occurred
within the limits which have been described. Within these, no accounts that have been
written have exagger.ited the frightful realities. They embraced an extent of perhaps
fifteen or twenty squares, most of them closely and com))aetly built. Some of the
dwellings in certan parts of this area are of the better class, but it is largely occupied
by small retail shops and groceries, drinking saloons, boarding-houses, and the crowded
dwellings of the very poor. In these might \k seen the sick, the well, the dying, and tlie
dead, huddled together sometimes in the same room. A cooking-stove wonld be steaming
within a few feet of the mattress of somj sufferer during the heat of the day, while at
night the same patient would be exposed to the chilling inlluence of the north winds that
whistled through tha crevicas of tlij dismal dwelling. Add to this the effects of the
excessive terror inspired by the unwonted malignancy of the disease, paralyzing the
energies, stupefying the intellect, and, in some instances, obliterating the domestic
charities and humane impulses of those still in health. Ivemember, also, that many of
the inhabitants of this district were isolated and homeless — boarding in the houses of
persons bound to them by no ties of kindred or affection — and you may form some idea
of the distress within the "infected district."
This distress was but partially known outside of its local boundaries ; and for a long
time the illusory, but n it unnatural, hop ' was indulged, that the fever would s])read no
further, and that the worst was even then over. For more than ;. week after n)y
arrival the suggestion of asking pecuniary contributions from abroad was hardly
tolerated, and the rajjid subsidenee of the fever was conlidcntly looked for by many.
The effect upon my own mind of that lirst day's observations was very different.
It was obvious that the fever was one of unusual, jierhaps unexampled, malignity,
and that it would continue to advance with greater or less ra]iidity, unless it should
falsify the precedents of all past experience, or unless the weather should become j)re-
maturely c(dd. It was evidently necessary that there should be an enlargement of
means and a))pliances for meeting what was cominf/^ as well as what was already exist-
ing. With this view, I urgeil upon the gentlemen of the Howard Association (as far
as was proper in consideration of my merely advisory position) the im]iortance of two
measures — the enlargement of their membership, and the establishment of a temj)orary
hospital or infirmary for the sick. Both of these objects were ultimately accomplished,
the latter sooner than the former.
The subject of a hospital had been already tinder consideration, both by the How-
ard Association and bv others, before my arrival in Memphis. The Board of Health
had resigned their functions about that time, partly on account of failure to obtain
RufHcient support to carry into effect a proposition of that sort. The Israelites of the
city, some of whom were among the very foremost in benevok nt activity, fj-oni beniuinij to
end of the afttiction, had made arrangements for the establishment of one, but had been
met both by injunctions at law and by threats of personal violence, and had abandoned
the enterprise. The opposition to the very idea of a yellow fever hospital among the
more ignorant and turbulent classes of the jiopulation, although utterly unreasonable,
was intense and violent, to a degree which it is hard to comprehend, and which, I con-
fess,/did not at all comprehend or realize at first. Under these circumstances, the
Howard Associati(Mi had been considering the feasibility of taking possession of a
large, isolated, ami unoccupied edifice — originally a wareliouse, or something of that
sort, but entirely destitute of the Cf)nveuiences and comforts so necessary for the pur-
pose intended. It was fortunate that this idea was not carried into execution.
In going throngh the " infected district" with Mr. Langstaff, I had been struck with
the adaptation to the desired object of a large dwelling, originally erected by the
United States Government as a residence for the commandant of the navy-yard, at the
:ierio I when a navy-vard existed at Memphis. It had recently been occupied as a first-
25
884
APPENDIX.
class boarding-honse. Early in the epidemic, the proprietor and his wife — among the
tirst cases, perhaps the very, first outside of "Happy HoHow " — had both died of it.
The other inmates had abandoned the iionse, and it was now entirely unoccupied. It
had cisterns, kitchen, laundry, gas-burners, window-blinds, and, indeed, almost every
requisite, except lack of sufficient room for the probable demand. Moreover, it was ili
the very midst of the infection. The sick, the dead, and the dying lay all around, ex-
cept in front — for it fronted on a street that runs along the very brow of the blufi', with
no dwellings between the bluft' and the river. There could, as it seemed, be no possible
opposition to the establishment of a hospital there, and it would be eminently convenient
to the sufferers for whose accommodation it was designed.
So impressed was my mind with the necessity for this enterprise — regarding it,
hoAvever, as probably only a beginning — that I offered to take personal charge of it, at
all events until it was fairly on foot, provided the Mobile nurses were given me, or at
least a sufficient number of them to perform the duty that would be required.
Mr. Langstaff concurred in these views, but feared it would be impracticable to ob-
tain possession of the building. It is needless, however, to enter into further detail of
the difficulties that were to be encountered. Let it suffice to say that they were all over-
come, and the project of the Infirmary fully resolved upon in the course of a day
or two.
There were further difficulties, however, before the design could be executed.
One of the most serious of these was that of obtaining the requisite medical attention.
The experienced physicians of the city were already fully occupied, and it was not de-
sirable to entrust this important duty to one who was inexperienced. This difficulty
was providentially and most happily solved by one of those seemingly fortuitous oc-
currences which sometimes settle difheulties for us when the best eiibrts of our own
ingenuity have failed.
On the evening of the 23d of September, the third day after my arrival in Mem-
Ijhis, "happening" into the editorial office of the Memphis Appeal, in the hope of find-
ing a Mobile newspaper, I there met Dr. Luke P. Blackburn, of Louisville, Ky., who
had just arrived, having been deputed by a number of the merchants in that city to bc-
stovi' his services upon the sufferers in Memphis, or wherever else they might be most
needed or most desired. A very few minutes' conversation satisfied me that Dr. Black-
burn was the very man, of all others, for the place to be filled. So prompt and so for-
cible was this impression, that I begged him to remain in the Appeal office until I could
find President Langstaff of the Howard Association. Mr. Langstaff was found, accom-
panied me to the Appeal office, and the result was the engagement of Dr. Blackburn's
services for our Infirmary — a most fortunate stexj, as it afterwards proved.
THE INFIRMAEY.
It would occupy too much of your space to continue in detail the narrative from
which the foregoing extract is taken. I can but briefly condense the remainder of it.
Our Infirmary was opened on the 25tli of September, and the first patient was re-
ceived.* Meantime the opposition to the movement from a portion of the inhabitants
of the vicinity had grown to a point which afforded a singular illustration of that pe-
culiar frenzy, amounting to a species of insanity, which sometimes takes possession of
the minds of the ignorant in time of public danger or calamity, and of which we read
so much in the records of the plagues of former ages. To such persons, the establish-
ment of a yellow fever hospital, instead of a measure for relief, appeared to present the
idea of a measure for fixing, propagating, and perpetuating the pestilence in their vicin-
ity. Dr. Blackburn and myself being both strangers, who had made our appearance in
the bad company of the dreadful visitant, there were some wild ideas as to the sinister
character of our objects. Intimations were made of a purpose to tear down the build-
ing, and the first few days of its occupancy was a period of some anxiety, requiring the
performance of guard duty at night, as well as the care of the sick who were beginning
to be brought in. The Hon. John Johnson, then mayor of the city, who took a warm
and most efficient interest in every measure of relief, placed a detachment of armed
police at my disposal, who were stationed within convenient distance for prompt service
*This first pationt lirnii^lit in was also tTir> Inst taken ont. Hp was a mait somewhat advanced in lifp,
known as " IMajc)r Ilucll." ami saiil t(i have bi'cii an offic'er ill tlie Fe lcral aniiy dnrin^ tlie late war. He
recovered of yellnw fever, and heeanie weU enon^li to walk, but i-emained in tlio Infirmary, snffering from
tlie srqiii'/ir, or more prdhably from some cmistitntional infirmity, until tlie 1st of November— after the
cpideniic was over— wlien he died. He was t)rcin;,'lit in b,v W.J, B. I>onsdale, then a member of the How-
ard . \. scoria tioii, who returned to Mem pli is a lion i i lie close of the late eiiidemic ( 1878), after llie dealh of his
fi'tlier. mother, and brother, and conliacted tlie fever, and died, although he had been a frequent visitor Id
the Inlirmary, and otherwise actively on duty and freely e.\ posed to infection iu 1S73.
1
in case of necessity. Tliese precantions, the failure of the malcontents to obtain any
.sympathy outside of their own very small circle, and the warm, hearty, and generous
snp].)ort extended us by all classes of the community, as soon as the facts became
known, speedily and effectually suppressed this temporary and very limited opposition.
After a futile effort to obtain a legal injunction against the Infirmary, it subsided alto-
gether, and our work went on throughout the whole period of the" prevalence of the
fever, not only without molestation, but with the zealous approval and cordial coopera-
tion of the whole community.
The Infirmary was soon filled to the utmost extent of its too limited capacity, and
for several weeks the demand for accommodation was beyond our ability to meet it.
From the 25th of September, when our doors were opened, to my departure from Mem-
phis on the 28th of October, when they had been closed against new admissions — the
fever being virtually at an end — the records of the Infirmary give the following results :
Of 167 patients admitted, 76 had died; 70 had been discharged, cured; and there
were 21 remaining, nearly all convalescent. Of those then remaining, from informa-
tion subsequently received, it is believed that 3 died and 18 recovered. Of those ad-
mitted, 107 were males and 60 females. Of the deaths, there were 62 males and 17
females. Among the admissions were 20 children between the ages of 4 and 16 vears,
of whom 5 died and 15 recovei-ed. Eight of whole number admitted were colored, of
whom two died. The principal items may be tabulated as follows:
Admmions : — Males, 107 ; females, 60; total 167
Discharged:- Males, 45; females, 43; total 88
Died .—Males, 62 ; females, 17; total 79
167
It is to be borne in mind that even to a greater extent than usual in hospital treat-
ment, on account of the dread of the Infirmary at first prevailing among the more igno-
rant classes, a large proportion of the patients were not brought in until they were
already in a moribund condition, many of them dying within a few hours — in one case
within one hour — after their reception. Deducting tiiose cases whose removal from
their dwellings should never have been permitted, as they were already beyond hope of
relief b}' human treatment, there can be no doubt that the total mortality (about 47 per
centum) would have been reduced at least to an equality with that sliown by the female
patients (28 per centum), although many of tliese were in a like hopeless condition
when received. These considerations, conjoined with tliat of tlie almost unprecedented
malignity of the fever, leave us good ground for satisfaction with the degree of success
attained by the operations of the Infirmary — a success which was fully recognized by a
friendly and appreciative public opinion.
These results are mainly to be attributed to the incomparable skill and efficiency of
Dr. Blackburn, with whom my relations were those of unljroken harmony throughout
the whole prevalence of tlie epidemic. In tliis gentleman, professional knowledge and
experience were Combined with sound practical judgment, a diagnostic insight into dis-
ease wliich seemed to be intuitive, extraordinary capability of physical endurance, and
a cheerfulness and kindliness of heart, which are better tlian medicine to the suffering
patient. I had a corps of excellent nurses, whose fidelity deserves more than this jjass-
ing notice. A rigorous discipline was maintained. My assistant, Mr. Parker, who vol-
unteered his services soon after the Infirmary was'opened, and continued in the faithful
discharge of his duties to the close, merits a large degree of whatever credit may have been
awarded to the institution. All would have been of no avail, however, but for the con-
fidence bestowed upon the management and the cordial support rendered us by the Howard
Association, under whose authority we were acting.
It is proper to state that accessions made from time to time to the number of nurses,
furnished me by the Can't-Get-Away Club, made the whole number on duty, in Memphis,
twenty-six — all females, except one. Only a part of these, however, were employed
in the Infirmary, the others being engaged in nursing in private houses. Among all
these there was only one decided case of yellow fever, and that not a fatal case.
18 7 8.
But brief space remains for a response to that part of your request which relates to
my personal experience of the great epidemic of last year, 1878. Its outbreak in Mem-
pliis found me at the place frotii which this communication is sent. At_ that time, al-
though the fever had been prevailing for some weeks in New Orleans, this coast v^^as en-
tirely free from it, and continued so for a long time afterward.
On the 15th of August, having learned, from the newspapers, that my dear friend,
38G
APPENDIX.
CV)1. Butler P. Anderson, of the Mempliis Howard Association, had gone to Grenada,
in company with General Smith, Vice-President of the same Association, on a mission
of relief, I wrote to him to call upon me, if he thonght my services there could be of
any avail. At the same time I made a similar tender of service to the president of my
own club (the Can 't-Get-Away Club, of Mobile, from wliich city I was already excluded
by a rigorous quarantine), in case it was contemplated to send any assistance abroad.
On the evening of the 23d of August I received a dispatch from Col. Anderson,
urging me to proceed to Grenada as soon as possible. Before I could get off, however,
another telegram was received from the President of the Can 't-Get-,\way VAu]>, in Mo-
bile, informing me that a number of nurses were on the eve of being dispatched for
j\Iempliis, and asking me, if possible, to proceed there at once and take cliarge of them.
This latter request seemed to be the more imperative of the two, but I determined, at
least, to stop on the way, at Grenada, for conference with Anderson.
Accompanied by my son, a youth of seventeen years, who had solicited permission
to go with me, I left home on the morning of Sunday, August 25th, and proceeded, by
way of New Orleans, to Grenada, where we arrived early the next morning. Col. An-
derson was the first person to greet me. His appearance, as he sat on the threshold of
the desolate hotel, en dcshabile, without his coat, and with a beard long unshaven — tokens
of the hard work in which he was engaged — but full of calm courage and chastened
cheerfulness, made an impression which can never be efTaced from my remembrance.
The day was spent with him in visiting the scenes of distress, which were tlien so rife
in Grenada, and in consultation with the two surviving members of the resident Relief
Committee. I was very reluctant to leave Grenada, and especially to leave Anderson
and my friend Dr. Beatty, of Mobile (who was rendering admirable professional service
to the sick), but, under the demands of what seemed to be a higher claim, I bade them
farewell, in the evening of the same day, and proceeded by special train to Memphis.
The impressions made on my arrival there (which was on the night of the 26th of Au-
gust), are given in the following extract from a letter written a few days afterward:
" Entering Memphis at night, as at a similar stage of the great epidemic of 1873, the
contrast was startling. On the former occasion there were no external signs or tokens of
pestilence in the principal streets. Shops and saloons were open, people passing to and
fro, groups gathered, as usual, about the hotels and bar-rooms, billiard tables in activ-
ity, and life presenting its ordinary aspects, except in the 'infected district,' to which it
was then fondly hoped that the fever would be confined. Such was the case, in some de-
gree, during the whole prevalence of the epidemic of that year, ^'ow, on the contrary,
the streets were dark, deserted, and silent. At the Peabody Hotel — the only hostelry
open to the public — there were no loungers to relieve the solitude of the lonely clerk in
the office. A solitary light shone from the door of a saloon in Monroe Street, and a few
others twinkled from drug-stores here and there. The only place that presented a scene
of activity was the office of the Howard Association, where I Avas greeted by a dozen
true and tried comrades of a former campaign, now girded with full armor for another.
Two or three have passed away during the lustrum that has elapsed since they were last
on active duty, but most of them still remain, and are at their posts. As I write, how-
ever, five of them lie ill of the fever, brought on, most probably, by overwork and expos-
ure. General Smith, First Vice-President of the Association, was prostrated in tJrenada.
Three of them, including the veteran Wansford, who was one of the original live that
began the light in 1873, have given way (liere) .since my arrival; and now comes to-day
the painful news that the gallant and generous Anderson, who has been doing such
splendid service for Grenada, is lying ill at that place."
" It is a singular fact that until now only three or four members of this Association
have ever had yellow fever, altliougli nearly all passed through it unscathed in 1873.
The accounts of the distress here, which you have no doubt received from various
sources (I speak conjecturally, having scarcely seen any other than the Memphis
papers since my arrival), can scarcely have been exaggerated. The ravages of the
fever have been aggravated by the unprecedented panic, the general destitution, the
paralysis of business, the lack of nurses and physicians, the rapid spread of the
epidemic, and the utter demoralization of the negroes. There is no trade or intercourse
with the country. Some of the business houses arc open for a few hours of the
day, but many of them are entirely closed. AVith the exception of the nurses,
a tew sisters of religious orders, and the negresses, no female figure is seen in the
streets. The depopulation of the city by flight and removal lias done good in
diminishing the material for disease, but has been accompanied by some incidental
evils. The scarcity of physicians is a great evil, but that of skilled nurses is a greater.
One of the most distressing things in daily experience is the necessity of turning a deaf
ear to the piteous appeals for a doctor, a nurse, or other help. Several physicians
arrived to-day, and others are expected. Nurses, also, are coming in almost daily, but
far from fast enough to supply the increasing demand."
APPENDIX.
387
The flay after my arrival (^Ttli of August) I was requested by the Howard As-
sociation to organize and superintend the intirniary, or intirniaries, which they were
about to establish. Readily consenting to this, I set to woriv at once, in conjunction
with Dr. W. E. liogers, physician in chsarge, to effect the proper organization. The
public school buildings having been tendered for this use, that on Market Street was
selected as combining the most advantages, and thoroughly fitted up. In consequence,
however, of various annoying difficulties and delays, it was not opened for patients
until the 3d of September. The school-house on Linden Street was lifted up for colored
patients, but was always on the jut of prejudice or distrust with that class of the popu-
lation, and was never more than partially occupied.
After fitting up the Market Street Infirmary, supplying it with a corps of nurses, a
matron, and other requisites, I found, for reasons which it is not necessary to state,
that there was no probability of further usefulness, on my part, in that i)articular dutv,
and finally, on the l'2th of September, resigned the superintendcncy of infirmaries, and de-
voted my attention to other duties. At the earnest request, however, of Dr. Rogers,
with whom it was always a pleasure to cooperate, on account of the complete accord
and harmony of action between us, I fitted up the " Peabod}' " school building for use
as a convalescent infirmary. It was never occupied as such, however, whether on ac-
count of the illness of Dr. Rogers, which occurred about that time, a decline in the de-
mand for accommodation, or for some other reason, I am unable to say.
Before leaving altogether the subject of the infirmaries, with which, thenceforth I
ceased to have any special connection, it is proper to bestow a slight tribute of recog-
nition npon the merits of a lady, whose duties were of a sort that naturally escaped
the observation of the public. This was Miss Mary S. Hill, matron of the Market
Street Infirmary.
Having some knowledge of this lady, and of her admirable services rendered to
Confederate soldiers during the late war, I had telegraphed for her immediately on being
requested to take charge of the infirmaries of the Howard Association. Some nec-
essary delay occurring with regard to her coming, the duty was kindly assumed for a
few days by Miss Daisy Murdock, who afterwards resigned it into the hands of Miss
Hill, on the arrival of the latter. ISIiss Hill's devotion to duty, her kindness of heart,
and her excellent management of all the details of her department, are attested by all
who had occasion to know her, and merit the highest I'ecognition.
Having altogether forty-nine nurses of tiie Can't-Get-Away Club under my
charge, besides many other duties in behalf of the sick, my time was fully occupied
during the remainder of my stay in Memphis, which continued until the 25th of
October, with the exception of about eight days spent in a visit to my family, then
reported sick. During this period there were many incidents, which it would be inter-
esting to record, if your space or my time would permit. As this, however, is im-
jiracticable, I must lie content to close with the mere statement of two or three facts, or
general deductions derived from facts. ^
.Among the forty-nine Mobile nurses already mentioned as under my charge, to
whom the addition of myself and my son would make fifty-one persons, there were
four or iive cases of yellow fever, only one of which was fatal. A comparison of this
statement with the figures relative to nnacclimated j)hysicians, visitors, and nurses,
which I presume you have ascertained from other sources, will be found to have strik-
ing significance.
As already stated, only one of my nurses in 1S73 was a man. In 1878 — as nearly
as now remembered, without having their names before me — seven of them were male,
and forty-two female. This is, in my opinion, about the proper relative propt)rtion of
the two sexes desirable for attendance on tiie sick in yellow fever epidemics. In 1878
there was an unusual and altogether unaccountable preference, in many cases, for male
nurses. I can not but regard it as unfortunate that so large a proportion of those em-
ployed in Memphis were of the rougher sex. It is true this was partly from necessity,
rather than choice, but provision should be made against a recurrence of such necessity
in case of future visitations. Some men are admirable nurses, but, in general, except
for delirious or otherwise unruly ])atients, women are far preferable. They are more
attentive, more sympathetic, with readier instincts to discern what is wanted, and more
capable of patient endurance.
The sad experience of the past year should impress upon us the importance of ob-
taining and having always in readiness a supply of competent, acclimated, and as far
as practicable well-trained nurses, for service whenever an epidemic may appear. Your
correspondent made an effort to interest the Public Health Association on this subject at
its meeting held last November in Richmond, hut it failed on account of the pre-oceu-
pation of that body with the one-absorbing question of quarantine. Quarantine is,
indeed, a matter of vital moment, but the prospect of an entire exclusion of yellow fever
888
APPENDIX.
is not promising enougli to justify any neglect of the proper measures for meeting and
resisting in case of failui-e to shut it out. Perhajis a general concert of action among
the active benevolent associations of the country, especially of the South, might do
something toward the accomplishment of the object.
In comparing the fevers of 1873 and 1878, in Memphis, it is often assumed that the
latter was the more malignant of the two. As a close observer of both, I can not con-
cur in this oiiinion, but rather incline to the contrary. Within the limits of the "in-
fected district," the percentage of the disease to the poj)ulatiou, and the percentage of
mortality to the disease, were perhaps as great in the former year as they were any-
where in the latter, if not greater; the symptoms, I think, were in general more violent,
and the cases (if an unprofessional observer may jjresume to judge) less manageable.
The striking and most remarkable distinction between the phenomena of the two years
was the confinement of the pestilence of 1873 within a limited area, beyond which there
was scarcely any thing more than a sporadic extension during its whole duration, while
in 1878 it spread through the whole city as a fire spreads through a dry prairie. Why
this was so is one of the yellow fever mysteries for which no satisfactory solution has
yet been suggested.
The yellow fever, which had broken out late in the season on this coast, continued
to prevail with no little severity for some weeks after my return from Memj)his, that
is, until late in November. There were five or perhaps six cases in my own family,
some of them severe, though happily none fatal. The most malignant and rapidly
fatal case, however, that I saw anywhere during the whole season, occurred on this pure
sand-beech, swept as it is by the breezes from the Gulf and free from all suspicion of
malaria, in the dwelling of my nearest neighbor, not two hundred yards from my own.
But this is presumably beyonii the scope of your ineiuiries, my answer to which has
already been, perhaps, exteneled beyonel the proper limits.
Very truly yours, W. T. WALTHALL.
REPORT FROM THE CITY HOSPITAL.
From the official report of Dr. G. B. Thornton, physician in charge of the City Hospi-
tal in 1878, the following extract is, by his permission, made, sliowing the number of
cases of yellow fever treated during the epidemic, the deaths, recovei ies, and other im-
jjortant data :
Number of patients in hospital .January, 1878 102
Number of i)atients admitted during 1878 1570
Number of patients treated during 1878 1672
Number of patients discharged during 1878 1176
Nun)ber of patients dieel 390
Number of patients remaining Dec. 31 106
Daily average for tlie year 86
Total percentage of <leaths for the year ••• 23.3
Of the above 460 were yellow fever patients. The first case was admitted August 2d,
a steamboatman from New Orleans. Tliis was the first case officially reported to the
Board of Health. He was sent to quarantine hospital on the morning of the 3d, by
order of Health Officer Er^kine, where he died. The last case admitted was Novenrber 7.
The 460 cases were divided as follows:
Number of whites 339
Number of blacks 121
Number of whites recovered 159
Per cent, of recovery 46.9
Number of whites died ■• 180
Per cent, of deaths 53
Number of blacks lecovereii 47
Per cent, of recovery 61.1
APPENDIX.
380
Number of blacks dieil
Per cent, of deatlis
Total recoveries from yellow fever
Total deaths from yellow lever
Percentage of deaths
47
38.S
Of the medical st;iff, which was increased by two assistants to the resident jihysician,
Dr. Tiioriitou, Drs. T. J. Lynn, of the city, and E. T. Easley, of Little Eock. all three had
the disease; Dr. Lynn first, on September 19th, I'ecovered, and subsequently resumed his
duties, and served until the end of the epidemic. Dr. Easley second, September 2(Jth,
and died September oOth. Dr. Thornton was attacked on October 10th, was so pros-
trated by the disease as to be unable to resume his duties in the wards during the leniain-
der of the epidemic. It is a fact of interest to the general reader and tlie profession, to
iu)te that this was a second attack, well defined. The first was equally vrell marked, and
occurred in October of 1867, when the disease prevailed in Memiihis. The second at-
tack was doubtless modified by the first, but the same pathological changes existed.
Dr. Berlin Peeples, a young graduate, in medicine, who went on duty as druggist of
the hospital August 15th, was attacked Septendier 27th, and died October 2d. Dr. H. C.
Sauve, of Hot Springs, Arkansas, on duty as a Howard iihysician in the city, wlio succeeded
Drs. Lynn and Easley, escaped, and the only physician connected with the institution
who did. He hail previously had the disease in New Orleans.
There were four em ployes who esca|)ed, who had never had the disease, two of whom
were white men nurses, one from the Nortli, who had lived in the Snuth but a few
months, consequently was wholly unaccliniated ; the other, a native of Mississijipi, whose
whole life iiad been spent in the South, but had never befoi'e been exposed to the di.sease.
'It may be of interest to mention that these two nuises served in wards of twenty-five
beds each, which were tilled the greater part of the time; that the duties they performed
■was very exciting, and consequently they could not have been more exposed to the con-
tagious influence of tlie disease anywhere. The other two who escajied were negroes,
employed as laborers about tiie institution.
Of those admitted a large number died a few hours after admission, in one or two
instances death occurred while en riuite to the hospital, and instead of a living a dead
body was taken from the ambulance. The hospital records show that the number for
August and September who died within thirty-six hours after admission was ninety-six;
for October and November, fifteen. Total who died witliin thirty-six hours, one hundred
and eleven. Number for August and September who died within nine hours after ad-
mission, fifteen ; for October who died within nine hours, one. Total number Avho died
within nine hours, sixteen. Number for August and September who died witliin eight-
een hours after admission, thirty-seven ; for October and November, seven. Total within
eighteen hours, forty-fnur.
The above list will show, or at lea.st give some idea of the extreme condition of many
on admission. They were really bey(md the reach of any medication or nin>ing. This
fact in regard to the admissions into this liospital should be noted. It being the public
chaiity of the city, the regular hospital in contradistinction to the Howard Infirmaries, no
eases were denied admission on account of condition or length of time sick. The order
governing the admissions into the Howard Infiiniaries was, that no case shouhl be ad-
mitted that had been sick over twenty-four hours. The infirmaries were located in the
city in charge of the Howard physicians; this hos|iital was about the center of the extieme
eastern limit of the city at the terminus of Union Street.
»
390
APPENDIX.
THE CITIZENS' RELIEF COMMITTEE.
This oifijanization, under tlie management of such gentlemen as Cliailes G. Fisher,
Luke E. Wright, William Willis, and James S. Prestidge, accomplished a great deal of
good. It })rovided food tor the needy, camps of refuge lor all who would avail themselves
of them, insured safety of life and property by a thorough military supei vision of the ciiy,
and gave courage by its constant, undeviating course. Its history is brief, but it is a record
luminous with every thing that can redeem poor fallen humanity. As we tind it in the
daily pai)ers, it is as follows:
On the 16tli of August the following notice appeared in the daily papers :
CITIZENS' MEETING TO-DAY.
The undersigned citizens, wdio intend lo remain in the city during the prevalence of the
fever, invite all of our people similarly inclined to meet at the Greenlaw Opera House,
at eleven o'clock, for consultation and action w ith regard to assisting each other througii
the .scourge, and providing w;iys and means for removing from the city to a place of safety
such of our people as are pecuninrily unable to do so without nssist;ince. It is expected
ihat answers to telegrams sent to President Haves will be placed before the meeting.
C. G. Fisher, K A. Thompson," C. P. Hunt,
E. G. Mosbv, N. M. Jones, G. Falls & Co.,
H. Furstenheim, J. S. Day, S. C. Toof,
^Y. B. Galbreath, Orgill Bros. & Co., R. C. Nicholson,
E. F. Patterson, B. Babb, John M. Peters,
S. M. Gates, John S. Toof, W. P. Prondfit,
J. M. Keating, S. Mosby, Fader, Jacobs & Co.,
W.H.Bates, Alt. Tuther, J. R. Goodwin, and othere.
J. T. Pettit, Porter, Taylor & Co.,
In obedience to tliis call, on the next day a mass meeting was held at the place in-
dicated, at which steps were taken to accomplish the purposes indicated in the call, and
at which the Citizens' Relief Committee wasorgnnized, as follows: M. H. Riley and W.
J. Chase, for the tirst ward; D. F. Goodyear and E. Mai-shall, second ward ; W. P. Proud-
fit and J. C. Maccab3e, ihird ward ; John Beamish an<l Hugh L. Brinkley, fourth ward ;
Rev. Dr. L iiulruin, and Captain .James Cleary, of the Fire Department, for the fifth ward ;
Luke E. Wright and Charles G. Fisher, for the .si.xth ward; .John Lonsdale, Jr., and W.
A. Wlieatley, for the seventh ward ; Henry Furstenheim and C. F. Cmui, for the eiijhtli
ward; Gus. Red ei' and R. B. Miller, for the ninth waid ; Butler P.Anderson and John
A. Strehl, for the tenth ward; and for the city at lariie, Major John R. Flippin and L.
D. Eisinan. When this committee ori;anized, a res(diuion to add one colored man for
each ward to their number was unanimously adopted. At the same meeting it was re-
solved to ask the government for rations, thronuh General R. F. Patterson, collector of
internal revenue, aiul committees were appointed to select a site for a camp, and solicit
snbscriptions of food and money. On the following day. Saturday, the ISlh, the com-
mittee on selection of a caniping-gronnd reported in favor of the WVbb Place, on the
Memphis and Tennessee Railroad, about seven miles from the city, and Captain Cameron's
(•ompany, the Bluff City Grays, was selected to assist in policing it. Charles G. Fisher
was elected permanent chairman; John G. Lonsdale, Jr., treasurer; W. A. Wlieatley,
secretary; and J. C. Maccahee, commissary. The following-named colored men were
added to the committee: Aaron Stephenson, for the first ward; F. B. Davi-:, secnnd ;
Thomas A. Grigsby, third; Coleman Thomas, fourth; Townsend .Jackson, fifth; J. A.
Thompson, sixth ; Vernon Chalmers, seventh ; James Glass, eighth ; James Lott, ninth;
Je.sse Wood, tenth. At the meeting on Moiulay, many subscriptions of money and pro-
yisions, and other help, were received and gratL'fuUy ackuowledg.'d. Camp Joe Williams
APPENDIX.
301
was announced as reaily for the i)eople, wlio were urged to take refuge in it without de-
lay. Tlie tents for it were supplied liy the government, which also, through secretary of
war IMcCreary — who, witli tlie President, acted veiy promptly and nobly — supplied
40,000 rations, to be drawn as needed. Superintendent \Villis, of the Southern Exiucss
Company, Dr. D. T. Porter, and Mr. Thomas B. Turley were added to the committee.
Captain A. T. Lacey, John Consadine, and .John J. Duffv were elected to fill vacancies
by resignation. Camp Wiiglit was estaldishcd on tiie '.ilst, located on tlie Cuba road.
Cam|) Smith, Camp Giithn, Camp Wade, Camp Father Mathew, and Camp Dufty
were established about this time. Father Mathew Camp was independent fif tlie com-
mittee, but all the others were under its su|iervision. At the meeting of the 21st, the
people were again appealed Ut to remove from the city, and provision was made lor the
support of the families of the McClellaii (colored) Guards and Brown's (colore<l) Zouaves,
botli of which companies were mustered into permanent service. At a meeting c)n the 24th
of August, Hon. Casey Young, member of Congress, and Rev. Dr. >Slater were added to
the committee ; .J. A. Thomps(m, colored, was also added to the committee. On the same
day the colored people held a mass meeting, and appointed committees to co-operate
with the Citizens' Kelief Committee in the maintenance of law and order. At a meeting
on the 27th, the chief of police was empowered to fill all vacancies on the police, the
committee becoming responsible for their pay. General Luke E. Wright reported all the
camps doing well, and that Camp Morris Henderson had been established a quarter of a
mile from Camp .Joe Williams — the McClellan guards to police it. There were no more
meetings of the committee up to the 1st of September. Thoroughly organized and
equipped, there was no need for any. t)n that day an ajipeal for aid was nmde, which was
signed by Charles G. Fisher, chairman; J. G. Lonsdale, .Jr., treasurer, who also acted as
secretary; by Luke E. Wright, C. F. Conn, William W'illis, I). F. Goodycai-, and S. M.
Jobe. A meeting of the comnuttee was held on the 5th of September, at which Hon. Casey
Young [)iesi(led, but it was devoted to the distribution of supplies, which, with money,
continued to pour in from all parts of the country. At a public tneeting held on thelOtli
of September, the people were urged to go to the camps. The committee were still at w(jrk,
though very much diminished in numbers. A great many had left the city, and many
had died. Those who remained were doing an almost exhaustive work every day. On
the 20th of September the committee sent the following, addres.sed
To the People of Ike United States, and the World at Large :
Your generous contributions for the relief of the snfterers by the yellow fever in
Memphis, especially within the jiast few days, and what is now on the w^ay to us, has
placed us beyond the reach of immediate or probable want in the future. We have
enough, not only for our own needs, but to enable us to assist the people of our county,
and of the villages of this and the adjoining States. W^ith hearts overflowing with grati-
tude for your ail] and sytnpathy, and pi ayers for your welfare, we are,
Your grateful servants,
A. D. Langstaff, Pres. Howard Association,
Luke E. Wright, Actinsr Pres. Citizens' Kelief Com.,
D. F. GooDYEAH, .Acting ISLayor,
J. M. Keating, Editor Memphis Appeal,
W. W. Tiiatchfk, Cashier, Fiist Ivaiional Bank,
Committee on Address, Citizens' Belief Committee.
On the SOthof October a meeting of the Citizens' Relief Committee was held, of which
J. M. Keating was chairman, and .James S Prestidge, (treasurer since the death of John G.
Ixmsdale, JrO was secretarv. Upon motion of Dr. D. T. Porter, it was
Resolved, That all commissary stores now on hand be at once turned over to the
mayor, and his receipt taken therefor.
Upon motion of General Luke E. W^rigbt it was
Resolced, That a committee of five be appointed by the chair, and .same empowered
to distribute among the orphans in this city, pro rata, any balance of funds that may re-
main on hand after all the liabilities of this committee are dischaiged ; and that the
treasurer be instructed to turn over to said committee said balance when ascertained.
General Wri-ht declining to serve on said committee of five, the chairmsn ap(iointed
Dr. D. T. Porter, James S^ Prestidge, W. W. Thatcher, C. F.Conn, and Dr. D. F. (ioodyeai-,
and, upon motion, tlie chairman, Mr. J. M. Keating, was added to said committee.
At a meeting held December 7th, the committee appointed by the Citizens' Relief
Committee, on the 30th of October, 1878, to distribute among the diHerent_ oriihan asylums
in this city the balance remaining on hand after paying all the liabilities of said com-
niittee, there were present— Dr. J). T. I^irter. chairman ; James S. Prestidge, W. W.
Thatcher, and Dr. D. F. Goodvcar (Messrs. C. F. Conn and J. M. K:eating being absent).
James S. Prestidge w:is appointed secretary, and the following proceedings were had:
802
APPENDIX.
The treasm-or made his report, showing a balance on liand, in cash, of ?7,2o3.29, and
county wan-ants (of Shelby County), received in settlement with John Walr-h, of
$1,208.80. Upon motion, ir was
BesoUvjl, That the county warrants on hand, §1,208.80, be deposited in the hands of
a CDnimittee, compo-ied of Hon. John Jolnisoii and Dr. D. F. Goodyear, to be given to
the Colored Orphan Asylum of this city, when its organization is completed and legalized ;
and ill the event such urganization is not completed so as to entitle said asvlnm to said
fund, under this resolution, within twelve months from this date, then saiil committee is
authorized, and hereby directed, to distribute said amount, pro ra^a, to the orphan asylums
in the same m:niiier, and in the same ratio, as the general fund is hereinafter divided.
Resolved, Tiiat the Treasurer of the Citizens' Relief Committee be instructed to divide
among the several orphan asylums of this city the sum now on hand, on ilie following
basis :
St. Peter's, 126 orphans $2,986 64
Leath, 70 orphans 1,659 25
St. Mary, 70 orphans 1,659 25
Hebrew", 40 orphans 948 15
Total $7,253 29
And tlie receipt of the treasurers of the said several asylums shall be his voucher
for the payment of the same.
TREASUREK'S REPORT OF CITIZENS' RELIEF COMMITTEE FROM AUGUST
16 TO DECEMBER 13, 1878.
Receipts by John G. Lonsdale, Jr. (died), from Aug. 16 to Sept. 10, 1878 $42,186 40
Receipts by R. B. Clarke (died), from Iltli to 2.3d Sei)t., 1878 39,529 30
Receipts by James S. Prestidge, from Seiit. 24 to Dec. 13, 1878 19,451 70
Total $101,167 40
Aggregate disbursements during above period, including distribution among
orphans '. $93,914 11
Balance 7,253 29
$101,167 40
REPORT OF THE COMMISSARY DEPARTMENT.
The following tabulated statement shows the number of rations issued to the sick
and poor, during the months of August, September, and up to the 25th of October. It
was carefully copied from the books of the Commissary, Captain J. C. Maecabee, who, it
is proper to say here, was complimented not only by the officers of the Citizens' Relief
Committee, but by the press of the city. His administration of his department was
both just, fair, and reasonable. Five of his book-keepers succumbed to the fever and
died. Undismayed, he stood to his post and closed his books and wound up the affairs
of the Commissary as coolly as if he was settling the affairs of a great public trust in
ordinary times.
APPENDIX.
393
Article.
Oystprs, cans
Fish,
Shoulders, lbs
Biicoii, lbs
II inis, lb-;
Canned Beef, cans..
Fresh Beef, Ih-i
Dried Beef, lbs
Mutton, lbs
Flour, bbls...
Flour, lbs
Cornmeal, bbls
Cornniealjlb^
Potatoes, bbls
Potatoes, pecks
Onions, b))ls
Onions, pecks
Hard Bread, lbs
Cheese, lbs
Crackers, lbs
.Soft Bi-ead, loaves...
Peas, lbs
Bean.s, lbs
Rice, lb<
Hominy, lbs
Grits, lbs
Tea, lb-:
Grain Coffee, \bi
Koasted Cott'ee, Ib.s.
Sugar, lbs
Vinegar, gal..
Coal Oil, gal
Candles, lbs
.i7!l
1.5,04.S
36 2.0
7lSi» 2,;^(is
liMilii
(is,(;.')0'L;oii,(i().
lU,:i!t2 l-l,liil
170
3,(j3»
146
53
22
15
111
2,513
3,976
140
724
1,5,30
2
100
59.07
1,742
1130;^
5,3S0
43,
308
2,565
705
74
258
51
404
64
55^
1,288
6,392
1,657
212
7,834
4,520
214
304.03
7,875
8551
16,084
340
15
015M
310
124
4,1
1,491
153
843
140
531
'K2
8,7li0
352
14,287
3
1.37
ll,52li
10,347
4
1.56
1174.111
23,24]
37,407
150'.'.
114
1,818
61
3,1.57
2s..-,t;
I.;
'480'
5,395
124
6,737
2,;!42
280
1,123'
20J
1,046
7
124
21
10,048
3.52]
23 222
489,
20,0S4
16,397
220
2.56
Hl-J.s.dt
1,IKV..
5,S,S7U
533>..i
1291
2,741141
Article.
Soap, lbs
Salt, lbs
.Mnsiard, Ib^
l''-|'l>cr, lbs
I'leserves, number
.Molasses, g il
Soda, lbs
Lard, lbs
Apples, lbs
Oals, bush
Ice, lbs
Chickens, number.
Eggs, doz
Wine, bot
Hay, lbs
Butter, lbs
Yeast Powders, boxes.
Tobacco, lbs
Cigars, number
Hoii.s, lbs
( )ian,s^e i, doz
Pe u-iies, lbs
Lemons, doz
Corn, cans
Tomatoes, cans
Beans, cans
I 'ondensed Milk, cans.
1 'iLS's Feet, cans
I i 111, gal
Liandv, gal
Whisky, gal
Coi-u Starch, lbs
Lime, bbls
0
0
<
7:
798 1409 >^
667! 1,362
1;
16! 75.15
1! 13:
2.32i 8;
11: 112
5861 393H
II 1.3)
6
1,200; 1,025
188| 658
00, 264,
121 29
«,2l)l) 10,000
163
114
31
59K
1
12
351
122
49
100
235
19
55
64
63
24
2
2
47)4
9
40
Q
0
E-i
6 394
8 C01^'>
4 722
6 7.)i
i
124
1,612
2,.591>.>
58(i
670
89.!'/;
2.225
206
1 0.52
11.3
4.37
105
146
20 640
C8 M40
" '101
'615
60
296
19
!H)
luO
&6:i
j]
l,0v8
3!
168
79
223
243
379
20ii
269
83
107
1.58
160
10' .>
17
94
200'4
23
3.i
52
The total numher of rations issued in August was 41,518; in September, 212,027;
and, in October, 492,190. Total number issued, 745,735.
Tiie beneficiaries in August numbered 4,042; in September, 22,871, and in October,
41,109 ; total, 08,022. In October a great many rations were supplied to jiersons beyond
the city limits, and to persons who were not in either of the camps which were supplied
by the Commissary.
REPORT OF THE SURGEON IN CHARGE OF CAMP JOE WILLIAMS.
On the appearance of the terrible scourge, in the city of Memphis, during the
latter part of July, 1878, and the apprehension that a third visitation would, if in
epidemic form, carry before it thousands of helpless human beings, with no apjtarent
avenue of escape, a few of our more thoughtful fellow-citizens suggested the establish-
ment of camps at points accessible to supplies, and beyond the supjjosed limits of in-
fected atmosphere.
The government readily responded to a call for 1,000 tents, and upon tlicir arrival,
August 15th, Oamp Joe Williams, four and one-half miles from the .city, was tsta!)-
lished, under tiie direction of tiie Citizens' Committee. The sight was selected for its
isolated position, altitude, shade, ample springs of superior water, perfect drainage, and
accessiljility to rail communication.
The sole fault in the selection was its proximity to the city, wliich rendered it im-
possible to prevent visitations to the infected districts ])y the inhabitants, who, despite
rigid rules, entered the jaws of almost certain death, rather than forego the pleasure of
a drunken debauch, plunder, or tlic like.
The camp was laid out upon the crests of three swelLs of ground, stretching
one-half mile. The tents were arranged in avenues, having two sides, faced inward,
and along the edges of slopes, whose crests ranged from fifty to one hundred and fifty
feet in width. The tents were planted five feet apart, and numbered by shi^jping tags.
894
APPENDIX.
The rows were designated by name, such as Fisher Row, Otey Row, Wright Row, etc.,
the number ending with each row or street.
Each swell of ground was laid off" separately, with the same regularity, and desig-
nated by a different name, such as Camp Willis, Camp Retreat, etc.
Two adults, or a family with one child were assigned to each tent; single men were
quartered in separate rows.
A complete register of names and locality made, cooking utensils, straw and
ration-ticket furnished the instant of assignment, when the inmates set about arrang-
ing their households.
It being observed that the current of air at evening ranged invariably east of
north, and from the south-west, a Palilisic hospital was fitted up at the extreme north
end of the encampment. The military and medical headquarters were set up at easy
distance from this point. This was deemed necessary, as the printed regulations
required that all residents, when pronounced stricken of the plague, should be, per force
if needs be, removed on litters to the hospital. It was deemed best that those in
authority should set an example of indifference to attack, in order to appease, as far as
possible, the constant anxiety of the population.
The camp was governed by a flexible military discipline. Two military companies — the
Bluff City Grays (white) and the McClellan Guards (colored) — wereqnartered in the heart
of the encampment, to enforce the published regulations hereto appended, to wit :
Camp Joe Williams, August 24, 1878.
GENERAL RULES NO. 1.
Ttie following Regulations are issued for tlie government of tliis Camp, witli wliicli every
soul within its jurisdictioii must clieerfully comply,or lie driven from its limits:
Reveille will sound ai 5 A. M.
Labor Call, A. M., when the roll of paid labor will be called, and duty begin.
Surgeon's Call will sound at 7 A. M , when all requiring medical treatment will report to
Medical Headquarters.
Police Call will sound at 9 A. M.
Dinner Call will sound at 1:2 M.
Police Call will sound at 2 P. M.
Tattoo will sound at 9 P. M.
Taps will sound at 10 P. M.
At Police Call the details will fall in and be verified by the bosses, who will then march them
to portions of the Camp requiring duty. #
At l^olice Call the inhabitants are required to ventilate tents, clear ditches, sun straw and
bedding. and police round alxiut their quarters, kitchens, and parade.
Families having no male adults present must police their tents and immediate surround-
ings. The police gangs, on application, will attend to their wants.
The inhabitants are required to make use of the kitchen pit?, into which all waste water
and kitchen waste must be thrown. The sinks must be used by the inhabitants in answertoall
calls of nature. A violation of this rule will subject the offender to expulsion from Camp.
The officer of the day will make the rounds at 10 A. M , and enforce these regulations. He
will report to the commandant the tenant guilty of neglect.
All able-bodied men are required to do police duty. They will be divided into gangs, or re-
liefs; be assigned to duty in turn, and for no longer than one-half of each day, between Re-
veille and Retreat.
The orderly sergeants, the quartermaster and commissary, bosses of labor gang.s, and the
surgeon in charge will make a dail.v report of all officers, men and women doing duty under
them, and to whom ration stores :i nd medicines are issued The surgeon will also report num-
ber of prescriptions, number of inhabitants .sick and in hospital, and all deaths and births oc-
curring within each twenty-four hours. These reports will be filed at headquarters by 12 M of
each day.
A condensed daily report, in printed form, will be issued and forwarded to the Citizens' Com-
mittee at 12 M.
A weekl.y report of refugees and citizens employed as laborers and mechanics will be fur-
nished the Citizens' Committee by the quartermaster, after receiving the .signature of the com-
manding ofBcer.
. The.senior officer of each department will confine himself, to his respective duties, and will
report to the commanding officer only for instructions, details and orders pertaining thereto.
By order,
JOHN F. CAMERON, Commander.
Tlie staff consisted of one commander, two surgeons, one commissary and quartermas-
ter. The subaltern force, three bakers, one butcher, one carpenter, one wagon-master, and
one drug clerk ; also, to the hospital, one head cook, one steward or head nur.se, to which
were added, from tlie inliatiitants, such additional force as needs required. Four stretcher-
hands and four grave-diggers were also added to tlie hospital force. The duties of the
former were to remove the sick, destroy or disinfect the tenement of the sick, and erect
new tents where needs required. Wood and water was distributed daily to the inmates,
and every want supplied. All infractions of the rules were jiunished, and no excuses
allowed in mitigation of offenses.
Ten days' rations were stored in the general warehouse, from which issues were made
every other day. Tlie inhabitants presented themselves at the call, with buckets and sacks
APPENDIX.
395
in hand, and took ])OsItlon i)y file, tlie women having |)Voceilencc, As oncli ticket was
pi-eseiited, the same wan clieckeil oH' on the register, i-alions I'lirniKhed, and so on. The
meat was eut by expei-ts in lalionn, and issned without dehiy ; so with sugar, coHee etc. It
required not exceeding two lioiirs to supply one thousand people in detail of sa.y three
Imndred separate tickets.
We baked our bread, purchased and slaughtered our beef, w hich was issued lialf fresh
and half salt. The commissary was RU|ipliecl with ten, coffee, sugar, rice, beans, candles
soap, vinegar, molasses, crackers, tiour, bread, meal, and soda. The inhabitants drew shoes
and blankets when necessary. The camp was inhabited by the lower classes, and from the
districts where tlie pUigue was most violent. Many liad been employed on public works,
and readily accommodated themselves to camp life. I am not sure, but thcgeneial healib
was attributable to this fact, and that the season w'as excessively drv, anil well suited to out-
door life. Under difi'erent conditions, the mortality I'roni other causes might liave lieen
alarming. The camp biokc up October 31, 1878.
11. B. N.VLL, M. I)., Surgeon in cliargc of Camp Joe Williams.
The following list embraces the names of tho.se who died nt Camp .Joe Williams, six
miles south of the city, as furnished by Dr. E. B. Nail, surgeon in charge :
Berry, Isaac.
Bradv, Mrs.
Berry, A.
Brady, Ellen.
Brown, F.
C'alere, Mrs. J.
Cannon, Mrs.
Clinton, .Jaine.s.
Calere, T. C.
Carson, Mrs,
Coe, Wni.
Dirosy, Wra.
Dannion, Wni.
Easterbrook, Frank.
Gilbert, J.
Garrison, Mrs. Bruce.
Grecco, Angelo.
Freeland, Wm.
Jones, .J. W.
Johnson, A. J.
Kirk, Fannie.
Karrigan, Thos,
Kelly, Mr.
Lee, Mrs.
Merrill, Mrs. M. A.
Powers, Wm.
Peterson, Jcdin.
Pinder, .Sarah,
liinger, Wm.
Kyan, Wm.
Laurence, Mrs. & 3 children. Kuhle, Mrs. Geo
Lanigan, Joseph.
Lutz, Martha.
Limburger, A Ibert.
McDonald, Mary.
Manton, .John.
Miles, Mike.
McQuillan, Wm.
Murphy, F. K.
Murphv, Gwen.
Murphy, J. P.
liichanlson, Stella.
Scuiderhoff, C.
Tavlor, Dr.
Webber, Mrs.
Wright, Mary.
Woods, W. E.
Williams, S. W.
Lady, unknown.
Frenchman, unknown.
Colored man, unknown.
CAMP DUFFY.
Camp Duffy was called after our fellow citizen, John .J. DufTy, and was situated in
Raleigh and vicinity, and comi)rised about fifty families, refugees fiom Memphis. They '
drew weekly rations from the commission, composed of Messrs. Duffy, Meyers, and Stoddard.
Some of the families occupied tents I'nrnislied by the Citizens' Belief Committee. During
the latter part of September and first of Octobei', the fever broke out in the camp. Having
no physician but Dr. Duncan, whose time was principally taken up at the Poor House,
tlie Howards sent to their relief Drs. Wilkes, Fogarty, and S()encer. The deaths numbered
from lorty to fifty, the names of which are embraced in the general tleath-list of the
Howai'd Association.
REPORT OF THE FATHER MATHEW CAMP.
In giving to tlie jiublic this li.'?t of contributions, I feel that a word of preface, ex-
planatory of what has been done by means of the generous aid sent me, is very desirable,
especially as I have received many letters of inquiry as to what I have been enabled to do
to relieve the miseries which, during the past three months, have been caused here, by the
yellow fever plague, and as to why I would not publish the contributions .sent me. In
answer to all these inquiries, in some instances complaints, I have to plead vant of time.
The many letters of sympathy .sent me have not been forgotten. In the midst of most
gloomy scenes, they atlbrded me, very frequently, the relief of consolation.
396
APPENDIX,
When the }'ellow fever plague was imported liere, early last Aii.ci'.st, it was not rliffioult
to anticipate its scourging I'uvases. I was assistant priest at 8t. Patricia's Clnircli, and lion-
oi-ary President of tlie Fatiitr Matliew Society here. It was attaclied to the Irish Cailioiic
Ijsnevolent Union and to the Cailiolic Total Ahstinence Union of America. We liad a
meeting of our society on tiie Sunday' after the plague had made its appearance. Forty-
five ineuibers were present. Many were unaware of tlie great calamity wliich was im-
minent, and some were anxious, in tlie event of the fever becoming e|iideniic, to liave the
society organize, from amonsj its members, a corps of nurses or others to assist the families
of th.' members who might be stricken down, and, as far as they might be able, other
afflicted families — witliont distinction, as I appreiiended, of race, creed, or color. Know-
ini? full well that our society did not contain the clas< of men who would be enabled to
effectually carry out this grand idea, I suggested that the members =ave themselves and
families by timely flight, and establisii, in quarters considered safe, a camp, which might
hi made a source of refuge and relief. This suggestion met with an unanimous approval.
I assured them tiiat I would provide the funds antl look after cverj' interest. An unani-
mous resolution was then passed to leave the treasury and powers of boiird, in fact, all
the rules of the society, in the hands of a committee of five members, with me as ciiair-
man. On tlie next day I issued an appeal for aid, to the societies comprising the two
great National Unions to which our society was attached. I was anxious, as I wrote,
" to show to the world the great power that might be wielded by the co-operative efforts
of ourUni()ns, and to convince Catholic societies of some of the great benefits of mem-
bership in these Unions."
It has enabled us to be a source of charity and benevolence among the needy, the
dying, and tlie dead, irrespective of creed, race, or color, during nearly three months of a
most trying ordeal — an ordeal which made our fair citv a city of the dying and dead.
Out of its population of 45,000 or 50,000 inhabitants, 35,000 or 40,000 had fled for their
lives when the plague broke out; of the 8,000 or 10,000 who remained, over 7,000 are re-
])orted as having been stricken down by the fever. The county undertaker has a registry
of 2,500 burials by him ahme.
The bravest and the noblest of every rank were being daily stricken down, and their
.remains hurriedly carried away to the cemeteries or the potter's field.
Thosa of us wliom God was pleased to spare, in order to minister to the wants of the
sick, th3 needy, and the dead, liad to witness scenes wliich jjen can not well describe, and
to undergo labors which, on some occasions at least, might be considered su|ierhuman.
Anionaf our sisters and priests the fever made great havoc. Almost a score of sisters
died. Of the priests who were in the city wlien the fever broke out, only three of us
escaped witliont having to submit to the treatment of physicians and nurses, who, as yet,
know no specific remedy for yellow fever patients. It is a fact that wherever tlie disea.se was
directly attacked by tlie powers of medicine, the life of the patient was directly attacked.
Since the 29th of August, ten of our priests have been laid down " to sleep" in Cal-
vary Cemetery, making, in all, fifteen priests — five in 1873 and ten in 1878 — who have died
liere of yellow fever! Fifteen who have died on the field of battle, to which the call of
their ministry summonsd them. This great mortality among priests is not to be won-
dered at, when it is taken into consideration that every dying Catholic needs his priest;
that the priest has to sit and kneel beside the bed of the plagne-strickeii patient, and,
whilst hearing the confession of years of sin, to lean over the patient, inhaling liis poison-
ous breath; and he has very often to draw out, from beside his person, the hands that
are stiffening in death, in order to anoint them with the holy oils of the dying. Thus,
humanly sjiaaking, it was almost impossible for a priest on duty here to have escaped the
plague.
On the day that I gave my appeal to the printer, Mr. Consadine, onr very worthy and
self-sacrificing vice-president, and myself set out to select a suitable place on which to
erect our Father Mathew Camp of Refuge. Th.e idea was somewhat novel. The under-
taking was considered very arduous, and some of onr best friends warned us that the
labor would be herculean. Yet we were determined to carry out our project. Few, if
any, could have anticipated our wonderful success.
The inhabitants of the country districts were scared of any who came from the city.
Panic was every-where around us. The managing committee of our Citizens' Eelief
had to call upon the military to force its way to the camping-ground selected for the
Joe Williams Camp.
We quietly found out an eligible site, of abont 200 acres of land. There was a boiling
spring in the midst, and proves of forest trees on each side of the crystal .stream, to which
the s|)riiig was a main tributary. We ascertaineil that the tract was unoccupied, and that
it belonged to Messrs. Hill, Fontaine & Co., distinguished merchants of onrcitj'. Before
we could make arrangements with them, we, next day, had five sentries on the tract, to
take possession of it. By the same evening we had a number of tents on the ground and
APPENDIX,
397
the camp established. We jnililislipd ami posted around the traet our rules and re^rnla-
tioiis, among .which it was declared tliat " no one under the infiuence of intoxicatin"-
liquor would be allowed to enter the ground.s, and that, without special perjiiit, no intox-
icating liquor would be allowed."
We established, on one side of the grounds, a quarantine department. Tliere we de-
(aineil, for a number of days, every one with permit seeking admission to the camji. They,
as far as we could make them, worked in grading their [lortion of the slreets in the n)ain
camp, into which, after fifteen days, tiiey were admitted. This precaution against intro-
ducing the plague into the camp, w.as very desirable, and it worked most admirably. The
dangers of a panic, which might disperse the camp, were thu.s obviated. livery one felt
the more secure, and the elements of harmony and peace wei'e strengthened.
Of course, we did not entirely depend upon human precaution to protect us. The most
of those admitted to our cimp were Catholics; hence, one of the first buildings erected
on the grounds was a little church. It was on wheels, and located at one end of "our main,
or Father Mathew Aver('ie,-beneath the shadesof a forest tree. It was dedicated in honor
of the Sacied Heart of our Divine Lord, and we all looked upon it as the Ai'k of our
safety. There, during the plague, I celebi-ated mass almost eveiy morning, and recite<l
the rosary and gave benediction of the most blessed sacrament every night, when, after
the day's labor in the plague-stricken city, I returned to lest at the camp, and be
consoled by the prayerful greetings of our poor, faithful jicople, who daily feared ihat I
would be stricken down. These esteemed greetings afibided nie many a relieving joy
amidst the most, gloomy days of the awful plague.
In a very few days we had a commissary anil drug-store, a kitchen and commodious
dining-hall erected, until every thing was so admiralily arranged, that a iriend, coming
from a distance, suggested that we should call (be place New Memphis.
For a few weeks wi reserved the main avenue and the camp for the members of our
society and for their families. They did not all mail thenntchcs of the opportvpilies thus af-
forded them. Of those who did do so, none of themselves or their families died, except
one good woman, who, having gone to the cit}', contracted the ilisease there, and died in
a few days after returning to the cam[).
Within a very few weeks after the camp was c.stabli.shed, we had any number of ap-
plicants foi' admission. We issued permits, to be distributed, by responsible parties,
among thijse alone who were in need of our jirotection, of good morals, and i)rei>ared to
submit to our rules and regulations. Witlioutone of tliese pei'mits no one was admitted
beyond the lines (jf the sentries. Thus it was that we were enabled to keep out of the
cam]) those who might become elements of discord or vice, and to maintain it, for ten
long weeks, in harmony and virtue.
The plague raged every-where through the country districts around us. Its victims,
from even the very confines of the camp, were being daily cai ried to their graves. Out
of our population of about 400, we had ovly ten deaths from fever. In each case the
fever was contracted in tiie city. It did not spread in the camp. In fact we had not one
certain case, of a fatal or unfavorable result, contracted in our camp: Providence must
have assisted us.
In writing of the health of our camp, I must make mention of our devoted ]ihysi-
cian. Dr. W. C. Cavanagh. He was ever untiring in his eflbrts to assist ns, l)y his wise
counsel and medical skill, until he was stricken down at the post of duty. His devoted
wife, without the aid of a phi/dciaii, successfully nursed him through a severe attack, and,
in a few weeks, he was able to revisit our camp, to inspire once more renewed confidence
for the safety of our poor people.
After we had been about a month in the camp, we )-ented commodious adjacent
buildings, and established a school for the children. Three of the Sisters of 8t. Jose|ih
took charge of it, and, for the time, made their home with us, ami rendered invaluable
assistance, in ministering to a variety of necessities among our poor people. Thus, by the
generous aid we sent, we were enabled to {irovide for the every necessity of our com-
munity, and not only that, but to disburse, for a period of ninety days, an average of
$150 a day in general charities outside of the cam]i. I disbursed this much, and much
more, lam sure, through the Sisters of St. Joseph, and through responsible parties, whom
I found going about doing good, my invaluable instruction being: " Relieve all you can,
and call on nie for moie." Thus, as fast as I received money, I put it at once into cir-
culation among the needy.
The Howard .\ssociation,/(»' airhilr, honored my requisitions for ne.urishment for
those sick of \he ferer in the city.
The Citizens' Relief here gave us hard rations for about one-fifth of our people, and,
during the last three weeks of its existence, it )>aid for our fresh meats, firewood, and
some lumber to set up back kitchens in the camp. It also gave ns a few boxes of ill-
ass jrted clothing, and two small .sui)plies of delicacies for the sickly. If we did not get
398
APPENDIX.
more of our necesglties fiuiiplled liy tliis exrelleiit relief Committee, it wna not the fault
of its untiling mid self-sacrificing chairman, (tenjral [>ulce Wrii,'iit, wlio. from the begin-
ning, recognized us ;i public beneracfor, and who, M iien we luid a coniplaint to make to
him, assured us, tliat by " O. K.-ing" bills to him, lie would have supplied to us " everv
thing that / deemed necessary for our people." This assurance was made during the
waning weeks of the plague, and in order to c;irry it out, General Wright interested him-
self pcrmnalbi in our behalf, when our orders on the commissary were being, I'rom dnv to
day, left unfilled. To him, and to the Citizens' Kelief here in general, we are lhaiikful.
Being independent in the management of our camp, we only called for .such assiRtauce as
we needed lor those alone who in no %i:ay were connected with our society, or with the
family of any of its members. 1 must say that among the Citizens' Eelief Committee
and Howard As.qociatiou a very grand spirit of catholic or universal charily was mani-
fested. 1 met their representatives ainio.st every-where — even in the negro hospital that
I was wont to visit. The plague here did develop the c/randest attributes of our common himan-
itij. A coniinon feeling took possession of all. Catholic charity was the bond which
made a grand confraternity of almost all of us who were .spared being stricken down.
At tlie end of October, the long-wished-for vinitor arrived. Frost made its appear-
ance, and " Yellow Jack '" was slain for the present. We had reason to thank Godi I
proclaimed in the camp a three days preparation for thanksgiving. All were permitted
to enter the city and arrange their houseliold effects during the day. At night we had
devoti<uis at the camp.
On Ail-Hallows Day, we determined on moving HOME in solemn procession. I cele-
brated a thanksgiving mass, and administered holy communion to avast number of men,
women, and children, who had Hocked around us, with those in the camp, to leturn
thanks to God for our wonderful preservation. The scene was inspiringly grand. I
thought it worthy of being preserved, and, in conRecpience, had on hand, by the assistance
of my energetic society friend, W. N. Webb, of Louisville, Kentucky, a tirst-class artist.
He photographed the mass of thanksgiving and the scene after it, when, in joy, all pre-
))ared to " pick up stakes," and march in solemn procession to the church, where bene-
diction of the most blessed sacrament was given, and the te deum solemnly chanted. The
scene is one which I shall never forget. We all had reason to thank God, but more es-
pecially I, the most youthful among my comrade priests, who noAV sleep in death, but all
of whom marked me out, as the first victim for the plague!
0.1 examining the bank-book of the Father Maihew Camp, T found, to-day, to its
credit, §1269,21. Of this amount over .$900 is still due to the undertakers. The bal-
ance, for the most pirt is due on relief bills issued to grocery stores, to relieve tho.se
in their vicinities. Thus, it is that I have endeavored to disburse every thing, to tlie best
advantage which was sent me.
I have to thank espscially the Citizens' Relief of Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Worcester,
and Newark, Ohio, for recognizing the claim of our necessities. Outside of our comrade
Cathiiiic societies, our priests and bishops, those alone, assisted us.
Our most special tlianks are due to Martin I. J. Griffin, Secretary of ihe I. C. B. U.,
who has proved himself to be our best friend, and who declined to accept of personal
expenses. He was the first and the last to send us contributions.
In our list there must be many mistakes. We have done our best to preA'ent them.
All telegrams for ca.sh were sent back for collection. Of those I liave not been enabled
to keep a regular registry. But for Brother Maurelian and his comrade Christian broth-
ers I could not keep a registry, for I was engaged almost day and night in ministering
to the dying.
No words can sufficiently express my gratitude to all who in any way have aided
me. Perhaps there was never a grander respon.se to the appeal of a private and unknown
individual! It brought into my hands about $29,000! I could not have anticipated
such a grand response. My thanks, and the thanks of our community, are, therefore, the
more sincere. As such our friends will, therefore, the more readily accept them.
Miseries consequent on the plague still surround me. The condition in which I am
placed as rector of this church is embarrassing. The effects of the plague shall long remain.
But, whilst I am enabled to offer up, at the altar, the holy sacrifice of the mass, I shall
ever remember there our generous sympathizers.
William Walsh, Rector of St. Bridgets Church.
MexMPHIS, Tenn., December 5, 1878.
APPENDIX.
399
CONTRIBUTIONS.
Adrian, Mich
Atcliisou, Kansas .
Anderson, Incl.
liUCEIVED Tl-tROUGH.
.Tam"s J. Carev, Spc
Pvt. Uev. Albert Wolfe...
H. F. Brenan, Seo
|Kev. .lulm li. Crawli-y ....
Eiiw'd llanlim. Cor. Sec.
Patrii-I; llcvnolds, Sec...
It. O. Sullivan, Sec
"■ Illov, ]|. T. I'.radv
Austin, Tstlwn jPatriric (Icr i,i,'lity , Tr
Anot, I'a Uicliar.l I'nicell, Sec
Ashton, R. I...
AUentown, Pa
An.sonia, Conn
Akron, Oliiu Uev. P. M. Malioney<
Aurora, 111
As'er, Mas.s .'.
Alleghany City, Pa..
Appleton, Wis
Bristol, R. 1 .,
Baltimore, Md
Boston, Ma.ss,,
Bowlinpr Green, Ky,..
Brooklyn, N. Y
Ji. ]J.,N.Y.
Bridsewater, Mass
Butler, Pa
Blaekstone, Mass
Blossburiih. Pa
Buffalo, N. Y
Garrett Quin. V. P
Martin I. .T. Grillin
Key. M. Carroll, p^'i'
V. Rev. AU','. Bossonies.
Thos. J. McCann, Sec
Thos. Duffy, Tr
A. J, Beri;er, Sec
Rev, K. A. McGurk, S, J.
Most Rev. .Tas. (jibbons...
Rev. .las. N. Supple
Rev. Jas. McCuIIoul;!)
Uev. II. R. U'JJonnell
St. Patrick's Ben. Soc
Catholic Ben. Ir.sh Sue ,
Collected in ehiirch ,
Irish Ben. .Soc
Ctjllected IVoni coni^i e^iition..
St. .Joseph's 'J'. A. Soc
St. Patrick's Soc
P. M. ■]'. A. Soc
(_'ollectetl I'roni couirrei^ation.,
F. M. T. A. Soc
F. M. Soc
Sid>serihed bv sundry persons,
St. Vincent de Paid Brother'd,
Subscr'betl by sundry persons.
F. M. .Soc
F. M. T. A. and B. Soc ,
Irish Ben. .Soc ..
Tem]ieranre Soc
St. Patrick's T. A. B. Soc
XJxrox.
, 274,
22U,
i.c.n.u
Bridgeport, Conn.,,
Blairsville, Pa
Bloominj^ton, III..,.
Brand.vw.ne, D.M...,
Bordentovvn, N. J...
Barclay, Pa
B.iy City, Mi<di
Binilhainpton, N. V
Berir.irdsville, N. J...
Belle Creek, Minn.,..
B-'iison, Minn
Bangor, l\Ie
BruiiswicI;, Ga
Bellows Falls, Vt
Cairo, 111..
Champ'ii.'jn, 111..
Cleveland, Ohio..
VV. F. ivoticidjei ir, Pres..,
Rt. Rev, .loll II Loughlin.
Rev. S. Maloiie
Michael Cashiii, Rec.See.
H. .1. Per-, .1 r
H"V. W. A. Power
Micliael Kly, Pros
William Franklin, Pres.
John Shea. Rec. Sec
Timothy Cochrane
Patrick Kane. Tr
J. M. Harvey, Sec
P. F. Bell, V. P
John J loran, Pres
c
James ['osvell.Sec
John Sw.,'eiiy, Pres ,
Rev T. Kal'cer, I'astor....
M. C. Madden. Tr
UU4h Sherideii ,
Jas. O'Reilly, Pres ,
Rev. H. U. o'Donnell
Michael Crowley, Pres...
Rev. II. Schlenke
Henry B. Fitzsinunons,
Cor. Se.-.
D. J. Foley, Sec
St. Mary's T. A. B. Soc
St. Jehii Kv. Temp. .Sue
St. I',^naliiis B. .Soc
K.'olleetions
St. A u.£;ustine's T. A. & M.R.S,
ISt. Stenhen's T. A. iSoc
(.'athedral T. A. li. Sec
Sts. Pi'ier & Paul T. A. B. Soc,
F, ,M, X(i, ',; of St, James ,
St, ,Tanies Sneiet\'
F, M. No, -1. Sis. Peier & Paul
St. Josi^pii 's Ben. ,Soc
.St. J.'imi's' T. A. Soe
SIS. Peter and Paul Church...,
P. M. T. Soe
Proeeerls Festival Cath. Socs,
.St. Paul's T. A. Sue
C. T. A. So.-
F, i\r, T. A. & B. .Soe
.St. John Baptist B. .Sue
St. Joseph's T. A. B. Soe
F. M. Y. M. T. A. and B. Soc.
sts. SinuMi and Jude Ji. Soc,..
St. Patriek'sT. A. and B. Soc.
St. Joseph's B. Soc
Ilih. T. A. B. Soc
St. Patrick's T. A. and B. Soc
St. James' R. C. T. A. & B. S
St. Patrick's T. A. & B. Sue..,,
Chattanooga, Teiin...
Clarkesville, Tenn....
Clinton, lovvii
" Ma.ss .
Chester, Pa ,
Central Falls. R. 1.,
Cambridge, Mass....
Corry, Pa
Connellsville, Pa....
Charleston, .S. C
Columbus, Oh'.o
Ga
Cape Girardeau, Mo..
Centralia, Pa
Chicago, Ky
Patrick Lynch
John J. li'Estraiige
P. O'Brien, Pres
J. F. Gallagher
Rev. Wm. MeMahon
\Vm. J. Fitzgorald ,
R'-v. J. ICuhn
Rev. P. Ryan. Pastor
Rev. P. J. Gleasoii
James Furlong, Cor., Sec,
Rev. R. J. Patterson
J. Bradley, .See, per BI.
I. J. Grifliu
Wm. Fennel I
James iMulligan, Pres
Mich lel <,'orei>ran
Rev. R. H. O'Donnell
'2ii
James Carney, ,Sec
Chas. M illo.y
.las. F. Bedding, Pres
Sinnjii Fogartv,Tr
Rev. N. A. Gallagher
Louis Wells
Matt. O'Brien, Agt
Rev. J. W. Hickev. Pres.
Wm. J. Nash, Sec
Rev. K. Downey, jier W.
N. Webb
W. Neh. Webb
F. M. T. A. Soe
St. Malachv's T. A. & B. Soc,
SI. .lolin's C. T. A. & B. ,Soc...,
Catho'ie Ben. ,Soe
.St. Patrick's Soc ,
Knii
St. ]'l
Fnitr
.St. I
Km;
ICnU
hts F. M. C. T. A. Soc.
itrick's Ben. .Soc
'd .Sons of Erin
atriek's .Society
hts ,st. Joseph
hts of Krin .,
St, M
Holy
alachy's T. A. * M. B. S.
Family Church
R. C. T. A . Soc
Cash b.v express
•St. John's Church..
St. SliehaePs B. Soc
Im. Heart Soc
Sac. Heart T. A. Soc
St. Peter's T. Soc
St. Paul's T. A. B. Soc
F. M. Society of St. John's
St. Thomas' B. .Society
T. A. and B. .Soc
St. Joseph's T. A. and B. Soc.
frish \'oliinteers
St. P.uriid; 's Church
Y. M. C. Union
St. Jgnatius T. A. and B. Soc.
St. Francis Church
St. Fran,.'is C. T. A. Soc.
I.C.B.U
31 L!,
. i liii,' <
3S{> .,
C.T.
I.C
C.T.
A. t".
B. U.
A.U.
of A
of A,
of a\
■4S7,
tils.
C.T.
I.e.
■ A.U.
B.U ..
, C.T.A.U.ofA
No. 117. C.T.A.tT. of A,
" 40, 1.C.IS.U
No. 447, C.T.A.U.ofA
" 31)4,
No. 177, I.C B.U
No. 214. C.T.A.U.ofA
Collection ,
No. 244, I.C.B.U
Noi'w^ciT^A^ulof A,
" 4'2»,
NirSrarPc^Ru'"!.!!"!^
" 4'2ii, C.T.A.U.ofA,
" 5(!2.
" 3.-d, I.C.B.U
" 21.5, C.T. .A.U. of A.
" 58, I.C.B.U
No. '222, C.T.A.U.ofA
438,
No. 41(i
C.T.A.U.ofA
" IRH,
" '2S3. I.C.B.U
" 458, C.T.A.U.ofA
No. 243, I.C.B.U .
' 37,
' 3011, "
' 340,
' 2.55, "
No. 67, C.'T.A.U. of A,
No. 324, C.T.A.U.ofA,
No. 30, I.C.B.U
" 230. •■
" 307, C.T.A.U.ol A.
" 55U,
No. -203,1 C.B.U
354
1119, C.T.A.U.ofA.
No. G04, C.T.A.U.ofA.
No!"95!!"'"1311V.'!.'.V^;!
400
APPENDIX.
LOCATIOX.
Cilicago, 111..
Cohoes, N. T
Council Bluffs, Iowa..
Champaign, 111
Carletoa, N. B
Cuarlotte, Iowa
ConneRville, Ind.,
Camden, N. J
Dover, N. H
Danbnrv. Conn
Detroit.'Micli
Dennison, O
])e Pere, Wis
Denver, Col..
10..
D\ihiique. Iowa...
Drifton, Pa
Davenjiort, luwa .
Elmira, Pa
E'lenberg, Pa..
Erie, Pa
East .Saginaw. Mich.
10 ulham, low.i,
Essex Ferry, N. Y
pj. Cambridge, Mass.
El Paso, 111
Eilcador, Iowa
El.vria, Ohio
Evan.sville, Ind
Easton, Pa
Frankfort, K,v
Frostburg. Md
Fisherville. N. H.,.
Fairbiii-y, lU
Fond da Lac, Wis..
Fair Haven. Conn.
Fort Ellis, M. T
Fort Wayne, Ind....
Eeceived Through.
Very Tlev. J. D. Iliordan
per Bp. Feehan
John Carey, Sec
Kev. H. R. O'Donnell
Pat. Doyle
Officers and Persey
Patrick Lynch ,
Very Rev. T. Connolly.,
B. J. Monoghan, Sec ,
John Garrity
Martin I. J. Griffin
Daii'l D. Jrahoney. Pres.
John J. Stone. Pre.s
P. Blake
John Jordan, Sec
Dr. J. L. Cleary, Pres ,
A. Renonard. Cor. Sec
A. Mniii-ly, Jr
Dan. Iliordan, Pres
P. jM. Boyle, Sec,
Thos. A. Buckley, Pres...
J. P. Kerrigan, "per Bp.
Feehan
Rev. H. Flavin, per Bp.
Feehan
John N. Dolan, per Bp.
Feehan ,
John N. Doian, per Bp,
Feehan
Nicholas Baker, Tr
Rev. JI. Mullen
Florence Lynch, Sec
Rev. Thos. A. Casey
M. W. Madigan . Sec
John C. Regan
John Brenneck. Pres
Rev. H. R. O'Donnell
Patrick O'Conner
Rev. J. J. Quigley
John C. Wagner
Bug. McGrath, Fin. Sec
Honesdale, Pa
Huntington, W. Va...
Hopkinsville, Ky
Hancock. Md
Havre de Grace. Md.,
Houghton Co., Mich.
Hoosac Falls, N. Y....
Helena, M. T
Houston, Texas
Hudson, Ohio
Gloucester City, N.J.
Germantown, Pa
Grafton, W. Va
Greenville, Ohio B. Blattman, Sec
Galveston, Texas Rev. L. Glenn
Geneva, N. Y Very Rev. J. T. Winans.
M. P. Coyne, Cor. Sec
J. V. Werlander, Sec
B. Dinneen
D. T. Baiter, Sec
Rev. J. L. Barry, Pres
Michael Finnegan.
Rev. J.D.Waldran.O.S.A.
Terrenee O'Donnell, Pres.
R. A. Girand, Pres
Rev. P. H. O'Mara. per
Rev. Wm. McMahon...
Martin I.J. Griffin
T. A. Societies
K. I. P
Societies <:f tlie C. T. A. U ..
Yonn- MiMi's
St. Junl(.-s
All Saints
National
Holy Family
Sacred Heart
Catholic Y'oung Men's..
Less e.ipenses..
St. Bernard's T. A. B. Soc.
United Sons of Erin
Temp. Soc
T. C. T. A. B. S. of St. Mary':
of Deep Creek
St. Patrick's B. Soc
St. Joseph's B. Soc
Mary's C. T. A. Soc
Vin. de Paul T. A. B. Soc.
b. Ben. Soc
Patrick's Soc
A. and B. Soc
Joseph's C. T. A. B. Soc...
T. B. Soc
B. Soc
Anne's T. A. and B. Soc...
Patrick's B. Soc
St. Patrick's B. Soc
St. Mary's Church T. A. B. S
Hib. Ben. Soc
St. Margaret's T. A. Soc
P. M. T. A. Soc
Subscribed by Jones Bros..
I. A, B. A. Soc
St. Joseph's C. T. A. Soc
St. John's Society
F. M. T. A. Soc
C. T. A. Soc
St. Joseph's Ben Soc.
Cath. Hib. B. Soc
St. Bernard's B. Soc.
St. Joseph's C. B. Soc
St. Joseph's B. Soc
St. John's C. T. A. Soc .
R. L. Youns, Pastor ,
Daniel P. Cain, Sec ,
John C. Linehan, Sec
Rev. John A. Fanning...
A. A. Kelly, Pres
John J. Doohan, See
Sergt. T.Monaghan. V.P,
Rt.Rev. Bishop Dwenger.
Michael M. MuIIin, Sec. Y. M. C. B. Soc.
Michael Cavaiiagli St. Mary's Soc.
Robt. J. Foster St. Vin.'de Paul T. A. B. Soc
John L. He -Umer i Hib. Ben. Soc
Patrick's Ben. Soc
St. Patrick's Ben. Soc
St. Francis T. A. B. Soc .
St. Mary's Soc
Holmesburg, Pa....
Hartford, Conn
Indianapolis, Ind..
Daniel Smith, Cor. Sec..,
Rev. D. O'Donaghue
Very Rev. A. Bessonies,
Indianola, Te.xas H. Runge <fc Co
Ishpeniiig, Mich Edward McGinty
Irvington, N. V |Rev. P. J. Halzucker.
F. M. T. A. Soc ,
C. Aid Soc
Subscribed by sundry persons,
St. Peter's T. and B. Soc
St. John the Baptist Soc
F. M. T. A. and B. Soc
St. Patrick's C. B. T..A. Soc.
St. Joseph's T. A. B. Soc
St. Dominic's T. A. B. Soc...
St. Dominic's Ben. Sec
St. Peter's T. A. and B. Soc.
Subscribed b.v a member of
St. John's Church
St. Patrick's T. A. B. Soc.
Collections
Temperance Friends
St. Patrick's C. B. Soc
Pastor
$254 10
No. 50fi, C.T.A.r. of A,
No. 37, 1.C.B.U.
No. 44, 1.C.B.U.
" 263, ■'
546
55'.), C.T.A.U.Of A
1
3.53, 1.C.B.U
•22, C.T A.U.of A
No. !)8, 1.C.B.U
4.54, C.T.A.U. of A
" 103, 1.C.B.U
19,
No. 18, 1.C.B.U
" G30, C.T.A.U. Of A
No. '295, 1.C.B.U.
No.iB2riVc"B.'u'.'
No. 4.-)7, C.T.A.U. of A,
" 32(1,
" 2.51, LC.B.U
" 370, " ,
" 188, "
No. 22!), I.C.B.U
•' 270, "
" 210, C.T.A.U.Of A,
No. 340. C.T.A.U.Of A.
Seventh Infaiitiy
No. 314, I.C.B.U
" 33a, "
" 182, C.T.A.U. of A
" 228, I.C.B.U
" 343, " ,
No. 566, C.T.A.U. of A
" .3b7,I.C.B.U
No. 337, I.C.B.U..
" 319, "
No. .571
" 504, C.T.A.U. of A,
Na 191, C.T.A.U. of A
" 172, I.C.B.U
No. 318, C.T.A.U. of A.
No. 325, I.C.B.U
APPENDIX. 401
Received Tjirough.
Jersey City, N. J...
JoUet, 111
Jefferson vi He, Ind..
)a,ck3Jii, Teiin
ICeliyviUe, Pa..
Kingston, N. Y
Keeae, N. H
Kansas City, Mo .
Koliomo. Ind
JCnotisville, Ky.
Kent, Oliio
J>iuisville, Ky..
LaSii:o, III..
I.petonia, Oliio
J.,eavenwortli, ICan.sas
Lancaster, Peiiu..
iyi Kiiy, N. V
Lawrence, Mass...
L,oWill, Mas.5
Jxistant, III
i,y iicliiiurg, Va....
L, ifiyette, Ind..
J<?mant, 111..
Luicu.n, 111 .
]vronnt Savage, Md...,
Mjrns Hun, Pa ,
MartiiisDurgli.W. Vii
Med'a, Pa...
M Ibury Ma
M'Xlianoj' Plane, Pa..
Merideii, Conn
Mendota, 111,
ManajTmk, Pa .
Ma'islield Valle.v
jMn.scMtnie, Iowa
Moosic, Pa
Mt. Ciumel, Pa
Mystic Bridge, Cjnn.
Montgomery. Ala
SI ry.-iville K.y
Mciveesport, Pa
Moberly, Mo
Milwankee, Wis..
Massillon, Ohio
Manchester, N. H..
Minn 'apolis. Miss...
Mahanoy City, Pa
IMac tn, t?a
j\It. Vernf)n, Ohio
Mi .l(ll"to\vn, Oliio
Middletowil, Conn....
Memphis, Tenn
Miehigamme, Mich..
X3W York, If. Y ,
Michael Nevin, Pres..
Patrick McCabe
Peter CoUiiKS, Pres
Rev. F. Doyle..
II. D. Purnell...
Win. F. Deally, Sec
Jaines Jordan
Martin I. J. (Iriilin
Ira Morrell, .Sec
(.lornelius Sullivan.,
.lereniiah Dorva, Pres
Rev. James A. Dunn
Kev. Francis Ijordeiuaii
\V. Nell. Webb
C N, Jacq'ies, Sec.
W. Neh. \Ve,jb
R-^v. Farber T)emy
Hon. John W. Kearney..
Gran. W. .Smith
John Keiberg
riios. Rafter, .Sec
rhos. Cahill, Pres
A. Clarke, Pres
1-tev. James Reiliy
Kt. Rev.. Bishop Fink
D. A. Altrick
John Brown
.Mark Doherty
Kev. M. O'Brien, Pastor.
T. Drew
.1. M. McL uiglilin.Treas.
James Mcilnwan, ,Sec
Rev. M. C irriili, jier Very
Rev. Aug. Jlossonies...,
Garrett Flavin, Cor. .Sec.
E. Lynch, V. P
Jas.G. Smith. Sec
Wni. Ilavi'S, Sec
W. D. Sullivan, Sec
K. V. Little, Sec
Rev. H. L. Wright
P. H. Keefe, Sec
Rev. JJ. J. Dougherty
Wm. Wright, Pres
MIcliael Moroney. Pres.
John Kane, Pres
Dan Keel'e, Se:'
Patrick .1. Cnrran
M. F. Wilhere, V. P ,
Jos. McNamee, Sec
M. F. Wilhere
fas. Ford, Sec. and Treas.
Dennis Ryan, Pres
John King. .See
J. Malone, Sec
J. Fleming
.Mrs. A. O. Knap
Ustelle Club
Mi.s^ M:ir\' A. Simpson...
Mis^ Mc'llie stowe ,
Kev. John tJlorieux
Jos. A. Skelly, .Sec ,
Rev. J.as. Nolan, Pastor.
Wm. G'Leary, i'res
B. F. Cook, i'reas
H. L. Leahy, Sec.".'."'..'."'
P. A. Devi lie
Rev. James McGoirick.
Rev. H. R. O'Donnell ...
M. Lavelle, Pres
John Iiigails, Pres
S. .1. Brent. Sec
Martin I. ,1. Griffin
John Barrett
James Reilly
Tom Keel.v
Nicholas King, Sec
Michael O'Keeffe. Treas.
Alex. Patton
Rev.J.W. Larkin. Pastor
Philip Meredith, Sec
St. Bridget's T. A. B. Soc.
St. Micliael's T. A. B. Soc.
F. M. T. A. and B. Soc
St. Patrick's B. Soc
.St. Augustine's J!. Soc
Colled ions
Cath. M. B. Soc
St. Charles T. A. B. Soc ,
St. Mary's B. Soc
St. Mary s B. Soc
St. Joseph's T. A. and B. Soc,
.St. BeriKird's T. A. Soc
1. C. B. Soc
Collections
F. IM. T. A. and B. Soc
.St. Lawrence C. T. A. .Soc
.St. Lawrence C. 'P. A. Soc
.St. Vincent de Paul .Soc
Uxiox.
No. ,'5:!,C.T.A.t:.orA
" li-i] I.C.B.U
No. :iU7, I.C.B.U.
.C.T.A.U.
, I.C.B.U. .
JI-,
C.T.A.U.
I.C.B.i;...
St. Patrick's T. A. Soc
St. AlplioiLSUS T. A.. Soc ,
St. Francis T. A. .Soc ,
Collections per W. N. Webb.,
Per \V. N. Webb
,st. Cecelia's B. .soc ,
St. Patrick's Ben. Soc
St. Patrick's T. A. B. Soc,
St. Patrick's .Soc ,
St. Bernard's Ben. .Soc
St. Patrick's .Soc
St. Marj''s Ass'n of Prayer.
St. Patrick's Church
F. M. T. Soc ,
St. J. B. Soc ,
St. Patrick's B. Soc
St. Michael's T. A. B. Soc...
F. M. T. A. Soc
St. Patrick's B. Soc
St. Joseph '.s T. A. B. ,Soc ;.,
St. Patrick's .Soc ,
iSt. Joseph's Soc ,
F. M. T. A. and B. Soc.
St. Patrick's T. A. B. Soc
St. Rose's T. A. B. .Soc
Sulisciibed liy suiidr.v persons.
.St. Patrick's M. R. .Soc
I. C. B. Soc
I. C. B. Soc
St. John Baptist T. A. B. Soc.
St. Patrick's .Soc
St. Patrick's B. ,Soc
Rev. David Muiholland,Soc...
Catii. Mut. Aid Soc
St. Mary's T. A. .Soc ,
St. Mary's R. C. B. Soc
St. Patrick's T. A. B. Soc
Proceeds Raffle Lady's Scarf
Party
Cake RalUe
" Pin-cushion RalHe.,
Congregation
St. Joseph's Ben. .Soc
Irish Catholic Ben.. Soc
1. Catholics
Hiliernian B. .Soc
St. Patrick's I. C. B. .Soc ,
St. Jno. C. T. A. * M. R. .Soc...
St. Paul's C. T. A. Soc
T. A. Soc
Father Matliew Soc
.St. Joseph's T. A. Soc
St. Vincent de Paul B. .See
St. Vincent de Paul B.Soc
St. Patrick's B. Soc
Hibernian Aid Soc
Irish Brigade Officer's Ass'n..
Transfiguration R. C.T.A.B..S.
Temp. .Soc. Ch, Holy Innoc...
St. Michael's K. C. 'i'. A. B. S.
..(Ill
l'.)7
C.T.A.C.
I.C.B.U...,
No. COfi.C.T.A.U.of A
'■ -liH,
No. :iOS, I.C.B.U.
" UOl,
No.lll, I.C.B.U
" 5117, C.T.A.U. of A
No. •iifi, I.C.B.U ,
No. .54!), C.T.A.U. of A
" 1-10,
No.Stl, I,
•• -IW, C,
" 371,1.
" ]!)7,
,C.B.U
■ T.A.U.of A
C.B.U
No. !IU, C.
" i3;!l.
No. i:W, I.C.B.U....
Wli),
:iK;i, c
)y7, I,
,T.A.U. of A
C.B.U...;
No. li)7, I.C.B.U ,
" Kli), "
Nc'iii'i^'ix''BA\"!!r"
'• .'j.'jU, C.T.A.I'. of A,
" '314, I.C.B.U
" -!;i5, C.T.A.U. of A
No. :«». I.C.B.U
No.IKO, I.C.B.U
•' 2.'jli, "
II 5i;7, CT.A.U. of -A.
" 417]
" 4I.S,
" It!.
" ;!:«, I.C.B.U
" SII4, "
" an, "
No. 36.5, I.C.B.U..
No. 1, C.T.A.U. of A
N 'o. ' lit),' 'c.''r .'a'.' 'u.' 'of a
S'20 (10
(i.l UU
■25 UU
■^^ UU
■Si m
lUU UU
li3 OU
K 00
i:i 00
2 1^
30 (lU
4U 00
.50 00
lUU 20
7 (iU
7.) 02
i:i 12
•2.5 00
12 (10
14 b-i
1 00
14 35
5 00
2.5 00
47 00
25 00
00 00
25 0 ,)
til 00
15 5)
50 OL)
15 OU
25 00
2l)(i 75
t5 OJ
■2U 00
50 00
15 O:)
10 OJ
21 45
10 ClO
5 OJ
5 10
5 OJ
35 00
2.5 OU
.56 00
12 OO
10 00
10 '25
15 OJ
2(i 50
25 00
32 00
25 00
25 OJ
50 00
25 00
10 01
2.5 to
10 00
10 (iO
10 00
21 ,50
2:i 00
a 05
3 55
144 50
20 00
5 00
77 00
.50 00
OJ 01
2j 00
211 70
20 00
20 OJ
25 00
07 .50
10 (.0
20 110
25 00
2 5.)
10 0)
25 00
10 (111
25 00
.50 (.0
5 10
100 OJ
3U 55
:0 50
402
APPENDIX.
New York, N. Y.
Nashville, Teiin.,
N.Hampton Jun,,N.J
Niisliua. N. II
Niitio;iul Brilil.Holiie
Dayton, Oliio ,
NortliiimptiMi, Mass..
Nth.Bl■Ol■kli(•hl..^rHss.
New Bethleliuii], i'u..,
Norwood, Mass
Neg luiiee, Mich
New Castle, Del
New London, Conn....
N.?warlc, N. J
Ohio
Noi'tli Adams, IMa^is,.
N-vv AM V, Iml
NMi-i'.i.k.
New lla\e]i. Ky
Nei.son Co., Ky ,
Natchez, Miss..
Oconto, Wis ...
Ottawa, 111
Orange, N. .T
Owrii-li,.r... Kv
Oil cm-, I'a...;
OcoiHmi()\viK*, Wis..
0.5hku.sh, Wis
Pliiladelphia, Pa..
Pittsburg, Pa..
Providence, R. I
Pa
Kkceived Through.
Ver.v Rev. T. C. Preston
8t. Vincent de Panl Hoc
througli Bp. Feelian ..
Kt. Kev. P. A. Keehan..
J. J. O'Korke, «ec
Ch. Power, Pres
.John Kerr. .Sec
P. J. O'Snlli van, Rec.Sec.
.John II. ^5ullivaii, Sec
John Kusk, Tr
Kev. B. IVIagiveny
M. .J. Fahy
Nicholas McLaughlin, I'r
Ale.v. McGee
Walter Fitzmaorice
Timothy Sngure,Cor..'5ec.
Rev. Jos. M. Flyiin
Rev. John MeJienna
.lohn McCarthy
(.'. P. Manning, Sec
John Byrne, See
.1. C. Carroll
Kev. A. Viala
Rev. I'^ilher Demy, per
VV. N. Webb
Britton Kormtz
St. Patrick's B. Soc
C. T. A.Soo
Star of the Sea T. A. B. Soc...
St. John's B. Soc
St. Patrick's Cathedral
St. John's Church
Citizens' Eeliel Fund..
F. M. T. A. Soc
St. Patrick's B. Soc
St. Catherine s T.A.B.S. itC.
St. Vincent's Church
J. A. D. Levy. Pres....
M. H. Crowley, I'res..
Anonynions
.A. Maiilvini, Pres
T. S. ^Mciininn. Pres
Wni. li.. Jninessv, Sec
Kev. Jas. O'Malley
•' " " Pres,
Martin I. J. Griffin.,
Most Rev.Arclib'pWood.
Michael Hughes, Pres....
Philip Heiienerry, Pies..
James Mrliaii, Tr
C. Jas. D ai-v, Pres
Jas. C. H issi'tt, Pres ,
Danl. Uallagher, Flu. Sec.
Philip McManus
Thos. Cireeiie, Sec
And. J. Springer
V. «
A. Westenberg, perM. I
J. Griffin
F. J. Liebherr
Bernard J. Brady
I^atrick Gallagher
Martin Foley, Pres
Jas. T. Taban.v
M. A. Byrne. Tr
J. D. Scully
Wm. McLauglilin. Sec...
Rev. A. A. Larabig
Patrick Bosder
Miss Ellen Helferiia
Anonymous
Rev. c. Hughes, Pastor...
David P. Roche
Society.
Subscribed by a lady..
L'xioiN-.
Amt,
f25 00
1
1!
Contribntioiis,
St. Joseph's T.
Hiheriiiaii ."-^oc
F. M. T. A. and B. Soc,
St. Mary's Soc
(_'.T.A.r. of A
'.I, J.e'.B.U
Hibernian B. Soc
F. M. T. A. and B. Soc
American Soc. of Hibernians.
T. A. B. .Soc
. 3-5J, T.c.u.r"
5;is,( .i.A.r.ofA.
a'i.s. M '.i;.!
50'.), C. J .A.U.of A.
mo.i.c.B.r..
j'.;4, " ,
618, C.T.A.T'.ofA,
24.5, I.e. B.U
. .5+J, ( .T.A.U.of A.
Ko, J.C.li.U
St. John's C. T. A. & B. Soc .
F. M. T. A. Soc
St. John's T. A. Soc
St. Stephen's T. A. Soc
St. Joseph s T. Soc
St. Jerome T. A. and B. Soc.
St. Peter's Church
.St. Peter's T. A. Soc
, 394, C.T.A.TJ.ofA
173,
. .i77, C.T.A.U.Of A
270,
260,
No. 26.5, C.T.A.i:. of A.
No. 131,IC.B.r
No. 1C4, I.C.B.U
I.C.B.U
No. 130, I.C.B.U.
No. 303, I.C.B.U
" 90,
" 155, "
No. 3.55, l.C B.U ,
" 485, C.T.A.U.ol'A,
234, I.C.B.U ...
Daniel Carroll B. Soc
Father Barbel in B. Soc
St. Elizabeth B. .Soc
Father Marli Crane B. Soc...
Contribution
.St. Agnes Female B. Soc
A member of the
Bishop Wood B. Soc
Our Lady of Loiiides B. Soc,
St. Edward's B. Soc-
National Cathoiic B. St'C
Phila. Nat. Catliolic B. Soc...
Kensington Calh. Soc
Phila. Citizens' lieilef Com...
St. Cecelia's Ben. Soc
St. Michael's T. A. B. Soc
Kev. Thomas Fox Ben. Soc
Falls of Schuylkill
Delegates to Worcester I. C
B. U. Convention
Very Rev. Kd. MciNIalion B.S,
John Lee Carroll B. .-^oc
Waterman'.s B. Soc
Father Burke B. Soc
An ho shop Cuiri.ll B Soc
Arrlib.shop Macllale B. Soc,
Jas. 11. Iliiwl. v J<. .Soc ,
Pins IX. B. Soc
St. iloiiica Fenr. B. Soc
ContiibiUK) ns
Im. Con. T. H. B. Soc
St. Charles T. A. Soc
Sac Heart T. A. B. Soc
St. Cecelia's T. A. B. Soc
St. Philip Neri T. A. B. Soc... No. 273. C.T.A.U. of A
St. Paul's T. A. B. Soc
St. Paul's Pioneer Corps
JCeystone M. and F. B. Soc,
Dr. Moriarity B. Soc
A nnuiiciation C. T. A. Soc,
No. 31=0, I.C.B.U
No. 217, I.C.B.U .
" '240,
" K64,
" 313,
" 2G0, "
No. ■!■£), C.T.A.U. of A.
•• 1S9,
Ancient O. Hib., Div. No. 1....
Ancient O. Hib., Div. No. 7....
T. A. and B. Soc
St. Agnes f . A. and B. Soc
F.merald B. Soc
Pitlsiiurg Belief Committee...
St. Bridget's T. A . and B. soc.
Brother'd of St. Mary of Con.
Sts. Peter <fi Paul Conference.
144,
No. 1-20, I.C.B.U
No. 36S, C.T.A.U.Of A,
No. 302. C.T.A.U. of A,
•• rj;i. I.C.B.U
" 107, C.T.A.U.Of A
St. Patrick's Church
St. Thaddcus F. M. T. A. B. S. ,No. 02, C.T.A. U. of A
4:'.!lli 75
10(1 (10
IIIO 00
10 00
25 00
inn 00
15 00
10 00
74 3o
27 00
10 00
30 53
51) till
1.511 00
bO 00
Kl 50
100 1.0
10 00
50 00
31 00
57 00
T 60
35 00
50 00
20 00
10 00
50 00
8 CO
26 CO
40 00
20 00
15 01)
50 00
50 CO
31 00
50 00
4 00
50 00
10 00
75 CO
10 00
100 00
100 CO
165 00
25 00
1700 00
50 00
100 00
50 00
40 CO
25 00
20 00
73 00
35 00
71 25
10 00
011 00
60 00
50 00
1700 00
.50 00
50 00
25 00
17 no
29 00
68 00
20 00
25 00
32 00
10 00
20 00
2 00
10 no
50 00
30 00
10 00
100 00
3'JO (10
37 00
35 50
25 00
]0 00
5 00
12 (10
20 CO
APPEXDIX.
403
LOCATIOM.
Pittsfield, Mass
Patterson, N. J
PawtiicUet. R. i. ..
Portland, Or..
Port Deposit, Md.,
Plj-.enix ville, Pa..
}'eiersburg, Vu
plattsbiirg. Mo
Peoria, 111
Plainfield, N. J....
Poiifflikeepsie, N.'Y..
Paris, Ky
Pulas'.vi, Teim
Plynioiuli, Pa
PiUston, Pa
Piqua, Oliio
Parkersliura, W. Va-
Port Hndsoii, Mich...
Portsraoutli, Va
Quincy, Mass ....
Ripon, Wis
Penova, Pa
Kiclimoud, Va..
Eocliester, N . "\ .
Rusliville, Ir.d...
Ravenna, Ohiu..
Rock Island, 111.
Kockville, Cor.n,
Raleigh. N. C
St. Louis. Mo ,
St. Paul, Minn.
Spri n^field,0iiic'.
111....
Mass:
Shelbvville, ' \
St. John's N. n
St. Joseph, Mo
Se.vmour, Ind
Stemptoii, I'a
Staunton, Va
Stamford. Conn
Sonthin'^ton, Conn....
S<im h lu nd, Ind
SedUla, Mo.
Senecii Falls. N. Y
Stillwater, Minn
South Beth'.ehem, Pa.
Stevens' Poi;;t, Wis...
Stockton, Ccl
Salmon Fai;,;, N. II..
Scranton. I*a
Sajita Crnz, Cal
.San Franc;-,co,Cal..
Salem, N.J
Shar(m, P.a
Swartlimor'^, Fa. ...
Savanah, Ga
Summit, N. J
Received Through.
Rich. V. Walsh .
Ja'ue.i O'Brien
Kdward McCaugney.
ilev. P. H. Keniun
B -rnard ('Os; n, Tr
Kev. A. (i. (jlorieu.Y ..
Thos. E. Duke, Se?
Henrv McUuckin
Kev. Thos. J. Wilson
J. \V. O'Connor, Pres
Rev. M. Hurley, Pastor.
Patrick Keel,\', l*i'es
.1. \V. INIo.vnih m. Pies...
R3V. Jas. 'Milan
Jas. Flannigan. Pres
.1. D. Lewis, Pres
B. O'Keefe. Cor. Sec
John A. Collier, Pres
P. Flaherty, Sec
Verv Kev. P. Hannart,
per Bp Feehan.
Rev. Thos. J. Brady, per
Bp. Feehan
Rev. F. A. Zignslicker...
R. .1. Keenan, Sec
II. J. Connor, Sec
.\.M. Kelly, Pres.I.C.B.L
Ut. Rev. .lohn J. Keane.
Thomas Co.x, Pres
Daniel Haiinigan
Rev. M. Magher
Thus. Howe, Pres
Patrick Lenagli, Sec
M. J. Curran
Rev. J. D. Bowles..
St. Patrick's Soc
St. Patrick's B. Soc...
St. John's T. Soc
St. Patrick's C. T. A. B. Soc...
.St. Jose])h's B. Soc
St. Patrick's B. Soc
Im. Concejition T. A. Soc
Subscribed by sundry per.son.s.
Thomas Devine, Sec...
■lolin B. Davis, Sec
J. P. Hayes, Pres
Rev. John J. Hennessy..
B^nz ger Bros
Ki\. (.iniiilaii, Pres
111. Rev. P. J. Rvan
K. K. Brennan. Fin. .Sec.
James O'JS'eil, Pres
Rt. Rev. Thos. Grace
Rev. J. Shanley
W. H.Sidley .
James M. Burke, Tr
Dim. Hallahan, Pi'es
Rev. Clias. E. Burke
U'm. Cotter, ,Sec
Martin 1. J. Griffin
Pat O'Connor, uer M. I.J.
Griffin :.
R. II. Koclie'iter
Ut. Itev. ]'.ishop Hogan.
Jiilin .1. shiel, Pres
riiunias Qum, Se^*
Manin I. J. Gr.ffin
I). Crimmens, Rec. Sec...
W'm. H. Rogers
Maurice Cronin, Cor. Sec.
L. <.. Tom;. Pres
lid. Hurley, Pres
John MoBride
J. F. Burke
John M. Enright, Sec...
Malt. Collins, Sec
Wells, Fargo & Co
Jas. DIneen,See.. pei' Bp.
Feehiin
Hugh < 'Moningham
1". M. Walsh, Rec. Sec...
Rev. J. Adams
Martin O'Brirn, Sec
Rev. James McRei nan...
Wm. McNallv. Cor. See.
Thos. J. Dolph n. I'res...
Wm. Hussey. I'res
Rev. J. A. V'assalo
St. Joseph's C. XJ '
F. M. T. A. Soc No. ."jllj. C.T.A.U.ot A.
SI. Patrick's 'P. A. B. Soc •' II,
F. M. T. A. B. Soc " 'iir,
S. Joseph's T. A. and B. Soc. " -iiV. " "
St. JIary'sT. A. and B. Soc... No. C.T.A.U.of'A.
F. M. T. A. and B. Soc "
St. Joseph's B. .Soc No. Mfi, I.C
.St. IMary and St. Joseph SociNos. r.:B.(;l
.St. Joseph's C. B. Soc No. "IW.LC,
•St. Mary's C. 'J'. A. Soc
St. Patrick's Church .
A. O. llib., Div. No. 4
St. IMary 's C. T. A. & B. Soc... No. :ai, C.'l
St. Peter's 'J'. A. B. Soc i •• («,
St. Patrick's B. Soc " 25i), I.C,
.r. J. .Sullivan
•St. Vincent T. A. B. Soc [No. »i, c'.T
F. M. Soc
St. Patrick's B. Soc ,
St. Patrick's M. R. .Soc ,
B.U ..
W.LC.
B.l ..
St. I'eter's T. A. B. Soe...
Catholic Ben, Soc
C. T. A. and B. Soc
Collected I'rom ciingregation.
St. Patrick's B. Soc
F. M. T. A. B. ,Soc
St. John's B. .Soc
Im. Concep. T. A. B. .Soc. of
Iron Mountain
Hibernian B. .Soc
KiVigiits R Mi"i!"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
IJ. C. .St. Vincent de Paul Soc,
F. M, T. A. So"
Cathedral B. Soc ,
Friendly .Sons Soc ,
Knights of St. Patrick..
Y7M!Hii)!'soc!:!!!!!!!!Z!'
F. JI. T. A. B. Soc
Temp. .Soc, .Sac. Heart.,
Cath. M. A. Soc
St. Malachy 's T. A. R. Soc
St. vVmhrose B. Soc
Workingmen's B. Soc
C. Hibernian B. Soc
St. Patrick's T. A. Soc
St. Thomas' T. A. B. Soo
SI. Joseph's T. A. B. .Soc
I 'atholic B. Soc
F. M. T. A. Soc
F. M. T. A. Soc
Crusaders' Soc
Catholic Ben. Soc
St. Mary's T. Soc!
Irish Am. B. Soc
St. John's T. A. Soc
M II V ( 1 S. 1 S )(
F. M. '1'. A. B. Soc
ir. It. A. Soc
Congreg ition
St. Joseph's I'. A. B. & L. Soc.
St. Mary's Church
F. M . 'I'. A . <fe B. So -
1 M H s, (
SI. I'air.ck's T. A. B. Soc
C. T. A. Soc
:i. I.C
_A.U.(
B.U...
.A.u'.'i
B.U...
No. 192. 1.C.B.U
" (i'20, C.T.A.U.ofA.
" eif),
" r27, LC.B.U
?18,S .>)
22 IIIJ
5U (III
.511 nil
2.5 (Kl
II) (HI
115 111!
11 10 110
47 -2.5
•2S I JO
;ii 7.5
.52 110
20 IIU
25 110
25 (10
25 ( (1
•il 0.1
25 0(1
111 IIU
25 (ID
1011 OO
■25 00
10 0(1
No. ]51,C.T.A.U.of A.
•■ 132,
No. 3-21, l.C.B.U
" '175, C.T.A.U.Ot'A.
No. 2S1, l.C.B.U
" •2H, C.T.A.U.of A.
" 301, l.C.B.U
No. 3()8. l.C.B.U
No. 71.LC.B.U
No. 120. C.T.A.U.of A,
No. 12. l.C.B.U.
" 374.
lNo. 13. I.t.'.B.U .
No ij- I t I I
No. 314. l.C.B.U
" 1(.3, " ,
" 1(3, " ,
" ."ill. C.T.A.U. of A.
" 444.
.. 4,15^
No. '222, l.C.B.U
'■ mill, "
" 031. C.T.A.U.ot A.
" 578,
" il3. I.C.B.tT
" 250, C.T A.U. of A.
No. ■5,Mi, C.T.A.U.of A.
" 170,
" •27-2. I.C.I5.U
No.'2Sli.('.T.A.U.of A,
No. 251.(.'.T.A.U.of A.
No. II. C.T.A.U. of A..
404
APPENDIX.
Trenton, J^. J
Toledo, Ohio
Topelca, Kansas,
TeiTe H.iute, Ind
T;ffi;i, Ohio '.'.'1'
Tiiuiicoa, Muss
TiiadeliJh'.a, \v'.' vii!."
Urbana, Ohio
VIneennes, Ind
Worcester, Mass
Wilmington, Del
Westernport, Md
AVilkesbarre, Va
Williamsport, Pa
Waltbam, Mass
Wnitewater, Wis
- Winona, Minn
Wenona, 111
AVilliniantic, Conn...
West (iuincy, Ma.ss...
West Chester, Pa
West Winstead,Conn.
Wabash, Ind
Woonsaclcet, li. I
AVhiteville, Ky
Washington, D. C
West Troy, N. Y
W js t Broolcfield ,M,.iss
Xenia, Ohio
Yoiingstown, Ohio....
Yonkers, N. Y
York, Pa
Zanesville, Ohio
Kkceived Through:.
Rev. James Curran
ci. JJ. Johnson, Sec
K. D. Lane, Sec
O. V. Lana
Kev. J. O'Keiley
Rev.Pat.O'Brieji, Piistor
Michael Keely, Pres
Dan. Lynch, Pres
Frank Kellar, Sec
Kev. K. J. Sheridan...
U ivid Mahoney
John Rinkers, Pres...
J. C. Edmondson, Pres...
Rt. Rev. Bp. Chatard, per
Very Rev. A.Bessonies.
T. H. Mnrphy, Pres
Kev. T. J. Cun.ity
Rev. Thomas Griffln....,
Very Kev. P. Reilly ,
P. P McOullough, Pres.,
Rev. D. C. DeWulf
John O'Donnel, Sec
Martin F. Krowan, Tr.
C. Callahan, Sec
M. J. O'Brien, Sec
Mrs. C. M. T
ilaraes Casserly, Sec
James O'Brien, Sec
Rev. J. B. Cotter
Denis O'Connor, Sec
James E. Manery
W'm. F. .Shea, Pres
N. S. Bnwen, Pres
D. Ma.xwell
Rev. E. C. We.chman.
Rev. P. O'Keilly, Sec
It. p. Hownrd
Corneliu.j Ryan
P. McCallen, Pres
Rev. H. R. U'Donnell....
Rev. Thos. Blake
Thos. P. Coyne, Sec
Rev. D. Mears, Pastor..
Cornelins Coghlen ..,
John Mayer, Pres ,
Thos. S. McCorniick St. Thomas' B. A. Soc .
James F. Rvan, Tr St. Patrick's B. Soc
•■ "■' '• IF. M. T. A.Soc
St. .John's Church
Ketl Stocking As-serably.,
V. M. League C. T. A
>'o. -iW.C.T.A.U.ofA.
.St. Vijicent de Paul Soc
Collection
Catholic B. Soc
Hibernian C. B. Sue
.St. Joseph's Soc
Knights F. M
St. Patrick's T. A. and B. .Sue.
Contribution
Catholic Ben. .soc
St. Mary's Y. A. B. Soc...
United Sons of Hib. Soc.
r. C. B. Soc
F. M. T. Soc
St. John's Chuich
Citizens' Relief Committee.
St. Mary's B. Soc ,
St. Peter's B. Soc
St. Michael's B. Soc ,
St. Pet( r's T. A. B. Soc
F. M. Y. M. Soc
F. M. T. A. B. Soc
M. C. T. A. Soc.
Patrick's B. Soc.
St. Patrick's C. T. A. Soc
F. M. T. A. Soc
St. Thomas' Church
F. M. T. A. Soc
St. Joseph's T. Soc
St. Marv s C. T. A. & M. K. S,
Agnes' T. A. B. .Soc
P., XI. a:, St. P. T. A. & B. S,
M. T. A. Soc
. Mary's T. A. Soc
ibernian Pen. Soc
. P. F. M. T. A. B. Soc
A. B. Soc
St. Anne's T. A. Soc
St. Columba's Church...
Im. Concep. T. A. Soc.
i<o. ZliU, I.C.B.U
" 2IJ, "
" 421, C.T.A.U. of A,
Ho. a-iU, C.T.A.U. of A
No. ISO.I.C.B.V
" 333, ••
No. 9, I.C.B.U.
No. 114, I.C.B.U
" 37, C.T.A.U. of A.
No. -28, I.C.B.U.
" 21),
No. 595, C.T.A.U. of A,
'• 588,
■' 1.37, "
" 1311,
" 284, I.C.B.U
No. 382, C.T.A.U. of A,
" 128,
No. 3-53, C.T.A.U. of A,
■' '27,
No.'i'uf 'c'.T.'irtrof a!
No. 585, C.T. A .U. of A.
" 497,
No. 63, I.C.B.U ,
" 327, C.T.A.U. of A.
No. 6, C.T.A.U. of A
No. 1U2, C.T.A.U. ol A,
100, I.C.B.U
No. 52, I.C.B.U
No. 14, "
387, C.T.A.U. of A.
CLOTHING, ETC.
Location.
Atlanta, (Ja
Cleveland. (Jliii)
Caoulen, N. .1
In lianapolis, Ind
New X.,ondon, Conn..
Philadelphia, Pa
Padncah. Kv
Siiring.ield, Ohio..
W'ilmi.^gion, Del.,
John Ryan .
J. F. Galla;;her
s sters. per M. I. J. Gr.ffin
Very Rev. Aug. Bessoiiies..
. Martin I. J. G; ITtn
Jns. C irroll. per M. L J. Griffin
Meyers & Co
Frank J. L;ebh"i'r".V^^/^^^"^.'.'.V.'.V.7^.V^.l^^.
Martin I. J. Griffin ,
Mrs. Kockaf.^ller. per W. I. J. (ir.ffiii
Father Kelly's mother, pf r M. I. J. (4i'iffin,.
iMrs, J. R. McKenna. per M. I. J. Griffin
iPer Rev. Fr. Feeh iu, O. C. C
John Brennan
.'St. Peter's Fein. B. Soc, oe ' J. J. Smith.
1 Bo.x Clothing.
] Box Blankets, etc.
Sundries.
1 Box Comforters.
1 Box Sundries.
1 Trunk Clothing.
1 Overcoat.
1 Box Medicine.
1 Pai-kime >lei chandlse.
1 Ki'-; l)i'lei;;o)it.
1 Kotlle Modiriue.
1 Box lilankets.
1 Bii.N Clotlrug.
1 Box ( 'lotliiiig.
Clothin'.'.
Clothing.
1 Box Prov's'ons.
1 Box Sundrie-.
2 Boxes Clothing.
APPENDIX.
405
REPORTS OF OTHER ORGANIZATIONS.
The following embraces the reports of the religions societies, beneficiary orders,
and individuals who cooperated with the Howard Association and the Citizens' Relief
Committee, in attending to and providing for the sick and the needy during the epi-
demic of 1878, in Memphis and the vicinity :
REPORT OF MEMPHIS MASONIC RELIEF BOARD.
Memphis, Tenn., Nov. 6, 1878.
To (he President and Memhern of the Masonic Board of Rdicf of 3IciiipJiis :
Brethren, — I submit herewith a brief and condensed report of the action of the
Board of Belief, during the terrible epidemic of yellow fever through which we have
just jJassed. I regret exceedingly that my private business had been so pressing as to
prevent my making a more lengtiiy report, detailing tlie work of each day or week, and
making mention of the noble martyrs who s(3 heroically yielded their lives upon the al-
tar of humanity. But as I anticipate this will be done by an abler pen than mine, I
ask from you a charitable indulgence and consideration for this. We are greatly in-
debted to Brother .John D. Huhn, W. M., of Park Avenue Lodge, for compiling the list
of those who came under the care and supervision of the Belief Board, which makes
the greater part of this report. Fraternally and respectfully,
John W. Waynesburg, Acting Secnianj.
Memphis, Tenn., Nov. 3, 1878.
Brethren, — Appended is a list of eases of yellow fever which came under tHe su-
pervision of the Masonic Relief Boanl of Memphis, Tennessee. Summarizing the same,
we find that the fever struck the families of 120 brethren, classed as follows :
AfKliated in city of jNIemphis 91 .
AfJiliated elsewhere 14
Kon-afiiliates 15
Total 120
Total number of cases 317
Total number of deaths 136
Total number of recoveries 181
317
M. M. affiliated dead 47
M. M. non-aihliatcs dead 11
F. C 3
Total 61
Although this list has been comiiiled from the l.)ooks and papers o? the Relief
Board with great care, it can not be considered as absolutely accurate. Nor will it be
wondered at that errors should creep into the record, when it is remembered that three
times the force of the brethren on duty were changed — death and sickness making vacan-
cies, which were filled by new and inex]ierienced brethren. Of those connected more
or less intimately with the duties of the Board, nine were forced to suspend their work
by yellow fever; and of the nine, five brethren were called from labor by the Grand Mas-
ter of all, and now rest in Elm wood. The list gives but an incomplete view of the work
of the Board. .VlUicted families were sui)plied with food, or with means of removing
their desolate and mourning living beyond the reach of contagion. Nurses in actual
406
APPENDIX.
employ were stricken at their posts and were cared for as Masons, althougli not belong-
ing to the order. In some instances whole families were down at the same time, and not
only was it necessary to furnish physicians and nurses, but a brother had to be placed
in charge, and the necessary servants and supplies furnished to sustain the familv which
had tlius, througli the dispensation of Providence, found their quiet home transformed
into a pest hospital. Nor does the list give accurately the actual Masonic deatli-loss of
our city. Many ^Masons lied, with their families, to places of fancied security, into the
country and to stations along our lines of railway, and many of these were there
stricken with the fever and died beyond our purview. Some brethren remaining in the
city were ill, and were nursed by their families, or by others, without our knowledge.
Only the detailed reports of several lodges can give the actual loss to our fraternity.
The malignancy of the epidemic of 1878 is plainly shown by this record. One-half the
cases resulted in death ; and this despite the best care and attention that relatives and
trained skill of experienced nurses, supervised closely by the fraternity, could give.
BRETHREN AIDED BY RELIEF BOARD, 1878.
SOUTH MEMPHIS LODGE, 118.
G. Saleu, self and child
.1. B. Campbell, self and wife
A. J. Wheeler, P. G. M., P. G. H. P., etc., self and wife
Wm. W. White, self
Fred. Brennan, self
J. Fenwick, wife and four children
.J. Harvey Mathes, self and wife
John Fritz, self, wife, and one child
S. F. Walker, S. W., self
W. S. Matthews, P. M., .self
Theodore Hoist, self
R, B. Clark, self
.J. T. Bourne, child
John A. Holt, self
B. K. PuUen, wife
S. M. Jo be, self
J. M. Peabody, self
John Rosser, self
J. P. Trezevant, self
ANGEROXA LODGE, 168
.John Z?nt, ward, Emma IVFadox
A. L. Kimbro, nephew, sister-in-law, and family
Thos. E. Norvell, self and wife
Gus. R;der, self
.J. W. Heath, self, wife, and daughter
J. B. Cook, self
J. C. Zehring, self, wife, and child
Jos. Specht,. self
J. W. Anderson, self and child
McNeal, self, wife, and four children
J. J. Lovin, self
M. .Jones, self and five children
S. Foltz, self
John A. Roush, F. C.,self
C. W. Mosbv, mother and three children
Wm. McElrov, self
14
1
1
2
4
(i
2
2
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
i
2
o
1
1
1
1
2
4
2
6
1
1
6
6
1
1
1
1
4
4
1
1
18
22
40
APPENDIX.
407
LEILA SCOTT LODGE, 289.
NAMES.
A. S. Myers, W. M., self, wife, and live children.
IT. Lemon, four children
Thos. Donnelly, self and two children
Robert Nicholson, self
H. G. vSalzeiger, one child
.lolin Edwards, self, wife, and four children
^lartin Eyke, self and wife
Win. Calhonn, self, wife, and one eliild
Geo. H. Ilolst, Treas., self
H. 8. Kins, ^elf
.John L. Eichhurg, self, wife, and two children ....
.J. N. Keef, self
11. W. Mitchell, self and wife
M. Bloonilield, self
W. J. Hunt, E. C, self
DE SOTO LODGE, 299.
E. R T. Worsham, P. G. C., self
.1. C Scronce, wife and child
T. S. Clovd, self
D. T. Poster, self
.1. E. Russell, self, sist T-in-law, and two children
R. C Nicholson, self
.J. C. Thrall, self
H. C. Daniels, mother and live sisters and brothers
W. 11. Bults, self
V. H. McElrov, self, wife, and tliree children
Dr. W. R. Hodges, self
.Jos. Rodgers, self
J. Kelly, self, wife, and child
C. jMundinger, self
N. W. Spears, Jr., self
Henry White, self
.1. J. Sears, self and one child
Alex. Hunn, self
J. G. Lonsdale, .Jr., Treas., self
.J. N. Barlow, self
B. F. Price, W. M., uncle, brother in-law, and two children..
M. R igan, self
Frank Bras, self and three children
R. R. Catron, self
Ed. Corson, self
P. M. Stanley, wife and four children
Dr. S. Hinson, self
Dr. E. A. White, self, wife, and one child
I. D. Connowav, self
L. P. Judd, self
C. R. Pollard, self and father
J. Wilson, wife
Geo. Reed, self and mother-in-law
R^v. Geo. C. Harris, self
Die.l.
-3
>
2
7
2
7
4
3
3
1
1
1
;
3
3
(!
2
2
o
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4
4
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20
38
±
1
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6
1
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1
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30
33
63
408
APPENDIX.
KILWINNING LODGE, 34L
Names.
A Pearcall, self, and two daughters
C. Pearcall, self
Rev. S. Landrum, self^ wife, and two sons
E. H. Lanliam, wife
John B. Taylor, self
L. Chapski, self
J. W. Waynesbiirg, "VY- M., self, wife, mother, and son.
Chas. N. Dare, self
H. S. Eeynolds, self, and wife
T. M. McKee, self, wife, and three children
J. Wood, self
PARK AVENUE LODGE, 362.
John D. Huhn, self, and family.
W. B. May, self, wife, and child.
AFFILIATED OUT OF STATE.
B. T. Plnmmer, Washington Lodge, Alexandria, Va., self, wife, and six
children
Geo. Kelhofer, self. Ark
Wm. Finnic, self, Scotland
J. W. McMillan, self, Brookhaven Lodge, 291, Miss
Wimherley, Baldwyne Lodge, 374, Allegheny Co., Pa
H. Schauer, Darage Lodge, 374, Allegheny, Pa
Geo. C. Probert, self, Norwalk, Ohio, Commandery
A. M. Munson, wife, Cavuga Falls
NON-AFFILIATED.
C. P. Oakley, Cyrene Commandery, wife, and son
B. Colmam, Cyrene Commandery, self, wife, and three children
L. Hawkins, Cyrene Commandery, self, and son
Rev. Geo. White, Cyrene Commandery, self, and son
Rev. D. C Slater, S. Elmo Commandery, self, wife, and two daughters
James Dixon, St. Elmo Commandery, self •
Z. T. White, self, and wife
John Hall, self
J. W. McDonald, Peoria, 111., self, wife, and child
R. M. Firth, self, and three children
Rev. N. Rosebrough, self
J. C. .Jacoba, self
A. R. Redford, self, and two children
W. B. Waldron, self, and wife
R. W. Shelton, self, wife, mother-in-law, sister-in-law, and father-in-law.
R. R. James, self
Burns, self, wife, and three children
A. C. Arnold, self, wife, and five children
Jack Wilson, self
Dr. Hughy, self, wife, and four children
5
3
8
1
1
i
1
i
1
"4
4
1
1
1
1
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8
10
IS
34
APPENDIX.
409
FUNDS EECEIVED BY THE MASONIC BOARD OF BELIEF FEOM
AUGUST 20 TO OCTOBER 31.
John Frizzell, G. S., Nashville. ..§1-2,827
John D. Vincil, G. S. St. Louis.... 1,211
Mrs. H. H. Higbee 25
Ma.sons of Cacyville, Ky 22
A. B. Tredwell, Meuiphia 25
Franklin L') Ige, 14, Troy, 0 20
C'lvington Chapter, 35, Gov., Ky.. 25
Butler L-» jge, 272, Butler, Pa 7
Va. May Lodge, 233, Montgomery
Co 20 00
Grand Chapter of Arkansas 50 00
Ojstanaula Lodge, Rome, Ga 25 00
Masons of Sioux City, through
D. A Magee 224 50
Grand Lodge of Arkansas 200 00
Masons of Leaven wortli, Kan 70 00
Masons of Gvnthiana Kv 40 00
J. D. Richardson, P. G. M 50 00
Masons of Adams' Station, Tenn.. 13 00
Albert Pike, Washington, D. C... 100 00
Martin Collins, St. Louis 50 00
Grand Lodge of Kansas 150 00
Grand Lodge of Massachusetts..-. 100 00
Masons of Fort Scott, Kan 50 00
H. P. Seavy, Secretary, Columbia,
Tenu..". .50 00
G. H. Newbert, Wyandotte, Kan... 50 00
B. 'rlin Lodgt-, 170, Saulsburv,
Tenn 25 00
Hartwell Lodge, 101, Oxford, Ala. 25 00
Kenesaw Lodg:-, 33, Marietta, Ga. 15 00
Tyrian Lodge and Chapter, Spring-
field, 111 15 00
Masons of Jack.sonville, 111 75 00
Amity Lodge, 87, Newberrv, S. C 10 00
Centralia Lodge, 201, Centralia, 111. 82 10
0.sceola Lodge, 27, Osceola, Ark... 50 00
Vernon Lodge, 14, Georgetown,
Ky 42 00
Masons of 0.;\vego, Kan 105 00
Andrew .Jackson Lodge, by Grand
Master Warr 20 00
Wyandotte Chapter, 70, Hunting-
don, W. Va 50 00
Richland Lodge, 39, Columbia,
S. C 25 00
Prosp?ct Lodge, 456, Prospect,
Tenn. • 25 00
Crescent Lodge, 25, Cedar Rapiils. 10 00
Mount Hermon Lodge, 203, Cedar
Rajdds 10 00
St. .John's Lodge, 20, Columbus,
Ind 50 00
Madison Lodge, 329, Madison, Ala. 15 00
T. C. Park, Memphis 10 00
Masons of Austin, Ark 33 00
Golconda, Lodge, 131 25 00
Poagee Lodge, 325, A.shland, Ky- 40 50
Harmonv Chapter, Sheboygan
Falls, Wis... 25 00
JOlhvnnd (Jommandery, 0, Sprinif-
iield,Ill .■ 25 00
Mount Pleasant Lodge, 57 30 00
(iainsville Lodge, 375, Gaines-
ville, O $.30 00
Fredonia Lodge, 225 35 00
Joseph K. Wiieeler, G. S., Hart-
ford, Conn 200 00
Masons of Jackson, Tenn 100 00
Adams Lodge, 240, Middleton,
Tenn 25 00
Otawah Chapter, Kan 25 00
Franklin Lodge, 18, Otawah, Kan. 15 00
Marcus Lodge, 110, Fredericks-
town, Mo 25 00
Otawah Lodge. 7, Olahwah, Kan.. 20 00
Masons, Montvale, Ala lo 00
Hess Lodge, 93, Dyersburg, Tcini. 20 CO
C:hatopa Lodge, 73, St. Louis, Mo. 20 00
H. G. Miller, Mempliis 12 05
Citizens, iJuwaiida, Wis 20 00
Fellowship Lodge, 89, Marion, 111. 20 00
Masons of Petersburg, Va 20 00
C. H. Johnson, G. M. of Ky 35 00
La Fayette Conunandery, 3, La
Fayette, Ind " 50 00
W. H. Smythe, G. S., Indianapolis,
Ind 182 40
Bay City Lodge, 129, Bay City,
Mich ".. 50 00
Ft. Worth Chapter, Ft. Worth, Tex. 50 00
Masons of Chicago, 111 200 00
Ma.sons of Pine Bluff', Ark 50 00
W. B. Isaacs, (i. S., Richmond, Va. 150 00
W. S. Floyd, Baltimore, Md 10 00
Reno Lodge, 13, Reno, Nev 50 00
Munster Lodge,199,Ft.Monroe,Va. 50 00
St. John's Chapter, 57, JFt. Monroe,
Va 50 00
Fort Worth Lodge, 148, Ft. Worth,
Texas 50 00
Duquoin Lodge, 234, Du<iuoin, 111. 25 00
Jacksonport Lodge, Jacksonport,
Ark 100 00
Wyandotte Chapter, 0, Wvandotte,
Kan ". 25 00
Mountain Lodge, 197, Sevierville,
Tenn 25 00
Charlottesville Lodge, 55, Char-
lottesville, Va 25 00
Golden Rule Lodge, 345, Coving-
ton, Ky 25 00
Norfolk Lodge, 1, Norfolk, Va 25 00
]\Ioriah Grove Lodge, 301, Stewart
Co 20 00
Chapter, Henderson, Ky 50 00
King Solomon Lodge, 94, Gallatin. 25 00
Jerseyville Chapter, 140, Jersey-
ville, 111 25 00
Grand Chapter of Arkansas 50 00
Masons of Louisville, Ky 200 00
Vesper Lodge, 223, Onawa, Iowa.. 15 00
Brother of Ripley Lodge, 100 1 00
Masons of Ellenton, S. C 36 50
Darda nelle Chapter, 04, Dardanelle,
Ark 25 00
410
APPENDIX.
J. F. Hill Lodge, 270, Little Rock,
Ark
Hill City Lodge, 173, Lynchburg,
Va
Masons of Cohimbus, Ga., through
J. W. King
Masons of Helena, Montana
Adairsville Lodge, Logan Co., Ky.
Masons of Griffin, Ga
J. W. Smith, Versailles, Ky
Attica Lodge, 18, Attica, Ind
Ozark Lodge, 79, Ozark, Ark
Herman Kuther, Pioneer City,
Montana
Reed Commandery, 6, Dayton, O..
Masonic Relief Committee, Rus-
sellville, Ky
Grand Lodge of Arkansas
John H. Brown, G. S., Wyandotte,
Kan
J. W. Luke, St. Louis, Mo
$10
00
50
00
60
00
200
00
25
00
80
00
25
00
50
00
21
50
4
00
50
00
36
70
200
00
17
70
100
00
Masons of Sarahani, Ga $377 00
F. M. Xel son, Memphis 50 00
The Ladies of Akron, 0 11 15
Mount Moriah Lodge, 309, Fayette
Co., Tenn 10 00
Mrs. Lemon, Mattoon, 111 50 00
Caldwell Lodge, 273, Johnsonville,
Tenn 6 00
]\Iasons of Virginia City, Nev 182 00
Reynolds Chapter, 75, Carbondale,
■ 111 25 00
Astoria Lodge, 100, Astoria, 111... 13 25
Tuscan Lodge, 143, LaGro,Ind... 10 00
Masons of Tuscarora, Nev 100 00
Bright Star Lodge, 212, Dardanelle,
Ark 25 00
Masons of Weston, C 18 75
Western Star Lodge, 2 25 00
From other sources 802 05
Total cash $21,196 30
DISBURSEMENTS.
Paid nurses $8,202 25
Paid burying the dead 3,258 50
Paid physicians 2,197 50
Paid supplies.... 3,308 32
Paid relief of distressed Masons and their families 1,612 35
Paid postage, advertising, porterage, etc 101 05
$18,679 97
Total Receipts $21,196 30
Total Disbursements 18,679 97
Balance in Bank of Commerce $2,516 33
REPORT OF THE SPECIAL RELIEF COMMITTEE, I. O. 0. F.
To E. O. Budd, Grand Master of the Right Worthy Grand Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., of the State of
Tennessee, and to our Brothers of the United States and Territories and British Possessions :
In view of your unbounded acts of benevolence and generosity, we desire to give
you a statement in regard to the fvction of your committee during the terrible scourge,
which devastated by death our devoted city, this yea»r of 1878.
During the latter part of the month of July, there were quite a number of un-
doubted cases of yellow fever; and as early as the 5th of August a resolution was
offered in Chickasaw Lodge, No. 8, appointing a committee, consisting of the Noble
Grand and Vice-Grand, to act with a similar committee from sister Lodges, to organize
and be ready for efficient work. The resolution was adopted by all of the six Lodges
in the city, and they each and all appointed their N. G. and V. G. as said committee, to
organize a permanent one. This committee met in Odd-Fellows' Hall, August 13th.
Every Lodge in the city was represented. Bro. J. W. X. Browne, N. G. of No. 6, was
appointed chairman, and Bro. A. E. Kennedy, P. G. of No. 187, as secretary. A com-
mittee was appointed consisting of P. G. Jos. F. Russell, P. G. John Linkhauer, and V.
G. H. M. Gage, to define the duties of the officers to be appointed.
On the following day the committee reported that a Board of Special Relief be ap-
pointed, which was carried into eflPect, the said Board to consist of a president, vice-
president, treasurer, secretary, superintendent, and an executive committee of three; and
an election was held with the following result:
John Linkhauer, P. G., president; H. M. Gage, V. G., vice-president; Wm. Henry,
P. G., secretary; J. P. Hoffman, P. G., treasurer; Jos. E. Russell, P. G., superintendent
of nurses.
APPENDIX.
411
The oommittoe agreed to meet every morninn;. Also, tliat good nnd Riiffieient bonds
be given b}' the treasurer, to the amount of iS] 0,000, the seeretary :i(;2,500, and tlie super-
intendent $1,000. The bonds were given and approved.
Bros. Marcus Jone.s, P. G., G. \V. L. Crook, P. G., and T. N, Johnston, V. G., were
appointed an executive committee. It was ordered that they should act in conjunction
with the Masonic Belief Committee as far as advisable.
The duties of your committee were defined and agreed to, which was to provide foi'
the sick, the dying, and the dead, employ nurses, buy and furnish supplies, receive and
disburse any donations, and order all authenticated accounts to be paid.
At the commencement of the fever, the funds in the hands of the treasurer— the
balance of the epidemic fund of 1873 — was ,$7,544 37. With the first acts of your
committee, there was one donating the sum of $'H}6 to our suffering brothers of Gren'ada,
where_ the fever was raging with unheard-of malignity. On the 23d of August, tbe
great increase of the fever over the city generally induced the Board of Health to pro-
claim the fever had become epidemic, and urged and advised the citizens to leave the
city. The daily press also urged every person to do so. Many new cases of sickness
were reported this day among the members and families of our Order, and it was be-
coming worse daily, but your committee, with sad hearts, continued to perform their
duties with hope and courage. On motion, it was agreed that your committee be con-
stituted a burial one, with authority to call upon any member of our Order to accom-
pany them to funerals, if possible; it was further agreed, that a competent physician
♦ should be employed, and Dr. John Gordon be empl«yed to attend to all eases of sick-
ness when ordered to do so by the Board.
On the 2(ith day of August Bro. Wm. Henry, secretary, tendered his resignation as
Rucli, which was accepted by the committee. Bro. L. S. Burr, P. G., was nominated and
elected to fill the ofKce of secretary in his place, and gave his bond for $2,500, which
was accepted, and he assumed the duties of the oflice.
Bro. J. E. Russell, superintendent of nurses, was taken sick with the fever on the
25th day of August, and Bro. John Linkhauer, in addition to the duties of his oflice,
assumed the duties of the superintendent.
From tlie first organization of your committee to tliis time, August SOtli, they have
been in receipt of daily communications offering material aid and kind Rynipatliy for
our sufferers, whicli were answered with thanks, declining the proffered aid ; but in view
of the magnitude of the scourge, and the certain exJiaustion of all means at their com-
mand in a very short time, your committee decided to accept such offers of aid as might
be tendered. After due notice had been given by the Grand Master of this State at this
time, Bro. C. M. Carroll, your committee soon commenced to receive funds from most
every section of the country.
From this time, iSeptember 1st, for .many weeks, tlie fever raged with fearful
mortality, and took all the energy and courage of those who escaped it to perform their
duty.
On the 31st day of August Bro. Jos. Russell died, being the first one of your com-
mittee that fell at the post of duty. lie was a good man, and an efficient worker. Bro. E.
F. Risk, .Jr., was elected assistant secretary, and Bro. A. Ji. Leroy as assistant superin-
tendent of nurses. This was necessitated by the daily increase of the fever. Bro. Geo.
W. L. Crook, of your committee, was reported sick with the scourge on the 1st day of
September, also Bro. E. F. Risk, Jr., who in a few days followed Bro. Russell to his
everlasting home. He was an efficient young man, and his death regretted by all who
knew him.
On the 2d of September, at a meeting of your committee, Ero. .John Jjinkhauer
resigned his position as president of the Board, and was elected general sujjerintendent
of nurses. Bro. Marcus Jones was then elected to the position of president of the
Board. On motion it was ordered that a notice calling a meeting of brothers should be
inserted in the morning papers, which was accordingly done, as follows:
"1.0.0. F. — All mend^ers of the different Lodges now in the city are most earnestly
requested to meet at the Lodge room this (Tuesday) morning, 3d inst., at 10 o'clock, on
important business. Brothers, your services are needed in behalf of the sick and dying."
There was no response to this call for help, and your committee considered it their
duty to procure help, if j^ossible, from persons not connected with our Order, when im-
peratively needed.
Bro. II. M. Gage tendered his resignation as vice-president of your committee, as
his duties as president of the Knights of Honor required all his time. Bro. Geo. W. L.
Crook, P. G., of your committee, died on the 5th day of September. He, too, was an
active, energetic worker, and fell doing his duty for the benefit of his fellow-man. Bro.
John P. Hoffman having left the city, there was but four of your original committee
now on duty. Bro. Rev. E. C. Slater was appointed one of the Executive Committee,
vacated by the death of Bro. Crook.
412
APPENDIX.
The great increase of sickness and death among our Order, and heavy increase of
expenses, induced your committee to issue the following appeal to the Odd-Fellows,
wheresoever dispersed :
"Brothers, — The Special Eelief Committee of tlio six Lodges of the city of Mem-
phis, Tenn., say to the members of our beloved Order in America, in answer to many
inquiries, both by letter and telegram, that we are in the midst of a fearful epidemic, the
end of which no one can foi-esee. More than one hundred of our brethren, including
their families, have sickened and died. We need your sympathy, and God alone knows
how soon your aid. In view of the heavy drain upon our resources, we have concluded
to accept all donations that our brethren in their generosity may forward us."
This appeal was published, through the great kindness of the Associated Press, tlie
Oth day of September, with good results, as it was soon responded to by our kind
brothers throughout the land.
Bro. Rev. E. C. Slater met with your committee but once — on the 7tli day of Sep-
tember. On the 8th he was taken sick with the fever, and on the 9th he too was num-
bered with our dead. No nobler soul ever went out through death to life than Bro.
Dr. Slater. The soul of self-sacrifice and generosity, he died doing more than his duty
for his fellow-man. His wife and two daughters soon followed him to that place of
rest eternal, that land where all is love and truth, where there is no sickness or death.
The plao'ue was at this time assuming frightful proportions, four to six hundred
new cases and over one hundred deaths were reported in the city daily, and the propor-
tion in the surrounding country was about the same. Bro. H. M. Gage was taken sick •
with the fever; his capacity and good work was sadly missed by the committee and the
sufl'ering brothers and their families he cared for. Bro. O. F. Prescott, P. G. M., was
appointed assistant secretary September 8th. Bro. L. S. Burr, secretary, was taken sick
September lOtli, which only left three of your committee on duty. B. D. Castleman, P.
(t., and Irvine Eoot, assistants to your committee as clerks, were soon stricken with
death.
At this time we found it almost impossible to care for the living and bury the dead
within or near the city limits. In consequence, there was more suflering among our
brothers and their families in the country, as we could not pay proper attention to their
needs. The scenes of agony, despair, and desolation may be imagined, but can not be
described. Your committee have had relatives and nurses come and implore them to
have the dead removed from their houses, as they had lain much too long unburied.
We could not help them, as the undertakers had much more to do than they could pos-
idbly attend to, and all had to be buried by turns, according to the time the application
was made for that purpose. In many instances we were compelled to hire spring wagons,
and carry the dead to the cemetery, as there were no hearses to be had. There were no
funerals. The drivers of the hearses, or wagons were the only ones, with the help of
the grave-diggers at the cemetery, to assist at the burials. Your committee could scarcely
attend to the sick, therefore the dead of our Order could not receive the attention we
wished to give them.
One of the daily papers remarks: "There is now no part of the corporate limits of
the city not thoroughly infected with the fever poison. One by one our remaining
people fall, and since Saturday night's closing report, an appalling list of deaths have
occurred. All of Sunday and yesterday, hearses followed each other at a trot, carrying
a corpse to the grave unattended by any one but the hearse-driver. Even this was not
fast enough, and the dead accumulated in various parts of the cily until they became
very offensive. The way it now looks, there will shortly be not enough here to bury tlie
dead. Much confusion and disorder follows this state of affairs, but at the present
time there seems to be no help for it until the fever abates, which, at present, it seems
not inclined to do. So long as there is food for it, no relief can be expected. Woe,
pestilence, and death seems to be our portion."
How unfortunate it was that our brothers and families with friends did not leave
the city when advised to do so by the Board of Health and daily press. How many
valuable lives might have been saved if the advice had been taken in time. Many left
after too long a delay, after their systems had been infected with the poison of the
dread disease. Many died uncarcd for, away from home, with no friend or nurse to
care for their wants.
Bro. Marcus Jones, president of j'our committee, was taken sick with a severe case
of the fever on the 20th day of September, which reduced your working committee to
two members. We missed the president very much indeed, as he was never absent from
a meeting of the Board, although five of his family, out of six, were sick with the fever.
Bro. T. jST. Johnston being so much engaged with the business afi'airs of his em-
ployers that he could not attend to the meetings of the Board, Mr. Walter Jones, son of
our president, was employed as an assistant to your committee, and with his marked
capacity and energy, his services proved very valuable indeed.
APPENDIX.
4L3
Bro. A. TI. Leroy, assistant snpcrintendent of nurses, was repnrteil sick on tlie 21st
day of Se^jteniber, and Mr. Frank Jones was euiployed for the position.
Tlie painful intelligence was reported tliat the fever was spi-eading to a great extent
in the surrounding country, among our brothers and families who sougiit safety bv
leaving the city. It appears there is no refuge of safety for many miles from our
plague-stricken place. At this time, September 22d, we were receiving donations from
our kind brothers from every section of our country We needed them, as our expenses
were very heavy, and increasing.
Bro. T. N. .Jolinston, of your committee, was reported sick the 27th day of Septem-
ber, and in a few days he too was numbered witii those that had gone before. With his
capacity and tact he had made his mark as one of the best business men in the city.
This leaving only one of the committee (who remained in the city), Bro. John Link-
hauer, that. escaped from having the scourge.
On or near the 2d day of October, the president being still siek, Bro. .John Link-
hauer ordered a telegram to be sent to the ilitierent Grand Lodges to forward more
means, if possible, as our expenses and disbursements were largely on the increase.
The appeal was answered with liberal donation*. At this time there was some decrease
of the sickness in the city generally, but among our Order it was on the increase.
On the 7th day of October, O. F. Prescott, P. G. M., assistant secretary, was taken
sick with the fever, and in a few days he too passed away. How much his cheerful face
and good work were missed. The very committee-room seemed infected with the fever
poison, causing sickness and death. Out of eleven workers in it, seven have died.
Perhaps the contact of so many nurses, just from the liouse of the sick and laying out
the dead, made it worse off with us than it would have been otherwise.
Bro. L. S. Burr, secretary, reported for duty to-day, 8th of October, after four weeks'
sickness. He was very welcome and added strength to our reduced committee.
On the 10th day of October we opened a commissary depot, which we filled with
provisions and various other supplies, procured by donaticms and purchase, for the
benefit of our brothers in distress, and their families. Bro. A. H. Leroy was appointed
superintendent.
Bro. Marcus .Jones, president, reported this day, October 17th, after four weeks'
sickness with a dangerous case of the fever. He was gladly welcomed, and a meeting
of Gayoso Encampment, No. 3, on the same day, he was elected a representative to the
Grand P^ncampment of the State of Tennessee, which met at Nashville, Tenn., the 21st
day of (October, when he was elected Grand Patriarch of the State of Tennessee. <_)n his
return he at once assumed the duties of his office, where his assistance was greatly
needed.
There appeared to be at that time a marked decrease of the fever generally; we had
hopes the worst was passed; with us it must be so, as nearly all of our brothers and
their families who remained in the city have been down with it. The great fear was
that the absent ones would return too soon. The fearful number of deaths among our
Order and city, shows the awful fatality of the plague which has so decimated our city
and caused agony and sufi'ering unspeakable. There is no place, exceiit Grenada, Miss.,
that has suffered" as we have. How terrible to think of, that four persons were found
dead in the streets in one day, and several in houses, and two merchants in their offices,
all dying without help to minister to their last moments.
Out of a population of about 20,000 remaining in the city and vicinity, over 4,250
died. Llad the city of New Orleans been so afflicted, in proportion to her inhabitants,
there would have been over 30,000 deaths in that city.
Your committee have employed 475 nurses, at an average cost of over $15 each.
The number of brothers that have died is Oo, and of their families 134, making the
number of deaths 22i). The convalescents amount to 214, making the number of cases
of yellow fever 443. The number of widows is 54, and the orphans 150, that have been
made so by the terrible scourge. The different Lodges of the city will now have to care
for 109 widows and 196 orphans. Tliis, indeed, tells a sad story of our calamities.
Chickasaw Lodge, No. 8, lost all of their elective officers. There were only four of our
brothers that remained in the city escaped having the fever. The first death reported
was that of Bro. .L B. Cam^jbell," August 2d; tlie last deaths were those of Bro. S. J.
Ward, who died November 17th, and Bro. W. V. Coate, who died on tlie 27th. Both^ of
the brothers named had been absent from the city all summer, and took the fever after
their return, although there had been several heavy frosts. Tlie labors of your commit-
tee are near ended ; we have done the best we could under the circumstances surround-
ing us. More than one-half of the cases under our care died.
We find there are more worthy widows and orphans in distressed circumstances,
whose husbands and fathers died owing to their Lodge small amounts on the first of the
term. The laws of the Order being strict and imperative, no relief can be granted them,
414
APPENDIX.
unless we mak? f5ome provision for tliera. which we have done by including incur dona-
tion uccount, the sum of §2,323.36.
Our commissary department is still open, with supplies sufficient to last for some
time, which we intend to distribute to the needy.
Your committee do not believe that the yellow fever is indigenous to this countrv,
but that it is introduced from the West Indies or tropical ports through our soutliern
])orts, thence over the southern portion of our country. And we would most earnestlv
appeal to our brothers of the Order to recommend the establishment of a national quar-
antine, at such times as we may be threatened with its introduction from infected for-
eign ports, and that in no way but the interposition of our government in this matter
will save us from the intiiction of many repetitions of this terrible scourge.
Wc would call attention to the subjoined report of the Special Trustees of the Yel-
low Fever Fund of 1873.
EEPORT OF EECEIPTS.
Arkansas $341 00
Alabama 309 00
British Columbia, (British Pro v.) 60 00
California 3,385 00
135 00
200 00
166 75
02 00
685 00
222 25
Illinois 1,570 00
Colorado ■
Connecticut
Delaware
Dakota Territory.
Georgia
Iowa
Indiana
Kentucky
Kansas
Montana Territory.
Michigan
Massachusetts
Mississippi
Minnesota
Maryland
Missouri
910 00
200 00
344 48
53 50
105 00
58 34
25 00
25 00
619 00
500 00
136 00
52 00
337 00
Maine $408 89
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New Brunswick, (British Prov.
New Jersey 200 00
New York 825 00
Nova Scotia, (British Province).. 392 76
North Carolina 96 25
Ohio 850 00
Pennsylvania. 532 00
Rhode Island...
South Cai'olina.
130 00
6 00
Tennessee 2,161 40
Texas
Utah Territory.
Virginia
731 50
125 00
130 00
Wyoming Territory 290 60
345 00
285 30
Wisconsin .
Unknown friends in the U. S
Whole am't of cash rec'd to date.. $18,061 57
We have received from the General Relief Committee, I. O. O. F., of Cincinnati, a
bounteous supply of provisions. Also from the Odd Fellows of Staunton, Va., Ruther-
ford Station, Tenn., Kno-xville, Tenn., the Citizens' Relief Committee, and Dr. D. F. Good-
year, acting mayor of this city. We are under very many obligations to the Howard
and other associations, they, with great courtesy, having honored our orders for sup-
plies, etc. Friends and brothers, accept our grateful thanks. The provisions sent from
Cincinnati cost, there, .$416.51.
REPORT OF DISBURSEMENTS.
For nurses $7,143 31
For burial expenses 6,749 10
For physicians 2,195 50
For supplies 2,511 20
For expenses 2,677 80
Donations to sick and destitute Odd-Fellows and their families.. 4,836 81
Total disbursements $26,113 72
Cash disbursed in excess of the receipts of 1878 8,052 15
The donation account includes money donated to Grenada, Miss., Chattanooga,
Tenn., and Brownsville, Tenn. Supplies were also sent to our suffering brothers of Tus-
cunibia, Ala. Your committee wrote to the afHicted cities and towns of Mississippi and
Tennessee, offering aid to our suffering brothers if needed.
The expense account is composed of the amounts paid for horses and vehicles for
the superintendent of nurses in visiting the sick and in burying the dead, printing, post-
age hire of clerks, and secretary and superintendent of nurses, and incidental expenses.
The committee, excepting those mentioned above, received no compensation for
their services.
A portion of the receipts per State of Tennessee, that were sent by Grand Secretary
J. R. Harwell, from Nashville, was from different States,
APPENDIX.
415
Brothers, we say that you have clone a brother's part ; you have indeed lightened
our burden ; your letters of affection, witli offers of assistance, were a tower of strength
to your committee, and our hearts are overflowing with a full measure of gratitude and
thanks for your kind sympathy, your brotherly love, and your noble generosity. We can
trustingly say, and are certain, tliat such deeds as yours will meet their jiist reward,
and will ever be cherished in tiie hearts of the widow and orphan, and your brothers.
We hope you will receive our report with favor, and that you will never "have occasion
to exercise the great magnanimity and kindness you have in relieving your brothers
and their families in another fatal eiiidemic, such as we liave just passed through.
Kespectfully submitted, in Friendsiiip, Love, and Truth.
MARCUS J0NE8, President, ]
L. S. BURR, Secretarv, j 7. 0. 0. F.
J. P. HOFFMAN, Treasurer, f Special lidid' Committee.
JNO. LIKKIIAUER, Supt. Nurses. J
REPORT OF MEMPHIS TYPOGRAPHICAL UNION.
Memphis, Fehniary 1, 1879.
To Memphis Union No. 11, and to the Typographical Unio^is of the United States and Canada:
The following is transmitted as the Report of Receipts and Disbursements by your
Relief Committee, in behalf of the distressed members of Union No. 11, during the
fearful plague of 1878. Tlie report should liave been furnished vsister Unions at an earlier
date, but the impracticability of closing up all accounts rendered it impossible, hence
the circular of to-day. In answer to the appeal made by the Relief Committee, of date
August 26, 1878, the following Receipts from sister Unions were entered:
New York Union $200 00
Philadelphia Union 150 00
Courier-Journal Office, Louisville.. 110 40
Journal Ofiice, Chicago 92 25
Emploves Government Printing Of-
fice, 'Washington 80 00
Salt Lake Tribune, through Galla-
wav & Keating 71 50
New York Herald Office 01 00
St. Louis Globe-Democrat OfKce 50 00
S. K. Head 50 00
W^ashoe Union 50 00
Detroit Union 50 00
Baltimore Union 50 00
New York World Office 40 00
Printers St. John's, N. B., through
J. M. Keating 40 00
Springfield (111.) Lhiion 40 00
Chicago Union 38 00
Proceeds of Entertainment in New
York, through H. Dalton 37 00
Rochester Union and Advertiser
Office 36 00
Utica (N. Y.) Union 35 25
Richmond (Va.) Union 35 00
Printers of Lafayette, Ind 35 00
Columbus (Ohio) Union 34 00
Little Rock Union 33 30
Cincinnati Enquirer Office 30 50
Nashville Union 30 00
Printers of Erie, Pa 26 00
Detroit Union 25 00
Austin (Tex.) Union 25 00
Galveston (Tex.) Union 25 00
Cincinnati LTnion 24 00
New York Bulletin 23 50
27
People of Capleville, Tenn., through
J. M. Keating $22 65
Denver (Col.) Union 22 00
New York Llerald compositors 20 00
Quincy (111.) Union 20 00
Unknown friend in Illinois, through
J. M. Keating 20 00
Norwich (Conn ) LTnion 17 00
Cambridge Station, Boston 15 00
Trenton (N. J.) Union 15 00
Pittsburgh (Pa.) Union 15 00
Fort Wayne Union 10 00
St. Joseph (Mo.) Union, through Lou.
Hardnian 13 Of)
Oil Citv (Pa.) LTnion 10 00
W. LI. Bates, through J. S. Toof 10 00
Toronto LTnion 10 00
New Haven (Conn ) Union 10 00
Pressman's LTnion, Washington 10 00
Buff-alo (N. Y.) Union 10 00
Raleigh (N. C.) Union 10 00
Courier Printers, East Saginaw 10 0(>
Newark (N. J.) Union 10 00
Portland (Maine) Union 10 00
Toledo Union 10 00
Memphis Telegraph Aid Associat'n 8 35
Peoria (111.) Union 8 00
St. Louis Globe Democrat 6 85
Macon (Ga.) Union 5 00
Columbia (S. C.) Union 5 00
Miss .Johns, Capleville, Tenn., thro'
J. M. Keating 4 00
Memphis LTnion, No. 11 1 75
Peter B. Lee (postage stamps^ 21
Total $1,966 51
416
APPENDIX.
The following disbursements in bulk is reported, the itemized accounts being on file
with No. 11, and open to inspection from any Sister Union, or individual member, hav-
ing doubt as to the appropriate use of all moneys collected. Considering the number
dead and their burial, sick and destitute, the committee prides itself as having accom-
plished the greatest good out of the smallest amount contributed to any society of men
in the city :
Undertakers' accounts $5.31 50
Amount paid physicians 440 00
Outfitting of infirmary, including bedding and furniture, rent of
rooms, and supplies 228 75
Amount paid for necessary supplies for convalescents, including
liquors ordered by physicians 215 75
Amt. paid for nurses, porters, and errand boys, including board,etc. 213 90
Amount paid for conveyances for physicians, committee, and ex-
press purposes 125 75
Amount paid for medicines 93 50
Amount of cash paid to distressed families 125 00
Printing account, telegrams, postage, etc 43 80
Ice bill 16 10
Total $2,034 05
In closing the preceding accounts the Eelief Committee, in behalf of Union No. 11,
desire to extend their warmest praise to the Unions resjaonding, and would also state that
but for the promptness characterized, the death and distress would have been much greater
—perhaps total. They also desire to extend their heartfelt thanks to the Howard Asso-
ciation for assistance rendered, and to make special mention of A. D. Langstaff, J. M.
Keating, .Jesse Page, F. F. Bowen, Henry White, Sim. Barinds and Louis Daltroof, for
their untiring energies in behalf of our sick and destitute.
Trusting that it may never again be our misfortune to present such a record of death
and sickness as the above, and that it shall be our spirit to hold in kind and lasting re-
membrance the relief sent from abroad, we close our labors, with prayers for the future
prosperity and health of all Unions throughout the States and dominion.
Wm. G. Taylor, Chairman,
Henby Moode, Secretary,
E. S. Smith,
J. P. Wheles, J- Committee.
T. P. Kavanaugh,
H. W. Clayton,
J. W. Chambers, J
E. S. SMITH, Secretary. W. G. TAYLOE, President.
NAMES OF THE DEAD.
L. M. Lorentz, August 30th. Edward J. Suigg, September 30th.
John B. Barker, August SLst. W. H. Blalock, October 11th.
Benj. F. Fuller, September 7th. T. P. Holland, October 12th.
Jas. Cruikshank, September 7th. Harry O. Bowden.
Chas. M. Smith, September 9th. Thos. E. Hotchkiss.
Jas. M. Kerr, September 9th. AVm. H. Cummins.
Baxter N. Cutting, September 11th. E. E. Catron.
Wm. G. Stevenson, September 13th. W^m. Spickemagle.
SICK AND EECOVEEED MEMBEES.
Henrv White. Frank Van Horn.
H. E.'Crandall. J. P. Wheles.
Jno. B. Hoskins. O. P. Bard.
W. W. Stephenson. George Bird.
T. D. Uzell, (transient.) Louis Eozelle.
H. J. McGrann. L. H. Grant.
W. G. Taylor. Joseph Crabb.
H. M. Crowell. S. L. Eeneau.
W. S. Brooks, (honorary.) T. P. Kavanaugli.
Ed. Schiller. Ed. E. Holland.
APPENDIX.
417
FAMILIES OF MEMBERS SICK.
Miss Sallie D. Stephenson. ' Mrs. H. .J. McGrann, son and niece
Mrs. B. N. Catting. Mrs. J. P. Wlieles an.l child.
Mrs. Crowell and son. Five nieml)ers of fauiilvof .Josejjh Crabb.
Mrs. W. \V. Stephenson and two chihh-en. Mrs. W. II. Blahjck anil child.
Mrs. Frank Van Horn and three children. ]Mrs. T. P. Holland and two daughters.
Miss Schiller. Three Misses Keneau and brotlier.
FAMILIES OF MEMBERS DEAD.
W. S. Brooks' mother, wife, and .sou.
II. M. Crowell's daugliter.
H. .J. McGrann's daughter,
(jieorge Bird'.s child.
Major W. G. Stephenson's two daughters.
Ed. Schiller's son.
Josc2)h Crabb'.s sou.
KEPORT OF THE HEBREW HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION.
2h (he Officers and Members of the Hchreir Hospital Association :
Although not a member of your organization, by force of circnmstances I am nec-
essarily compelled to submit to you the result of my labors during the late epidemic.
Hardly had we experienced the effects of the peace following the scourge of 187.'^,
when we were compelled to listen to the trumpets from near and far calling to arms all
able-bodied men and women to tight an enemy far more dangerou.s and destructive than
any experienced in the annals of history — a battle where tlie implements used consisted
not of musketry, but of knowledge. Althougli the highest attainment of such was
reached, yet we felt the effects of the terrible scourge of 1878. Like an adder it came
unseen, darting its poi.sonou.s fangs into nearly every hon.se in the city and .surrounding
country, without respect to quality. The rich and poor, educated and uneducated, old
and young, were all placed upon a level, each sharing tlie same danger. Tlie timid
who .sought their hiding-place, and the brave man who had faced danger in time of war
and feared not death, were also classed among the victims.
The suffering among our co-religionists was as great as any. The bulk of them
were poor and destitute, and unable to reach places of .safety. For the time being they
tliought themselves secure; but hardly had the fever reached its zenith before the sur-
rounding country felt its deadly ettects. To our utter dismay we found every avenne
leading to the city densel}^ packed with Jewish families, and with few exceptions did
any escape the force of the fever.
To speak of the sights and sufferings witnessed would fill volumes; yet to sliow
our co-religionists and others who donated to our cause, an item or so is not out of
place. Picture yourself at home, living in luxury and good health, enjoying every
comfort imaginable and receiving the caresses of your children; then, on the contrary,
find youi-self away froni the busy walks of life, living in an old log cabin or C(n'n-criii,
far out in the woods, almost away from civilization, with starvation staring you and
your family in the face, and lying on the floor, without bed or cover, and in constant
dread of the disease reaching you ; to see whole families down sick at one time, and in one
room, with no relative or friend to even pass them a glass of water to quench tiie thirst
caused by the burning fever. Tlien you will have but a partial insight to the eft'ects of
the scourge as has just been witnessed in the southern district. This was not only with
the poor, but the rich (who were well able to travel to places of safety) shared tlie
same. Living as they were in huts, stables, outliouse.s, and barn-j^ards, their riches
were nothing to them so long a.s it was not convertible. They were so overcome with
fear that they dared not visit the city to purchase the necessities of life — rather starva-
tion tlian take the chances of an introduction to that foil destroyer.
No one knows what the consequences would have been had not the vigilant eyes
of the workers of the Hebrew Hospital Association succeeded in ferreting out their
abode and rendering them timely a.<sistance — appearing before them as miraculously
as an angel descending from Jieaven. Many were the prayers and praises receiveil
from parents with but aching heart.s ; many an embrace did I receive from (he widowed
mother and helpless orphans, who looked upon me as their preserver. "No one to lielp
me, none to care for me and my dear children I" was the exolamation of many.
418
APPENDIX.
But receiving the assurance desired, which we gave with a willing hand, many a
beating heart was soothed, — many a tear was saved. The extent of the snfiering during
this fever will never be known. Father bereft of mother, mother bereft of children,
brothers of brothers, and sisters of sisters. To listen to the lamentations of the sick,
the moans and groans of the dying, and when the last and solemn rites were performed
to the dead, the weeping and sorrow was almost unendurable. Such sights made us
weep — such sights gave us courage. With renewed vigor and a stout heart we added
extra exertions to continue our good work. When death closed the eyes of many
mothers, we took the precious little ones in charge and gave them as comfortable a
home as possible, cheering them up and drowning their sorrows. Notwithstanding
our limited help every appeal made to us was answered promptly, whether in the city
or miles in the country— rain or shine, day or night, we were always there. Nothing
was left undone, nor money spared to relieve the wants of the sufl'ering. Although the
funds of the Association were low, no one wanted. As an active member of the
Howard Association, and visitor of the Citizens' Relief Committee, I was enabled to
procure such necessaries as money would not procure at that time.
My attention was not limited to the Israelites alone, but to all denominations, both
white and black. Nor did I limit myself to alleviating solely their Avants. As a pre-
scriber for the cure of yellow fever, I made an unbounded success — a thing I am most
jjroud of. Having treated, personally, over one hundred cases (many Yehudim),
without the use of medicine, 1 have the extreme pleasure of saying that I have not
lost one single case. I could furnish names of every one treated, but it would not be
essential upon this occasion. Many families liailed my appearance with delight, and
only regretted I did not appear sooner, so as to follow my advice.
The acts of heroism displayed by many are known, but not too well. Out of the
officers comprising the Association, every one had left, leaving their duties and funds
to outsiders. How well these men did the work we leave for yon to determine. One
thing I can say, a braver and nobler band never existed. Always in the worst of the
storm, doing most heroic acts and sacrificing their lives for the sake of others. Is it
not braver for one to risk his life for strangers than one of his own kin? A man may
pay every attention to his own family, and there let his responsibility rest. But where
one possessed of talent, highly educated and experienced — wealth, family, and all luxu-
ries that can be possessed — lays down his life for the benefit of others, such a man must
be a hero. When the name of Nathan D. Menken, the brave and noble martyr, was
flashed across the wires upon that fatal day, September 2d, telling of his heroic death,
what a blow it was to mankind ! I can surmise the feeling abroad. But when those
that stood by him in his hour of peril were compelled to look upon all that remained
of him, it was heart-rending. Every one ceased from their daily labor and discussed
the subject. If there ever was hard feeling against him, it was forgotten then. If ever
tears were shed, it was then. Although gone to a better world, his presence is in the
heart of every one. Who would die a nobler death ? What a blow to me and all of us!
Left, as I was, alone to follow my daily pursuits singly, for seven weeks, visiting the
sick and burying the dead, his name came from more than one sick one that missed
him. My hopes were almost blighted. But succor came in the way of one who has
won a place in my bosom — that made a tie of friendship that can never be cut asunder
excejjt by death. Mr. M. Sartorius, who, after a struggle with the monster held the
upper hand and came out victorious, relieved me for a few days when about to fall
from nervous prostration. He proved himself capable of the trying work, and, Avith a
firm resolution and a determined heart, has done heroic acts never to be forgotten. He
was amongst the sick and well, and when death closed the eyes of the suffering he did
not shrink from performing that delicate work.
Dr. Julius Wise, the only Jewish resident physician on active duty, did good and
noble work. He labored with a zeal and earnestness that is claimed by many anfl
earned by few. After a long attack with the fever, he is again on duty, Avith much
more experience. Mr. Dave Eiseman remained with us part of the time. As treas-
urer, he did good and faithful service, receiving contributions and relieving the Avants
of the needy and securing all transportation to more congenial climes.
Mr. L. Iglauer, Avho recovered from an attack of the fever, produced by his untir-
ing devotion to his partner, N. D. Menken, has left us to return no more. Contrary to
the Avishes of his physician and friends, he returned to his former home, to die amongst
his relations. Among the others deserving mention are H. I. Simmons, David Thilman,
Louis Daltroof, and Sim. L. Barinds.
To the contributors, HoAvard Association, Citizens' Relief Committee, Southern
Express Company, Western Union Telegraph Company, and the press throughout the
country, Ave owe a debt of gratitude long to be remembered.
APPENDIX.
419
EECAPITULATION.
Number of families sent away 144
Number of persons assisted 337
Number of persons sick 223
Number of persons died 85
Number of full orphans 82
Number of lialf orphans 46
JACOB KOHLBEKG, Acting President.
EECEIPTS.
Au?. 30. Hphrpw Benovolent Society, Mobile. $")n 00
Sept. 23. Tlirii' M. rimaii, Miiutgoinery 2.5 00
24. Ladies' Beiiev(Jleiit .Society, Mobile... 50 00
24. Coll.. Greenville 1" 00
Oct. 3. Israelites, tliro' H. Fox, Moiitvale 5 00
s. " " " " ti 00
8. Concordia Lodge, 1.52. Uniontown 71 75
24. Marengo Ldg.,2S3,I.O.B.B.,Demopolis. 50 00
Total $274 75
Sept. 2. M. Isaacs. Forrest City $50 00
30. Jennie and (iertie Mook. Hot Springs 1 00
Oct. 5. PlKenix Lodge, 27!», I. O. B. B., Pine
Blntr. 20 00
28. Citizens of Hot Springs 15 00
Total $813 00
CAMFORMIA.
Sept. 30. Thro' Dr. E. Cohen, .San Francisco.. ..$500 00
Oct. 14. Will of M. Reese, Sau Frauci.seo 2oi) OJ
Total $700 00
NORTH OAKOI.ISfA.
Ang. 31. S. Hammonlongli, Kingston $1 00
Sept. 26. Manhattan Lodge, I5S, K. .S. B., Wil-
mington 25 00
Oct. 9. Thro' .Tulius Ash, Uoldsboro 15 20
24. Cong. Bnai Israel, Tarboro 15 00
27. North State Lodge, 222, 1. O. B. B.,
Wilmington 35 00
Total. $:U 20
SOITTII CAROL,INA.
Nov. 1. Dan Lodge, 93, I. O. B. B., Charleston. $50 00
Dec. 1. Cong. Beth Elohim, Charleston Ill 25
Total $1«1 25
CONNECTICUT.
Oct. 11. Abraham Lodge, 89, I. O. B. B.,
Bridgeport $5 Oi)
DI.STKICT OF COIiU.IIRIA.
Sept.27. Capital Lodge, 131, K. S. B., Wash-
ington $25 00
Oct. 24. Grace Agular Lodge, 117, I. O. B. B.,
Washington 15 00
Total $10 00
OEOR4>iI.4.
Sept. 2. Hebrew Benevolent Soc, Savannah. .$100 00
17. Cong. Beth Israel, Macon .50 00
19. .Toseph Ldg., 7(i. I.O. B. B., Savannah. 40 00
•21. Hebrew Benevolent Soc, Savannah.. 100 00
• 28. Georgia Ldg.. 151, K. S. B., Savannah. 25 00
2B. Sigmnnd Mendel, Savannah 20 00
30. Savannah Lodge, No. 317, 1. O. B. B... .50 00
0?t. 3. Atlanta Benevolent Soc, Atlanta 15 00
li. Citizens, thro' M. Mver. Athens 70 00
11. CoUiinbus Ldg..77, 1.O B.B ,Col'mb's. 10 UO
11. Georgia Ldg., 207, I, O. B. B., Thomas-
ville 15 01
24. Helirew Congregation. Thomasville.. 10 00
24. Maiachi Ldg., 146, I. O. B. B., Macon. 27 20
Nov. 2. Joseph Ldg. ,"76. 1. O. B. B.. Savannah. 25 00
5. Coll. thro' E. B. M. Browne. Atlanta. .50 00
Dec 1. Micha Lodge, 147, I. O. B. B., Albany. 27 00
Total $034 20
Aug.27. H. Felsenthal. Aurora $100 00
31. J. Lessnr, Qiiinev 165 (lO
31. L;idii>s otSpnngfield 25.50
Sept. 4. Liidies of SpringflHld 72 OJ
6. Illinnis I.dg,, 264. I. O. B. B., Chicago.. 25 00
16. Thro' Stetiaiier Bros., Chicago 185 00
Sept. 19. I. n. B. B.. Chicago S200 00
2:i. sisters of Peacn, Cbirago loo (ill
Oct. 3. Mr. and .Mrs. Frci, Kansas 5 00
3. Ziiiii Siii ii-tv, Cliii-agci 25 01)
10. 'I'luo' H. L. Frank, Chicago 309 25
15. .Sinai Congregation. Chicago 400 00
17. Illinois Ldg., '264, I. O. B. B., Chicago. 40 00
21. Deborah Verein, Chicago 25 oo
Total $1676 75
IN»IAN.A.
Aug. .30. Tbro'Mr.s. S. Loeb. Ligonier $42 00
30. Thro' Jlax Frank, Fort XVayne 35 00
30. Rebecca \'erein. Mt. Vernon 15 00
Sept.23. Tree of lAh- Society, Indianapolis 75 0(1
25. B, Lowell haii|it, Mt. Vernon 25 00
27. C. Knelter, Indianapolis 3 .50
27. Rebecca Verein. M t. Vernon 18 00
Nov. 1. Barzillai Ldg., Ill, I.O. B.B, Lafayette. 12 00
28. Ang. Brantann, Pres. K. S. B., Evans-
ville 25 00
Total $:50 50
HXSSAS.
Ang. 31. W. B. Haas, Leavenworth $50 00
Oct. 15. S. Bariiuni-& Co., Topeka 10 oo
Total $60 00
KENTUCKY.
Sept. 17. Yellow Fever Committee, Louisville.$10n ro
27. H. Herman, Louisville 10 00
Oct. 4. Thro' Bernheim A C:o., Paducah 3.) no
Nov. 1. Harmony Ldg., 149,1.0. B.B.,Paducah. 10 oo
Total $155 01)
tOUE.SIANA.
Sept. 11. La. Lodge, J07, I. O. B. B.. Shreveport. $25 nO
12. Tliro' J. G. Deveren.v:, Shreveport 102 no
Oct. '24. La. Lodge. 107, I. O.B. B.. Shreveport. 25 00
24. Jordan Ldg., 102, O.K.S.B., Shrevep't. 25 00
Total $177 00
M.VRYI.ANI>.
Sept.27. Baltimore Ileb. Ben. Soc, Baltimore.$500 CO
MASSACHUS F.TTS.
Sept. 13. Mendol.ssolm Lodge, '25, I. O. B. B.,
Boston : $20 00
.1HCHIG.VN.
St'pt.30. Congrgation Beth El, Detroit $13.S 00
Oct. 11. Charity Ldg., 14, I. O. F. S. I., Detroit. 10 i 0
Total $'-18 00
MINNESOTA.
Aug. 26. R. Reis & Gumbach, Minneapolis $52 .50
MISSISSIPPI.
Sept. 16. Citizehs. thro' F. Ilarpman, Corinth.. $25 no
■^1 II G. Lodge, 7, I. O.B.B., Natchez 75 00
27 Through K. Pfeifer, Brookhaven 15 00
"7 Tlii'iiugh S. xVbralims, Kosciusko 25 00
30. D. G. Lodge, 7, LO.B.B., Natchez 75 00
Oct. 1. D. G. Lodge, 7. I.O.B.B.. Natchez .50 no
1. Ezra Lodge, 134, 1.O.B.B., Natchez .50 UO
Tot.al $^»5 SO
MI.SSOURI.
Seiit 11. St. Louis Lodges, St. Louis $100 00
"fi Througli B. Singer, .St. Louis -JiiO oo
■27 Through B. Ford. Mineral Point 9 75
30. D. G. Lodge, 2, I.O.F.S.I.. St. Louis 75 no
Oct 3. St. Louis Lodges, .St. Li>u is .5n O)
3. Missouri Lodge,25,I.O.F.S.I.,St.Louis. 25 00
Total - ^59 75
420
APPENDIX.
NEW JERSEY.
Sept. 27. Youns Men's Heb. Ass'n, Newark SoD 00
Oct. 3. Noali Lodge, 18.3, 1.O.ii.B., Hoboken... 25 00
Total S7.5 00
NEW YORK.
Sept. 20. Through Henry Kice, New Vork 8187.5 00
21). Temple Emanuel, New York 212 OJ
20. Mt. Sinai Lodge, I.O.B.B., New York. 4.30 00
20. YouDgLidies'Cliaritable Union, N.V. 40 00
21. Yellow Fever Relief Com., N. Y 500 00
23. Yellow Fever Relief Com., N. Y 500 00
23. Mrs. S. Tuska, New York 5 00
23. Thrciusrli Mrs. F. Colien. Saugerties.... 33 50
25. Akiba Eier Lodge, 2f>, K.S.B.. N. Y... 25 00
Oot. 6. Dr. M. LaiKlsl)erg'.s Con., Rochester... 150 00
7. Ladies' Heb. Ben. Society, Troy 25 00
7. Through Menken Bros., New York... 19 40
Nov. 1. Union Lodge, 31, 1. 0.F.S.L, Brooklyn. 15 00
Total S3849 90
4»99II«>.
Aug. 2:1. Collections, Dayton S80 00
23. Through Israelite and Deborah, Cin... 15 00
28. Through Seasongood ife Sons, Cin 200 CO
31. Grand Lod-e, 2, I.O.B.B., Cincinnati.. 100 00
Sept. 2. Dr. Anil, ( 'inci iinati 10 00
7. Grand Li>dg,\ 2. I. O.B.B., Cincinnati.. 100 00
14. Southern Relief Com., Cleveland 100 00
14. Through Israelite and Deborah, Cin... 100 0)
10. Thro' stix, Krouse & Co., Cincinnati.. 240 00
](>. Thro' Dr. Lilienthal, Cincinnati 12 00
21. Southern Relief Com.. Cincinnati 500 00
•24. Thro, Israelite and Deborah, Cin 217 00
24. Thro' Dr. Lilienthal, Chicinnati 15 00
27. Southern Relief Com., Cincinnati 230 00
27. Hebrew Relief Com., Cleveland 100 00
27. Daughters of Israel, Cleveland 100 03
Oct. 3. Lodges, thro' H.Janowitz, Cleveland. 50 00
3. Bertha Eberhard and others 50 00
3. Dist. <ir. Lodge, 2, I.O.B.B., Cin 100 00
3. King Solomon Lodge, Zi, I.O.F.S.I.,
Cleveland 5 00
fi. Through Israelite and Heburah, Cin... 100 00
7. Citizens' Relief Com., Toledo 50 00
2'.". Through Israelite and Deborah, Cin... 100 00
Nov. 1.3. Gr. Lodge, 2, I.O.B.B., Cincinnati 41 20
22. Wolfgang Speyer, Cincinnati 8 00
Total 82(343 20
IPENXSYI^VANIA.
Aug. 31. German National Bank, Pittsburgh. 870 00
Sept. 11. Grand Lodge, K.S.B., Philadelphia... .30 00
13. I.O.K.S.B., Erie 103 '25
20. Grand Lodge. K.S.B., Philadelphia... 50 00
20. .Teshurun Lo.lg>\ .39. I.O.B.R., Phila... 50 00
23. Thro'S. VendiL; cic ( ;. H. Judah, Phila. 67 00
23. Franklin Lml^'.', K.S.R., 43, Phila 10 00
23. Rebecca Lodije, K.S.B., Phila 10 00
23. Through A. T. Jones, Phila 19 00
23. Congregation Rodef fSholem, Phila... 3fi 23
■23. Potsdamer cfe Co., Phila 4 00
24. Covenant Lodge, 06, K.S.B., Phila 10 00
20. Coni;regation Mickve Israel, Phila... .50 00
26. D.G." Lodge, 6, I.O.B.B., Phila 200 00
20. Rodef Sholem Lodge, 129, I.O.B.B.,
Wilkesbarre 10 00
26. Montefoire Lodge, 108, K.S.B., VVil-
liamsport 5 00
Sept. 30. I.e. F.S.I Lodges, 19, 16, 17, 4, Wil-
lianisport $.35 OO
30. Union Lodge, 124, I.O.B.B., Pottsville. 5 00
Oct. 1. Era Lodge, 7, 1.0. F.S.I. , Pbila 10 00
1. Franklin Club. Phila luo ijO
•I. Fianklin Lcid;;i.. ij i.F.s.l., I'hila.. 32 00
3. Cong. Hons.. Israel, I'hila .30 00
3. Cremeiu.'c l.oa;;e. h:i, I.G.B.H., Phila... 10 no
4. Har Moriali Lod^e. in, I.G.B.H., Pliila. 5 (JO
4. I'art pn i. l ai r .(ewisli Temple. Phila. 25 IKI
4. llnbrew SniKl ly-sehool, I'hila 14 37
4. .\u^llai Kue-tli Sabbath-school, Phila. 2 90
4. LiM.ii R.is.,kani, Puila . 3 ''5
4. Leah Ld.lge, 3, F.IJ. of I. Phila 5 OO
4. Sholem Lodge. 1.34. I.O.B.Ii., Allegh'v 35 00
10. Jericho Lodge, 44, I.O.B.B., Pittsbgii .30 00
11. GeorgH Jacobs. Phila 20 00
14. Isaac NuBbaum, Phila 10 On
24. Har.Nevoh L.idse, 12, I.O.B.B., Phila. 10 00
24. M. Loweiithal. Phila 2 00
24. \Vyomini; Lodge, 16, 1. 0.F.S.I., Wilkes-
barre 5 00
Nov. 1. Garrick Literarv Ass'n, Phila 7 no
5. D. G. Lodge, 4, K.S.B.. Phila 15 00
5. Mordecai Lodge, .30. K.S.B. I'hila 5 00
5. Hiram Lodge, 46, K..S.B., Phila 5 00
5. EtzChaim Lodge, 205, 1.O.B.B., Phila.. 5 00
Total 81221 00
TENNESSEE.
Sept. 4. Contribution, from Dyersburg 8.30 on
17. Thro' A. Oehs, Chattanooga '27 75
19. Citizens', Relief Com., Memphis .500 00
21. Throuah Ma.x Sa.\, Nashville 400 00
21. Through J. Friedlnl., .laekson 52 05
23. HowardAssociatiiin.Meujphis .500 00
2.5. Will of Charles Grtipe, Memphis 29 00
.30. S. Bejah, Moscow 10 00
Oct. 14. Through Leo Jonas, Columbia 10 90
14. Collections from other sources 92 '25
Total .S1678 95
T£X.4S.
Sept. 2. M. Hockstadter, Fort Worth $30 00
16. Ladies' Heb. Ben. Soc, Galveston .30 00
19. Hebrew Ben. Soc, Galveston 150 CO
19. Heb. Ben. Soc. ( Leoii <t Blum) 300 00
Oct. 24. Lone Star Lodge. 210, 1.O.B.B., Hous-
ton 30 00
Total S5S0 00
VIROINIA.
Sept. 17. Ladies' Heb. Een. Ass'n, Richmond... ?35 00
17. M. Millheiser, Richmond 10 00
27. Cong. Rodef Sholem. Petersburg 34 00
Oct. 24. M. Millheiser. Richmond Ill 00
Nov. 1. Cong. Beth Ahaba, Richmond "24 00
Total 8103 00
WISCONSIN.
Oct. 23. Ladies' Emanuel Soc. IMilwaukee $81 21
Kept. 24. Thro' D.Adler&E. Friend, Milw'kee 100 00
Total 8181 21
Gi-and Total 816,139 6S
EXPENDITURES. "
For supplies $1,00,5 60
For muses 508 05
For livery and wagons 409 50
For labor 293 50
For physicians 1,108 00
For drugs 144 20
For funerals. 1,293 00
For support and transportation of families 7,032 65
For donations to distressed families returned, and supplies for
orphans 1,556 30
For Hebrew Relief Association for distressed families 1,500 00
Dae piiysicians, and sundries as per vouchers, unpaid 475 00
For sundries 1,366 15
Total 16,691 95
Balance for contingent fund §10,000 00
APPENDIX.
421
REPORT OF THE KNIGHTS OF HONOR CENTRAL RELIEF
COMMITTEE.
MEMBERS.
From Memphis Lodge, No. 190—11. M. Gage, M. A. Telford (died Sept. 1), and .J.
H. Banks (absenl, vacancy not filled). '
From Unity Lodge, No. 217— Anthony Boss, Henry Clements (died Aug. 29), and T.
B. Allen.
From Chelsea Lodge, No. 280— Geo. B. Elliott (died Sept. 12), P. G. Kennett and J
P. Prescott. '
From Fountain Lodge, No. 29(i— .L B. Aldrich, E. Frederick (died Sept. 18), Barney
Hughes, J. M. .Johnson (in place of E. Frederick).
From Gerniaiiia Lodge, No. 309— Kev. A. Thomas (died Sept. 3), Max Herman (died
Sept. 14), .lohn Brenner. Chas. Meyers.
From Diamond Lodge, No. 583 — L. B. Reuhenstein, served a few davs only.
Committee organized August 21, 1878, by electing H. M. Gage, President; Henry
Clements, 1st Vice-President ; .L B. Aldricli, 2d Vice-President (Aug. 29) ; Max Herman,
1st Secretary (died Sept. 11) ; C. F. Aaron, 2d Secretary, Sept. 7 to 12 (died Sejjt. 18) ; j'.
P. Prescott, 3d Secretary, Sept. 13 ; W. J. Berlin, 1st Treasurer (resigned Aug. 30); John
A. Holt, 2d Treasurer, Aug. 31 (died Oct. 6); Rev. A. Thomas, 1st Supt. Nurses (died
Sept. 3) ; Geo. B. Elliott, 2d Supt. Nurses (died Sept. 12); C. W. Hofl'man, 3d Supt. Nurse.s,
Sept. 15 to Oct. 5; C. V. Snell, 4th Supt. Nrrses, Oct. 0 to 28 ; E, Frederick, Commissary,
to Sept. 11 (died Sept. 18j ; J. M. John.son, Commissary, from Sept. 12.
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY.
C.ises. Eecovcred. Died.
Members 153 47 100
Wives 06 40 20
Children 107 77 30
Relatives 20 13 7
Totals 340 183 103
EXPLANATION AS TO MEMBERS.
Number of members who were sick and died (one out of the city) on or before August
21, 1878 7
Number of members who died, attended by their own families or other pei'sons, or by
another society (twelve out of the city) 44
Number of members who recovered, attended, one by own family, the other by a
society 2
Number <i\' members who died after sickness of thi'ee days or longer, but committee
notified only one day bel'ore deatli 7
Number of members who died, and committee notified only two days before death... 7
Number of mendjers who died, and committee notified three days or more before
death, nursed and attended to by tliem 42
Number of members who recovered, having been nursed and attended to by the com-
mittee 44
Total, as above 153
SUPPLIES CONTRIBUTED.
1878.
Se])t. 11. From C. A. Robinson, "\Vm. Meyers, and "W. II. Fariss, Relief Com., K. of II.,
Hnnisville, Ala., 50 dozen eggs, 100 chickens.
13. Fi'om Limestone, No. 1132, Limestone, Teiin., 13 sacks flour, 50 poumls each.
10. From (i:ite City, No. 310. Atlanta, Ga., 2 ca.ses Rhine wine, doz. caiuied beef, 2
bushels meal, .1 dozen cans ox-tail soup, 1 barrel grits, 100 pounds flour, 1
jiound tea, 4 pounds coflTee, 11 pounds sugar, 10 pounds l ice, 1 gallon wliisky,
1 dozen jellies, 2 dozen cans tomatoes, 2 dozen lemons.
18. From Tentonia, No. Ill, Knoxville, Tenn., 1 can butter, 1 case eggs.
18. From Lord Baltimore, No. 275, Baltimore, Md., 2 dozen cans peaches, 1 bale
socks, 2 packages sugar, 2 ditzen assorted jellies, A dozen packages ground
coflfee, 3 cans extract beef, 0 packages tea, 1 can fruit, 1 sack coffee, 1 box
candy, 1 jug sheriy wine (from R. T. Duncan).
422
APPE^■DIX.
Sept. 22. Fi'om Teiitoniu, Xo. 141, Knoxville, Tenn., 1 coop chickens, 1 barrel onions.
22. From citizens of Scottsboro, Al:i., tliruugh Bro. Snodgrass, 2 boxes egg.s.
Oct. 8. From Success, No. 773, \Varriur, Ala., 30 .sacks flour.
8. P'rom Mai-ylaiui, No. 1133, Baltimore, Md., 8 jar.s assorted jellies, 7 papers corn
starch, 28 glasses assorted jellies, 1 paper gelatine.
10. From Teutonia, No. 141, Knoxville, Tenn., 1 coop chickens, 1 case eggs.
10. Fi-cmi Oriental, No. 532, Careyville, Tenn., 2 coops chickens.
10. From L. K. Byers, Altoona, 111., 1 keg wine.
EECEIPTS.
1S78.
Aug. 21. Germania Lodge, 369, Memphis §25 00
21. I^ouiitaiii Lodge, 296, Memphis 2.") 00
22. Diamond Lodge, •")»:), Memphis 2o 00
23. Chelsea Lodge, 2S0, Memphis 25 00
2;j. Unity Lodge, 217, Memphis 2a 00
2:3. Memphis Lodge, 196, Memphis '25 00
24. Central, 2."):i, Columbia, Tenn 50 00
26. Lineoli], -I'iii, St. Louis, Mo 10 00
26. Martin Schmidt, of Corona, No. 5:!7.... .5 00
27. Fayetteville, ISI, Fayetteville, Tenn.. 2.5 00
27. N. L. Avery, of llnitv, 217 2 00
2ti. Kose City, 1090, Little Hock, Ark 2o 00
28. Germania, 910, Little Koclc, Ark 30 00
28. Eureka, 613, Piedmont, W. Va,... 10 00
2a. Kelief Com., K. of H., Cincinnati, O.,
thro'L. Wilson, G. V. D. of Ohio.... 100 00
20. Members W. B. Hoke, 177, Louisviile,
Ky 31 75
29. Citizens of Princeton, K}'. tof all re-
ligions), thro' J. S. Hawthorn, V. D.
of 685 53 10
29. Members Peerless, 403, Springfield, 111. 20 OO
.30. Little Rock, 454, Little Rock, Ark 100 00
30. Central, 104, Louisville, Ky 10 00
30, Relief Com-, K. of H., Cincinnati, O.,
thro' L. Wilson, G. V. D. of Ohio.... fiO 00
30. Monitor, 879, Columbus, Neb 25 00
31. E.xcelsior, 4, Louisville, Ky 20 00
31. Mystic, 212, Louisville, Ky 20 00
31. Toledo. 73, Toledo, 0 25 00
31. A. L. Kieber, 679, Butler, Pa 7 50
Sept. 2. Franklin, 320, Franklin, Ky 20 00
2. Una. 518, Lexington, Ky 25 00
2. Glasgow, 263, Glasgow, Ky 25 00
2. Crescent, 413, Tuscumbia, Ala 50 00
2. Thos. Turley 8 00
2. D. F. (ioodyear, Grand Treasurer 561 00
2. Christian, 820, Hopkinsville, Ky 50 00
2. Di.xon, .569, Henderson, Ky 25 00
2. North Star, 803. Kasson.Minn 25 00
3. Jefferson, 5, Louisville, Ky 25 00
3. Lee, 713, Marianna, Ark 25 00
5. Centennial, 200, Louisville, Ky 25 00
6. Relief Cora., K. of H., Cincinnati, O... 100 00
6. Alpha. 37, and Germania, 38, K. & L.
of H., Cincinnati, O., thro' L.Wil-
son, G. V. D. of Ohio 20 00
6. Austin, 418, Austin, Texas 50 00
6. Cedartown, 273. Cedartown, Ga 6 ]0
6. Omaha, 829, Omaha, Neb 25 00
6. Golden, 1, Louisville, Kv 25 00
6. Boyle, 38). Danville, Ky 25 00
fi. Brother Keneyld 5 00
7. Plattsmouth, 104.3, Plattsniouth, Neb.. 25 OU
7. Fremont, 859, Fremont, Neb 10 00
9. D. F. Goodyear, Grand Treasurer 525 00
10. Mystic, 212, Louisville, K\- .50 00
10. Abraham Lincoln, 710, Detroit, Mich. 50 00
10. Little Rock, 4.52, Little Kock, Ark 50 00
10. Alpha. 424, Wheeling, W. Va 25 00
11. Georgia, 127, Atlanta. Ga :oo 00
11. Washington, 455, Paducah, Ky 25 00
11. Schiller, 400, St. Louis, Mo 50 00
11. R. E. Lee, 6, Louisville. Ky 12 .50
H. S. U. Shepard, G. D., Augusta, Ga 150 00
11. Harilin, 249. Elizabethtown. Kv 98 40
11. Nebraska r'ity, 925, Neb. City, Neb 40 00
12. Cliristian. 82(1, lloiiki nsville, Ky 69 15
12. Hero, 991, Elhngham, 111 17 25
12. Keokuk. .Ml, Keokuk, Iowa 25 00
12. Illinois, 2U8, East St. Louis, 111 50 00
1878.
Sept. 12. Warren, 248, Bowling Green, Ky SIO 00
12. Marion, 6111, Indianajiolis, Ind..' 10 00
13. D. F. Goodyear, Grand Treasurer 3.50 00
14. Relief Com.. K. of H., Cincinnati, O... 90 00
14. Ja.s. A. Mathews 10 00
14. Ely. 45, Corry, Pa 25 00
14. Iron Banks. .sii2, Columbus, Ky 25 00
14. Jlizpali, .V-2, Sin-inglield, Ky 25 00
14. s. 11. Slii-|iaid, ci. D., Augusta, Ga 100 00
15. C. IL. Cogswell, G.D. .Cellar Rapids, la. 15 00
16. Adelplii. 1159, Little Rock. Ark 50 00
17. D. F. Goodyear, Grand Tieasurer 500 00
18. W. B. Hoke, 177. Louisville, Kv 13 15
18. Muhlenberg. 908, Greenville, Kv 25 00
18. Saunders, 974, Wahoo, Neb ' 11 00
18. Centennial, 200, Louisville, Ky 10 00
18. S. L. Finley, Benton, Tenn 5 00
19. S. H. Shepard, G. D.. Augusta. Ga 150 00
19. Lincoln, 430, St. Louis, Mo 25 00
20. Crescent, 413, Tuscumbia. Ala 4 00
20. North Star, 803. Kasson^ Minn 25 00
20. Mrs. A. W. Anthony. Kasson, Minn.. 5 00
20. Indianapolis. 14, Indianapolis, Ind 8 '25
20. Arminius, 7, Louisville, Ky 106 00
20. f.H.Cnuswcll,(i.D .Cedar Rapids, la. 33 00
21. W. L.Woud.G. Rep., Indianapolis, Ind. 100 00
21. D. F. Goodyear, Grand Treasurer '250 00
23. •• " " '• 500 00
25. .S. H. Shepard, G. D., Augusta, Ga 50 00
20. D. F. Goodyear. Grand Treasurer 500 00
'20. Dayton, 23, Dayton, Ohio 50 00
2/. D. F. Goodyear, Grand Treasurer 250 00
28. " " " " 82 00
•28. Amo, 274, Lagrange, Kv '25 00
30. St. Francis, 492, Forrest City, Ark 25 00
30. D. F. Goodyear, Grand Treasurer 50O 00
Oct. 1. " " " " 500 00
2. " " " " 183 58
2. C. M. Haywood, G. T.. Oswego, N. Y.. 100 OO
2. Centennial, 200, Louisville, Ky '20 00
3. D. F. Goodyear, Grand Treasurer 154 50
7. " " " " 311 '25
8. " " " " 124 10
8 " " " " 100 00
8. Little Rock, 4.52, Little Rock, Ark 6 50
9. D. F. Goodyear, Grand Treasurer 122 43
11. " •• " ■■ '259 no
12. Riverside, 9.')9. Camden, Ark 10 00
12. Piedmont, .5.58, Statesville.N.C 25 00
14. D. F. Goodyear, Grand Treasurer 26s 50
16. " " " " 218 00
18. S. H. Shepard. G. D., Augusta, Ga. 60 DO
18. Crescent, 413, Tuscumbia, Ala 34 60
19. D. F. Goodyear, Grand Treasurer. 502 SO
20. C. »r. Haywood. G. T.. Oswego, N. Y. 100 00
26. H. W. Itiibinson, for ladies of Bridge- ■
jioi t, .Mirh 17 00
20. Toledo. 7.!, Toledo. 0 25 00
26. D. F. Goodvear, Grand Treasurer 672 15
30. " ■'' " " 471 00
30. Sales of rations 64 40
Nov. 5. D. F. Goodvear. Grand Treasurer 112 35
Dec. 9. W. L.Wood, G.Rep.,Indianapolis, Ind. 2180
15. D. F. Goodvear, Grand Treasurer 465 70
]5 " " '• " 1,57 60
]5 " " " " 408 .50
fl. " " " " 707 00
1S70.
Jan. 16. " " " " G63 05
Feb. 5. C. Ft. Eaton, G. Rep., Boston, Mass.... 10 00
20. G. T. Smith, Newark, N. J 56 00
EECAPITULATION.
From Memphis lodges $150 00
P'rom otlier lodges and sources 3,617 00
From D. F. Goodyear, gi-and treasurer 10,415 53
Total
$14,182 53
APPENDIX.
423
DISBUESEMENTS.
For nurses §6,704 31
Fur burial expenses 667 50
For expenses 2,013 85
For supplies... 2,066 02
For physicians 1,639 65
Eeniittances to other places for relief of K. of H 850 00
Total $13,941 33
Balance in hand 241 20
There still remains several physicians' bills unsettled (balances on some of them),
the aggregate of which considerably exceed the amount remaining in the haiuls of the
committee.
INDEPENDENT ORDER OF IMUTUAL AID.
ORGANIZED xVUGUST 18, 1878.
S. A. Taylor, Secretary.
J. C. Shehan, C. Hoflman, W. F. Sheppy, J.
H. ^Slleppard, Asst. Sup't Nurses.
206
98
36
72
DEATHS.
Members 63
Wives of brothers 10
Children and relatives 21
Total number 94
Amount received and disbursed $3,385 81
ADDRESS OF SUPREME PRESIDENT.
Memphis, Tenn., November 1, 1878.
To the Members of the I. 0. M. A.:
Brothers, — As you are by this timc\vell aware, a fearful pestilence lias swept over a
portion of our dominion, and carried with it many of our lirethren.
(Names of members and otlier information concerning their deatli, as requii-ed, will
be duly forwarded by the Supreme Secretary when the official returns are received in full.)
Some contracted the disease at its earliest incipiency, others yieUled up their lives,
noble martyrs, to the great cause of brotherly love and liumanity. Accoiding to our
laws, the families of the deceased are entitled to tlie mutual aid benefits which our order
guarantees. This may appear to some an enormous amount, and beyond our ability to
meet, yet by united efforts it may soon bo accomplished.
Your Supreme President feels that it is not necessary to appeal to the honor and
manhood of the I. O. M. A. to stand firm in this our hour of trial, believing it is only
recpiisite to lay a plain statement of facts before you, feeling assured that your own con-
sciences will dictate your duty in carrying out the obligations that bind, us one and all in
that great indissoluble bond, called brotherhood.
The fundamental principle of onr institution is "Mutual Aid," and nowhere in the
history of organizations, similar to ours, has an order been put to its test so early in its
infancy.
Brothers, to falter now would not only be a death-blow to our organization, but
would show to the world that beneficial societies are not to be trusted in times of epidem-
ics and plagues.
The majority of those who enter societies such as ours are those in moderate cir-
cumstances, and "do so from a sense of honor and duty to their families, feeling that they
have made provision, in case of death, to secure their loved ones above immediate want.
This is the case in nearly every instance among our deceased brothers; and now the
widow's tear and orphan's cry coiiie up to us, not for aid, charity, nor succor, but for their
just and legal rights.
\Vm. McElroy, Chairman.
II. Buttenberg, Sup't Nurses.
J. C. Thrall, Treasurer.
Whole number sick
Brothers of this order..
Wives of members
Children and relatives
424
APPENDIX.
We promised tlio Imsband and father that his dear ones shouhl receive two thousand
dollars and accrued assessments upon his demise. We assured the hrotliers ojenerallv that
their legal heirs, whoever they may he, the same. Shall we tail to fulfill that promise
so faithfully made? The response comes from each and every heart, "No! thev must
and shall be paid." In order to meet these payments your Supreme President deems it
advisable to make yellow fever assessments "s|)ecial," and not to send out more than two
each month, paying the beneficiaries in installments. Asses-sments for deaths from other
causes will be issued regularly.
Feeling confident that the many words of encoui-agement that come to me from
prominent members of our organization, and from lodges who have by resolutions re-
solved to stand by the order, that this reflects the sentiments of the brotherhood at large,
I can continue the discharge of my official duties with renewed zeal, assured that I am
suri'ounded by a band of brothers, who know no such word as fail.
Thankful to an all-wise Providence that the fever is over, and trusting that health
and prosperity will abound with you all, I am Yours in M. A.,
Attest : A. J. KNAPP, Supreme President.
Thos. Baldwin, Supreme Secretary.
ASSOCIATION FOR RELIEF OF FRENCH RESIDENTS.
Isadore Ozanne, Treasurer and Secretary.
Amount received and disbursed, $1760.25.
Number of dead, 37.
KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS.
■ -M. T. Williamson, B. P. Smith, and L. W. Allen, Committee.
Amount received, $4,289.67 ; amount disbursed, $4,039.67.
Number of dead, 22.
ANCIENT ORDER OF UNITED WORKMEN.
RELIEF COMMITTEE ORGANIZED AUGUST 16, 1878.
Saml. A. Payler, Chairman; Geo. E. Tate, Secretary; Henry Brown, Superintendent
Nurses; W. C. Davis, Dr. Quimby, S. B. Robinson, J. A. Wells, Visiting Committee.
Amount received and disbursed, $2,402.15.
Number of deaths, 35. Number of nurses, 28.
REPORT OF TELE MEMPHIS BRANCH OF THE LOUISVILLE AND
NASHVILLE RAILROAD.
During the yellow fever epidemic this road, b}' night and day exertion on the part
of the management, was kejit open throughout, constituting the only avenue to the South
during the dire visitation. The estimated loss from the interruption of traffic is $300,000;
of pounds freight carried free for suH'erers, 1,500,000 lbs.; of persons cariied fr ,e and at
reduced j-ates on account of epidemic, 20,000; money value of free transportation,
$50,000; of employes who died of yellow fever, 71 (see list subjoined); attacked, 145
(see subjoined list); of persons thrown out of employment by decrease of traffic, 500;
estimated loss to employes from interruption of employtnent, S1]0,000; contribu-
tions by officers and emplo^'es to sufferers, $2,000; number of officers and employes,
5.000. The road ran 1,550 miles of special trains, with nurses and supplies for relief of
rural points. The company carefully nursed its own employes, employing doctors and
a staff of nurses for the purpose; and it interred those wiio succumbed, at a cost of
$5,000.
With barely an exception, all the employes stuck to their posts during the continu-
ance of the epidemic, vieng with each other in their devotion to the company and min-
istering to the sick. Employes also in the non-affected districts of the road did not
hesitate to take part in the affected districts.
General Superintendent Eowland, to whom we are indebted for the above figures,
adds :
"So general was the manifestation of devotion on the part of the employes that it
would be hard to give prominence to any particular case, but I do not think any one will
grudge the singling out of Geo. W. Ernest and his wife, who were in charge of the com-
pany's hotel at Paris, Tennessee, and who both succumbed to the fatal destroyer in the
midst of a heroic and devoted attention to the company's sick employes. It is a sad
spot in a sad story. May such another visitation be far distant."
APPEXDIX.
425
YELLOW FEVER VICTIMS.
Class of Emrloyeo. Ko. sick. Died.
Station agents 9 7
Clerks 16 9
Conduetiirs G 3
Baggage-masters 4 2
Biiikemeii 13 8
Engineers Ifi 4
Firemen 19 7
Master mechanics 1 1
Storekeeper 1 0
Yard masters 3 1
Switchmen 2 1
Watchmen 7 5
Class of Eraplo.yee.
Laborers anil porters.
Train dispatchers
Telegraph operators...
Messengers
Section men
ISIechanics
Hotel super inteiidents
Hotel waiters
Hotel laundresses
Nurses
Total
Nearly all of these were on the division of road from Memphis to Pari.s,
No. sick.
Died.
9
5
.. 1
0
r;
Q
O
1
2
.. 23
7
o
2
.. 1
1
1
1
1
1
.. 14.5
71
ri.s Tennessee.
KEPORT OF THE HOX. CASEY YOUNG.
Money received by Casey Young
South during the recent epidemic:
1878.
Aug. 2:3. L. C. Silverman, M. D., Fosto-
lia, Ohio
2C. Hon. Cai ter H. Harrison, Clii-
eago. Ill
81. Hon. U. M. Knanp, Jersey-
vllle. Ill
Sept. 2. Hon. Spencer F. Baird, Wash-
ington, D. U
2. Peter D. Boyle, Wasliington,D.
C, with direction to divide
between Irish Literary Soc.
and Citizens' Relief Ass'n
2. Hon. Addison Oliver, Onona,
Iowa
4. Hon.Dan.M.Henry,Carlisle,JId
5. Hon. Carter H. Hari-ison, Chi-
cago, 111
G. Hon. D.M. Locltwood, Buff.ilo,
N. Y
8. Hon. Thomas J. Henderson,
Princetf)n, 111
8. Officer it Percy, Conneil Blutfs
Iowa, tVoin Hon. W. F. Soi)p
10. Hon. Richard W. Townshend,
Shawneetown, 111
11. Gorghee & Sell, Erie, Pa., pro-
ceeds of concert. Park Oiiera
House
for the benefit of vellow fever sufferers in the
Sfl2 00
COO 00
200 00
40 00
50 00
2.') 00
100 00
400 00
100 00
300 00
200 00
220 00
ISO SO
1S78.
Sept. 11. Hon. AVm. Lathrop, Rockford,
lll.,contiibuted by the Rock-
ford Rifles S
12. Ilon.\Vm.Lallirop,Rockford,IU
12. E. \V. Stanton, Sec. Iowa Agri-
cultural Society, Ames,Iowa
10. Hon. A. H. Hamilton, La-
vcrgne, Ind
12. ('. P. Huntington, through J.
E. (Jutfs 1
William Dickson, See. Relief
<'iiin., W;ishington, I). C
Col. S. Hassclt French, Rich-
mond. Va
(ico. K. King, Rockford, 111
10. INI. jSIcKcogh, < li knc.v Springs,
Va., contribulcil by guests
and employes at Orkney
Si)rings
Hon. l-'iank .Tones, Dover,N.H. 1
l(i. Mrs. Sarali V,. V. Ma.vs, Eliza-
l)etli City,. Aid. ,tbrougli Hon.
F. r!.Stantoii,\\'asliingt'ii,L).C
10. E. S. Wright, jiastor I're.>il)yte-
rian ( 'Inucli, North East, Pa.
Nov. 5. Hon. Wm. Evarts, Secretary of
Stale, Washington, D. C I,
5. T. M. Hodgos, Portsmouth, Va
Oct. 10.
10.
10
10.
103 02
100 00
04 4.5
40 00
,000 00
400 00
o 00
2S0 40
104 .lO
000 00
2.5 00
TO r,4
,000 00
100 00
Eeceived by A. D. Langstafi', and distributed as advised by donors, the follow-
ing sums :
Employes of Collins & Co., Hartford, Conn $113 00
Ames iron Works, Oswego, N. Y 50 00
.Norton Iron Works, Ashland, Kv. 200 00
Miller & Eastmead, New York City 25 00
Total $388 00
The above amounts were distriliuted, in Memphis and other places, in accordance
with the directions which accompanied them when sent to me, except a portion whicli
still remai]is in my hands, and which will be disposed of as directed by the dcmors.
My vinu'hers, receipts, etc , are in Memphis, and I can not at present furtiish a detailed
statement oi disbursements. CASEY Y''OUNG.
W.vsiiiXGTON, D. C, MarcJi '2-5, 1879.
Besides the foregoing there was perhaps S10,000 sent through other individuals who
have not reported, besides over §70,000 sent to the mayiu-, making a total of fully
?S0,O00 in monev contributed for the relief of Memi)his, exclusive of rations, which
■would amount in" money to at least §20,000, making the grand total foot up §100,000.
426
APPENDIX.
REPORT OF THE TELEGRAPHERS.
Statement of receijits and expenses of the Telegraphers' Aid Association at Mem-
phis, Tennessee, during the yellow fever epidemic of 1878.
KECEIPTS.
Cash from Jno. Van Home, Chairman General Eelief, N. Y $2,099 87
Cash from Memphis Employes 50 00
Cash from Jos. W. Fisher, Nashville, Tenn 200 00
Cash from R. G. Bradford, Marianna, Ark 5 00
Cash from A. D. Odell, Washington, Mo 5 00
Cash from W. Parker, Bonapart, Iowa 25
Cash from Manager, Pine Bluff, Ark 25 00
Cash from Manager, Senatobia, Miss 5 00
Cash from Manager, Duvall's Bluff, Ark 5 00
Cash from Manager, Helena, Ark 7 50
Cash from United vStates Signal Sergeant, Wm. McElroy 5 00
Cash from Sale of Infirmary effects 25 50
Total $2,433 12
EXPEisSES.
Voucher No. 1. Medical attention — •
Memphis, Tenn $559 00
Paris, Tenn 10 00
McKenzie, Tenn 40 00
Voucher No. 2. Medicines— — 609 00
Memphis, Tenn 113 45
Paris, Tenn 13 20
Grenada, Miss 9 00
Decatur, Ala 1 50
McKenzie, Tenn 3 50
Voucher No. 3. Wines and liquors — — 140 65
Memphis, Tenn 110 15
Voucher No. 4. Provisions — - — — — 110 15
Memphis, Tenn 65 73
Voucher No. 5. Infirmary — 65 73
Memphis, Tenn 328 31
McKenzie, Tenn 5 00
Voucher No. 6. Burials — ■ 333 31
McKenzie, Tenn 20 00
Memphis, Tenn 846 00
Voucher No. 7. Miscellaneous — ■ 866 00
Memphis, Tenn..'. 59 03
Grenada, Miss 50 00
Louisville, Ky 46 25
Paris, Tenn 21 00
McKenzie, Tenn 27 00
Amount advanced G. M. Dugan, Jackson, Tenn., for dis-
tribution 100 00
Cash remitted to Jno. Van Horne, Chairman, New York. 5 00
303 28
5 00
$2,4.33 12
The following persons were under the care of this Association at this point.
J. W. McDonald, volunteer, Cincinnati, O.,
died.
C. R. Langford, volunteer, Montgomery,
Ala., died.
Thomas Hood, volunteer, Memphis, Tenn.,
died.
J. E. Henricle, volunteer, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
died.
A. S. Hawkins, volunteer, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
died.
IT M. Goewey, volunteer, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
died.
J. Howard Allen, volunteer, Chillicothe,0.,
> 1 3 J I - .
died. I died
M. J. Keyer, volunteer, Louisville, Ky.,
APPENDIX.
427
\V. n. Mynatt, operalnr, Memphis, Tenn.,
died.
E. W. Gibrton, operator, Memphis, Tenn.,
died.
Jno. I. Connelly, operator, Memphis, Tenn.,
died.
Daniel Walsh, clerk, Memphis, Tenn., died.
Jno. McFeely, mes.senger, Memphis, Tenn.,
died.
Mrs. E. Fowler, wife of J. J. Fowler, Mem-
phis, Tenn., died.
Mrs. Clements, wife of F. T. O. Clements,
Memphis, Tenn., died.
Lewis Klotz, volunteer, Mobile, Ala., re-
covered.
C. T. Smithson, volnnteer, Guthrie, Ky.,
recovered.
B. Deklyn, volunteer, New York, recov-
C. W. McReynnlds, volunteer, Akron, 0.,
recovered.
Jno. M. Mullins, delivery clerk, Memphis,
Tenn., recos'ered.
H. Sigler, cliief operator, IMemphis, Tenn.,
recovered.
W. E. Mnlford, operator, Memjjhis, Tenn.,
recovered.
Mrs. Julia E. Gibson, wife of E. W. Gib-
son, Memphis, Tenn., recovered.
Chas. "Wright, messenger, Memphis, Tenn.,
recovered.
G. M. Baker, manager, Memphis, Tenn.,
recovered.
C. A. Gaston, receiving clerk, Memphis,
Tenn., recovered.
II. E. C'only, repairer, Memphis, Tenn., re-
covered.
ered.
The only one of our original force who escaped the epidemic was George A. Put-
nam, and of the volunteers J. B. R. Spalding, of Baltimore, and N. S. Graves, of Hous-
ton, Texas, alone escaped.
This As.sociation desire to express their thanks to Drs. Gelzier, Mobile, Ala., Easton
Yonge, Savannah, Georgia, T. O. Summers, Nfishville, Tenn., Simmons, Charleston,
S. C, Major W. T. Walthall, Mobile, Ala., Judge Olin, Augusta, Ga., for their valuable
assistance, so freely given among our sick, and to Manager A. C. Frey, Decatur, Ala.,
for liberal contributions of poultry, etc.
CHARLES A. GASTOX, ClMirman.
G. M. BAKEE, Treasura:
428
APPEivDIX.
miscellaneous;
THE MILITARY.
Memphis Appeal. — Preliminary to the breaking up of Camp Joe AVilliams, which will
take place Nov. 2d, the two companies of the city military struck tents, and returned to
the city yesterday morning, and made quite a striking appearance as tliey passed up
Main Street, escorted by the company which liad been on duty in the cit}' during the
epidemic. Tlie boys looked like veterans, and their appearance made the tears well up
in many an old Confed's eyes, reminding them, as it did, of the times when knapsacks
and liaversaeks looked like an elephant had stepped on them. The two companies — the
Bluff City Grays, composed, rank and file, of some of our most promising young men,
and the McClellan Guards, of the same class of our colored citizens — arrived by special
train at the depot of the Mississippi and Tennessee Railway, where they were met by the
Zouave Guards, Captain Brown. The three companies were formed into battalion, Cap-
tain John F. Cameron, of the Bluffs, taking command — the command of Ills company de-
volving upon First Lieutenant Herbert Ehett. Headed by the Blufl' City Cornet Band,
one of the best colored musical organizations in the country, the line fif marcli was taken
up Main Street to Court, down Court to Second, and to the Bluff' City's armory, where,
after a brief speech from Colonel Cameron, the companies were "mustei ed out of service,"
the gallant young soldiers returning to the arms of their friends and sweethearts.
Colonel John F. Cameron made the following remarks before disbanding:
" Fellow-soldiers (and I am most proud to so address you), we are now about to stack
arms — not disband and lay aside, for we stand ready as ever to respond to the call of duty
— but simply disband and return to our daily vocations. Citizen-soldiers, assembling as
usual for weekly training, when you were called upon by the citizens to do military duty,
you regarded it in the light of a compliment and an honor conferred, to which you heartily
responded. For have you not long paraded these streets, clad in the habiliuients of war,
seeking servage? And did you not point out a field of duty? And you have well dis-
charged it. You are of tiie organizations who believe that military compai ies were or-
ganized, equipped by the State, and sustained by this community, for the protection of life
and property in the hour of civil commotion, pestilence, ;ind famine, and you have simply
done your duty. You have your reward iu tlie plaudits of your fellow-citizens ; the
gracious smiles of fair women, which every manly fellow yearns to merit ; added to whicli
you carry with you the satisfaction which comes from the consciousness of having dis-
charged your duty to the community in which you live, and in wliicli you and your fam-
ilies receive your daily sustenance."
These companies went on duty at Camp Joe Williams on the 12th of August, when
the movement to establish a camp of refuge there was threatened with violence by those
living in the neighborhood. Their presence served to overawe tlinse who would other-
wise, perhaps, have interfered with what lias proven to have been the wisest means of
saving human life from the ravages of the terrible pestilence. Colonel Cameron took
command of the two companies organized in battalion, and brought into requisition his
well-known military genius and bard-earned ex|)ei ience, by which the camp was excel-
lently guarded, and its citizens assured of safety from molestation from any quarter. It
would have done those who have lost no opportunity to fiaunt the hloody shirt in the face
of the South good to have seen how harmoniously the white and colored troops served in
the same organization, each ready to help the other in a soldiei-ly way at iheworsi. The
fever made inroads into their ranks, however_ and several of those gallant young spirits,
who left their homes on the 12th of August, inspired by the same sense of duty as im-
pels the patriot to take up arms in defense of his country, fell victims. Peace to their
memories. Our limited space prevents a more extended report of the valuable duties
performed by our gallant military. We append the rosters of both companies, with those
who were sick and those who died, kindly furnished by members of each company.
APPENDIX.
BLUFF CITY GRAYS.
John F. Cameron, Captain.
Herbert Kliett, First Lieutenant.
W. W. Harvey, Second Lieutenant.
C" H. Raine, Third Lieutenant.
W. B. Rogers, Surgeon.
AV. W. Talliert, Oi'derly Sergeant.
J. M. Bradlev, Ensign.
Roljert Armour, Second Sergeant.
F. M. Irion, Third Sei'geant.
Harry Ferguson, First Corporal.
E. Kelley, Second Corporal.
John Harbert, Third Corporal.
Walter Armour, Fourth Corporal.
PRIVATES.
H. S. Ashe,
C. Boisseau,
Arthur Clarke,
Fred. Fowler,
O. B. Haynes,
Ingram,
Ambrorse Mayre,
Paul Spiegel,
Henry Bailey,
A. B.'Carter,
Ed. Cobb,
William Gialiam,
W. D. Haynes,
James .Jones,
Ed. Savle,
Wildbei'gcr.
MEMBERS THAT WERE SICK.
Rhett, Lieutenant.
Harvey, Lieutenant.
Rogers, Sui'geon.
Armour, Sergeant,
Ferguson, Corporal,
Ashe, Pi'ivate.
Cobb, Private.
\\. D. Haynes, Private.
Mayre, Private.
Harvey, Lieutenant.
Ferguson, Corporal.
Wheatley, Corporal.
Goodwin, Private.
Spiegel, Private,
Goodwin, Private.
Boisseau, Private.
O. I!, llaynes. Private,
Ingram, Private.
Sayle, Private.
Everett, Piivate.
Wheatley, Private.
MEMBERS THAT DIEr).
W. D. Haynes, Private.
Everett, Private.
Spiegel, Private.
McCLELLAN GUARDS.
PRIVATES.
J. S. Glass, Captain.
T. D. Jackson, Lieutenant.
Lorenzo Dow, Lieutenant.
B. Ick, Sergeant.
Henry Davis,
Robert .Johnson,
R. Hicks,
Richard Land.
Green C)tey,
James Winn,
Albert Carey,
Isaac Simmons,
Haywood Bradshaw,
Gilbert Gill,
Jesse Simmons,
Pompey Yearger,
Robert Lyons,
Sam. Hilliard,
Henry Wilson,
•Jim Gaston,
MEJIBEES WHO DIED.
Peck, Sergeant, Crutcber, Private,
Cobb, Sergeant, Harris, Private,
Lane, Pjivate, Carey, Private.
T. A. Grexby, Sergeant,
B. Dickinson, Sergeant.
H. Cobb, Sergeant.
Dick Smith, Sergeant.
F. B. Davis,
W. M. Ariiiistead,
C. W. Winland,
Tip Harris,
Cicero Nelson,
Charles Crutcher,
Vance P. Percell,
James Clark,
Nelson Wright,
Phil. Dickenson,
Cai'ey White,
.John .Jeflerson,
Fred. Thomas,
Henry White,
Charles Hart.
430
APPENDIX.
BLUFF CITY CORNET BAND.
Thorans Marley, Leader,
Lance Robinson,
Eli Elli^ton,
Robert Finley,
James Norman,
James Harris,
Henry Andrews,
Stephen Brown,
James Mann,
Thomas Maxley.
ZOUAVE GUARDS.
Memphis Appeal.— We took occasion recently to speak of tlie two companies of our citi-
zen military, which have been on duty at Camp Joe Williams. We have also a few
■\vordB to say about the Zouave Guards, the Becond colored military organization in the
city, who have rendered the public faithful service in various capacities in the city,
and at the prison camp on President's Island during the epidemic. Too much praise can
not be accorded both officers and privates for the excellent and trusty manner in which
they performed their duty, coming to the rescue, as it were, at a time when threats were
made to raid the citizens' relief commissary, by those to whom rations were not issued
without regard to their condition of distress. We append the company muster-roll, to-
gether with the names of those who died during the service !
OFFICERS.
E. T. Brown, Captain.
C. V. Reed, First Lieutenant,
H. Clay, Third Lieutenant,
W. F. Morgan, Chaplain.
E. Gorgon, Orderly Sergeant.
R. B. Smith, Ensign,
John Walton, First Sergeant. •
C. H. Thomas, Second Sergeant,
•J. L. McNeal, First Corporal.
T. H. Burton, Second Corporal.
J. W. Gay, Third Corporal,
Dan. Fleming, Fourth Corporal.
PRIVATES.
J. Felton,
F. Talbot,
M. Donneally,
David Banks,
Danely Brown,
C. T. Drayton,
J. Ellington,
A. Jackson,
Joseph Walton,
Joseph Hall,
Douglas Burke,
M. G. Jones,
J. Robertson,
John Moore,
Wm. Stephenson,
R. Sneed,
W. Coleman,
John Banks,
Henry Martin,
R. G. Gerney,
H. Macklin,
E. Hooker,
Bam. Glenn,
Andrew Mann,
John White,
A. McCoy,
W. Overton,
Thos. Smith,
Ben. Smith,
F. Pierce,
James Crawford,
Second Lieutenant, W. M. Hanson ; Privates, A. W. Brown and Tom Lewis.
A squad of this company, under command of Lieutenant H. Clay, was placed on
guard duty at the prison camp on President's Island, and are highly complimented by
the authorities for their faithful services. On Tuesday this squad returned to the city
with the prisoners. On arriving at the wharf they were met by that portion of the
company on duty in the city, under command of Captain R. G. Brown, who escorted them
to the jail. After delivering the prisoners safely over to the jailer, the company returned
to their armory, where it was disbanded. Captain Brown delivered an appropriate ad-
dress on the occasion. He congratulated the company on their safe arrival to their
homes, and hoped that every man had performed his duty conscientiously. He advised
that every man go about his business earnestly, honestly, and industriously, and endeavor
to merit the good opinions of the public. That all should live in peace and harmony,
and with malice toward none. The captain's remarks were received with three hearty
cheers, when the company was properly mustered out of the service of the Citizens' Re-
lief Committee, each member retiring peacefully to his home.
THE POST-OFFICE.
Memphis Appeal. — The employes of the Memphis post-office have done their whole
duty during the epidemic just passed. The fever robbed them of both the post-master
and his assistant, besides taking oft' some of the most valuable of their number, yet the
APPENDIX.
431
business of tlie office has never been neglected; on tlie contrary, it has been conducted
i-esnlarly, and in a manner which is a surprise to every one. Wlien the lamented
Thompson died, tlie management of the ofKce fell upon the shoulders of Colonel Knowl-
lon, who, soon after, had to succumb, and died after a short illness. Mr. W. J. Chnse
then took charge of the office, and continues to discharge the duties of post-master with
a skill most creditable to his business tact and ability. No complaints have been made,
and, notwithstan(iing tlie greatly reduced force, on account of sickness and death, everv
• thing has moved like clock-work. Several of the carriers have recovered from lli'eir at-
tacks of the fever, and liave resumed their i-ontes, and soon every thing about the post-
office will he in working order as usual. Below we give the names of'those who liave
died, convalesced, and now on duty:
DEAD.
E. A. Thompson, jiost-master. I. P. Oliver, letter carrier.
C. S. Knowlton, ass't jiost-master. W. A. Hill, Jr., letter carrier.
J. O'Brien, clerk. (ieorge Cooper, col'd, letter carrier.
M. J. Cunningham, clerk. Frank Reynolds, letter carrier.
CONVALESCENTS.
The following named liad the fever, recovered, and are now on duty:
H. C. Bigelow, suji't of carriers. Burt White, letter carrier.
Lafe Jennings, snp't of mails. Thad Pluiiimer. col'd, letter carrier.
Charles Stewart, clerk. U. O'Reilly, lette r carrier.
W. J. Jones, clerk. Levi McCoy, col'd, letter carrier.
Douglas Muir, clerk. C. W. Miller, col'd, letter carrier.
Phil. J. Shide, clerk. D. W. Washington, col'd, letter carrier.
AV. B. Hood, letter carrier. Sam Fransciola, porter.
ON DUTY.
The following are the names of those who have not had the fever, and have been on
duty throughout the epidemic:
\V. J. Chase, post-master. D. L. Stewart, clerk.
Frank Stewart, assistant. John Raijuet, letter carrier.
Lee Trout, clerk, W. E. Chandler, letter carrier.
Gus Ennis, clerk, J. P. Eogers, letter carrier.
W. E. Dougla-s, clerk. F. T. Cage, col'd, letter carrier.
THE TELEGRAPHERS.
Memphis ylppeaL — Of twenty-five employes of the telegraph office, eleven have died,
nine have convalesced — <jnly five esca|)ing the <lisease. Of these five, two of the operators
are new comers — Mr. Putiuan lieing alone entitled to the honors of having met the enemy
and defeated him. We recall many nights when he was the solitary occu|iant of the
operating-room, the click of the instiumeiits, as they told the story of the busy world
abroad, being the only accompaniments he had to feelings that must have been sad indeed,
as he recalled the dead and speculated upon the chances for recovery of his sick com-
rades. Those were .sad a'nd solitary hours which required in the sentinel who kept his
lonely vigil a more than brave heart, and a courage much cooler than that which impels
the soldier to the cannon's mouth. The story of the telegraphers of Memphis is an hon-
orable one. Like a band of brothers they stood by each other "in sickness and in
liealtii, till death did them part." As one was carried to his rest another took his place.
The pulsations of the unod hearts who, in distant northern and western cities, were send-
ing us symiiathy ami succor, were carried to ns along tiie wires without a moment's in-
terruption. Kind messages, inquiries for loved ones, drafts of money, all came to ns over
the wires to which one or other of the brave band stood whose names we record to-day
with pride and pleasure. Undismayed by the intelligence which every hour was flashed
to aiul from ns of the growing strength of the epidemic, and the increase of its victims,
the telegraphers continued to interpret sad and joyful messages; to be the meilium of
death and life ; the harbingers of hope or the messengers of despair. They stood to their
jiosts like men, and did their iluty like heroes indeed, in whom was united the broadest
humanitv and the tenderest sentiments of love for their fellow-men. The telegraph was
' 28 '
432
APPENDIX.
to us a priceless boon dniing the reign of tlie plague. What the mails failed to do it did
witi; the steadiness and rapidity of the days when health and peace were supreme. To
lis of tlie presii, it has always been invahiahle. It lias been more so than ever the last
ninety days. As the o|)erators, the manager, and the clerks went down one by one, until
there were but two clerks and one operator to do the more than usually large business,
which pressed with more than usual eagerness, we shuddered to think what would be the
result if that brave last man went down. For many days he was the interpreter of tlie
hopes and fears of thousands, and the means of joy and happiness that was a compensa--
tion for all the sorrow that many of his messages bore. AVe rejoice that he was spared.
The following list, complete, gives the names of all wlio died, convalesced, and escaped,
together with the members of the several telegraphers' families who escaped :
DEAD.
M. J. Keyer, Thomas Hood,
Henry Mynatt, J. W. McDonald,
H. M. Goewey, Howard Allen,
E. W. Gibson, J. R. Henricle,
C. li. Langfbrd, A. Hawkins.
J. I. Connelly,
CONVALESCENTS.
G. M. Baker, manager, B. Deklyn, operator,
Howell Sigler, chief operator, W. E. Molford, operator,
Lewis Klotz, night chief operator, J. M. Muliins, clerk,
C. A. Gaston, cashier, H. E. Conley, repairer.
C. McReynolds, operator,
ESCAPED.
George A. Putnam, operator, C. E. Newell, clerk,
John B. R. Spalding, operator, Jesse B. Waggener, clerk.
N. S. Graves, operator,
AMONG THE FAMILIES.
DEAD.
\ Operator J. J. Fowler's wife. Batjleryman Clements' wife.
CONVALESCENT.
Chief operator H. Sigler's wife. Operator E. W. Gibson's wife. O
THE PRESS.
Memphis Appeal. — The awful facts of the yellow fever, now that the epidemic is over,
come out one by one. In the statement of its havoc in theranksof our police and firemen
and the employes of our three principal railroads, which we have given from day to day,
we have astonished even the closest scrutinizers of the course of the scourge. But soul
harrowing as these figures were considered by the many correspondents who have writ-
ten us concerning them, they are surpassed by those which we give below, as furnished
by the Appeal, Avalanche, and Ledger offices. These lists embrace all, from the press-
room to the editorial-room of each paper, together with accurate details of the ravages
of the disease in the families of each one:
APPEAL OFFICE.
DEAD.
COUNTING-KOOM.
George W. Woods, temporary book-keeper.
COMPOSING-KOOM.
Maj. W. G. Stephenson, B. N. Cutting,
J. B. Barker, L. M. Lorentz,
B. F. Fullei, • Charles M. Smith,
James F. Cummins, George Beamish.
APPENDIX.
433
TRESS- ROOM.
Al. Plummer, John Kelly, Sr.,
Frank Plummer, John Kelly, Jr.,
Kick (porter), James Kelly,
A. S. Hollen.shead, M. Virgeson,
Byron Brooks, Andy Harrington.
CONVALESCENTS.
COUNTING-ROOM.
Henry White, Frank Backus.
John S. Fifer,
EDITORIAL-ROOM.
Fred. Brennan, W. S. Brooks.
Eug. W. Moore,
COMPOSING-ROOJI.
H. E. Crandall, W. (i. Taylor,
John B. Hoskins, H. M. Crowell,
\V. W. Stephenson, Ed. Schiller,
T. D. llzell, Frank Beamish.
H. J. McGrann (foreman),
PRESS-ROOM.
Kinch Virgeson, Sam. Ellison,
Louis Beekenbecker, Henry Moore,
Darius Brooks, H. P. Woodlock (foreman)
FAMILIES.
W. S. Brooks' mother, wife, and son dead.
Major Stephenson's two daughters dead and one convalescent.
B. N. Cutting's wife convalescent.
George W. Woods' wife convalescent.
H. M. Crowell's daughter dead and wife and son convalescent.
W. W. Stephenson's wife and two children convalescent.
Ed. Schiller's son dead and daughter convalescent.
H. .J. McGrann's daughter dead, wife, son, and niece convalescent.
H. P. Woodlock's daughter convalescent.
Frank and Al. Plummer's father, mother, and two sisters dead, and brother and
sister convalescent.
Darius Brooks' sister dead and motlier convalescent.
Byron Brooks' son dead and wife convalescent.
Kinch Virgeson's wife convalescent.
Andy Harrington's wife dead.
ESCAPED.
J. M. Keating, editor, Henry Moode, compositor.
RECAPITULATION.
Total employes dead 19
Total employes convalescent 21
Total members of families dead 15
Total members of families convalescent 18
Total 73
Herbert Landrum
FA. J. Snigg,
James M. Kerr,
James Cruikshauk,
AVALANCHE OFFICE.
DEAD.
E. A. Thompson, business manager.
EDITORIAL DEPARTJIENT.
George Landrum.
COMPOSING-ROOM.
■James M. Banksmith.
John Crabb.
431
APPENDIX.
PRESS-ROOM.
Augustus Anderson, Charles Case.
PORTER.
Mike Corrigan.
CARRIERS.
John Myers, James Hunter.
CONVALESCENTS.
COMPOSING-ROOM.
J. P. Wheles, Joe Crahb,
O. P. Bard, Denny Sullivan,
George Bird, Ed. Case.
Louis Roselle,
COUNTING-ROOM.
J. C. Price, L. W. Bruder.
■M. W. Luff,
Of the families, Mr. Crabb has seven members convalescent ; also Mr. Wheles*
wife and child.
, ESCAPED.
F. S. Nichols, L. E. Royster,
H. W. Clayton, Dallas Townley.
E. S. Smith,
EECAPITULATION.
Employes dead .'. 13
Employes convalescent 10
Family members convalescent 9
Total 32
LEDGER OFFICE.
DEAD. .
COMPOSING-ROOM.
T. P. Holland, W. H. Blalock,
John S. Terry, Henry Stillman, bill poster.
CONVALESCENTS.
EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT.
J. H. Mathes.
COUNTING-ROOM.
E. Whitmore.
JOB-ROOM.
Ed. E. Holland.
COMPOSING-ROOM.
S. L. Eenean, T. P. Kavanaugh,
Eussell Eeneau, John Burns.
PRESS-ROOM.
Larry Grehan, Allen Avery (col.), engineer.
ESCAPED.
John E. Grehan.
FAMILIES CONVALESCENT.
J. H. Mathes' wife.
W. H. Blalock's wife and child. ^
John E. Grehan's wife.
Larry Grehan's wife and child.
T. P. Holland's wife and two daughters — Misses Idelle and Vernon.
S. L. Eeneau's three daughters — Misses Lulu, Maggie, and Jane.
APPENDIX. 435
RECAPITULATION.
Employes dearl 4
Convalescent employes 0
Family members convalescent I'J
Total 25
From the above it will be seen that of those employed on the Eirning Ledger only
one escaped, of the Avalanche four escaped, and of the Appeal only two. Of the Ledger
employes four died, of the Avalanche thirteen, and of the Appeal nineteen. Of the Ledger
employes nine convalesced to recovery, of the Avalanche ten, and of the Appeal twenty-
one. These figures are eloquent of the ravages of the jjestilence among the newspaper
people, but when our readers study the statistics for themselves, they will see that when
the wives and children who were dependent upon these employes and employers are
taken into account, the story is intensified aliiKjst beyond belief. Take the Appeal office,
for instance, where, out of seventy-live persons — men, women, and children — tliirty-four
were buried, thirty-nine convalesced, and only two escaped. Sad and sorrowful' facts,
they tell a story of endurance unparalleled iu modern times, and of which we trust the
world will forever be spared a repetition.
TRIBUTES TO SOUTHERN JOURNALISTS.
London Standard — * * It is this people, the flower and pride of the great Eng-
lish race, on whom a more terrible, more merciless enemy has now fallen. Tliere can l)e
now no division of sympathy, as there is no passion to excite and keep up the courage
needed for the occasion. Yet the men and women of the South are true to the old tra-
dition. Her youth volunteer to serve and die in the streets of plague-stricken citizens
as raj)idly as they went forth, boys, and gray-haired men, to meet the threatened sur-
prise of Petersburg — as they volunteered to charge again and again the cannon-crowned
hills of Gettysburg, and to enrich with their blood, and honor with the nau)e of a new
victory, every field around Richmond. Their sisters, mothers, wives, and danghtens are
doing and suft'ering now, as they suffered from famine, disease, incessant anxiety anil
alarm throughout the four years of the civil war. There may be among the various
nations of the Aryan family one or two who would claim that they could have
furnished troops like those which followed Lee and Johnston, Stuart and Stonewall
Jackson, but we doubt whether there be one race beside our own that could send forth
its children by hundreds to face, in towns desolated by yellow fever, the horrors of a
nurse'.s life, and the imminent terms of a martyr's deatli.
New York Timea — The South has borne herself bravely and nobly during the yellow
fever scourge; no people could have behaved better. One class in particular has .shown
unflinching courage and the most generous humanity. Its members may not have done,
probably they did not, any thing more than many others in the infected districts, but
they have been conspicuous from their calling. These, the journalists of the South,
meaning all who are occupied with getting, transmitting, or arranging news, have re-
iiecfed credit on themselves and the profession by the resolute and fearless manner in
which they have discharged to the fullest their highest duty. Hardly an instance can
be given in which one of them has quitted his post. In New < )rleans, Vicksljurg, Mem-
phis, and smaller towns, they have refused to go away, as they might, and as so many
others, have done. They determined to face the danger — a very formidalde one, since
very few of them had had the fever, and a large nunil)er were new to the South — and to
challenge death in order to render the .service which they knew would be sadly needed.
Scores of them have been down with the pestilence; many of them have died, but none
have faltered or retreated. On some newspapers, only one or two journalists have been
left, but the survivor or survivors have kept religiously at their work. Nor have they
by any means restricted themselves to their business; they have distributed sujiplies —
many belong to the Howards — attended to the sick and dying, and worked incessantly to
relieve suffering, to help humanity in every way possible. Tliey have seen death steadily
approaching; they have looked him calmly in the face; they have felt they must be
victims. But they have not blanched nor abated effort while they could lift voice or
hand; and, as their fatal turn came, fhey have shown remarkable fortitude, fighting
disease to the last, and, when forced to subniit, yielding as dauntless men overcome,
not as men conquered. The southern journalists deserve well of the nation. They
have been fearfully tried, and their trial has brought out all their virtues. They have
proved themselves to be men not less tiian journalists, and very manly men. Tliey have
defects neither few nor email; but, surely, lack of courage and want of humanity are
not among them.
436
APPENDIX.
THE NATIONAL RELIEF BOAT JOHN M. CHAMBERS.
This boat, fitted out at St. Louis, under the direction of tlie National Relief Com-
mittee, of Washington, of wliich Ex-Governoi' Alexander Slieplierd was chairman, on
hei- return from lier mission to all the points below Memphis needing supi)lies, medicines,
ice, etc., stopped at Memphis for twenty-four hours on the 22d of October. The Appeal
of tlie 23d mentions lier arrival in tlie following article:
The national relief boat John M. Chambers, in command of Lieutenant Chas. M. Hall,
Surgeon H. M. Keys in charge of medicaf department, arrived at this port last evening at
.seven o'clock, after a tedious journey from Vicksburg, having left that port last Friday
evening at four o'clock. Though danger was anticipated by Surgeon Keys, on account
of the infection caused on the boat by the sickness of Lieutenant II. H, Benner, who
gave up his life in the noble cause of administering to tht suffering people at points
along the river whei'e the malaria was most virulent, the health of all on hoard has been
good, not a single case of illness having occurred throughout the return journey. Just
before leaving Vicksburg, Lieutenant Hall received a note from the authorities of the
hospital announcing the death of the night watchman of the boat, who was taken down
a day after I^ieutenant Benner was attacked, and immediately removed to the hospital,
wliere he died last Friday morning of the fever. The two St. Louis jiilots, who started
out with the boat from that city, were advised that it would be imprudent for them to
proceed up the river, as there were strong probabilities of anotlier case of steamer Porter,
with all her attendant horrors. This necessitated taking two other pilots who had gone
through the fever, and Captain Robt. Bowman and Frank Marritia were secured, and
though almost too weak from prostration to do full service, agreed to take the wheel and
pilot the boat through to this port. The former )iot knowing the river above this point,
the boat is delayed hei'e, but will back out as soon as his jdace can be suj)plied. The
Howard Association of Vicksburg Uindly tendered two of their best nurses to the use of
the boat, as a precautiimary measure in ca.se of sickness, and though the ofTer wa.s ac-
cepted by Surgeon Keys, they were fortunately not needed, and will return to Vicksburg
on the first train to-morrow. The relief boat made but one stoppage at any port on the
np-trip, that at Terrene, at the mouth of White River, where the steamer replenished
her coal supply. This town, too, has its story of woe, and though the scourge has not
been wide-spread at that point, it has left but two cut of a household of ten, the surviv-
ors being Mr. J. IT. Zadeck, the post-master, and a babe of but two summers. On arriv-
ing at Terrene, Lieutenant Hall heard of the distress of Zadeck, and sent a note of syra-
patliy, coupled witli the announceuient that it would be impossible to render assistance,
as the relief boat was destitute of supplies. Mr. Zadeck sent back word lliat he was a
prisoner in his own house, tiiat the citizens of the town had his house guarded against liis
egress, and would permit no one to see him. In fact, he was in quarantine in his own
home. He was not suffering for the necess;iries of life and health, but was an.xious to get
away from the house of death, where wife, children, and relatives had slept their last
sleep. In his letter he says that most of the dead were buried liy him.self, the people
refusing to render assistance for fear of infection. Lieutenant Hall, of course, could
render no assistance, as his orders were peremptory to reach St. Louis assonn as possible,
and he had no jurisdiction in the case, though the cry for help sounded as pitiful as that
of a drowning man. As soon as a Memphis and St. Louis pilot is secured, and Lieuten-
ant Hall and Surgeon Keys have transacted official business by telegraph with District-
Attorney Bliss, of St. Louis, and Governor Shepherd, of Washington, the boat will move
up on her way home, followe<l by the blessings of many to whom it has ministered.
Memphis has furnished its hero in connection with the God's-eriand of the national
relief boat. Mr. George H. Mitchell, connected with the post-ofhce of this city, volun-
tered to take out the mail for points on the Mississip[)i which had heard no word from
us since the fever first struck the town. Though he had never made a. trip down the
river, he adapted himself to circumstances, and left every landing its missive of letters
and papers except half a dozen or .so, where shot-guns and quarantine laws iirevented
him from doing so. He took out ten tons of mail matter, the largest that has ever left
this city on any route, and spent sleepless nigho in the performance of his duty. That
duty finished, iie tendered his services as a nurse to Lieutenant Benner, and watched
iaitlifuUy by his bedside to the last, giving the same aid which had signalized his success
in that capacity in so many instances in this city. The distribution of that mail to the
benighted denizens along the banks of the Mississippi, who had been virtually out of the
world since the iiicipiency of the plague, was the crowning glory of the mission of the
relief boat.
Appeal, October 8th.— The steamer John M. Chambers, a vessel ch.T,rtered by citizens
of Washington City and St. Louis, and loaded at the latter city with a complete cargo
of supplies, passed this port yesterday, being the first incident in river circles worthy of
APPENDIX.
437
nole tlmt lias ti-an spired witliin the past pixty days. In otlier words, river Ijiisincss wcmld
be completely dried up but for tiie great event of to-day, which will be iiailed all aloiij,'
the river, as the CAaiufecrs passes down, with eager deliglit. No quarantine laws will be
formidable enough to (irevent the gieat canier of help for the needy and distressed from
landing at any and all ports. The freight consist.s of every thing. needful for the sick, the
convalescent, and the tiestitute, .•^nch as medicines, clothing, and general h(;«seh(dd .sup-
plies. It is a complete equipment, and has been gotten up in siiape in a I'eniarkably short
space of time. The ciiartering of the boat, the purchase of the supplies, and all other
expenses, will not fall short of twenty-five thousand dollars. It is one of the grandest
single works of charity yet accomplished. Tlie money to ])urchase the goods came from
all over the country, so that it may be appropriately called a national ofiering. The boat
is under charge of a United Stales officer. Lieutenant H. II. Eenne;-, and tlie supplies were
selected and purchased by General Beckwithand United States Assistant-Surgeon Wyman.
The following is a list of those on board:
Officer in charge, Lieut. H. H. Benner, Eighteenth Infantry.
Lieut. Chas. S.^Hall, Thirteenth Infantry.
H. M. Keys, assistant-surgeon United States Hospital Service.
F. T. Reily, assistant-physician. First engineer, Wni. Shejiherd.
H. S. Kessler, prescription clerk. Second engineer, Martin Williams.
H. S. Hyde, correspondent. Mtite, Thomas Wetzell.
Captain of the boat, Vincent M. Yore. Carpenter, II. Mulford.
Clerk, Loyd A. Hayncs. AVatehman, J. M. Dalton.
Pilots, Geo. Longwell and Chas. Duffy. Steward, Robert J. Mateliman.
Besides these, there are twenty-five firemen, chambermaids, cooks, ca})in-boys, roust-
abouts, and deck-hands, making a total of forty-one people. All seemed to be in good
.spirits, and all hope to come back safe. In noting the departure from that jiort of the
John Ms Cliambers, the St. Louis Evening Post, of the 4th instant, snys: "The two
United States officers have been in the South, and believe themselves acclimated. Lieut.
Benner yesterday received a draft; for five hundred dollars, sent to him by the LTnited
States army officers stationed at New York city, with the request that he distribute it
among the most deserving, wherever he shouM go. The boat will probably be gone
twenty days, and may not go below Vicksluirg. The first stopiiing-plaee will be Hickman,
Kentinds'y. A good many articles of freight had not arrived, but Governor Shephertl
thought it unwise to wait longer. Early this morning quite a crowd began to gather on
the wharf about tiie Cliamher.s. From her mast-head floated a yellow streamer, with the
words on it, " National Relief Boat," while on her left was a large canvas with the same
inscription in iieavy black letters. Both decks were crowded with boxes, barrels, and
packages of all kinds, and everv thing was hurry and bustle. At lialf-past nine o'clock
Governor Shepherd, i\Ir. John T. Mitchell, (ieneral Bcckwith, and Mr. VV. H. Bliss came
on board, and proceeded to make till tiual preparations for the final departure. One
thousand dollars was delivered to Lieutenant Benner, to use as he saw best, and full in-
structions given to the oflicers. There was some delay, because the two surgeons were not
on time. They arrived at half-past ten, and at fifteen minutes to eleven o'clock the bell
rang for the last time, hasty and earnest farewells were said, and the Cliumbers slowly
backed out into the great river. Governor She)>herd, Mr. Bliss, ISIr. Mitchell, and Geii.
Beckwith stood on the edge of the wharf-boat, and, along with hundreds of others whose
hearts were full of sympathy, watcheii her until she turned her head down stream and
began to stetim away. She went with the good wishes of the whole nation, and a million
prayers are going up for the safe return of the men on board. To go was something
like walking into the jaws of death, for few have gone from the North into the plague-
stricken land who lived to return. It is something like a bourne from which no traveler
does return. But, whether tiiey come back or not, their good work will be done, and the
nation honored by a noble deed. Many a sufferer will be relieved, many a heart made
glad, and many a life saved. It is such things that weld together the hearts of the
North and the people of the South, and is another proof of the eloquent saying of the
gi-eal .-ind iametited (jrovernor Yates, that the Mississippi was never made to run through
a divided country. All honor to Governor A. K. Shepherd, the chairman of the National
Relief Committee, and the man, above all others, who has contributed to the succe.ss of
this great national undertaking; and great credit is due to Mr. W. H. Bliss for his un-
, tiring labons, and also to Mr. "john T. 'Mitchell, of Washington."
438
APPENDIX.
BENNER RELIEF FUND.
Appeal, November 11. — ^At half-past two o'clock yesterday afternoon the Benner hale of
cotton, contributed through jNIiss Clara Conway, for the benefit of the family of the late
Lieutenant Benner, United States Army, who died at his post on board the' government
supply boat, near Vicksburg, on the Mississippi River, while relieving the wants of the
yellow-fever sufierer's, was sold at public auction in front of -the cotton exchange by Mr.
A. E. Frankland, auctioneer. The bale weighed 506 pounds, and classed middling" fair.
The bidding was lively, Mr. Simon W. Green starting it at fifty cents per pound, Major
G. V. Rambaut bid ninety-five cents, Mr. Green called it ninetv-eight cents. Major Ram-
baut $1.00, Mr. Green $1.01, and Major Rambaut $1.02, and it was knocked down at .$1.02
a pound. The bale weighing 506 pounds, brought $516.12. The bale was sold by sub-
scription under the direction of a committee of the cotton exchange, composed of Messrs.
G. V. Rambaut, Simon W. Green, H. M. Neely, John K. Speed, and C. T. Curtis. On the
sale being made auctioneer Frankland read the following notice :
" The members of the Memphis Cotton Exchange most respectfully donate the Benner
bale of cotton to the cotton exchanges of Nev.' Orleans, Galveston, Mobile, Savannah,
Charleston, and Richmond, Virginia, with the sincere request that each one pass it to the
other after it has been sold, the proceeds to be forwarded to the Benner fund, care of the
secretary of the treasury." The contributors to the fund are as follows :
We, the undersigned, hereby agree to pay the amounts hereto annexed and opposite
our names, the same to be used in the purchase of a bale of cotton donated by ^liss Clara
Cohwav to the " Benner relief fund," the money subscribed for the said purchase to go
to that fund : Hill & Mitchell, $10 ; Joyner, Lemmon & Gale, $10 ; W. S. Jack & Co., $10 ;
Ferguson & Hanipson, $10; Goodbar & Co., $10; Schwab & Co., $10; Rice, Stix & Co.,
$10; .James S. Wilkins, $10 ; Mammoth cotton press, $10; Brown & Jones, $10 ; Union
cotton compress association, $10; Johnsoii & Vance, $10; Bohlen, Huse & Co., $10;
Oliver Finnic & Co., $10 ; B. Lowenstein & Bros., $5 ; Walker Brothers & Co., S5 ; Town-
send, Woollv & Co., $5 ; Guv, Dillard & Coffin, $10 ; J. J. Freeman, $5 ; Felix Fransciola,
S»; Porter, ■ Taylor & Co., $10; Peter Trazev, $5; Joe Wetter. $5 ; G. H. Latham, $5 ;
, Clark, $5; S. Mansfield, $5; W. B. Galbreath & Co., $10; J. T Pettit, $10; Gover
& Co., $15: A. M. Scarborough, $5; C. T. Curtis, $5; Ad. Storm, $5; J. S. Richardson &
Co., $5 ; Horace E. Andrews, $5 ; J. M. James and Sons, $5 ; M. Gavin & Co., So ; School-
field, Hanauer & Co. ,.$5; Cooper & Co., $5 ; Ashbrook & White, $5; Pearce, Suggs & Co.,
$5; Harris, Mallory & Co., $5; Bowles & Son., $10 ; J. H. Coflee & Co., $2,- J."j. Busby
& Co., $5; E. M. Apperson &Co,, $10; Furstenheim & Wellford, $5 ; Hadder and Averv,
$5; J. F. Frank & Co., $5; C. P. Hunt & Co., $5; Fader, Jacobs & Co., $5; Hill, Fon-
taine & Co., $5; C. B. Carter & Co., $5; Dav & Proudfit,$5; W. H. Wood, $5; Orgill
Bros. &Co.,$5; Thos. H. Allen & Co., $5; A."Vacarro & Co., $5; John K. Speed, $5; M.
L. Meacham & Co., $.5 ; Estes, Doan Co., $5 ; Brooks, Neelv & Co., $15 ; J. T. Fargason &
Co., $15; J. W. Jefferson & Co., $5; G. Falls & Co.,$10"; Wm. M. Roots, $5: Cage &
Fisher, $5; Wm. R. j\Ioore,$.5) W. S. Bruce & Co., SI 0 ; R. G. Craig, $2; Grubbs, .Aus-
tin & Berry, $5; Wills & Wildberger, $2; Martin & Co., $5; Mitchell, Hoffman & Co.,
$5 ; F. S. Davis, $5; A. M. Agelasto, $5; R. V. Vredenburgh, $5 ; E. G. Barnaby, $1.
DISPOSITION OF FUNDS AND BALE.
Major Rambaut will send the check for the amount to Miss Clara Conway, who will
transmit it to the .secretary of the treasury of the United States, The bale of cotton will
be sent, after being fl.xed up with bagging, ties, etc., to New Orleans, in accordance with
the wish of the cotton exchange. It is not intended to permit the cotton bale to be taken
or sent outside of the cotton States of the South.
Rev. C. K. Marshall, writing, on the 17th of October, to the Louisville Cmirter-.Toumal,
gives the following account of the funeral of Lieutenant Benner, the brave soldier who
perished at his post : " I have just participated in the most solemn and imposing funeral
ceremony I ever witnessed here in nearly half a century. We have buried the com-
mander of the national relief expedition. Lieutenant Benner sleeps to-night in the
national cemetery, by the side of the majestic waters of the great river. The gallant
Custer, fighting to his death in defense of and dying with his brave band of heroes, did
not meet death more nobly than has this chivalrous and heroic young orticer. He heard
the Macedonian cry, and in its incarnation came to our relief. The hero martyr fell in
the sacred performance of the highest obligation. We received him and his companions
as an abridgment of the nation's sympathy, wept with joy at meeting such tender, noble,
manly courage and solicitude. When he sickened, we trembled. Wlien he died this
morning, we all wept in sorrow for so great a loss. The burial brought into procession
every movable article. It was over a mile in length, and thousands thronged the streets
to pay their tribute of mourning foi the jmblic bereavement. All the military conipa-
APPENDIX.
439
nies, fire companies, orderR, and societies, colored and white, all the clerg}' of every denom-
ination, Catholic and Protestant, all the convalescents able to stand, and weeping women
and tender young people, turned out to testify their sense of the calamity. TheotKcers of
the Howard. Association followed the hearse, next to Lieutenant Hall, and the mayor
and aldermen of the city accompanied them. The^ Right Eev. Bishop Adams read the
solemn service at the grave, as the setting sun was just passing from view, embleaiatic
of our departed brother , and amidst the surrounding masses of real mourners, we laid
his mortal remains to rest. May his name shine while the stars shine, and good men
pay homage at his grave, while these waves of this inland sea glide to the distant ocean ;
and may the magnanimous and philanthropic people who have blessed us in this deep-
est distress never experience the necessities of our helpless, sufTering, and desolate con-
dition. We send our sympathies to, and oifer our prayers for, the sorrowing family of
the noble dead."
SERMOxN OF REV. DR. LANDRUM ON THE EPIDEMIC.
DELIVERED AT THE CENTRAL BAPTIST CHURCH ON SUNDAY, OCT. 26th, 1S78.
The first services in ten weeks were held at the Central Baptist Church last Sunda)^
Rev. Dr. Landrum was in the pulpit, and the sermon which he preached, a report of
which we give below, will be found a sermon for the times, a reminder of what we have
passed through and of what we must do to be saved from similar afflictions in the
future. Dr. Landrum, after the .singing of hymn No. 5, gospel series, opened with the
following
PRAYER :
O God, who didst create and redeem us, who dost permit us to call thee Father, to
thee we confess our sins and acknowledge our dependence. We are unworthy the
least of thy mercies. We thank thee so many of us have met together for praise,
for forgiveness, for blessing. We thank thee for the Sabbath; for a desire to conse-
crate ourselves to thy service; for the gift of thy Son, our Savior, by whose death,
resurrection, and ascension, life and immortality are brought to light in the gospel.
May we seek life and strength through him, live unto him--ever ready for death, ever
prepared for the life to come. We thank thee for this hope, for the home above, the
glories that await us there. Help us, O Lord, to know more of thee, to understand
thy word, to obey thy will. Revive thy work, O Lord, we beseech thee. Reveal, by
thy Spirit, Christ Jesus unto us as the way, the truth, and the life. Draw now sensibly
near unto us, that we may know that we are in the way of life; and minister unto us
the consolations of the gospel, which the world knows not of, and can neither give nor
take away, enabling us to cast our cares upon thee, wdio careth for us. We can not,
would not, call our loved ones back again, liut we thank thee we can go to them where
all is- peace, purity, and love, and no pain, no plague, no death, nor tears, nor partings.
May we bear our cro.ss patiently, humbly, faithfully, and, like good soldiers, stand
firmly, bravely; following unfiin'chingly the Captain of our salvation, himself made
perfect through sufTerings. Bless us, O Lord, in our hearts, in our homes, in our
church ; bless our afHicted city, bless all with the wisdom and the fear and the love of
God. Bless the absentees. May they come back from their chastening willingly, hum-
blv, oluediently to serve thee, the only true and living God. Bless our scourged land.
Bless all those who have so generously ministered to our necessities and solaced us
with words of comfort and sympathy." Reward them, O Lord, with thy mercies, and
enlarge our hearts with grateful love toward them. We need every blessing— indi-
viduals, the family, the city, the nation— all need thy help. And may we honor these
blessings by honouring thee. Hear us, O Lord, and thine shall be the praise. For
Jesu.s' sake, amen.
Hymn No. 33, "Trusting Jesus every day," was then sung.
THE SERMON.
It is now ten weeks since we last assembled in this house. Within the past few
days certain persons, and it is pleasure to say, mostly young men, have said to me,
"Why not rctumc services? W-; arc hungry for preaching." I therefore announced
440
APPENDIX,
services this morning. The sudden cliange to inclement wentlier led me to expect only
ii few. I am gratified to see so many present. Yon liave come to seeli God and invoke
tlie divine consolations, (treat and sad changes have taken place since Ave last met,
hnt it is better not to dwell on what is possibly npperniost in every mind— personal
sufierings and bereavements. Let us rather try to learn a few lessons for future good.
Text; "And he (Aaron) stood between the dead and the living, and the plague wa.t
stayed." Num. 16: 48. You, perhajjs, have not, lately at least, looked into those
Scriptures which declare pestilence to be God's curse upon the sin of disobedience.
Let ns read yon a few of these texts ; "If ye walk contrary to me, I will send the pesti-
lence among you." Lev. 26: 21-26. Because of rebellion, Moses was told to speak thus
to the children of Israel : "I will smite them with the pestilence, and disinherit them."
Num. 14: 12. "Because of the wickedness of thy doings, the Lord shall make the pesti-
lence cleave unto thee, until he has consumed thee from ofl' the face of the land."
I>eut. .38 ; 21. "When they fast I will not hear them cry, and when they offer burnt
offering and oblation I will not accept them, but I will consume them by the sword, and
by the famine, and by the pestilence." Jer. 14: 12. The result of disobedience in the
last times : "Nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom ; and there
shall be famines and pestilences and earthquakes in divers places. All these are the
beginning of sorrows." Matthew 24: 7, 8. If these be "the beginning," what must the
continuance and the end of these sorrows be? Therefore, be ye also ready; for in such
an hour as ye think not, the Son of man cometh, rewarding those that diligently seek
him, and punishing the disobedient. His ways are shown to be "equal," and he
"justifies" himself before the good and the bad. Of the twelve spies sent by Moses to
Canaan, the ten who made a cowardly report, producing a rebellion, died in the wilder-
ness with the tliousands which were corrupted with them. Two, Caleb and Jo.shua,
who "followed" God "fully," were brought into the land of promise. Xum. 14. And
so, in the cases of Nadab and Abihu, and of Korah and Dathan, you see the Lord em-
phasizing by example this great precept of obedience. Law is every-where. It is too
often thought that the ten commandments comprise all of God's laws, A mistaken,
short-sighted idea. There are spiritual and physical laws, with rewards and punish-
ments. These laws must be obeyed if yon would be happy. To obey them, you must
know them ; to know and understand them, you must study God's word by the light of
his Spirit. " The plague was stayed." How? By Israel's priestly intercessor Aaron.
Jesus is our High Priest and Intercessor. He is now standing between dead and perish-
ing sinners and an offended God. He put himself in our stead. He live(l, and suf-
fered, and died, and rose again for us. Let us look to him to bear away from ns and
our children the plague of sin; and stay the just wrath of God, that we and they may
not suffer the rightful penalty of our many mi.'Jdoings. God's children are all inter-
cessors. Abraham interceded- for iSodom, Moses repeatedly for Israel, and Paul for
his brethren accoi'ding to the flesh. So let us plead with God, one for the other, and for
our own erring brethren, in Jesus' name. He is our refuge and our strength.
THE PESTILENCE.
A remarkable feature of this pestilence is its malignity ; the mortality, at one
time, being one death in every two cases. Of my flock, w"ho remained in the city, more
than half have died. How wonderful this mortality! Nearly thirty-three per cent,
elsewhere, nearly fifty per cent. here. What a terrible strain upon the minds and
sjjirits and bodies of the living witnesses! Another remarkable feature: The wide
extent of territory it has spread over. Norfolk, Savannah, New Orleans, and this city
have repeatedly been scourged, and heretofore the plague has been confined to certain
localities in these cities. Never before has it extended its baneful, blighting infiuence
over so vast an area, and with a malignity as fatal in the country as in the city. How
vast, how awful its death-dealing touch ! It is terrible to contemplate. Another sad
feature; It carried off so many little children, and swept the young men by scores
and hundreds. It was far more destructive among these than any former epidemic.
Look around you and see how many parents have been left, with the children all, or
nearly all, gone. Many Kachels are weeping because her children are not; many
Davids, in agony, cry out, "O my son Absalom! my son, my son Absalom! Would to
(iod I had died for thee, O Absalom, my son, my son ! " A few godly men, adopting
David's language, after the death of his little child, say, "Now he is dead: wherefore
should I fast? Can I bring him back again? 1 shall go to him, but he shall not
return to me."
A FEW PRACTICAL LESSONS.
First Lesson. — It has been suggested that physical laws can not be violated with im-
punity; hence, the vital imj)ortance of due attention to the drainage and sewerage of
APPENDIX.
441
the city. Cleanliness is a prerequisite of health, the best preventive of malarial epi-
demics.. If indifl'erent to this virtue, you may expect only pestilence. If you would
have exemption, look well to the cleanliness of your city, This virtue is classed in the
inspired Word next to godliness. It is wiser to pay taxes in money than in the lives of
your citizens, and the tears and sufferings of the widow and the orphan. These will not
pave your streets, nor restore a dishonored credit, nor rebuild broken fortunes.
Second Lenson. — The moral development.s under this trial have been always interest-
ing, sometimes astounding. As in war, so in times of pestilence, there are remarkable
I'evealments of character. Where you have counted on firmness, patience, self-sacritice,
you have been surprised with weakness, fear, and meanness. Where you have had little
hope of noble deeds, you have found magnanimity, kindness, tenderness, love. You
have seen the husband desert the wife, the mother her children, and children abandon
parents. Then, you have seen the "stranger" come in, and, without fear of death or
hope of reward, fill with touching tenderness these deserted places. This is really
wonilerfnl, inexplicable. The Lord alone can know the heart.
Third Lesson. — Religion is judged improperly, unjustly. Only "the few," who
know from revelation and experience somewhat of God's will and ways, are competent
to judge. The "many" are not qualified to say what a Christian's duty is.
One word for all: Refrain from a censorious spirit — judge not. To his Master the
servant standeth or falleth. It is impossible for you to know the circumstances and the
motives of your brother. Judge yourself, not another. Leave him to himself and to
Ood.
One other remark: True religion, vital godliness, is a living, active, controlling
power. It has been often manifested during this fiery ordeal — and sometimes when not
expected, it has showu forth as a light in the darkness, a glorious reality. An illustra-
tion: My family physician sent for me. He said: "Oh, my pastor, I wanted to see
you and tell you of the perfect peace within. Precious thoughts of Jesus and my
sainted mother come to me. My longing desire is to join her in that blissful home. I
try to sing; but too feeble now; but then I'll sing, I'll sing." Death was robbed of his
sting, the grave of its victory. The religion of the Lord Jesus Christ can alone do this.
It is indeed a triumphant, glorious power. One now from a sister's letter: "I have
often wanted to write you since the death of my beloved husband. When death was
seen to be inevitable, he called me to his side to repeat a few of God's promises. I
asked: Can you trust him? 'Oli, yes, yes, I long for the rest of heaven.' I repeated
these precious words of .Jesus : ' I am the resurrection and the life; he that believeth in
nie, though he were dead (and my husband finished the passage), yet shall he live, and
whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die.' The Lord, the good Savior,
never seemed so close to him. To him I commit myself and my children; and, from
my heart, say: 'Thy will be done.'" I repeat, brethren, the religion of Jesus is a
jiower — a controlling^^ sustaining power. But that prayer, brethren. Its words are brief
and simple — so easy to say, but how hard to pray it, to utter it from the heart, when
that prayer alone is left to" you. I have repeated it a thousand times without feeling it.
When called to speak it from the heart, I found it no easy thing. This sister adds :
"The everlasting arms are beneath me. It is sweet to lie passive in his hands." Is not
this "religion," or "power?"
Another lesson. Let us prove ourselves an appreciative, grateful people. There
could be no greater evidence of unworthiness than to forget our benefactors, our tried
friends. AlTover the country, from the extreme east to the far distant west, the warmest,
most practical sympathy has been shown. The United States are a nation, a grand
national brotherhood, w-ith one heart. May all purposes be as noble as the good deeds
to us, and our destiny one. Words fail to" tell of the sympathy, the prayers, and the
acts of loving kindness that have come from every point of the compass. Of the many
wonderful developments of this marvelous scourge, the lavish generosity displayed is
one most worthv to be noted, one never to be forgotten. We are indeed one. It is more
blessed to give" than to receive. Especially is this true when the giving is so freely,
cheerfully done that the receiver is .saved the humiliation. Let us, therefore, remember
this lesson of love with gratitude.
ONE FEAR. " . .
Do yon remember the pestilence of 1873? Can .vou recall the frivolities and the
godlessness of the winter and spring following? Shall we, can we have a repetition?
The masses, like the pendulum, go from one extreme to the other, from a state of atilie-
tion and humility to frivolous exhilaration and rebellious, and often blasphemous,
wickedness. Hence, a great display of worldliness is to be feared. God forbid it.
Many have pledged great reformation. Will they keep their vows? It is better not to
vow "than to vow and not pay. How has not God's house been avoided, his will disre-
442
APPEXDIX.
garded, his word mocked, his Sabbath desecrated. Shall we do so again? If so, he
will laugh at your calamity, and mociv when your fear cometh again. Be not high-
minded, but fear. " In all thy ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct thy paths."
" Behold the fear of the Lord, tliat is wisdom ; and to depart from evil, that is under-
standing." Let us hold forth the word of life, stand up for the truth, exemplify the
truth in our lives ; and seek the blessing of God upon ourselves, our homes, our city,
our country, our whole country. As did Joshua, so let each for himself resolve : " As
for me and my house, we will serve the Lord." Oh, what a happy city, what a prosper-
ous country, if every family "was a household of faith," as was Joshua's.
A closing word: We can not call back the dead. But there are two things we have
been taught :
1. To cultivate a sympathetic, helping disposition toward all men, especially the
humble and the needy. Yesterday a widow, not of my flock, sent for me. She said :
" I wanted to talk to one who had suffered ; I, therefore, sent for you." In this way, my
fellow sufferers, you may And compensation for the things you have suffered.
2. These bereavements weaken the ties of eartli. We are the more easily attracted
toward heaven. When all the cords are cut the balloon rises above the clouds that
shut out the sunlight. So when affliction has severed the natural bonds that bind us
to this life, our spiritual desires increase ; our tendency is more and more heavenward ;
our purposes more and more single to the glory of God ; and, finally, by an unseen
process, we are brought to the consecrated faith of Paul: "I am crucified with Christ:
nevertheless, I live ; yet not I, but Christ liveth in me ; and the life which I now live in
the flesh I live by the faith of the Son of God, who loved me, and gave himself for
me." It is sweet to go home with the consciousness of duty done. It is sweeter far to
contemplate the home beyond the skies, to anticipate the joys of the blessed, to enjoy a
foretaste of the rest that remains for the people of God. Then the reunion there !
Heaven is not a world of strangers. We shall sit down at our Elder Brother's table
with the loved ones who have gone before — gone only for a short while before. They
wait our coming. They beckon us onward, upward. Let us follow on, patiently,
unmurmuringly, cheerfully, thankfully onward. We shall have larger capacities there ;
more knowledge, more love, more happiness there ; no uncongenial spirits there; no
plague, no pestilence there. The grave, on this side, is death ; on the other side, birth
to an immortal existence. " For God hath not appointed us to wrath, but to obtain
salvation by our Lord Jesus Christ, who died for us, that, whether we wake or sleep,
we should live together with him." 1 Thessalonians v : 9, 10. " I would not have you
to be ignorant, brethren, concerning them which are asleep, that ye sorrow not, even as
others who have no hope. For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so
theni also which sleep in Jesus will God bring with him." 1 Thessalonians iv : 13, 14.
"And to you who are troubled, rest with us, when the Lord Jesus shall be revealed
from heaven with his mighty angels, in flaming fire taking vengeance on them that
know not God, and that obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ." 2 Thessalo-
nians i : 7, 8. Fear not ; believe only.
After prayer, and the singing of the hymn, " In the Sweet By-aud-By," the benedic-
tion was pronounced.
DR. LANDRUM ON PASTORS AND EPIDEMICS.
Editor Reflector. — I see that in several papers there are articles on the relation of
ministers to epidemics. I think it would be better to narrow the question to the real
issue; the relation of pastors to epidemics. I think it is true that most uf the corre-
spondents on this subject are inexperienced, never having been in real yellow fever epi-
demics. Some things affirmed sound strangely to those who have borne the heat and
burden of the day. For instance, that a minister is reduced to a mere nurse, and that
any hireling can do as well as he can. This is wonderful to me! My experience is
that in the matter of nursing, the intelligence and sympathy of a pastor is worth, to the
sick and their families, more than forty nurses. There are not assemblies of congrega-
tions in epidemics, but there is no want of opportunities for preaching. Jesus preached
to one woman at the well in Samaria, and he wept with two sisters at the grave of Laz-
arus. There are hourly openings in the time of pestilence for following the Savior in
this work. I am sure I have never had more reason to believe that I accomplished so
much work, effective (joupcl work, in the same length of time as during the fever of 1878.
If one wanted a congregation the camps Joe Williams and Wright were open every day
APPENDIX.
443
with six or eight luinrlred people to the herald of the cross. It is a great mistake to
hold that there is no place for a minister's special work in such a time, and that for
this reason he may go away. Then, for the pastor's own flock there is no one in the
Avorld so much needed. If his people ever need him it is in time of trouble. Nothing
so quiets and encourages the sick as tlie presence of a trusted and loved pastor. It is
not true that all the members of a church go away, and that on this account the pastor
may flee also. We can not depopulate a city in this country. To do so you need a gov-
ernment that can make j)rovision for all tlie i)eople elsewhere, and then jiossessing
power to comjiel all to leave, while the government protects the property or burns it up.
Kussia can do this, but the United States can not, except partially. The colored popu-
lation, and many others, will not leave the city. If the pastor's flock left here, how is
it that the churclieshave reported from ten to fifty of their members victims of yellow
fever? The special charities sent to ministers, who remained, enabled them to keep
their members, and those of absentee pastors also, from a burial in the potter's field,
and to sujiport or to send to their friends many widows and orphans during the jiresent
winter. Had all left, this work could not have been done. The outside world (lid not
commit their charities to the absent pastors, but to those who remained with the af-
flicted of the city. There is no fixed rule in the matter of a minister's leaving. There
are ministers who are not pastors; there are editors, business men, or teachers, they can
go. There are exceptional cases among pastors, as where a family is in such a eoudition
that they can not remain, and the husband is obliged to be with them. The general rule,
however, is that pallors must remain with their people in epidemics. This should be consid-
ered in becoming a pastor. If the Mastej would not shun the cross, nor the apostles
martyrdom for the cause of Christianity, their followers should not run froui danger.
To do so results in great loss of influence an<l respect. They are "reju'csentati ves of re-
ligion, and when they flee the cause of Christ sutlers. We preach much about our pro-
tection under God, and the blessedness of heaven. Let not our conduct defeat our
teaching. On all sides let there be charity, so that we may walk together in peace and
helpfulness.
The statement has gone abroad that Protestants did not volunteer to take the places
of those who fell in the yellow fever in this city and elsewhere. I remember well
that Bro. A. D. Phillips proposed coming, and he has expressed regret that I did not
aceeiit his ofTer. Also two ministerial students at Mossy Creek College wrote, asking
me to accept their services. I am sure that if I had consented, they would have come,
at once. I have not their names by me, but I wish to keep them in remembrance.
S. LANDKUM. '
March 26, 18%
I
INDEX.
(445)
INDEX.
Abingdon, Va., dead of, 2G7.
Academy of Medicine, Paris,
275.
Academy, Koyal, of Medi-
cine, 25.
Aceldama, 315.
Acidity of the atmo.<pliere,
70".
Aconite, tincture of, 71.
Advice, good, by a clerg\'-
man, 32.
Africa, 13, 15, 20, 29, 44, 56.
Agriculture, Minister of,
France, 279.
Alaljania, .3(5.
Alabama, dead of, 250, 251.
Alabama, donations from,
337, ;.38.
Alcalinity, 70.
Alcohol a.s a spscific, 50.
Alexander, S , 08.
Alexandria, La., 38.
Allopathic C'(jmmis.sion of
1878, 27.
America, 13, 15, 44, 270.
America, Central, 14.
America, Is'orth, 14, 314.
America, South, 13, 22, 24,
314.
Amiel, 290.
Ammonia as a cure, 59.
Ancient Order United Work-
men, Memphis, report
of, 424.
Andalusia, 202.
Anderson, Butler P., 106,
137, 138.
Andrews, Judge, 288.
AnimalcuL-e, 15.
Animals infected, 37.
Antilles, 28.
Antimonial mixture, 69.
Appeal, Memphis, 100, 111.
Appendix, 327.
Arabian Physicians, 14.
Arizona, donations from,
337.
Arkansas, 36, 293.
Arkansas, dead of, 250.
29
I Arkansas, donations from,
33 / .
Armstrong, 47.
Army, United States, 20, 26,
30.
Asia, 13, 56.
As.soclalion, American Pub-
lic Health, 325.
Association, Howard, of
Memphis, 51, 106, 112,
110, 129, 132, 133-144.
Association, Howard, of
Memphis, charter of,
135, 136.
Association, Howard, of
^Memphis, workings of,
140.
Association, Howard, of
New Orleans, 59, 133.
Association, Howard, origin
of, 100.
Athens, 14.
Athens, Ala., dead of, 250.
Atlanta, Ga., 292.
.\tlantic, 14.
Atmospheric air and cur-
rents, 17.
Auditing Committee, Mem-
])lus Howard Associa-
tion, report of, 304, 305.
Audonard, 303.
Augusta, Ark., dead of, 250.
Austin, Miss., 50.
Australia, 13.
Autocrat, Pullman sleeping
car, 45.
Avalanche, Memphis, 127,
128.
Avery, E. 302.
Avicenna, 14.
liache, 295.
Bainbridge,Commodore, 293.
Baltic, 272.
Baltimore, 270, 305, 318,
322.
Baltimore County, Md., 311.
Bancroft, 25.
Bann, ship, 25, 28.
Banner, jSTashville, 314.
Barbadoes, 15.
Barcelona, 202.
Bark, Peruvian, 69.
Bartlett, Tenn., dead of, 239.
Barton, 109.
Bath, mustard foot, 51, 53.
Bath, vapor, 69.
Baton Kouge, La., dead of,
263, 204.
Baxter, Capt., 292.
Bayou ftoiila, dead of, 264.
Bay Kidge, New York, 275.
Bay St. Louis, Miss., dead
' of, 249.
Beachland, ISIiss., dead of,
250.
Bell, 15, 16, 271, 272, 276,
290, 300, 314, 315.
Bell's Depot, Tenn., dead of,
239.
Belot, Charles, 71 .
Benner Relief Fund, 438,
439.
Berlocher, 37.
Bernabo, Viscount, 270, 271.
Bermudas, 56.
Bethel Springs, Tenn., dead
of, 239.
Bill of Health, foul or clean,
272.
Biloxi, Miss., dead of, 250.
Bionda, Mrs., 107.
Bitters, t(jnic, 09.
Blackluirn, Luke P., 31, 48,
56, 138.
Blair, 48, 200.
Blane, 303.
Blodgett, 200.
Blood-letting, 09.
Bluirc:ty (irays, 130.
Boards of Health, general in-
structions for, 277, 278.
Bolivar, Tenn., dead of, 239.
Bolton, 302.
Bolton, Miss., dead of, 249.
Borussa, steamship, 105.
Boston, 109, 293, 3()0, .318.
Bovina, Miss., dead of, 249.
Bowen, F. F., 137, 138.
(147)
448
INDEX.
Bowling Green, Ky., dead
of, 251.
Brandy, 06.
Brasliear City, 67.
Brazil, 14, 16, 23, 24, 110,
117, 204.
Brenham, Texas, 36.
Brickell, 296.
Briglit's disease, 47.
Britannic Majesty, 293.
Bronze John, 72.
Brooks and wife, 37.
Brooklyn Heights, 290.
Brown," 20.
Bro'.vnsville, dead of, 241.
Brule Sacramento, La., dead
of, 264.
Brutal Code, 271.
Brvson, 25, 28.
Buffalo Bayou, 37.
Burlington, Vermont, 200.
Butler, Gen. B. F., 296.
Cabanellas, Don, 296.
Cabiadis, 324.
Cadiz, 26, 35.
Cahawba, Ala., 35.
Caldwell, 203.
California, 115.
California, donations from,
338
Calomel, 66, 68.
Calloway, Prof. J. M., 301.
Calvert, "Texas, 42.
Campbell, John, 107.
Camp Burke, 302.
Camp Duffy, 395.
Camp Father Mathew, 395-
404.
Camp Joe Williams, 54, 55,
56, 130, 302.
Cami3 Joe Williams, report
of surgeon in charge,
393-395.
Canada, 200.
Canton, Miss., dead of, 246.
Caraccas, 202.
Cardiff Landing, Miss., dead
of, 249.
Carer, S. E., daughter of, 44,
45.
Carlos, King of Spain, 296.
Carolina, North, 200.
Carondelet, Baron, 42, 69.
Carondelet, canal, 42.
Carrollton, Miss., dead of,
250. ■
Cartright, 42.
Casey Young, report of, 425.
Catarrhalic affection, 19.
Catherine, Empress, 324.
Catholics, contribut'ns from,
399-404.
Cathrall, 70.
Catron, 128.
Cayuga, Miss., dead of, 250.
Celsus, 14,
Central Eailroad, Texas, 40.
Chadwick, Edwin, 316.
Chalmers, 70.
Chambers, John M., national
relief boat, 436.
Chambers, national relief
boat, 332.
Charity Hospital, Memphis,
32.
Charity Hospital, statistics
of, New Orleans, 33.
Charles IV, 69.
Charleston, 14, 15, 28, 35,
109, 203, 313, 318, 322.
Charter, Memphis Howard
Association, 135, 136.
Chase, Isaiah, 67.
Chattanooga, Tcnn., dead of,
239.
Cherokee, steamship, 292.
Chevrin, 25.
Chicago, 38, 44, 292, 326.
CUiickamauga, 131.
Chickasaw Guards, 130.
Chills and rigors, 62.
China, 204.
Cholera, 17, 18, 28, 279, 280,
323.
Chopin,' 18, 44, 58, 72,73,105.
Christ, 13, 14, 23.
Chronology of yellow fever,
77-98.
Cienfuego, 35.
Cincinnati, 58, 108.
Cincinnati, O., dead of, 265.
Citizens' Belief Committee,
Memphis, 55, 111, 112,
129, 1.30, 131, 132, 324.
Citizens' Relief Committee,
operations and sketch
of, 390-393.
City Hospital, report of phy-
sician in charge of, 388,
389.
Clarke, of Dominica, 203.
Cleanliness, 37.
Clements, 18.
Clinton, La., 43.
Clinton, La., dead of, 264.
Clinton, Miss., 68.
Cofi'ee, yellow fever intro-
duced by, 39.
Coleman, 42.
Coleridge's table-talk, 31],
312.
Colhouer, 302.
Collierville, Tenn., dead of,
239.
Colonies, American, 273.
Colorado, donations from,
338.
Columbus, 13, 14.
Columbus, Texas, 41.
Commissary, Memphis, 132.
Commissary's report, 392,
393.
Commission, Allopathic, 316.
Commission, Congressional,
303, 314.
Commission, French, 279.
Commission, Homeopathic,
70, 312, 325, 326.
Commission, New Orleans,
16.
Congress, Sanitarv, 275.
Congress, U. S., l"5, 16, 273,
279, 283, 284, 317.
Connecticut, donations from,
338.
Conquest, Spanish, 14.
Constantinojjlc, 27, 275, 277,
324.
Contagion, memoir on, 305.
Contagion, what is it, 294.
Contagions, 17.
Contributions of clothing,
3(iO-3(;2.
Contributions of food, 360-
362.
Contributions of medical
supplies, 360-302.
Contributions, total of, sent
to all the stricken States,
303.
Convention, International
Sanitary, 277.
Convention, Quarantine, 270.
Conversation, 51.
Cook, James B., 319, 320.
Cooper's Well, Miss., 296.
Copland, 303.
Cordon, Sanitaires, 324.
Corbally, T. B., 103.
Corpus Christi, 39.
Cortcz, 13.
Coup de barre, 13.
Courtland, Ala., dead of,
250.
Covington, Tenn., dead of,
239.
Covington, Tenn., postmaster
of, 36.
Creek, Standish, 273.
Cuba, 22.
Cups, 66.
Daily Delta, New Orleans,
292.
Dakota Territory, donations
from, 338, 339;
Dalton, Ga., dead of, 266.
Daltroof, Louis, 295.
Damascus, 14.
Dance, St. Vitus', 14.
Danville, Kv., dead of, 251.
Darby, WilHe, 107.
Davidson, 19.
Davidson County, Tenn.,
Medical Society, 34.
Dead list, 209-266. "
Dead of the epidemic of
1878, 209-266.
De Bow's Eeview, 32.
INDEX.
449
Decatur, Ala., dead of, 2'jO.
Decrees, Frencli liepublie,
279.
De Chambrev, 16, 294, 295.
Debt of Memphis, 102.
Defoe, 271.
Delaware, 273.
Delaware Breakwater, Del.,
dead of, 267.
Delaware, donations from,
339.
Delaware, revenuo cutter,
301.
Delaware Eiver, 273.
Delespine, 28S.
Delhi, La., dead of, 262.
Delta, La., dead of, 262, 263.
Demarara, 110.
Democrat, Natchez, 37.
Depravity, 113.
Dickson, 308, 324.
Diphtheria, 19.
Disinfectants, 17.
Di.K, Miss, 325.
Domiciled, fever, 16.
Domingo, San, 13.
Dominica, 203.
Donaldsonville, La., dead
of, 264.
Donations of money, food,
and clothing to Howard
Associ ation of Mem phis,
337-363.
Donations received since
January 1, 1879, 359.
Dowell, 13, 15, 24, 32, 35, 62,
63, 72, 301, 322.
Dewier, 14, 15, 23, 24, 32, 34,
35, 36, 42, 43, 69, 273,
274, 288, 293, 294, 295,
296, 297, 299, 318.
Drake, Dr., of Nashville, 34,
311, 312, 324.
Druggists, volunteer, Mem-
phis, 369.
,Drv Grove, Miss., dead of,
" 246.
Dunbovne Plantation, La.,
dead of, 263.
Dupeyron, 275.
D'Urville, 201.
Eclair, 25.
Egvpt, 277, 308.
Egvptians, 308.
Electrical Phenomena, 203.
Elliott, A., 32.
Emperor of the French, 293.
Empire, Eastern, 270.
England, 203, 204, 270, 271,
" 273.
England, New, 14, 15, 44.
Epidemic, 13, 37.
Epidemic diseases — quaran-
tine, 311.
Epidemic in Memphis, 1867,
136, 137.
Epidemic in Memphis, 1873,
104, 137, 138, 139.
Epidemic in Memphis, 1878,
101-144.
Epidemics, 14.
Epidemics from 1596 to 1699,
77, 78.
Epidemics from 1702 to 1799,
78-80.
Epidemics from 1800 to 1879,
80-98.
Erin, Tenn., dead of, 2.39.
Erskine, .John, 105, 118.
EscLilapians, 318.
Esculapius, 14, 72.
Ethiopia, 308, 309.
Experiment, 72.
Explosive theory of Labadie,
23.
Express Comjjanv, Southern,
127.
Paget, 16.
Fall, William H., 58.
Falligant, Louis A., 314.
Febris cum nigro vomito, 13.
Febris tj-phus icterodes, 13.
Fellows, 303.
Fenner, 28, 35.
Ferguson, Mrs. C. W., 107.
Fernandina, Fla., dead of,
266.
Fever, diagnosis and cure
of, 46-73.
Fever, malarial, 42, 43, 53.
Fever, remittent and inter-
mittent, 18, 37.
Fever, Scarlet, 18.
Fever, treatise on, 304.
Fever, Yellow, a disease of
cities, 20.
Fever, Yellow, an acute in-
fectious disease, 20.
Fever, Yellow, an African
disease, 14.
Fever, Yellow, an American
disease, 14, 32.
Fever, Yellow, British re-
port on, 36.
Fever, Yellow, chronologv
of, 77-93.
Fever, Yellow, communica-
bility of, 303.
Fever, Yellow, coram uni-
cableness of, 36.
Fever, Yellow, characteris-
tics, 16.
Fever, Yellow, domestic ori-
gin, 30.
Fever, Yellow, exotic, 18.
Fever, Yellow, extremely
dangerous type in 1878,
73.
Fever, Yellow, geographical
area of, 36.
Fever, Yellow, germs of,
carried in clotliing, 34.
Fever, Yellow, its zone, 303.
Fever, Yellow, natural his-
tory of, 51.
Fever, Yellow, no known
remedy f\jr it, 73.
Fever, Yellow, non-conta-
gious, 55.
Fever, Yellow, oljeys im-
mutable laws, 40.
Fever, Yellow, odor of, 41.
Fever, Yellow, origin in
dry dust, 21.
Fever, Yellow, origin of, 13,
14, 16, 17.
Fever, Yellow, prompt treat-
ment of, 58.
Fever,Yellow, self-hinted, 18.
Fever, Yellow, sporadic and
epidemic, introduced or
imported, 32.
Fever, Yellow, subject to
law of periodicity, 43.
Fever, Yellow, types of, 57.
Fever, Yellow, virus of, 303,
304.
Fievre jaune, 13.
Filth, 18, 41, 42.
Fire department, jMemphis,
112.
Fisher, Charles G., 129.
Flint, 303.
Flint, Austin, 50.
Flood, 38.
Florence, 270.
Florence, Ala., dead of, 250.
Florida, 22, 36, 200.
Florida, donations from,
339.
Forbes, Col., 288.
Ford, 21.
Formula, Blair's, 48.
Fort Pickering, epidemic,
1828, 133.
Fort Smith, 32.
France, 14, 271, 272, 275.
Francis, Dr., 288, 299.
Frayser's Station, Tenn.,
dead of, 239.
French residents, report of,
424.
Friar's Point, Miss., dead
of, 249.
Frost, effect of, 15, 38, 39,
42, 44, 45.
Fulton, Ky., dead of, 251.
Fungus plants, 18.
Gadsden, Tenn., dead of, 239.
Gaillard, 19.
Gaillard, Dr., 302.
(jamgee, 15. ^
Galen, 14, 28.
Crallipolis, O., 32, 306.
Gallowav, Tenn., dead of,
239."
Galveston, 23, 25, £6, 37, 39,
301.
450
INDEX.
Gardner's Station, Tenn.,
dead of, 239.
Gastro enteritis, 43.
Gazette, Pall Mall, 203.
Gelsemium, tincture, 51.
Georgia, donations from,
339, 340.
German, 39, 290.
German girl, 37.
Germantown, Tenn., 105.
Germantown, Tenn., dead
of, 239.
Germany, 88.
Germs, 17.
Gibraltar, 36, 202, 290.
Gibson, Port, Miss., dead of,
248.
Gill's Station, Tenn., dead
of, 240.
Golden Crown, steamer, 93,
107.
Golden Lake, Miss., dead of,
250.
Goodrich, La., dead of 263.
Governor's Island, 17, 25,
■26.
Grand Cairo, 308.
Grand Junction, Tenn., 130.
Grand Junction, Tenn., dead
of, 240.
Greek empire, 13.
Greenville, Miss., dead of,
246.
Greenville, Miss., neighbor-
hood of, dead of, 247.
Gregory, George, 303.
Grenada, Miss., 31, 103.
Grenada, Miss., dead of, 247,
248.
Grenada, New, 14.
Gretna, La., dead of, 263.
Guernsey,. 273.
Guiana," British, 290.
Guinea, Gulf of, 315.
Gulf breezes, 23.
Gulf coast, 14.
Gulf stream, 22.
Haenisch, 303.
Hamilton, Fort, New York,
275.
Handsboro, Miss., dead of,
249.
Hanson, 28.
Happholdt, 20, 46.
Harris, Elisha, 300.
Harris, Isham G., 284.
Harrison, 41.
Harrisonburg, La., dead of,
263.
Hartshorne, 303.
Havana, 25, 30, 31, 35, 40,
105, 202, 302, 303.
Haynes' Bluff, Ark., dead of,
■ 250.
Health Board of England,
25, 275, 316.
Health, Board of, Jamaica,
290.
Health, Board of, Memphis,
105, 143, 281, 282.
Health, Board of, New Or-
leans, 15, 33, 58, 273,
274, 316, 317.
Health, Board of, Philadel-
phia, 276.
Health. Boards of, benefits
of, 325.
Health, Convention of Boards
of, 299.
Health, National (U. S )
Board of, 51, 283, 284,
285, 286, 287.
Health officer, Charleston,
20.
Health ordinances, Mem-
phis, 282, 283.
Heard, 36, 37.
Hebrew Hospital Associa-
tion, Memphis, contri-
butions to, 419, 420.
Hebrew Hospital Associa-
tion, Memphis, report
of, 417-420.
Heat, intense, 109, 200, 201.
Helena, Ark., dead of, 250.
Henderson, 37.
Henderson, La., dead of,
263.
Henry, Edward, ship, 67.
Herculean, ship, 67.
Hernando, Miss., dead of,
248.
Hertado, 13.
Heustis, 35.
Hickman, Ky., 31, 56.
Hickman, Ky., dead of, 251.
Hippocrates, 14, 28.
Hirsch, 303.
Holland, 271.
Holly Springs, Miss., dead
of, 245, 246.
Holt, .Joseph, 303, 314, 316,
317, 318, 319.
Holt, .Joseph, paper read be-
fore Congressional Com-
mission, 303, 304.
Homeopathic, 68.
Homcfipathic Commission
of 1878, 29.
Homeopathic treatment, 70,
71.
Homer, 14.
Hopefield, Ark., dead of,
250.
Horn Lake, Miss., 44.
Horn Lake, Miss., dead of,
249.
Hosack," 25, 70, 303.
Hospital, Bellevue, 24, 65,
297.
Hospital, Charitv, Memphis,
298.
Hospital, Charity, New Or-
leans, 118, 273, 297.
Hospital, City, Memphis, 53.
Hospital, Pennsylvania, 295.
Hotel, Peabody,"l43.
Houston, Texas, 36, 37, 40,
42.
Howard Association, Mem-
phis, list of active and
honorarv members, 329,
330, 335; 336.
Howard Association, Mem-
phis, reports of, 329-389.
Howard Association, New
Orleans, report of, 329.
Howard, John, 325.
Howard, sick and dead, 1878,
140. 141, 142.
Hughes, 21, 42.
Humboldt, 31.
Hunt, 35.
Huntington, Tenn., dead of,
240.
Hunt's, George, plantation,
44.
Hunt's Merchants'Magazine,
276.
Huntsville, Ala., dead of,
251.
Huse, Marvin, 57.
Hurse, 37.
Iberia. New, 25.
Ibis, 308.
Ice, 49, 52.
Ice water, 49, 52, 68.
Illinois, 200.
Illinois, donations from,
340, 341, 342.
Incidents of the Epidemic,
1878, 145-194.
Incubation, 17.
Independent Order of Mu-
tual Aid, 423, 424.
India. 27, 316.
India, eastern sea of, 23.
Indiana, donations from,
342, 343.
Indianola, 25, 39.
Indians, 13.
Indians of New England,
14.
Indian Territory, donations
from, 344.
Indies, West, 13, 14, 15, 16,
20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 29, 56,
202, 203, 288, 316.
Infection, 17.
Infirmary, Walthall, 48.
Inoculation, 31.
Iowa, donations from, 343,
344.
Island, HofFman, 277.
Island, Mosquito, 37.
Island, Mud, 273.
Island of Cuba, Humboldt's,
22.
INDKX.
451
Islands, Ascension, 28.
Islands, Caribbean, 315.
Islands, Scilly, 273.
Jackson, Miss., dead of,
247.
Jackson, Tenn., dead of, 240.
.Jamaica, 14, 27, 290.
Jamaica Report, 289, 290.
James, Biishnid W., 313.
.lames I. of England, 270.
Jefti-ies, John, 299.
Jenkins, 203.
Jersey, 273.
.Jesns", 315.
Jewell, Wilson, .300.
.Johnson, 292.
.Jones, 35, 45.
Jordan Station, Ivv., dead of,
251.
Journalists, Sonthern, trib-
utes to, 435.
.Toynor, 44.
ICansas, donations from,
344.
Ivennedy's Mill, 37.
Iventncky, 36, 200.
Iventncky, dead of, 251.
Iventnckv, donations from,
344, "345.
Key West, 26.
J\ingsfon, .Jamaica, 302.
Jvnit;lits of Honor, Memphis,
report of, 421-423.
Jvnigiits of Pythias, Mem-
phis, report of, 424.
Ivnowlton, 128.
Ivnoxvilie, Tenn., 292.
Labadie, 23, 37.
I^afourche Crossing, La.,
dead of, 263.
Lagonda, I^a., dead of, 263.
Lake, Miss., dead of, 250.
LallcMnant, 203.
Lamar, Senator, 29G.
I^andrnm, Herbert, 128.
Landrum, Kcv. Dr., on past-
ors and epidemics, 442-
443.
Landrum, Kev. Dr., sermon
on ei)idemic, 439-442.
La Roche, 16, 109, 202, 203,
205, 299.
LangstaflT, President Mem-
phis Howards, report
of, 330-333.
Langstaft", W. J., 140.
Laski, .56.
Lazaretto, 270.
Lazarus, St., 270.
Lebanon District, Hinds
County, Miss., dead of,
246.
Leclair, 28.
Ledger, Memphis, 127, 130,
137, 138.
Leghorn, 202, 290.
Levant, 202.
Liberty, Texas, 39.
Ivime water, 70.
Jjining, 303.
Iji<^nor, lives destroyed by
its use, 52.
Liquors, vinous and fer-
mented, 48.
Lisbon, 26.
Liverpool, 67, 315.
Livingston, .J.
London Fever Hosjjital,
304.
Louisiana, 36.
Louisiana, dead of, 252-3.
Louisiana, donations from,
345.
Louisiana, legislature of,
294.
Louisville, 15, 18, 4.3, 302.
Louisville, Kv., dead of,
251.
Louisville Railroad, 108.
Lvons, 110.
Maccabe, J. C, 132, .392.
Magnolia ridges, 24.
Maine, donations from, 345.
Mallory, 47.
Mandarin, bark, 35.
Marine Hygiene, Code of,
,300.
Marseilles, 272.
Marshall, Rev. C. K., 71.
Marshall, Texas, 302.
Martin icjue, 202.
Maryland, donations from,
345.
Masderville, 69.
Mason, Tenn., dead of, 240.
Masons, Memphis, report of,
405-410.
Massachusetts, 272.
Massachusetts, donations
from, 346.
Mathes, Capt., 130, 131.
MatzlazahuatI, 13.
Mauritius, 27, 28.
Maury, 105.
Mead; 272.
Meansville, Texas, 39.
Measles, 18.
Medical corps, Howard As-
sociation of Memphis,
roll of, 367, 368.
Medical estimates, Mem-
phis, 1878, 116.
Medical exjierts, 16.
Medical (iazette, 296.
Medical news, 43.
Medical Repository, 70.
jNIedicine, books on, 14.
Mediterranean, 272.
Memphis, 18, 20, 21, 26, 28,
30, 31, 39, 43, 44, 51, -53,
54, 56, 67, 72, 101-206,
202, 281, 282, 288, 293,
296, 297, 29S, 302, 321,
322, 324.
Memphis and Charleston
Railroad, 105.
Memphis, dead of, 209.
Memphis railroad compa-
nies, dead of, 266.
Memphis, unsanitary condi-
tion of, 319, 320^ 321.
Menken, Nathan D., 141.
Meridian, Miss., dead of,
248.
Merrill, 42.
Meteorological, 19-5-206.
Mexico, 13, 14, 15, 16, 25,
289, 290.
Mexico, Oulf, 14, 22, .36.
^liasmatie diseases, 28.
^lichigan, donations from,
346.
Microscope, 58.
Middle Passage, 314, 315.
Mi HI in, Fort, 273.
^Military companies, Mem-
phi"s, 428-430.
Milncr, 298.
Minnesota, donations from,
346.
Miscellaneous list of dona-
tions, 348.
Mississi])pi, 3(), 293.
Mississippi and Tennessee
Railroad, 54, 105, 106,
302.
Mississippi Citv, Miss., dead
of, 249.
Mississippi, dead of, 242-
250.
Mississippi, donations from,
348.
Mississippi Valley, 298, 314,
326.
Missouri, 36.
Missouri, dead of, 265.
Missouri, donations from,
.347, 348.
Mitchell, Dr. R. W., report
of, as Medical Director
^Memphis Howard Asso-
ciation, 365-371.
Mitchell, of New York, 69,
70.
Mitchell, R. W., 21, 51, 53,
72, 116, 128, 140.
Mobile, 22, 318.
Mol)ile, Ala., dead of, 251,
302.
Mollie, barque, 315.
^lunette, 303.
Monsel's solution, 58.
Montana, donations from,
346.
Montevideo, 14.
Montgomery, Ala., 303.
Montpelier, 14.
Moore, George W., 67, 68.
452
INDEX.
Moi-gan City, Miss., dead of,
249.
Moscow, 324.
Moscow, Tenn., dead of, 240.
Moses, 69.
Murfreesboro, Tenn., dead
of, 240.
Murphy, H. C, 276.
McCraven, 42.
McCnlloch, 305.
McCullv, 20.
McDonald, Dr., 317.
McKenzie, Tenn., dead of,
240.
Nail, 54.
Nashville, Tenn., dead of,
240.-
Natchez, 324.
Nature, London, 204.
Navasota, 37, 68.
Nebraska, donations from,
348, 349.
Negroes, 13.
Negro vomito, 13.
Nevada, 115.
Nevada, donations from,
348.
New Castle, 15.
New Design, Mo., 34.
New Hampshire, donations
from, 348.
New Haven, 203.
New Jersey, donations from,
349.
New London, 203.
New Mexico, donations from,
348.
New Orleans, 15, 16, 24, 25,
26, 28, 29, 30, 35, 36, 37,
38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 59,
66, 67, 72, 106, 109, 134,
200, 201, 272, 273, 274,
276.
New Orleans, 291, 292, 293,
294, 296, 297, 298, 302,
303, 304, 314, 316, 318,
321, 322, .325, 326.
New Orleans, La., dead of,
252-262.
New Orleans, unsanitary
condition of, 318, 319,
321, 322.
Newton, Brigadier-General
John, 26.
New York, 17, 25, 109, 115,
203, 272, 273, 274, 276.
New York, 277, 291, 292, 293,
296, 299, 302, 314, 318,
322, 326.
New York Citv, dead of,
266.
New York, donations from,
349, 350.
Niblett, 36.
Nichols, Isaac A., 300.
Nicholson, Mrs., 302.
Nightingale, Florence, 325.
Nile, 308.
Nixon, 297.
Noah Webster, 14.
Non-contagious, 17.
Norfolk, Va., 35, 275, 276,
303.
Norte, Eio del, 36.
North Carolina, donations
from, 350, 351.
Nott, 26, 35. .
Nubbin Eidge, Tenn., dead
of, 240.
Nurses, names of, Memphis,
373-375.
Nurses, report of superin-
tendent of, Memphis
Howard Association,
371-376.
Nvanza, United States iron-
clad, 67.
Ocean Springs, Miss., dead
of, 249.
Odd-Fellows, report of, 410-
415.
Ohio, 36, 200.
Oliio, dead of, 265.
Ohio, donations from, 351,
352, 353.
Oil, Castor, 67.
Omega, La., dead of, 263.
Opiates, 54.
Orange, Texas, 37.
Oregon, 115.
Oregon, donations from, 353.
Orient, 316.
Orloff, Count Gregory, 324.
Osyka, Miss., dead of, 249.
Ozone, 41, 202, 203.
PalnielL-e. 18.
Panic in Mempliis, 107, 108,
109..
Para, 67.
Paris, 16, 275.
Paris, faculty of, 23.
Paris, Tenn., dead of, 240.
Parks, 20, 110.
Parliament, English, 272.
Pascagoula, 26.
Pass Christian, La., dead of,^
204.
Patterson, La., dead of, 264.
Pearlington, dead of, 249.
Pecan Grove, La., dead of,
263.
Pennsylvania, 272, 273, 306,
311.
Pennsylvania, donat'ns from,
3o3, 354.
Pensacola, 26, 35.
Persia, 204, 277.
Pisa, 290.
Pitts, E. J., 67.
Philadelphia, 35, 109, 272,
273, 293, 296, 302, 303,
315, 318, 322, 326.
Philadelphia, Pa., dead of,
206.
Physical Geograph v. Fitch's,
■ 22.
Physicians, College of, Phil-
adelphia, 35.
Physicians, in Memphis,
1878, 116, 117, 118, 119.
Physicians, un acclimated,
who served in Memphis,
369, 370.
Plague and pestilence, 117.
Plague, Black, 22, 270, 279,
289, 323, 324.
Plague in Europe, 318.
Planetarv disturbances, 203,
204, "205.
Plants, ague, 18.
Plaquemine, La., dead of,
264.
Plymouth, United States
steamer, 97, 98, 304.
Point-a-la-Hache, La., dead
of, 264.
Point, Fort, 37.
Poison, atmospheric, 38.
Police department, 112.
Popular Science Monthlv,
17.
Port Barrow, La., dead of,
264.
Porter, 25.
Porter, John D., steamer, 95,
96.
Portuguese, 290.
Post-office, Memphis, 430,
431.
Potassium, Bromide, 51.
Potter, Dr., 305, 307, 310,
311.
Predictions, 205.
President's Island, 105.
Press, Memphis, 432-435.
Priests, Roman Catholic, in
Memphis, 1878,119, 120.
Pringle, 308.
Prior, Major, 306.
Prophylactics, poison, 31.
Protestant ministers, 121,
122.
Protestant pastors, 124, 125,
126.
Providence, Ehode Island,
109.
Purgatives, 66.
Pym, 25, 303.
Quarantine, 30.
Quarantine a delusive se-
curity, 326.
Quarantine and Sanitation,
269-326.
Quarantine, origin of, 269.
Quarantine, shot-gun, in
1878, 269.
Quarantine sometimes to-
tally fails, 323.
IXDKX.
453
Quarantine, yellow fever,
287-314.
Quebec. 14, 303.
Querner 18.
Quinine, 30, 48, 53, 66, 68,
299.
Railroad, Louisville and
Jfashville, report of,
424, 425.
Raines, Dr., 302.
Raleigh Landing, La., dead
of, 263.
Raleigh, Tenn., dead of, 240.
Raiu.say> 303.
Rape, charge of, 114.
Reese, 296.
Reid, D. B., 300.
Rest, absolute, of mind and
bodv, 59.
Reuss, 39.
Revolution, the, 28.
Rhazes, 14.
Rhine, 14.
Rhode Island, donations
from, 354.
Richoe, Miss., dead of, 249.
Rio .Janeiro, 15, 35, 203, 291,
301, 302.
Robertson, Governor, 273.
Roche, 271.
Ruckv Springs, Miss., dead
of, 248.
RofKgnac, Mayor, 321.
Roman empire, 13.
Rome, 14.
Root remedies, 68.
Rossvillc, Tenn., dead of,
240.
Rueker, 36.
Rush, 70.
Russia, 23, 204, 324.
Ruthven, Texas, 39.
Salicylate of Soda, 59.
Salisbury, 18.
Samaritans, 369.
Sample, 56.
Sanitarian, 103.
Sanitation, 314-326.
Sanitation and Quarantine,
209-326.
Sanitation, defective, in
Memphis, 103.
Sanitation, modern, effects
of, 21.
Sardinia, 270.
Saunders, Dudlev, 103.
Savannah, 200, 203, 322.
Sciienck, 25, 27, 109.
Schmoele, 1 7.
SchuvlkiU River, 273.
Scotland, 273.
Scott, 45.
Scuddcr, John A., steamer,
96.
Seltzer water, 52.
Semiasnia, IS.
Scnatobia, Jliss., dead of,
249.
Senna, Alexandria, 69.
September, 14, 1878, 115.
Septon theory, 70.
Seville, 35.
Sewers, Brooklyn, 103.
Sewers, Report to the Com-
missioners of, London,
314.
Shanks. L., 297.
Simon, John, 314.
Sisters, Protestant Episco-
pal Church, 122, 123,
124.
Sisters, Roman Catholic
Church, 120.
Shafts]>ury, 31 (i.
Shelby Depot, Tenn., dead of,
240.
Shreveport, 20, 42, 67, 296.
Small-pox, 17,18, 280, o23.
Smith, case of, 59.
Smith, Secretary, Memphis
Howard Association, re-
port t)f, 334-363.
Smith, Southwood, 304, 315.
Smith's Station, Miss., dead
of, 249.
Smith, W. J., 106, 137, 138,
1 40.
Smith, \V. .1., report of op-
erations at Grenada,
377-381.
Societies, Memphis, 1878,
126.
Society, American Philo-
sophical, 70.
Societv, Galveston Histor-
ical, 301.
Society, Royal Astronomical,
England, 205.
Society, Roval Historical, of
England, 2(14.
Society, Statistical, of Eng-
land, 204.
Soda, bicarbonate of, 06.
Soldiers, colored, 113.
Somerville, Tenn., dead of,
240.
South Carolina, donations
from, 354.
Soutliwest Pass, La., dead
of, 264.
Si)ain, 14, 35, 36, 271.
Spanish Peninsula, 318.
Sponging, 52.
States, Middle, Western, and
Soutiicrn, 15.
Stephens, Dr., 300.
Stevens, 303.
Stevens, A. H., 299.
Stevenson, Ala., dead of,
251.
Stevenson's Plantation, Miss.,
dead of, 249.
Stille's Theory, 22.
Stimulants, 54.
Stone, 24, 26, 35, 42, 05, 297.
Stoneville, Miss., dead of,
249.
Storer, D. H., 299.
Strobel, 303.
St. James' Parish, La., dead
of, 264.
St. Louis, 25, 34, 38, 303,
326.
St. Louis, Mo., dead of, 265.
St. Paul, 44.
St. Vitus' Dance, 115.
Sudder, steamsiiip, 105.
Sulphur Springs, Miss., dead
of, 249.
Summary of donations and
contributions, 363,
Summers, T. O., Jr., 56.
Summitt, Miss., dead of,
249.
Sunflower, Miss., dead of.
249.
Surgeons, College of, Paris,
14.
Swinburne, John, 277.
Swisshelm, Jane G., 68.
Syracuse, 14.
Tabl e s , .M e t e o ro 1 ogi e a 1 , Me m -
phis, 1878, 195-199.
Tallulaii, La., dead of, 263.
Tampieo, 15, 36, 289, 290.
Tangi|)aha, La., dead of,
264.
Taylor, Fort, 26.
Tea, Beef, 66.
Tea, China, ()4,
Tea, Virginia snake-root, 69.
Teas, stimulating, 68.
Telegraiih ( 'onijiany, West-
ern Union, 128.
Telegraph operators who
died, 266.
Telegraphers, Memphis, 431.
Telegra])her.s, Memphis, re-
port of, 426, 427.
Temperature, changes in, 51.
Tennessee, 36, 200, 284.
Tennessee, dead of, 209-241.
Tennessee, donations from,
354, 355, 356.
Tennessee, law providing for
Board of Health, 280.
Tennes.sec, State Medical
Societv of, 317.
Tennessee," West, 293.
Terre Aux Boenf, La., dead
of, 265.
Terrene, Ark., dead of, 250.
Terry, Miss., dead of, 249.
Texas, 36, 39. 40, 200.
Texas, donations from, 350,
357.
Thibodaux, La., dead of,
265.
454
I^DEX.
Thompson, Mrs., 29.
Thompson, R. A.. 128.
Thornton, Dr., report of City
Hospital, 388,. 389.
Thornton, G. B., 53, 140.
Tluicvdides, 14.
Thunder-storms, 202, 203.
Times, New Orleans, 44, 72.
Times, New York, 291.
Toulon, 272.
Townsend, 272. 274, 303.
Tracey, L. G., 17.
Trenton, Kv., dead of, 251.
Turner, G. P. M., 107.
Turpentine, 68.
Tuscaloosa, Ala., dead of,
251.
Tuseumbia, Ala., dead of,
251.
Typographical Union, Mem-
phis, report of, 415-
417.
Union, 15.
Union City, Tenn., dead of,
240.
United States, 14, 29, 44, 204,
301, 302, 313.
United States, Northern,
United States, q^uarantine
laws of, 279, 280, 283,
284, 306.
Utah, donations from, 357.
Valiente, Don Pablo, 35.
Valley Home, Miss., dead
of, 250.
Venezuela, 14.
Venice, quarantine, 270, 271.
Vera Cruz, 36, 38, 40, 289,
290, 302, 303.
Vermont, donations from,
358.
Vicksburg, 324.
Vicksburg, Miss., dead of,
242, 243, 244.
Villere, Governor, 295.
Vincent, jMrs., 37.
Virginia, 200.
Virginia, donations from,
357, 358.
Virginia, West, donations
from, 358.
Visitors, Howard, 109, 140.
Vomit,, black, 38, 57, 58, 65,
68.
Walthall. 48. 138.
Walthall, W. T., report as
superintendent of in-
firmary, Memphis, 381-
388.
War, Mexican, 36.
Ware, theory of stone, 24.
Warren Countv, Miss., dead
of, 244, 245.
Washburne, vSamuel B., 67.
Washington, D. C-, 200.
Washington, D. C, dona-
tions from, 358.
Washington, Texas, post-
master of, 36.
Water, hot, compresses, 68.
Water, lime, 70.
Water, viper, 69.
Water Valley, Miss., dead
of, 246.
Waves, heat, 200, 201.
Welsh, 39, 40.
West, 39.
Westmoreland, 292.
Whisky, bathe with, 51.
Whistler, Ala., dead of,
251.
White Haven, La., dead of,
263.
White Haven Station, 105,
302.
Willis, 127.
Williston,Tenn.,dead of, 240.
Wilmington, N. C, 276.
Wind, effect of, 40.
Wind, effects of, 202.
Wine, Cook's Imperial, 57.
Winona, Miss., dead of, 250.
Winters, Esquire, 107.
Winterville, Miss., dead of,
250.
Wisconsin, donations from,
358.
Wistar, 303.
Withe Depot, Tenn., dead
of, 240.
Wood, (ieorge B.,299.
Woodworth, 105.
Woodworth Commission, 29.
Wright, Luke E., 131.
Wyoming territory, dona-
tions from, 359.
Xymotic, 13.
Yazoo city, Miss., dead of,
246.
Young, Casey, 284.
Yucatan, 22.
Zack, Mrs., 107.
Zone of fever, 15.
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